地质年代术语英汉对照
中英文地质年代表(精美版)
Archaeozoic (Ar)
Archaean (AR)
冥古宙
古太古 代(Ar1)
800 3800
(HD) 注：1、表中震旦纪、青白口纪、蓟县纪、长城纪，只限于国内使用
4600
构造阶段
大阶段
阶段
(
联 合
喜 马 拉 雅 阶 段
新 阿 尔 卑 斯 阶 段
古
陆
解
体
)
（
老 燕阿 山尔
低平，珊瑚礁发育
鱼类 繁盛
海生 无脊椎 动物 繁盛
硬壳动物繁盛 裸露动物繁盛
裸蕨 植物 繁盛
藻 类 及 菌 类 繁 盛
真核生 物出现 (绿藻)
森林发育，腕足类鱼类 极盛，两栖类发育
珊瑚礁发育，气候局部 干燥，造山运动强烈
地热低平，海水广布， 无脊椎动物极繁，末期
华北升起
浅海广布，生物开始大 量发展
地形不平，冰川广布， 晚期海侵加广
地质年代表
Geological Time Scale
Phanerozoic (PH)
宙(宇)
显 生 宙
元 古 宙 太 古 宙
Palaeozoic (Pz)来自地质时代、地层单位及其代号
同位素年龄(百万年 Ma)
代(界)
纪(系)
世(统)
时间间距 距今年龄
第四纪(Q) Quaternary
全新世(Q4/Qh) Holocene
裸 子 植 物 繁 盛
蕨类 植物 繁盛
西部造山运动，东部低 平，湖泊广布
哺乳类分化
蔬果繁盛，哺乳类急速 发展
（我国尚无古新世地层 发现）
造山作用强烈，火成岩 活动矿产生成
地质专业常用术语中英文对照词典
红土镍矿和硫化镍矿地质词汇集(Cabulary List of Geology)1地质勘查与评估(Recourse exploration and assessment)Geological Study 地质研究Reconnaissance 踏勘Prospecting 普查General exploration 一般勘探Detailed exploration 详细勘探Economic viability 经济可靠性Extractable 可采的Total mineral resources 资源总储量Reserve 储量Remaining mineral resources其余矿产资源Mineral Occurrence矿化点Uneconomic occurrence非经济矿化点Feasibility study可行性研究Prefeasibility study预可行性研究Measured resource确定级矿产资源Indicated resource推定级矿产资源Inferred resource推测级矿产资源Reconnaissance resource踏勘矿产Independent Consulting Geologist 独立咨询地质专家Independent Consulting Geologist’ Report独立咨询地质专家报告Sampling 采样Validation sampling 验证取样Duplicate sample 副样Assay 分析Composite assay 组合分析drilling 钻探Test pitting 井探Treach 探槽Drill hole 钻孔Test pit 探坑patial distribution 空间分布Profile 剖面cross-section 横剖面Geological penetrate rader地质雷达污染Grid spacing 勘探网度Geological mapping 地质填图Aerial survey航空测量Mineralication矿化，成矿Spatial distribution 空间分布Weathering 风化Lateritisation 红土矿化，红土矿成矿作用The V almin Code : Code and Guideline for Assessment and valuation of Mineral Securities for Independent Experts Report澳大利亚独立专家矿产资源评估报告编写规范JORC Code :Australasian Code for Reporting of identified Mineral Resources andOre Reserves released by the Joint ore Reserve Committee 澳大利亚资源委员会资源评估报告编写规范2岩石名schist 片岩ultramafic rocks 超基性岩，limestone石灰岩dunite 纯橄榄岩peridotite 橄榄岩hornblendite 角闪岩pyroxenite 辉石岩lherzolite 二辉橄榄岩diabase 辉绿岩gabro 辉长岩gabbrophyre 辉长煌斑岩diorite 闪长岩norite 苏长岩tholeiite 拉班玄武岩ferrobasic 铁质的magma 岩浆granite 花岗岩petroface 岩相phyllite 千枚岩mylonite糜棱岩3矿物名Laterite红土矿limonite 褐铁矿goethite 针铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿haematite 赤铁矿nickel sulphate 硫酸镍(iron，magnesium)hydroxide (铁,镁)氢氧化物nickel-bearing clay mineral 含镍粘土矿物nickel silicate 硅酸镍hdrosulphide 硫化氢serpentine 蛇纹石antigorite 叶蛇纹石chrysotile 纤蛇纹石garnierite 镍叶蛇纹石millerite 针镍矿talc 滑石chlorite 绿泥石montmorillonite 蒙脱石saprolite 腐泥土clay mineral 粘土矿物serpentinization 蛇纹石化kaoline 高岭石magnesite 菱镁矿calcite 方解石Sulphide硫化矿pyrite 黄铁矿pyrrhotite 磁黄铁矿ilmenite 钛铁矿chromite 铬铁矿chalcopyrite 黄铜矿cubanite 方黄铜矿valleriite 墨铜矿bornite 斑铜矿chalcocite 辉铜矿conellite 铜蓝pentlendite 镍黄铁矿violarite 紫硫镍铁矿mackinovite 马基诺矿millerite 针镍矿bravoite 方硫铁镍矿chrome spinal 铬尖晶石olivine 橄榄石pyroxene 辉石tremolite 透闪石hornblende 角闪石mica 云母biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母phlogopite 金云母plagioclase 斜长石orthoclase 正长石gangue 脉石isotope 同位素major mineral 主要矿物minor mineral 次要矿物accessory mineral 副矿物trace mineral 痕量矿物4构造stock 岩株dike 岩墙basin 岩盆outcrop 露头tectonics构造学tectono-stratigraphics 构造地层学ore-bearing structure 含矿构造subfault二次断层synclinorium 复向斜volcanic 火山的colcano 火山imbricate thrust fault 叠瓦状逆掩断层detrital material 碎屑物质mantle 地表覆盖物，地慢concretion 胶结作用mottling 斑状构造flame structure 火焰状构造spongy structure 海绵状构造drop-like structure 乳滴状构造disemminated structure 浸染状构造strike 走向decline 倾向dip 倾角porosity孔隙度moistur content 含水量bulk density 块比重General tectonic setting 地质构造环境evolve 演化Gabbroid 辉长岩状Fauld displacement 断距fauld plane 断面6地貌与气候landscape and climatehillocky area 丘岭地区stony semi-desert area 碎石半沙漠地区气候sharply continental arid climate 大陆性干旱气候7其他普通地质词汇isochronous 等时的，同步的variscian 古生代8采矿词汇(Mining)Mining report开采报告Ore pass 溜井ramp 斜坡道hoist 卷杨机crosscut 川脉道stope 采场development works 采准工程tunnel 巷道filling 充填cement filling 胶结充填undercut and cement filling 胶结充填采矿main shaft 主井vice shaft 副井ventilation shaft 风井support支护steel set 钢架shotcrete 素喷pressure grouting 注浆bolt 锚杆cable bolts 长锚索bolts to hold mesh 喷锚网surface subsidence地表沉降ore to waste 采剥比open pit minning 露天开采excavater 铲运机5选矿词汇(Consentrate)Pilot scale testing 工业实验crusher 破碎机mill 磨矿机flotation 浮选Consentrate 选矿厂,精矿tailler dam尾矿坝6冶金词汇(Extract)Smelter 冶炼厂（火法）Refinery 精炼厂Hydrometallurgic湿法冶炼的Pyrometallurgic 火法冶炼的Liquation 溶液Heap leaching 堆浸Bioleaching 生物浸出high pressure acid leach 高压浸出Ion exchange 离子交换strip反萃Resin 树脂萃取Dissolve 溶解Roast 培烧roaster 培烧窑flash furnace 闪速炉convertor 转炉slag渣matte 锍pour into moulds 浇铸sulphate-chlorite solution 硫酸-盐酸电解液electrolyte 电解,电解池,电解质cathodyte 阴极电解质anode 阳极anode slab 阳极板Solution Neutralisation 溶液中和precipitation 沉淀Washing and filtering 洗矿与过滤solvent 溶剂Iron removal 除铁purification 提纯7一些矿物的分子结构serpentine 蛇纹石A3[Si2O5](OH)4, A=Mg,Fe2+,Ni等，A为镍时为镍蛇纹石，蛇纹石为层状硅酸盐，(OH)+在层间以分子间力连结上下两层。
地质学专业术语的翻译（精品PDF）
凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitized limestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone, dolomitite斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolites clavatus包卷层理convolute lamination包卷构造comvolute structure堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze比拟试验模式scaled experimental model 碧玉jasper边滩point bar辫状河braided channel标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial Oolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hail impression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰川相glacial facies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波高wave height波痕ripple波状层理wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flute casts侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation侧向加积lateral accretion测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology 测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination 层流laminar flow层内溶解作用intrastratal solution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondary porosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldspar sandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosic arenite长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosic greywacke潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominated delta潮坪tidal flat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal- bedding潮汐流ebb current潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositional environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积铁矿sedimentary iron ores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies 沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositional matuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲刷痕scour mark冲洗交错层理swash bedding冲溢扇washover fan储层reservoir储油窗oil –windows床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load吹程fetch垂向沉积作用vertical accretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮spring tide大陆架continental shelf大陆隆continental rise大陆坡continental slope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomictic conglomerate 岛(弧)-海(沟)体系arc-trench system 岛弧island arc等深流contour current等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract 堤岸bank底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedload channel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeter log地层水formation water地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismic stratigraphy地震勘探seismic exploration递变层graded layer递变悬浮作用graded suspension典型浊积岩clastic turbidite电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement 顶积层topsets动态模式dynamic model动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetrical ripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reverse grading反沙丘层理antidune bedding反向递变的inversely graded泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivity log非补偿（饥饿）沉积starved basin 非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributary channel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouth bar 分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩silt shale球粒pellet风暴大潮storm surge风成eolian风成波痕eolian ripple,wind ripple风成交错层理aeolian cross bedding 风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froude number浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造load structure复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groove casts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrent indicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS(International Association of Sedimentologists) 海(湖)泛面flooding surface海(湖)滩beach海岸带coastal zone海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪sea wave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo, wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channel floor lag河控三角洲fluvial delta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑[动]痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi 还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmental sedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物mélange混载荷流mixed-load channel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclastic debris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火焰构造flame structure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层cross beds交错层理cross bedding; cross stratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层cross laminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reef core礁后相backreef facies礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁相reef facies角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate界面bounding surfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidal inlet进积作用progradation进食构造feeding structures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystal face晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwelling burrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevasse splay均匀悬浮uniform suspension颗粒grain ，particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle -supported ，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore，porosity块状层理massive bedding块状砂岩massive sandstone浪成波痕wave-generated ripple浪成沙纹层理wave- ripple bedding浪基面wave base浪控三角洲wave-dominated delta雷诺数Reynolds number-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequency curve 离岸（裂）流rip current犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度概率图probability plot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理graded bedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flow regimes流痕rill impression流态flow regime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginal sea陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks陆表海epeiric sea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganess rock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazing trails密度底流density underflow密度流density current密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩source rock, parent rock母岩区provenance，source area内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone 泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥石流debris flow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mud supported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressive sand wave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit 鸟眼构造birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖ox-bow lake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbing ripple bedding 爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foam impression盆内岩intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河straight channel破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones气候带climate belts牵引[作用] traction牵引流tractive current牵引毯状沉积traction carpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodelta deposit浅海区neritic province浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pellet peloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neck cutoff曲流河meandering river取心钻井core drilling全球海平面变化eustatic change of sea level 缺氧事件anoxic event群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nuee ardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutional load熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zone萨布哈（盐沼）sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三联点triple junction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sand volcanoes砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillow structure 筛状沉积sieve deposition 山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fan delta扇状三角洲fan-like delta 舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic, deep sea深海带abyssal zone深海沟deep-sea trench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-sea fan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartz sandstone，silicarenita 石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetal criterion事实模式actual model数学模式mathematical model刷模brush casts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueous flow水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理horizontal bedding水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow水下岩崩subaqueous rockfall水悬浮作用aqueous suspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint ，chert他生沉积物allochthonous sediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapse braccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestrate bryozoans滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonate rock, carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth 碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systems tract天然堤levee，natural levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinal slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍流turbulent flow团块lumps退覆层序offlap sequence洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding外成岩exogenetic rock外来岩块exotic block外生沉积物exogentic sediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnus coronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosing stream，anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulent flow无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facies change相标志facies mark相对海平面relative sea-level相序facies sequence （succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escape structure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchan dune信风trade winds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹resting traces悬浮（移）负载suspended load选择交代作用selective replacement压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕toll mark压溶作用pressure solution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwater wedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphic unit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩屑rock fragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone，rock fragment sandstone 岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖salt lakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidized sediment flow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化石ichnofossil，trace fossil遗迹相ichofacies异化颗粒allochem粘结灰岩bindstones硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特龙图解Hiulstrom diagram油气储层地质建模reservoir geological Modeling 油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms原生孔隙primary porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状交错层理herringbone cross bedding雨痕rain impression原始古网迹protopalaeodictyon圆度roudness越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke，wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)reactivation surface藻管迹phycosiphon藻类algae藻团块algae lumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席Algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造tepees障壁barrier障壁岛barrier island障壁沙咀barrier spit障积岩bufflestone沼泽相swamp振荡波痕oscillation ripples蒸发岩evaporites正常鲕normal Oolits正递变的normally graded正化颗粒orthochems正态分布normal distribution直观模式visual model指状沙坝bar-finger sand指状钻孔迹trypanites中成岩作用mesodiagenesis中峰度的mesokertic中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重晶石barite重流层heavy-fluid layer皱饰迹rusophycus蛀木虫迹teredolites铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts坠积物colluvium准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current自生沉积物autochthonous sediments 自生的authigentic自形晶euhedral自悬浮autosuspension 组formation组构fabric钻孔迹trypanites。
石油专业词汇大全
1-地质年代术语英汉对照stratum 地层stratigraphic correlation 地层对比horizon 层位key bed 标志层barren bed 哑层lacuna 缺失hiatus 间断continuity 连续discontinuity 不连续conformity 整合unconformity 不整合angular unconformity 角度不整合para-unconformity 平行不整合geochronologic unit 地质年代单位eon 宙era 代period 纪epoch 世stage 期chron 时chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位eonothem 宇erathem 界system 系series 统stage 阶chronozone 时带biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphic zone 生物地层带lithostratigraphic unit 岩石地层单位group 群formation 组member 段bed 层geochronologic scale 地质年代表Phaneozoic Eon(Eonothem) 显生宙（宇）Cainozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）Cenozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）Quaternary Period(System) 第四纪（系）Holocene Epoch(Series) 全新世（统）Pleistocene Epoch(Series) 更新世（统）Tertiary Period(System) 第三纪（系）Neogene Period(System) 新第三纪（系）Pliocene Epoch(Series) 上新世（统）Miocene Epoch(Series) 中新世（统）Paleogene Period(System) 老第三纪（系）Eocene Epoch(Series) 始新世（统）Paleocene Epoch(Series) 古新世（统）Mesozoic Era(Erathem) 中生代（界）Cretaceous Period(System) 白垩纪（系）Jurassic Period(System) 侏罗纪（系）triassic Period(System) 三叠纪（系）Palaeozoic Era(Erathem) 古生代（界）Permian Period(System) 二叠纪（系）Carboniferous Period(System) 石炭纪（系）Devonian Period(System) 泥盆纪（系）Silurian Period(System) 志留纪（系）Ordovician Period(System) 奥陶纪（系）Cambrian Period(System) 寒武纪（系）Cryptozoic Eon(Eonothem) 隐生宙（宇）Proterozoic Eon(Eonothem) 元古宙（宇）Neoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 新元古代（界）Sinian Period(System 震旦纪（系）Mesoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 中元古代（界）Palaeoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 古元古代（界）Archaean Eon(Eonothem) 太古宙（宇）Precambrian 前寒武纪2-石油专业词汇1Isolation valve高低压闸门Swab凡尔提（泥浆泵配件）Hub方卡瓦Bail吊环Air hoist气葫芦Chain hoist手拉葫芦、倒链V-door (pipe ramp)斜坡Flowline泥浆天槽Gas buster / poor boy液气分离器Slug pit配浆罐（配药罐）Trip nipple旋转头喇叭口Rotating head旋转头Chickson活动弯头Trailer/container/cabin/quarter room住井房/生活区Trash pump排污泵Flare pit放喷池/点火池/防火墙pup joint：短节重晶石：bariteWear bushing：防磨套膨润土：gelCasing tally：套管数据Float shoe：浮鞋Float collar：浮匝Protector：护丝WDC：wait on cement：候凝Measure out of hole：校对井深surface casing：表层套管intermediate casing：技术套管production casing：生产套管方瓦：hub卡瓦：slip碳酸钙：calcium carbonate环形防喷器：annular半封：pipe ram全封：blind ram Drift：通径（vt）Gauge ring：通径规Resistivity：电阻套压：casing pressure油（管）压：tubing pressureXJH：须家河地层KOP：kick-off point：造斜点3-DC: drill collar钻铤DP: drill pipe钻杆HWDP: heavy weight drill pipe加重钻杆X/O: crossover转换接头CSG: casing 套管WOC: wait on cementing侯凝POOH: put out of hole起钻（trip out）短起：short tripRIH: run in hole下钻（trip in）R/U: rig up组装N/U: nipple up组装L/D: lay down甩钻具DD：directional driller：定向司钻（斯伦贝谢的员工）w/: withBOP: blowout preventer防喷器、封井器BHA: bottom hole assembly井底钻具OD: outside diameter外径ID: inside diameter内径IF: internal flush内平FH: full hole贯眼EU: external upset外加厚IU: internal upset内加厚WBM: water base mud水基泥浆OBM: oil base mud油基泥浆TIW: Texas Iron Works全开安全阀MW: mud weight泥浆密度SPP: standpipe pressure立管压力MWD: measure while drilling随钻测量CCL: casing collar log套管接箍测井GR: gamma ray伽马（测井）HTHP: high temperature & high pressure高温高压RPM: round per minute转速SPM: stroke per minute泥浆泵TD: total depth总井深MD: measured depth斜深TVD: true vertical depth垂深PPG: pound per gallonRKB: rotary kelly bushing方钻杆补心GL: ground level地表LCM: loss circulation materials堵漏剂P/U: pick up上提WOB: weight on bit钻压VISC: viscosity泥浆粘度N/D: nipple down拆卸R/D: rig down拆卸SX: sacks袋、包BBL: barrel桶B/U: bottom up循环一周M/U: make up组装LB: poundPSI: pound per square inchESD: emergency shutdown紧急关停装置ROP: rate of penetration进尺速度（机械钻速）ESP：emergency response plan应急响应预案Isolation valve高低压闸门Swab 凡尔提（泥浆泵配件）Hub方卡瓦Bail 吊环Air hoist气葫芦Chain hoist手拉葫芦、倒链V-door (pipe ramp) 斜坡Flowline泥浆天槽Gas buster / poor boy液气分离器Slug pit配浆罐（配药罐）Trip nipple旋转头喇叭口Rotating head旋转头Chickson 活动弯头Trailer/container/cabin/quarter room住井房/生活区Trash pump排污泵Flare pit放喷池/点火池/防火墙pup joint：短节重晶石：bariteWear bushing：防磨套膨润土：gelCasing tally：套管数据Float shoe：浮鞋Float collar：浮匝Protector：护丝WDC：wait on cement：候凝Measure out of hole：校对井深surface casing：表层套管intermediate casing：技术套管production casing：生产套管方瓦：hub卡瓦：slip碳酸钙：calcium carbonate环形防喷器：annular半封：pipe ram全封：blind ramDrift ：通径（vt）Gauge ring：通径规Resistivity：电阻套压：casing pressure油压：tubing pressureXJH：须家河地层KOP：kick-off point：造斜点acid gas 含硫气体acid oil 高含硫原油acid sulfate spring 酸性硫酸盐水泉active sulphur 活性硫air sweetening 空气氧化脱硫醇Airco Hoover Sweetening 艾尔科胡佛脱硫法alabandite 硫锰矿alcohol ether sulfate 醇醚硫酸盐alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate 烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐alkyl sulfate 烷基硫酸盐alkyl sulfhydryl 烷基硫醇alkyl sulfide 硫醚alkylated thiobisphenol 烷基化硫化双酚allyl isothiocyanate 异硫代氰酸烯丙酯aluminium potassium sulfate 硫酸铝钾aluminium sulphate 硫酸铝amine unit 醇胺脱硫化氢装置amino oxyethylene sulfate 氨基氧乙烯硫酸盐ammonium bisulfite 亚硫酸氢铵ammonium persulfate 过硫酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵amyl mercaptan 戊基硫醇anaerobic sulfate reducer 厌氧硫酸盐还原菌anglesite 硫酸铅矿antimony pentasulfide 五硫化锑bacterial desulfurization 微生物脱硫barium sulfate scale 硫酸钡垢barium sulphate 硫酸钡barium sulphide 硫化钡belt detector 硫化氢探测仪beta-uranopilite β-水硫铀矿bisulfate 酸式硫酸盐bisulfide 二硫化物bisulfite cooking 亚硫酸氢盐蒸煮bisulfite 亚硫酸氢盐bluestone 天然硫酸铜；胆矾；蓝灰砂岩；硬粘土；青石brimstone 硫磺brochantite 水硫酸铜butyl hydrogen sulfate 硫酸氢丁酯calcium sulfate 硫酸钙calcium sulfide 硫化钙calcium sulfite 亚硫酸钙calcium sulphate 硫酸钙carbon bisulfide 二硫化碳carbon disulfide 二硫化碳carbon disulphide 二硫化碳cetyl alcohol sulfate 十六烷醇硫酸盐chemsweet process 化学脱硫工艺chirvinskite 含硫沥青Claus tailgas CBA process 硫回收尾气低温吸附过程cobaltous sulphate 硫酸钴combined sulfur 化合硫concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸cooperite 天然硫砷化铂copper sulfate eletrode 硫酸铜电极copper-copper sulfate cell 铜-硫酸铜电池copperas 硫酸亚铁coppercopper sulphate half electrode 铜硫酸铜半电极cupric sulfate 硫酸铜cuprobond 硫酸铜处理cured rubber 硫化橡胶cyclical sulfide 环状硫化物desulfidation 脱硫作用Desulfovibrio 脱硫弧菌属desulfovibro 硫酸盐还原菌desulfuration 脱硫desulfurization catalyst 脱硫催化剂desulfurizer 脱硫塔desulphovibrio 脱硫弧菌desulphurization 脱硫desulphurize 脱硫devulcanizing 脱硫的diethyl thiourea 二乙基硫脲dihydrazine sulfate 硫酸二联氨酯dimethyl sulfide 甲硫醚direct desulfurization 直接脱硫disulfate 焦硫酸盐；硫酸氢盐disulfide 二硫化物dithiocarbamate 二硫代氨基甲酸酯dithiocarbonate 二硫代碳酸盐dithioglycidol 二硫代缩水甘油dithionic acid 连二硫酸doctor negative 低硫的doctor positive 高硫的doctor solution 试硫液doctor sweet 脱除硫醇的石油产品doctor test 检硫醇试验dodecyl mercaptans 十二烷硫醇elemental sulfur 元素硫elementary sulfur 元素硫enargite 硫砷铜矿Eshka method 埃斯卡测硫法ethyl mercaptan 乙硫醇ethyl sulfuric acid 乙基硫酸fatty acid sulfate 脂肪酸硫酸酯ferric sulfate 硫酸铁ferric sulfide 硫化铁ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁ferrous sulfide 硫化亚铁ferrous sulphate 硫酸亚铁flue gas desulfurization process 烟道气脱硫过程formolite number 硫酸甲醛值free sulfur 单体硫fuming sulfuric acid 发烟硫酸gas cure 气体硫化gas sweetening 天然气脱硫gersdorffite 砷硫镍矿glazier's salt 硫酸钾GR-P 聚硫橡胶harbolite 硫氢氮沥青HDS 加氢脱硫high sulfate-resistant cement 高抗硫水泥high-sulpur crude 高含硫原油hydrodesulfurization 加氢脱硫过程hydrodesulphurization 加氢脱硫hydrogen sulfide corrosion 硫化氢腐蚀hydrogen sulfide detector 硫化氢探测器hydrogen sulfide stripping 硫化氢脱除hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢hydrosulfate 硫酸氢盐hydrosulfide 氢硫化物hydrosulfite 亚硫酸氢盐hydrosulphite formaldehyde 连二亚硫酸钠甲醛hydroxylamine sulfate 羟胺硫酸盐hyposulfite 连二亚硫酸盐indirect desulfurization 间接脱硫iron protosulfide 硫化亚铁iron sulfide 硫化铁ironic sulfate 硫酸铁isosulfur map 等含硫值图jamesonite 脆硫锑铅矿juvenile hydrogen sulfide 深源硫化氢kerite 硫沥青；沥青类kieserite 水镁矾；硫镁矾lamp test 灯法定硫试验latiumite 硫硅碱钙石lauryl mercaptan 月桂基硫醇lauryl sulfate 月桂烷硫酸酯lignosulfite 亚硫酸纸浆废液low sulfur waxy residue 低硫含蜡渣油low-sulphur crude 低硫原油magnesium sulphate 硫酸镁mayberyite 富硫石油mercaptal 缩硫醛mercaptan sulfur 硫醇硫mercaptan 硫醇mercaptide 硫醇盐mercaptol 缩硫醇metabisulphite 偏亚硫酸氢盐methionine 甲硫氨酸methyl mercaptan 甲硫醇microbial desulfurization 微生物脱硫moderate sulfate-resistant type 中等抗硫酸盐型molybdenum disulfide 二硫化钼monocyclic sulfide 单环硫化物MSR 中等抗硫酸盐型mundic 磁性硫化铁nitrosyl-sulfuric acid 亚硝基硫酸non-sulfur modified polychloroprene rubber 非硫调氯丁橡胶non-sulfur vulcanization 非硫硫化oleum 发烟硫酸one-component polysulfide sealant 单组分聚硫密封剂onozote 加填料的硫化橡胶organic sulfide 有机硫化物organic sulfur 有机硫organosulfur emission 有机硫排放物overvulcanization 过度硫化oxidation sweetening 氧化脱硫permissible sulphur 允许含硫量persulfate 过硫酸盐polyphenylene sulfide 聚苯硫polysulfide 多硫化合物potassium persulfate 过硫酸钾presulfided catalyst 经预硫化的催化剂presulfiding of catalyst 催化剂预硫化presulfurization 预硫化quisqueite 高硫钒沥青；硫沥青realgar 鸡冠石；雄黄；二硫化二砷reduced crude direct desulfurization process 重油直接脱硫过程revultex 浓缩硫化乳胶rhodanate 硫氰酸盐roman vitrilo 硫酸铜RTV 室温硫化S 硫scorching 过早硫化；灼热的；烧焦似的selexol process 天然气脱硫skunk oil 含硫原油smeller 地质学家；含硫气井sodium bisulfite 亚硫酸氢钠sodium hydrosulfite 连二亚硫酸钠sodium sulfate 硫酸钠sodium sulfide 硫化钠sodium sulfite 亚硫酸钠sodium sulfocyanate 硫氰酸钠sodium sulphate 硫酸钠sodium sulphide 硫化钠sodium sulphite 亚硫酸钠sodium thiocyanate 硫氰酸钠sodium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸钠solar-powered H 2S analyzer 太阳能硫化氢分析仪sour corrosion 含硫腐蚀sour crude oil 含硫原油sour crude 含硫原油sour formation 含硫层sour gas line pipe 含硫气体管线管sour gas well 含硫气井sour gas 含硫气sour product 含硫油品sour water stripping 含硫污水汽提sour water 含硫污水sour well 含硫井SRB 硫酸盐还原菌SSC 硫化物应力裂纹stack desulfurization 排烟脱硫stick sulfur 棒状硫磺stink damp 硫化氢气strontium sulfate scale 硫酸锶垢strontium sulfate 硫酸锶Su 硫sulf-=sulfa- 或sulfo- 硫的sulfaldehyde 硫醛sulfamide 硫酰胺；磺酰胺sulfate ash 硫酸化灰分sulfate ion 硫酸根离子sulfate reducers 硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducing bacteria 硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reduction 硫酸盐还原sulfate residue test 硫酸化残渣试验sulfate resistant cement 抗硫酸盐水泥sulfate scale 硫酸盐垢sulfate 硫酸盐；硫酸酯sulfate-sodium type 硫酸钠水型sulfation 硫化作用；硫酸化sulfidal 胶状硫sulfidation corrosion 硫蚀sulfidation 硫化sulfide embrittlement 硫化氢致脆sulfide 硫化物sulfide-stress cracking 硫化物应力腐蚀开裂sulfidization 硫化sulfinyl 亚硫酰基sulfite 亚硫酸盐；亚硫酸酯sulfo- 硫代；磺基sulfocompound 含硫化合物sulfoether 硫醚sulforhodanide 硫氰酸盐sulfur by bomb method 氧弹法测定的硫含量sulfur content by Schoeninger 申宁格法测定的硫含量sulfur content 含硫量sulfur corrosion 硫腐蚀sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫sulfur elimination 脱硫；去硫sulfur ether 硫醚sulfur group 硫族sulfur hexafluoride 六氟化硫sulfur isotope ratio 硫同位素比值sulfur oxide 硫的氧化物sulfur recovery facility 硫磺回收装置sulfur recovery 硫回收sulfur removal 脱硫sulfur transfer catalyst 硫转移催化剂sulfur trioxide 三氧化硫sulfur 硫；用硫处理；用亚硫酸盐处理；用硫磺烟熏sulfur-bearing oil 含硫石油sulfur-coated urea 含硫尿素sulfur-free 不含硫的sulfur-phosphorous type additive 硫磷型添加剂sulfurated 加硫的；硫化的sulfuration 硫化作用sulfurator 硫磺熏蒸器sulfuret 硫化物；硫醚；硫化sulfuretted hydrogen 硫化氢sulfuric acid alkylation process 硫酸烷基化过程sulfuric acid process 硫酸法sulfuric acid 硫酸sulfuric anhydride 三氧化硫sulfurized base oil 含硫原油sulfurizing 渗硫sulfurous acid 亚硫酸sulfurous fuel 含硫燃料sulfurous gas 含硫气体sulphate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀sulphate reducing bacteria 硫酸盐还原菌sulphate salinity 硫酸盐矿化度sulphate-ethoxylated alcohols 乙氧基化醇类的硫酸盐；乙氧基化醇类的硫酸酯sulphate-resistant cement 抗硫酸盐水泥sulphating 硫酸盐化；硫酸酯化sulphide attack 硫化物的腐蚀作用sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulpho-aluminous cement 硫酸铝水泥sulphur dioxide 二氧化硫sulphur removal 除硫sulphur 硫sulphur-bearing crude 含硫原油sulphurate 加硫；硫化sulphureous 硫的；含硫的sulphuretted 硫化的sulphuric acid 硫酸sulphuric dioxide 二氧化硫sulphurized lubricant 含硫润滑剂sulphurizing 渗硫sulphurous acid 亚硫酸sweet corrosion 无硫腐蚀sweet crude oil 无硫原油sweet dry gas 脱硫干气sweet gas 无硫气；低硫气sweet oil 无硫油；低硫油品sweet well 低硫井sweet 甜的；新鲜的；脱去硫的油品sweetener 脱硫设备sweetening 脱硫；脱臭tert-butyl mercaptan 叔丁基硫醇thiacyclopentane 硫杂环戊烷thio 含硫的thioalcohol 硫醇thiocarbamide 硫脲thiocyanate 硫氰酸盐thioelaterite 硫弹性沥青thioester 硫酯thioether 硫醚thiogenic bacteria 产硫细菌thiokerite 九硫沥青thiokol 聚硫橡胶thiol 硫醇thionyl 亚硫酸基thiophenic sulfur 噻吩硫thiophenol 硫酚thiophile 新硫的thioretinite 含硫树脂thiosulfate 硫代硫酸盐thiosulfuric acid 硫代硫酸thiourea type accelerator 硫脲素促进剂thiourea 硫脲thiourea-formaldehyde precondensate 硫脲甲醛预缩物trinascol 稠硫沥青石油trinkerite 富硫树脂trisulfide 三硫化物tscherwinskite 贫硫沥青tschirwinskite 含硫沥青ullmanite 锑硫镍矿undercuring 欠处理；欠硫化；欠熟velikhovite 氮硫沥青vishnevite 硫碱钙霞石vitriol 硫酸盐；矶；硫酸；刻薄vitriolic acid 硫酸vitriolization 硫酸处理；溶于硫酸volcanite 火山岩；歪辉安山岩；辉石；含硒硫磺VR 硫化橡胶vulcanizate 硫化产品；硫化橡胶vulcanization accelerator 硫化促进剂vulcanization activator 硫化活化剂vulcanization of rubber 橡胶硫化vulcanization retardant 硫化延缓剂vulcanization 硫化；硬化；热补vulcanizator 硫化剂vulcanized rubber 硫化橡胶vulcanizer 硫化剂vulcanizing agent 硫化剂vulcanizing ingredient 硫化配合剂vultex 硫化胶乳weidgerite 硫弹沥青wetherilite 硫弹沥青wiedgerite 硫弹沥青wischnewite 硫碱钙霞石zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamate 二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate 二烷基二硫代磷酸锌4-石油专业词汇2AMGP 墨西哥石油地质家协会Amoco International Oil Co. 阿莫科国际石油公司ancestral petroleum 原石油AOCS 美国石油化学家学会AOGA 阿拉斯加石油与天然气协会APEA 澳大利亚石油勘探协会API Bull 美国石油学会通报API Chain 美国石油学会标准链条API connection 美国石油学会标准接头API degree 美国石油学会规定之原油重度API drill pipe thread 美国石油学会标准钻杆螺纹API hydrometer 美国石油学会液体比重计API PSD 美国石油学会石油安全数据API Pub 美国石油学会出版物API Rp 美国石油学会推荐作法API separator 美国石油学会标准分离器API Spec 美国石油学会规范API standard grid presentation 美国石油学会标准测井曲线网格图API Std 美国石油学会标准API test procedure 美国石油学会试验程序API tolerance 美国石油学会公差API tubing thread 美国石油学会油管螺纹API 美国石油学会APIC 美国石油工业委员会APIGU 美国石油学会伽马测井标准单位APINU 美国石油学会中子测井标准单位APOA 北极石油经营者协会APPI 亚洲石油价格指数APRT 预收石油收入税Arab Petroleum Congress 阿拉伯石油会议Arabian Oil Co. Ltd. 阿拉伯石油有限公司araeo picnometer 石油比重计arctic oil 北极地区用油；靠近北极区开采的石油aromatic petroleum solvent 芳族石油溶剂ARTEP 石油开采技术研究协会artificial asphalt 人造石油沥青ASCOPE 东南亚国家联盟石油理事会ASPG 阿尔伯达石油地质家学会asphalt base petroleum 沥青基石油ASSOPO 海运和海上石油作业安全自动化Banoco 巴林国家石油公司base royalty 石油产地使用费bergbalsam 石油black gold of Transylvania 石油black gold 石油bloom 花；兴旺时期；石油荧光；喷霜blue sky peddler 不倦的石油业发起人BO 石油桶数boom town 石油城；发展快的城市BP 英国石油公司Brazilian Petroleum Co. 巴西石油公司British Petroleum Company p.l.c. 英国石油公司brown petroleum 褐石油bubble point oil 饱和石油bulk plant 油库；石油销售站burning waters 石油CALTEX 加利福尼亚-得克萨斯石油公司cheap oil 廉价石油chemofining 石油加工化学；石油化学合成China National Offshore Oil Corp. 中国海洋石油总公司China National Petroleum Corp. 中国石油天然气总公司China PetroChemical Corporation 中国石油化工总公司CNOGEDC 中国石油天然气勘探开发公司CNOOC 中国海洋石油总公司Code API 美国石油学会的标准cold-test oil 低凝点石油Compaynie Francaise des Petroles 法国石油公司conventional oil 常规石油COOLC 中国海洋石油测井公司coplusory oil stock obligations 强制石油储备Council of Petroleum Accountants Societies of North America 北美石油会计协会CPS 中国石油学会CSPG 加拿大石油地质学家学会cut oil 乳化石油dark petroleum oils 暗色石油油料degraded oil 降解石油Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap a.s. 挪威国家石油公司doctor sweet 脱除硫醇的石油产品dollar oil 美元石油domestic oil 国产石油EAPG 欧洲石油地学家和工程师协会EAPG 欧洲石油地质学家协会Eastern oil 美国东部石油公司economically recoverable oil 经济上有开采价值的石油Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. 埃及石油总公司ESSO Oil 埃索石油公司exploitable oil 可采石油field control of petroleum products 石油产品质量的现场控制fixed designation of standard test 石油产品标准试验法编号FOCB 联邦石油储备局fossil oil 石油freak oil 非商品性石油产品；中间产品freak stocks 非商品性石油产品fresh oil 新采石油gas family 石油气族gas liquids 液化石油气gas-oil fluid viscosity 含溶解气石油的粘度general petrochemical works 石油化工总厂genesis of oil 石油的成因geoline 凡士林；石油Gulf Oil Corporation 海湾石油公司gushing gold 石油habitat of oil 石油产地heavy asphalt crude 沥青基重质石油home petroleum industry 本国石油工业hybrid-base oil 混合基石油hydrocarbon black 石油炭黑IFP 法国石油研究院IFPCW 国际石油及化学工作者联合会IMF Petroleum Fund 国际货币基金组织石油基金immature oil 不成熟石油in-situ oil viscosity 地下石油粘度inactive oil 不旋光石油Independent Oil Company 独立石油公司Independents 独立石油公司index of oil price 石油价格指数initial oil in place 原始石油地质储量inoil payment 以石油支付inspissated oil 风化石油Institute of Petroleum 石油学会integrated oil company 一体化石油公司International Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers 国际石油及化学工作者联合会international oil cartel 国际石油卡特尔International Petroleum Exchange 国际石油交易所international petroleum market 国际石油市场Interstate Oil Compact Commission 州际石油契约委员会Interstate Oil Compact 州际石油协议IOCC 州际石油契约委员会IOIP 石油地质储量IOSA 国际石油勘查者协会IP 石油学会IPA 美国独立石油协会IPAA 美国独立石油公司协会IPE 国际石油百科全书IPE 国际石油展览会IPEC 非欧佩克石油输出国IPIECA 国际石油工业环境保护协会IPT 石油工艺师学会Iraq National Oil Co. 伊拉克国家石油公司ISPG 沉积和石油地质研究所Japan National Oil Corporation 日本石油公司JPI 日本石油学会JPT 石油工艺杂志jug 检波器；水罐；小型地震仪；储存天然气或其它石油产品的垂直溶洞KOC 科威特石油公司KPC 科威特石油公司Kuwait National Petroleum Company 科威特国家石油公司L.O.O.P 路易斯安那州海上石油港L.P. 石油醚Libyan National Oil Corporation 利比亚国家石油公司ligarine 石油醚light petroleum 石油醚liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气live oil 含气石油losses of petroleum products 石油产品损耗low-density oil 轻质石油low-grade oil 低级石油LPG 液化石油气LPG-air mixtures 液化石油气与空气混合物LPGA 液化石油气协会mahogany sulfonate 石油磺酸盐Major Oil Company 国际大石油公司malthenes 石油脂manus tester 石油闪点测定器marine oil 海洋石油marine petroleum exploitation 海洋石油开采markovnikite 富萘石油mayberyite 富硫石油methane oil 甲烷族石油micrococcus petrol 石油菌migration of oil 石油的运移migratory oil 运移的石油mineral earthoil 石油mineral ether 石油醚mineral spirit 石油溶剂油Ministry of Petroleum Industry 石油工业部mixed asphaltic base oil 混合沥青基石油mixed base oil 混合基石油mixed oil drilling rig 复合式石油钻井钻机Mobil Oil Corp. 美孚石油公司mother oil 原生石油N.P.I. 国家石油学会N.P.R.A. 全国石油炼油商协会NACOPS 国家石油统计咨询委员会naphthabitumen 石油沥青naphthenic base oil 环烷基石油naphthology 石油学nascent oil 初生石油National Congress of Petroleum Retailers 全国石油零售商协会National Iranian Oil Co. 伊朗国家石油公司National Oil Company 国家石油公司National Oil Marketers Association 全国石油批发商协会National Petroleum Refiners Association 全国石油炼制者协会national petroleum reserve 国家石油储备needle coke 针状结晶石油焦neo-petroleum 新生石油NGPA 加拿大天然气和石油协会NIPER 国家石油和能源研究所NLPGA 全国液化石油气协会non-API tubing 非美国石油学会标准油管non-API tubular 非美国石油学会标准管材non-asphaltic base oil 非沥青基石油non-paraffinous oil 不含蜡石油nonoil 非石油的nonrecoverable oil 不可采出的石油NPA color 美国石油协会色度NPA 全国石油协会NPC 全国石油委员会NPD 挪威石油董事会NPR 海军石油储备NPRA 阿拉斯加国家石油储备NPS 挪威石油学会NPX 美国石油实验法O 石油OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Occidental Petroleum Corporation 西方石油公司OCTG 石油管材OF 石油燃料off-test product 未经检验的石油产品offshore oil exploitation 海上石油开采offshore oil 海上石油offshore petroleum resources 海洋石油资源OGDC 石油和天然气开发公司OIC 石油工业委员会OIC 石油信息委员会OIIC 石油工业情报委员会OIIP 石油地质储量oil accumulation 石油积聚oil asphalt 石油沥青oil base 油基；石油特性oil boom 拦油栅；石油热oil boycott 石油抵制oil broker 石油经纪人oil cold test 石油产品浊点或凝固点测定oil company 石油公司oil concession 石油特许权oil conservation 石油资源保护oil consuming countries 石油消费国oil country tubular goods 石油管材oil crisis 石油危机oil deficit 石油逆差oil dehydrating 石油脱水oil dehydrator 石油脱水器oil delivery 石油输送oil demand 石油需求oil deposit 石油矿床oil development 石油开发oil dewaxing 石油脱蜡oil distillate 石油馏分oil dollar 石油美元oil embargo 石油禁运oil emplacement 石油侵位oil engineer 石油工程师oil entrapment 石油捕集作用oil equipment 石油设备oil exchange 石油交易所oil exploration 石油勘探oil exportiog countries 石油出口国oil extraction 石油抽提oil finder 石油勘探工作者oil fire 石油火焰；石油燃烧造成的火灾oil fuel 石油燃料oil gas tar 石油裂解焦油oil gas 石油裂解气oil gasification 石油气化oil gauge 油表；油尺；油面指示器；石油比重计oil generation zone 石油生成带oil generation 石油生成oil genesis 石油成因oil geology 石油地质oil glut 石油过剩oil gradient line 石油梯度线oil hydrometer 石油比重测定仪oil in reserve 储存油；尚未能利用的石油储量oil in situ 原地石油储量oil indication 石油显示oil industry 石油工业oil initially in place 原始石油地质储量oil jetty 石油码头oil magnate 石油大王oil market simulation 石油市场模拟oil marketer 石油销售商oil measurement 石油计量oil meter 石油计量器oil migration 石油运移oil mining method 石油采矿法oil money 石油资金oil origin 石油成因oil package 石油产品容器oil patch 含油岩屑；油斑；石油勘探、开采和油田管道铺设所涉及的地域；油田oil payment 产量提成；以石油支付oil permit 石油装载许可证oil pitch 石油沥青oil pollution 石油污染oil potential 潜在石油储量oil power 石油动力；石油动力机oil producer 石油生产商；产油井oil product 石油产品oil production 石油开采；采油量oil promoter 石油推销人；卖油再钻新井油商oil properties 石油性质oil prospecting 石油勘探oil puncher 石油经纪商oil reserves 石油储量oil resources 石油资源oil royalty 石油矿区使用费oil search 石油普查oil selfsufficiency 石油自给oil share markets 石油股票市场oil shock 石油冲击oil shortage 石油不足oil shrinkage loss 石油收缩损失oil shrinkage 石油收缩oil stock market 石油股票市场oil storage 石油储存；储油库oil storing 石油储存oil trap 石油圈闭；隔油池oil vapour 石油蒸汽oil weapon 石油武器oil 油；石油oil-fuel depot 石油燃料库oil-impregnation 石油浸染oil-rich 富含石油的oil-transferring 石油输送；油传送OIP 石油地质储量OLC 近海石油后勤会议OMS 石油市场模拟onshore oil terminal 陆岸石油集输终端OOIP 原始石油地质储量OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleun Exporting Countries 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织origin of oil 石油成因origin of petroleum 石油生成original oil volume factor 原始石油体积系数P.A.D. 国防石油管理局P.D.S. 石油数据系统Pan Am. 泛美石油公司paper barrel 纸面石油PAW 战时石油管理PCWPC 世界石油会议常设理事会PE 石油工程师Pennzoil Co. 宾索石油公司Permanent Council of the World Petroleum Congress 世界石油会议常设理事会PES 石油工程学会PESA 石油设备供应商协会pet 石油Pet.Engr. 石油工程师pet.pord 石油产品petro-technology 石油技术petrobitumen 石油沥青PetroCanada 加拿大石油公司petrochemical complex 石油化工petrochemical equipment 石油化工设备petrochemical plant 石油化工厂petrochemical process 石油化工过程petrochemical processing 石油化学加工petrochemical unit 石油化工装置petrochemical waste disposal 石油化学废料处置petrochemical 岩石化学的；石油化学的；石油化学产品petrochemicals 石油化学产品petrochemistry 岩石化学；石油化学petrodollars 石油美元petrogenic gas 石油气petrolene 石油烯；软沥青Petroleos Mexicanos 墨西哥石油公司petroleum accumulation 石油聚集petroleum additive 石油添加剂petroleum aromatics 石油芳烃petroleum asphalt 石油沥青petroleum base rust preventive 石油基防锈剂petroleum base 石油基petroleum benzine 石油醚petroleum bitumen 石油沥青petroleum black 石油烟黑petroleum bloom 石油萤光petroleum chemicals 石油化学品petroleum cloud point tester 石油浊点测定仪petroleum coal 固体石油petroleum coke 石油焦petroleum composition 石油组成petroleum contract 石油合同petroleum convertibility 石油可逆性petroleum cuts 石油馏分petroleum demand 石油需求petroleum derivative 石油衍生物petroleum drilling 石油钻井petroleum emulsion breaker 石油破乳装置petroleum energy elasticity 石油能源弹性值petroleum engineer 石油工程师petroleum engineering economics 石油工程经济学petroleum engineering 石油工程petroleum ester 石油酯petroleum ether insolubles 石油醚不溶物petroleum ether 石油醚petroleum exhaust 石油废气petroleum exploration hydrodynamics 石油勘探流体动力学petroleum exploration-oriented hydrodynamic evaluation 石油勘探水动力评价petroleum fermentation process 石油发酵过程petroleum fermentation 石油发酵petroleum fraction 石油馏分petroleum gas oil 石油气体油petroleum gas 石油气petroleum genesis 石油形成petroleum geochemistry 石油地球化学petroleum geologist 石油地质学家petroleum geology 石油地质学petroleum geophysics 石油地球物理学petroleum hydrocarbon 石油烃petroleum hydrogeology 石油水文地质学petroleum industry 石油工业petroleum jelly 石油膏petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学petroleum microorganism 石油微生物petroleum migration 石油运移petroleum mining machinery 石油机械petroleum nitrogen base 石油中的含氮碱petroleum operation 石油作业petroleum origin 石油生成petroleum pipe line 石油管道petroleum pitch enamel 石油沥青漆petroleum processing 石油加工petroleum production act 石油生产法petroleum products 石油产品petroleum prospecting 石油勘探petroleum refinery 石油炼厂petroleum refining 石油加工petroleum regulation 石油管理法规petroleum reserves 石油储量petroleum resin 石油树脂petroleum resources 石油资源petroleum revenue tax 石油所得税petroleum series 石油系列petroleum solvent 石油溶剂petroleum spirit 石油溶剂petroleum sulfonate flood 石油磺酸盐溶液驱油petroleum transport 石油运输petroleum trap 石油圈闭petroleum vapor 石油蒸气petroleum 石油petroleum-associated water 石油伴生水petroleum-in-place 石油地质储量petroleum-like hydrocarbon 类石油烃petrolic 石油的petroligenic natural gas 石油天然气petrolite 石油岩petrolwum tar sand 含石油沥青的岩石或砂petromoney 石油资金petronol 液体石油脂petroporphyrin 石油卟啉；岩卟啉petropower 石油权力petroprotein 石油蛋白PGRT 石油和天然气收益税Phillips Petroleum Company 菲利普斯石油公司physical oil 实物石油PIB 石油情报局posted oil price 石油标价postlithifaction oil 岩化期后石油prelithifaction oil 岩化期前石油PRI 石油开采学会products pipeline operation 石油成品的顺序输送prospective oil 远景石油储量protopetroleum 原生石油PRT 石油收入税pteroleum base 石油基地rationing of petroleum products 石油产品定量分配real oil losses 实际石油损耗recoverable oil 可采石油remaining recoverable oil in place 地下剩余可采石油reservoir oil viscosity 储层石油粘度rock oil 石油royalty oil 政府拥有的石油saponated petroleum 皂化石油search for oil 勘查石油semi-asphaltic flux 半石油沥青Seven Sisters =Seven Majors 石油七姐妹Shell Oil Co. 壳牌石油公司sherwood oil 石油醚single train LPG plant 单套液化石油气装置Sojuznefteexport 苏联石油机关solid petroleum 固态石油SPD 补充石油税SPE 石油工程师学会specifications API 美国石油学会规范SPEE 石油评价工程师学会sponge coke 海绵状石油焦spot oil market 石油现货市场spot sample 个别试样；代表在容器一定水平面上的石油产品质量的试样SPR 石油战略储备SPR 战略石油储备Standard Oil Co. of California 加利福尼亚美孚石油公司Standard Oil Company 俄亥俄美孚石油公司sterling oil 英磅石油sticky oil 高粘度石油stone oil 石油storage jug 地下液化石油气储穴strategic oil inventory 石油战略储备strategic oil reserve 石油战略储备stripped oil 脱去汽油的石油sulfur-bearing oil 含硫石油supplementary petroleum duty 补充石油税SUPRI 斯坦福大学石油研究所surplus of oil production 石油生产过剩syngenetic oil 同生石油tail of tender 石油成品管输时的尾部tank volume 储罐容积；油罐中油的体积；换算成标准条件下的石油体积Teikoku Oil Co. Ltd. 帝国石油有限公司Tertiary crudes 第三纪石油theory of inorganic origin 石油无机成因说theory of organic origin 石油有机成因说thinned oil 稀释石油TOTAL 道达尔石油公司trading oil 纸面石油transit revenues from oil 石油过境税trapping of oil 石油圈闭作用travel of oil 石油运移trinascol 稠硫沥青石油uncompensated drainage 无赔偿的石油流失underground liquefied petroleum gas storage 地下液化石油气库；液化石油气地下储存unrecovered oil 残留石油vaseline 石油冻；矿脂；凡士林venturaite 富氮石油virgin oil 未开采的石油virgin tank oil 换算成地面条件下的未开采石油warrenite 含石蜡和异构石蜡混合物的气态或液态沥青；石蜡石油wax containing asphalt 含蜡石油沥青wet barrel 实物石油white spirit 石油溶剂WPC 世界石油大会younger oil 初期石油5-现场钻录井词汇（十）常见岩石、矿物、胶结物、元素：岩石：u Magmatite,Magmatic rock（岩浆岩）/Igneous（火成岩），u Plutonic（深成岩）u Gabbro (辉长岩)，u Diabase（辉绿岩）u Diorite (闪长岩)u Basalt (玄武岩)，u Peridotite（橄榄岩）u Andesite (安山岩)，u Granite（花岗岩）u Quartzite（石英岩）u Lamprophyre (煌斑岩)u Breccia（角砾岩）u Metamorphic（变质岩）u Gneiss (片麻岩)u Schist（片岩）u Slate（板岩）u Argillite（泥质板岩、厚层泥岩）u Sedimentary rock (沉积岩)u Clastic（碎屑岩）u Conglomerate（砾岩）/Gravel（砾岩、砂砾、碎石）u Breccia（角砾岩）u Boulder（巨砾）。
地质学常用中英文词汇对照表(按章节)
阐述expound(explain),state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate,certify,attest证实confirmation补偿compensate,make up,imburse组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳定性评价stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer,stratum1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic地形land form地貌geomorphology,relief地貌单元landform unit,geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course,fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature,karst landform 溶洞solution cave,karst cave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性lithologic character,rock property岩层bed stratum岩层layer,rock stratum母岩matrix,parent rock相变facies change 硬质岩strong rock,film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base(batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite流纹岩rhyolite闪长岩diorite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt橄榄岩dunite火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)软泥ooze淤泥mire,oozed mud,sludge,warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits,colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble3地质构造地质构造geologic structure大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude,orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle,angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall,footwall,lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding,stratification地堑graben地垒horst,fault ridge断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,fault gouge 擦痕stria,striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure,crack微裂隙fine fissure,microscopic fissure 原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy,massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed,interlayer,intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v.&a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent共轭节理conjugated joint透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩屑cuttings,debris薄膜membrane,film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous致密close,compact 构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris,debry固结consolidation4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley,drainage basin流域面积drainage area,river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water,subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous(vapour)water液态水liquid water固态水solid water吸着水hygroscopic(adsorptive)water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水位water level,stage level水头water head含水层aquifer透水层permeable layer,pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge,impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭groundwater ridge孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water,combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test5工程勘察engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance,inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation,boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point(spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum,data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation,appraise评定assessment,assess,rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard,calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地;相关地;相同地。
地质学术语翻译研究
地质学术语翻译研究地质学是研究地球构造、岩石组成、地球表面以及地球历史演化的学科。
在地质学中，有许多专业术语，下面是一些常见的地质学术语及其中文翻译。
1. Plate tectonics 板块构造学2. Volcano 火山3. Earthquake 地震4. Mineral 矿物5. Rock 岩石6. Sediment 沉积物7. Fossil 化石8. Crust 地壳9. Mantle 地幔10. Core 地核11. Continental drift 大陆漂移12. Erosion 侵蚀13. Deposition 沉积14. Weathering 风化15. Fault 断层16. Fold 褶皱17. Igneous rock 火成岩18. Metamorphic rock 变质岩19. Sedimentary rock 沉积岩20. Geologic time scale 地质时代尺度21. Geologic formation 地质层系22. Geologic map 地质图23. Stratigraphy 地层学24. Paleontology 古生物学25. Geomorphology 地貌学26. Geochronology 地质年代学27. Geothermal energy 地热能28. Geologic hazard 地质灾害29. Groundwater 地下水30. Karst landscape 喀斯特地貌这些是常见的地质学术语，其中许多术语在地质学研究、实地考察和学术交流中经常使用。
熟悉这些术语的翻译有助于理解和传播地质学领域的知识。
根据具体的研究内容和背景，还有其他更具专业性的地质学术语，但以上列举的术语是一个很好的起点。
汉英地质学名词
[推荐19][名词委审定]汉英地质学名词(1993)A 型俯冲||A-subductionACF图解||ACF diagramAKF图解||AKF diagramAMF图解||AMF diagramB 型俯冲||B-subductionBABI值||basaltic achondrite best initial; 一般将BABI值作为地球的初始87Sr/86Sr值。
C 面||C-surfaceCDT标准||CDT standard; Canyon Diablo陨石中陨硫铁的硫同位素比值, 作为硫同位素国际标准。
CHUR值||chondritic uniform reservoir; 又称“球粒陨石均一储库”。
C格子||C-latticeF格子||F-lattice, face-centered lattice; 又称“面心格子”。
I格子||I-lattice, body-centered lattice; 又称“体心格子”。
JCPDS卡片||JCPDS card, ASTM diffraction data card; 又称“ASTM粉晶卡片”。
?PDB标准||PDB standard; 碳酸盐中的碳、氧同位素的国际标准, 现已用尽。
R-C网络||R-C networkS 面||S-surfaceS-C 糜棱岩||S-C-myloniteSLAP标准||standard light Antarctic precipitation; 1985年维也纳国际会议建立的三个氧同位素参考标准之一。
SMOW标准||standard mean ocean water; 氢、氧同位素国际标准。
S型构造||S-shaped structureU形谷||U-shaped valley, U-valleyV-SMOW标准||Vienna standard mean ocean water; 1985年维也纳国际会议建立的三个氧同位素参考标准之一。
地质学常用中英文词汇对照表(按章节)
阐述expound(explain), state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate, certify, attest证实confirmation补偿compensate, make up, imburse 组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳定性评价stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer, stratum1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock相变facies change 硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition 产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙）dike岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite流纹岩rhyolite闪长岩diorite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt橄榄岩dunite火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble3地质构造地质构造geologic structure大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent共轭节理conjugated joint透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous致密close, compact 构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water固态水solid water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer透水层permeable layer, pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭groundwater ridge孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test5工程勘察engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot) 勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地。
地质词语 中英对照
地质学词语The present is the key to the past.一.Universe宇宙；Galaxy星系； solar system太阳系（地球外部圈层：atmosphere大气圈；hydrosphere水圈；biosphere生物圈；）lithosphere岩石圈；atmosphere circulation大气环流⚫Mercury（水星）；Venus（金星）；Earth；Mars（火星）；Jupiter（木星）；Saturn（土星）；Uranus（天王星）；Neptune（海王星）；Pluto（冥王星）;Comet彗星；asteroid小行星⚫troposphere（对流层）stratosphere（平流层）mesosphere（中间层）ionosphere （电离层）thermosphere(热层)大地水准面（geoid）1.大陆地形：｛高原（plateau）；丘陵（hill）；平原（plain）｝2.海洋地形：大陆边缘（continental margin）：｛大陆架（continental shelf）；大陆坡（continental slope）大陆基（continentalrise）;岛弧（islandarc）;海沟（trench）｝大洋中脊（mid-oceanic ridge）;大洋盆地（oceanic basin）：｛深海丘陵（abyssal hill）深海平原（abyssal plain）}⚫元素（element）矿物（mineral）光泽（luster）解理（cleavage）硬度（hardness）条痕（streak）⚫岩石（rock）岩浆岩magmatite or Igneous rock;变质岩(metamorphic rock);沉积岩(sedimentary rock)。
⚫gravity重力; gravity anomaly重力场;Bouguer gravity复合重力场； anomaly磁⚫geomagnetic field地磁场; magnetic declination磁偏角; magnetic inclination磁倾角; magnetic anomaly地磁异常;geothermal field地温场geothermal gradient地温梯度; geothermalflow地热流; geothermal anomaly 地热异常;⚫seismic wave地震波：body wave体波 surface wave面波(纵波P wave, 横波S wave);⚫陨石（meteorite）古登堡面（Gutenberg discontinuity）莫霍面（Moho discontinuity）；雷曼界面；康德拉面（Conrad discontinuity）地壳（crust）;地幔（mantle）;地核（core）岩石圈（lithosphere）;软流圈（asthenosphere）⚫geological age地质年代,1.relative age相对地质年代：地层层序律（law of superposition）生物演化律(geological time scale);地质体之间的切割律;2.isotopic age同位素地质年代;⚫fossil化石, stratum地层 (strata；单数),3.地质年代单位：宙eon, 代era, 纪period, 世epoch，期age;时间地层单位：宇eonothem,界erathem,系system,统series,阶stage⚫显生宙：Phanerozoic 元古宙proterozoic(震旦纪Z)⚫古生代Paleozoic（早古生代，晚古生代）｛寒武纪cambrian,O奥陶纪ordovician,S志留纪silurian-早古生代｝D泥盆纪devonian,C石炭纪carboniferous,P二叠纪permian-晚古生代⚫中生代Mesozoic:T三叠纪triassic, J侏罗纪jurassic,K白垩纪cretaceous⚫新生代cenozoic:E古近纪paleogene, N新近纪neogene，二.风化作用weathering物理风化作用Physical weathering化学风化作用Chemical weathering风生物风化作用Biological weathering ;溶解作用(solution)氧化作用(oxidation);根劈作用Root wedging,differential weathering差异化spheroidal weathering球形风化Sequence of migration of elements元素迁移系列eluvium残积物, crust of weathering风化壳paleocrust of weathering古风化壳Sheet flow片流，flood flow洪流sheetwash片流洗刷作用•Proluvial fan洪积扇，slope wash坡积物1.vertical erosion下蚀作用：（瀑布water fall,深潭,向源侵蚀,河流的袭夺,base level of erosion河流的侵蚀基准面）teral erosion侧蚀作用：（河曲，蛇曲、自由河曲，牛轭湖）Laminar flow层流,turbulent flow紊流,circular current环流River valley河谷,drainage system deltaVertical erosion, lateral erosionBase level of erosion, River captureMeander, cut-off, ox-bow lake,Alluvium, flood plain,underground water地下水:[water of containing包气带水；phreatic water潜水；confined water承压水]⚫underground erosion潜蚀作用; underground river;⚫karst喀斯特地形（岩溶地形）; stone forest石林; karst cave透水层（permeable bed）含水层（aquifer）不透水层或隔水层impervious bed;ploughing刨蚀作用:方式有：挖掘作用plouking 磨蚀作用abrasion⚫glacier冰川；continental glacier大陆冰川;mountain glaciar山岳冰川⚫glacial valley冰蚀谷; horn角峰; cirque冰斗； arete鳍脊；ploughing depression冰蚀洼地；⚫moraine冰啧物; terminal moraine终～;lateral morain侧～; drumlin鼓丘;⚫glacial age冰期; interglacial age间冰期◼sea wave波浪; wave base; tide潮汐; tide current潮流; ocean current洋流;（turbidity current）浊流;littoral zone滨海; neritic zone浅海; bathyal zone半深海;abyssal zone深海;sea notch海蚀凹槽;sea cliff海蚀崖wave cut bench波切台;wave built bench波筑台sea stack海蚀柱;sea arch海蚀穹;Beach潮坪;tidal flat灰质岩; lagoon泻湖;◼Limestone石灰岩; chert硅质岩; organic reef生物礁; coralreef珊瑚礁; reef limestone;◼Fringing reef岸礁; barrier reef堡礁; atoll reef环礁;◼Ooze软泥; turbidite浊流; siliceous ooze硅质软泥;calcareous ooze钙质软泥; red clay红色大洋黏土 manganesenodule锰结核;风蚀作用(aeolian erosion) 吹蚀作用(deflation)磨蚀作用(abrasion)绿洲(oasis)风积物(aeolian deposit)风成沙(aeolian sand) 风成黄土(loess)新月形沙丘(parabolic dune) 纵向沙垄(longitudinal dune)地质作用(geological process)Diagenesis成岩作用; compaction压实作用; cemetation胶结作用; recrystallization重结晶作用;Structure构造; texture结构; bedding层理; bedding planestructure层面构造;Conglomerate砾岩; sandstone砂岩; siltstone粉岩;mudstone泥岩; shale页岩; limestone石灰岩; dolomite白云岩; chert硅质岩; volcanic breccia火山砾岩; tuff凝灰岩;三．产状；产状要素：走向(strike)Stratum地层；attitude产状；产状要素：倾向(dip)倾角(dip angle)Horizontal stratum水平岩层;inclined stratum倾斜岩层;vertical stratum直立岩层;◼Tectonic movement构造运动：cal movement升降运动；zontal movement水平运动;paleotectonis古构造运动，neotectonism新构造运动整合接触conformity;不整合接触关系unconformity:(disconformity平行不整合angular unconformity角度不整合〕◼Fold褶皱；褶皱要素：[core核；limb翼；hinge zone of fold 转折端枢纽；hinge of fold；轴面axial plane]anticlinorium复背斜、synclinorium复向斜、separated block-type fold隔挡式褶皱、separated trough-type fold隔槽式褶皱。
地质词汇(汉英)
汉英水文气象地质词汇板块plate (英汉常用地质学词汇)伴生矿物accompying mineral (北东北north northeast北北东north northeast北北西north northeast北偏东north by east北偏西north by west北西北north northeast北极Northh Pole北极光Northern Lights北极星North Star贝壳shell贝壳壮conchoidal (英汉常用地质学词汇)变形交错层理deformed cross-bedding (英汉常用地质学词汇)标准贯入试验孔standard penetration test hole表土topsoil (广东省勘察设计院)不均匀沉陷differential settlement (英汉常用地质学词汇)不透水层confining stratum (英汉常用地质学词汇)不液化土层理bedding场地类别场地土沉积层sedimentary strata(广东省勘察设计院)成因类型genetic type持力层冲积土alluvium (英汉常用地质学词汇)错位构造dislocation structure (英汉常用地质学词汇)大沽高程Dagu altitude等高线contour line (英汉常用地质学词汇)等高线图contour map (英汉常用地质学词汇)等温层homothermy等效剪切波速值地表浅层潜水surface shallow layer地层stratum (英汉土木工程辞海)地层年代地基土foundation soil地形图topographic map (英汉土木工程辞海)地势terrain; geographical features (英汉土木工程辞海)√地质年代geologic time （美国传统词典）(英汉常用地质学词汇)√地质地层geological stratigraphy (欧洲标准)第四纪沉积Quaternary deposit (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)第四纪沉积、洪积层quaternary alluvial-proluvial layer (南海石化项目招标书) 第四系quaternary; quaternary system (汉英地质大词典)第四系松散堆积层quaternary system第I相浅海相沉积层顶板apical plate；hanger；hanging layer；hat；stegidium；top layer；upper plate (汉英地质大词典)顶板标高顶板高度roof elevation?东北偏北northeast by north东北方向northeastward东东北ENE = east northeast东东南ESE = east southeast东南偏东southeast by east东南偏南east by north东偏北east by north东偏南east by south冻胀性土swelling soil断层fault堆积层分级荷重压缩模量粉砂silty sand (广东省勘察设计院)；silt (汉英常用地质词汇)√粉砂壤土silty soils (欧洲标准)粉砂粘土silty clay (广东省勘察设计院)粉土silt (汉英建筑大词典); silty soil (汉英建筑大词典)粉土层silt stratum (英汉汉英电力工程技术词典)√粉质粘土silty clay (汉英建筑工程词典) (英汉道路工程词汇)(南海石化项目招标书)粉油砂powdery kir风成的,风积的eolian风化wearing风蚀eolation盖层covering strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)高程系数elevation factor (英汉常用地质学词汇)工程地质层工程地质亚层engineering geology(汉英建筑工程词典)河漫滩alluvial flat (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)海漫滩相沉积层海相沉积marine deposit (广东省勘察设计院)海相沉积层marine deposit layer (广东省勘察设计院)寒带frigid zone鉴别孔discrimination hole汉白玉white marble厚度加权平均值灰质粘土adobe (英汉常用地质学词汇)滑动劈理crenulation cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)基槽开挖基本地基加速度基准点datum point (英汉土木工程辞海)基准面base level (英汉常用地质学词汇)击数挤压构造带compressed zone (英汉常用地质学词汇)交错层理cross stratification (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾混合岩agmatite (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾片麻岩agmatitegnesis ? (英汉常用地质学词汇)接地层年代接力变质（作用）constructive metamorphism (英汉常用地质学词汇)解理cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)阶地terrace (英汉常用地质学词汇)界限最大值进尺footage (汉英常用地质词汇)静力触探桩static sounding pile静力触探static sounding, cone penetration静力触探锥尖阻力resistance between static penetrating cores静压预制桩静止水位rest water level勘探点可塑偏软plastic to soft孔口hole top (汉英地质大词典)矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits(英汉常用地质学词汇)流沙drift sand (英汉常用地质学词汇)露头outcrop (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤层coal seam (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤库coal store煤系coal measures(英汉常用地质学词汇)摩阻比friction to resistance ratio南东南south southeast南西南south southwest南偏东south by east南偏西south by west泥炭层peat bed平峒adit (英汉常用地质学词汇)平巷drift (英汉常用地质学词汇)浅海相沉积层shallow marine deposit前寒武纪The Precambrian Era (美国传统词典)浅基础持力层bearing stratum of shallow foundation轻亚粘土light loam坡积物slop wash (广东省勘察设计院)区域地质资料全新统上组第I陆相层河流Holocene(Postglacial) series全新统下组第II陆相沼泽相沉积层全新统中组第I海相扰动地层disturbed strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动土disturbed soil (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动样disturbed sample上更新统epipleistocene (英汉地质大词典) upper Pleistocene series 上更新统三组第IV陆相河床河漫滩相沉积层上更新统四组第II海相滨海潮汐带相沉积层上更新统五组第III相河床河漫滩相沉积始新世Eoocene epoch试验孔test borehole水成岩hydrotogenous rock松散地层ravelly ground （汉英地质大词典）松散堆积层水平层理horizontal bedding素填土土层soil strata(广东省勘察设计院)土工试验soil test土石屑垫层土样soil sample (广东省勘察设计院)物理力学性质西北偏北northwest by north西北偏西northeast by west西偏北west by north西偏南west southwest西西北west northwest西西南west southwest系system (英汉常用地质学词汇)寒武系Cambrian system (英汉常用地质学词汇)下第三纪eogene (period)下降descending (英汉常用地质学词汇)祥查detailed survey (英汉常用地质学词汇)详细勘探detailed exploration (prospecting) (英汉常用地质学词汇)相互作用coaction (英汉常用地质学词汇)新生代Kainozoic era压缩模量compression modulus压缩性土compressible soil亚层subhorizon; sub-layer (广东省勘察设计院)亚粘土clayey soil亚相subfacies (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩土工程技术规范岩土工程勘察规范岩心core (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩心记录drill record (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩性lithology淤泥质粘土soft clay原位测试in-situ measurement原生水juvenile water; connate water (英汉常用地质学词汇) 圆锥贯入试验cone penetration test (CPT) (广东省勘察设计院)圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer (英汉土木工程辞海)云母mica早第三纪eogene (period)蒸发量evaporation discharge中等风化岩moderately weathered rock (广东省勘察设计院)中等压缩性土中软场地土株罗纪Jurassic Period柱状构造columnar structure (英汉常用地质学词汇) 柱状节理columnar jointing (英汉常用地质学词汇) 桩端持力层桩基子样钻机drill rig (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻井记录drill log (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔borehole; drill hole (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔记录borehole records (广东省勘察设计院)钻孔位置borehole location钻孔取样dill hole sampling (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔柱状图drill column (英汉常用地质学词汇)drill hole columnar section (英汉常用地质学词汇) 钻探取样试验孔subsurface sample test hole坐标系coordinate system (英汉常用地质学词汇)褐黄土brownish yellow soil。
地质学常用中英文词汇对照表按章节
引入 introduce into相应的 corresponding概念 conception概论 overview概率 probability概念化 conceptualize宏观的 macroscopic补充 complement规划 plan证明demonstrate, certify, attest证实 confirmation补偿 compensate, make up, imburse 组合式 combined type相互作用 interaction稳定性评价 stability evaluation均质性 homogeneity介质 medium层 layer, stratum1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvial plain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性 lithologic character, rock property 岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film 软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock覆盖层 overburden交错层理 cross bedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals粘土矿物 clay mineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineral composition产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙） dike岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite流纹岩 rhyolite闪长岩 diorite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt橄榄岩 dunite火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的diluvial冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits 崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土 residual clay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 vertical movement水平运动 horizontal movement完整性 perfection(integrity)产状要素 elements of attitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding, stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure原生裂隙 original joint次生裂隙 epigenetic joint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 relief crack碎裂结构 cataclastic texture板状结构 platy structure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane断续的 intermittent共轭节理 conjugated joint透镜状的 lens-shaped a.岩屑 cuttings, debris 薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v.Interbedding n.粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 fault breccia方解石脉 calcite vein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions 大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 subsurface runoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainage area, river basin area汇水面积 catchment area地下水 ground water, subsurface water地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 pore water pressure静水压力 hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 external water pressure内水压力 internal water pressure水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude地下分水岭 groundwater ridge孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water 吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验 packer permeability test5工程勘察 engineering investigation勘测survey勘察阶段investigational stage初步设计 primary design初步规划 preliminary scheme初步勘探 preliminary prospecting初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration 洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding坑探exploring mining槽探trenching 比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point 勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole金刚石钻进diamond drilling6安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型 monitoring and prediction model监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan)事故 accident静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）Evidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地。
地质年代表——中英文版
新太古 代(Ar2) 古太古 代(Ar1)
Archaeozoic
500
3000
800 3800
冥古宙 (HD) 4600
始形成
注：1、表中震旦纪、青白口纪、蓟县纪、 、长城纪，只限于国内使用；原来的早第三纪和晚第三纪分别更名为古近纪和新近纪。
地史单位表
国际性 时间（年代）地层单位 宇 界 系 统 Series 阶 Eonthem Erathem System 上 Upper 中 Middle 下 Lower Stage 时带 Chronozone 世 Epoch 地质（年代）时代单位 宙 代 Eon Era 晚 Late 群 Group 地方性 岩石地层单位
纪 Period 组 Formation 段 层 Member Bed 中 Middle 早 Early 期 Age 时 Chron
地质年代表 (Geological Time Scale)
地质时代、地层单位及其代号 宙(宇) 代(界) 纪(系) 第 四 纪 (Q) Quaternary 世(统) 全新世(Q4/Qh) Holocene 更新世(Q1Q2Q3/Qp) Pleistocene 上新世(N2) 新近纪 (N) Pliocene 中新世(N1) Miocene 渐新世(E3) Oligocene 古近纪 (E) 始新世(E2) Eocene 古新世(E1) Palaeocene 白垩纪(K) 中 生 代 (Mz) Mesozoic 三叠纪(T) Triassic 二叠纪(P) 晚 古 生 代 (Pz2) 泥盆纪(D) Devonian Permian 石炭纪(C) Carboniferous Cretaceous 侏罗纪(J) Jurassic 晚白垩世(K2) 早白垩世(K1) 晚侏罗世(J3) 中侏罗世(J2) 早侏罗世(J1) 晚三叠世(T3) 中三叠世(T2) 早三叠世(T1) 晚二叠世(P2) 早二叠世(P1) 晚石炭世(C3) 中石炭世(C2) 早石炭世(C1) 晚泥盆世(D3) 中泥盆世(D2) 早泥盆世(D1) 晚志留世(S3) 中志留世(S2) 早志留世(S1) 晚奥陶世(O3) 中奥陶世(O2) 早奥陶世(O1) 晚寒武世(∈3) 中寒武世(∈2) 早寒武世(∈1) 230 200 400 400 700 60 570(600) 71 510 30 439 47 409 72 362(355) 联 合 古 陆 形 成 加 里 东 阶 段 硬壳动物繁盛 裸露动物繁盛 真核生 地 台 形 2500 成 普宁 阶段 物出现 (绿藻) 海生 无脊椎 动物 繁盛 藻 类 及 菌 类 繁 盛 地热低平，海水广布， 无脊椎动物极繁，末期 华北升起 浅海广布，生物开始大 量发展 地形不平，冰川广布， 晚期海侵加广 沉积深厚造山变质强 烈，火成岩活动矿产生 成 40 42 250 印 290 支 | 海 西 阶 段 海 西 阶 段 鱼类 繁盛 裸蕨 植物 繁盛 森林发育，腕足类鱼类 极盛，两栖类发育 两栖 动物 繁盛 蕨类 植物 繁盛 73 208 2.82 约 2-3 0.012 同位素年龄(百万年 Ma) 时间间距 距今年龄 构造阶段 大阶段 阶段 人 类 出 2.48(1.64) ( 现 冰川广布，黄土生成 生物演化阶段 动物 植物 中国主要 地质、生物现象
水利水电英汉词汇
水利水电工程地质常用词汇（汉英对照）1.地质年代geological period (2)2.岩性rock character (2)2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit (2)2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock (2)2.3变质岩metamorphic rock (3)2.4 火成岩igneous rocks (5)3.常见矿物mineral (6)4. 颜色(Colour) (7)5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure) (8)5.1岩石结构Rock structure (8)5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure (8)6.地质构造Geological structure (8)6.1断层(fault) (9)6.2褶皱(fold) (9)6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed) (10)6.4结构面性状 (10)7.物理地质现象 (10)7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷 (10)7.2崩塌、滑坡 (11)7.3岩溶(karst) (11)8．水文地质 (11)8.1地下水类型 (11)8．2渗流状态 (11)9．岩体力学指标 (12)9．1岩石力学参数 (12)9．2土力学参数 (12)9.3岩体力学参数 (12)10. 建筑材料(construction material) (12)11. 试验(experiment) (13)12.水工设计(hydraulic design) (15)12.1设计阶段(design stage) (15)12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure) (15)13.地质图件和图表 (17)13.1地质图件 (17)13.2地质图表 (20)14.其它 (26)14.1地形、地貌 (26)14.2 地震 (27)14.3 地应力 (27)14.4 边坡 (29)14.5 基础 (29)14.6 地下硐室 (30)14.7 地质勘探 (32)14.8 测量 (33)14.9 施工 (34)1.地质年代geological period代（界）Era(erathem)新生代（界）cenozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）mesozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）palaeozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）proterozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem) 晚元古代（上元古亚纪）upper proterozoic subera (suberathem) 中元古代（中元古亚纪）middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亚纪）lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)纪（系）Period (system)第四纪（系）quaternary period (system)第三纪（系）tertiary period (system) 晚第三纪（系）neogene period (system)早第三纪（系）neogene (paleogene) period (system) 白垩纪（系）cretaceous period (system) 朱罗纪（系）jurassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）triassic period (system) 二叠纪（系）permian period (system) 石灰纪（系）carboniferous period (system)泥盆纪（系）devonian period (system) 志留纪（系）silurian period (system) 奥陶纪（系）ordovician period (system)寒武纪（系）combrain period (system) 震旦纪（系）sinian period (system) 世（统）epoch (series)全新世（统）holocene epoch (series) 更新世（统）pleistocene epoch (series) 上新世（统）pliocene epoch (series) 中新世（统）miocene epoch (series) 渐新世（统）oligocene epoch (series) 始新世（统）eocene epoch (series) 古新世（统）paleccene epoch (series) 群Group阶（组）Formation2.岩性rock character 2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit堆积物accumulation冲积物alluvium洪积物diluvium坡积物slope wash滑坡堆积物slide sediments 2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock漂石erratic boulder孤石lonestone块石rock block卵石pebble碎石debris砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt砂壤土sandy loam壤土loam淤泥mud粘土clay填筑土backfill砾岩conglomerate砾砂岩conglomeratic sandstone 砾石层gravel砾屑白云岩dolorudite砾屑石灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite(rudyte)砾质灰岩（粗粒状灰岩）rudstone 砾质泥gravelly sand砾质片麻岩psephite-gneiss砾质砂gravelly sand砾质砂泥岩yakatagite砾质岩psephite砂岩sandstone砂质角砾岩sandy breccia砂质角岩arenaceous hornfels砂质砾岩sandy conglomerate砂质泥sandy mud砂质泥灰岩sandy marl砂质粘土sandy clay砂质凝灰岩psammite tuff砂质燧石sandy chert砂质亚粘土barra vermelho砂质岩psammite石英砂岩quartzose sandstone长石砂岩feldspathic岩屑砂岩lithite角砾岩breccia粉砂岩siltstone粘土岩claystone（clay rock）粘土板岩caly slate粘土化斑岩claystone porphyry 粘土泥灰岩clay marl粘土页岩clay shale粘土质粉砂clayey silt粘土质角砾岩clayey breccia粘土质砂clayey sand粘土质砂岩clayey sandstone页岩shale钙质页岩calcareous shale铁质页岩feruginous shale 硅质页岩silious shale炭质页岩carbonaceous shale油页岩kerogen shale( oil shale)灰岩、石灰岩limestone鲕状灰岩oolitic limestone粒状灰岩granular limestone板状灰岩platy limestone泥质灰岩argillaceous limestone 结晶灰岩crystalline limestone 致密灰岩compact limestone生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic limestone 白云岩dolomite白云质灰岩dolomitic limestone 白云石质大理岩dolomitic marble 白云质角岩dolomitic hornfels白云质泥灰岩dolomitic-marl白云质泥岩dolomitic mudstone 白云石粘土质泥灰岩dolomite-clay marl白云石片岩dolomitic schist白云石砂岩doloarenite白云石碳酸岩dolomite carbonatite 白云石质砾岩dolomitic marble 泥灰岩marl泥灰质粘土marly clay泥灰质壤土marlaceous loam泥灰质砂岩marly sandstone2.3变质岩metamorphic rock破碎角砾岩catalastic breccia碎裂岩cataclasite糜棱岩mylonite千枚糜棱岩phyllonite板岩slate角斑岩keratophyre角斑玢岩keratophyrite千枚岩phyllite片岩schist云母片岩mica schist滑石片岩talc schist角闪石片岩amphibole schist蓝闪石片岩glaucophane schist绿岩（绿闪石片岩）noricite片麻岩gneiss流纹片麻岩rhyolite-gneiss大理岩marble钙质白云石大理岩calc-dolomite marble石英岩quartzite变质砂岩metasandstone变质长石砂岩meta-arkose变质大理岩metamarble变质辉长岩metagabbro变质基性岩metabasite变质角闪岩metaamphibolite变质结晶岩metaceystalline变质砾岩metaconglomerate变质泥岩metapelite变质片岩metamorphic schist变质闪长岩metadiorite变质石英岩metaquartzite变质碎屑岩metasedimentary变质碳酸盐岩metamorphic carbonate 变质碳酸岩metacarbonatite变质伟晶岩metapegmatite变质细碧岩metaspilite 变质玄武岩metabasalt变质英安岩eodacite变质正长岩metamorphic syenite 变质粉砂岩metamorphic siltstone 角闪岩(斜长角闪岩) amphibolite角闪片岩amphibolite-schist角闪安山岩hungarite角闪玢岩orbite角闪二辉麻粒岩pyribolites角闪沸煌岩giumarrite角闪钙长岩matraite角闪橄榄岩cortlandtite角闪硅酸岩muglalite角闪花岗岩pladorite角闪辉长岩bojite角闪辉绿玢岩proterobase porphyrite 角闪辉绿岩proterobase角闪辉霞岩mestigmerite榴辉岩eclogite榴辉橄榄岩gordunite榴辉角闪岩eclogite榴辉蓝晶岩grospydite榴辉铁橄岩eulysite辉石岩pyroxenite(pyroxenolite) 辉石安山岩pyroxene andesite辉石粗面岩pyroxene trachyte辉石二长岩pyroxene monzonite 辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 辉石黑云母花岗岩pyroxene-biotite granite辉石黑云母闪长岩pyroxene-biotite diorite辉石花岗岩pyroxene granite辉石辉长岩pyroxene gabbro辉石辉绿岩pyroxene diabase辉石碱性正长岩pyroxene alkali 辉石角闪岩pyroxene hornblendite 辉石麻粒岩pyroxene granulite辉石片麻岩pyroxene gneiss辉石闪长岩pypyroxene diorite辉石石英岩pyroxene quartzite辉石伟晶岩pyroxenite-pegmatite 辉石细晶岩pyroxene aplite辉石岩质蛇纹岩pyroxeneite serpentine辉石英安岩pyroxene dacite辉石正长岩pyroxene syenite 2.4 火成岩igneous rocks橄榄岩peridotite二辉橄榄岩lherzolite辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 角闪橄榄岩hudsonite橄榄辉长岩olivine-gabbro石英辉长岩quartz-gabbro正长辉长岩orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄榄苏长岩hyperite辉绿岩diabase橄榄辉绿岩olivine-diabase石英辉绿岩quartz-diabase拉斑辉绿岩devonite辉长玢岩garrbo-porphyrite玄武岩basalt拉斑玄武岩tholeiite安山玄武岩andesite basalt苦橄玄武岩hillhouse basalt 正长玄武岩basalatite蓝方玄武岩hauynite(hauyne-basalt) 粗粒玄武岩dolerite隐晶玄武岩aphanitic basalt闪长岩diorite石英闪长岩quartz-diorite角闪闪长岩hornblende diorite辉石闪长岩augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山岩andesite安山玄武岩andesite basalt安山拉长岩andesilabradorite安山斑岩andesite-porphyry安山凝灰岩andesite-tuff花岗岩granite花岗闪长岩granodiorite花岗闪长玢岩coroovadite花岗闪长斑岩granodiorite-porphyry 花岗闪长细晶岩granodiorite-aplite 花岗闪长花斑岩granodiorite-granophyre花岗片麻岩granitic gneiss花岗斑岩granite-porphyry流纹岩rhyolite, liparite流纹安山岩rhyoandesite流纹斑岩liparophyre流纹玄武岩rhyobasalt流纹英安岩rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安岩dacite, quartz andesite 英安安山岩dacite-andesite英安斑岩dacite-porphyrite英安流纹岩dacite-liparite正长岩syenite, sinaite正长斑岩syenite-porphyry,orthophyre, orthofelsite正长花岗岩syengranite正长煌斑岩syenite lamprophyre 正长白云岩krivoserite正长辉长岩syenogabbro正长辉绿岩orthobase正长流纹岩kanzibite正长片麻岩syenite gneiss正长片岩syenite-schist正长闪长岩syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正长岩nepheline syenite霞石正长细晶岩nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正长伟晶岩nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山岩nepheline andesite霞石斑岩nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安岩tautirite霞石粗面岩nepheline trachyte霞石二长岩nepheline monzonite 霞石辉长岩nepheline gabbro霞石辉石岩nepheline-pyroxene rocks 霞石闪长岩nepheline diorite霞响岩nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武岩nepheline tachylite霞石岩nephelinoith响岩phonolite响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 向霞岩grazinite响质岩phonolitoid响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 煌斑岩lamprophyre煌斑花岗岩lamprophyre-granite 煌斑片岩lamproschist 煌斑正长岩lamprosyenite云母煌斑岩mica-lapmrophyre云煌岩minette闪辉煌斑岩garganite闪辉正煌岩vogesite闪斜煌斑岩spessartite细晶岩aplite辉长细晶岩beerbachite,gabbro-aplite 闪长细晶岩diorite-aplite斜长细晶岩plagiaplite花岗细晶岩granite-aplite辉长伟晶岩gabbro-pegmatite花岗伟晶岩granite- pegmatite正长伟晶岩syenite-pegmatite火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock凝灰岩tuff3.常见矿物mineral滑石talc叶腊石pyrophyllite蒙脱石montmorillonite蛭石vermiculite高岭石kaolinitic水云母hydromica石墨graphite硫sulfur褐铁矿limonite石膏gypsum绿泥石chlorite岩盐halite海绿石glauconite黑云母biotite白云母muscovite软锰矿manganese dioxide铝土矿bauxite蛇纹石serpentine自然金natural gold方解石calcite硬石膏anhydrite重晶石barytes白云石dolomite黄铜矿chalcopyrite闪锌矿blende文石aragonite孔雀石malachite菱镁矿magnesite菱铁矿siderite萤石fluorite硅灰石wollastonite磷灰石apatite兰晶石disthene普通角闪石hornblende 普通辉石augite斜方辉石orthopyroxene 透辉石diopside榍石titanite蛋白石opal钛铁矿ilmenite霞石nepheline透闪石tremolite阳起石actinolite白榴石leucite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite透长石sinidine正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase黄铁矿pyrite绿帘石epidote 绿泥石chlorite符山石egeran橄榄石olivine石英quartz锆石zircon电气石tourmaline红柱石andalusite绿柱石beryl堇青石cordierite十字石staurolite黄玉topaz刚玉corundum金刚石diamond伊利石illite glimmerton 4. 颜色(Colour)粉红色pink橙红色salmon pink浅粉红色baby pink鲜粉红色shocking pink 褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige红褐色, 赭石色chocolate 浅褐色sandy beige驼色camel琥珀色amber卡其色khaki褐红色maroon绿色green苔绿色moss green鲜绿色emerald green橄榄绿olive green蓝色blue土耳其玉色turquoise blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色cobalt blue藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色navy blue蓝绿色aquamarine blue红色red绯红, 猩红scarlet紫红mauve葡萄酒红wine red紫色purple, violet淡紫色lavender浅紫色lilac古紫色antique violet紫罗兰色pansy白色white灰白色off-white象牙色ivory雪白色snowy white乳白色oyster white灰色gray炭灰色charcoal gray烟灰色smoky gray雾灰色misty gray5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1岩石结构Rock structure斑状结构porphyritic texture变余结构palimpsest structure等粒结构granulitic texture非均匀结构heterogeneous texture 辉绿结构ophitic texture角砾结构brecciated texture矿脉结构vein texture粒状结构granular texture流状结构fluidal texture糜棱结构mylonitic texture砂质结构arenaceous texture粘土质结构argillaceous texture 微晶结构microlitic texture显晶结构phanerocrystalline texture 5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure散体结构Loose structure碎块状结构Fragmental block structure碎屑状结构Clastic structure碎裂结构Cataclastic structure镶嵌结构Interlocked structure片碎结构Sheet- Cataclastic structure块状结构massive structure次块状结构Submassive structure整体结构integral structure6.地质构造Geological structure板状构造platy structure变形构造deformation structure 带状构造banded structure单斜构造uniclinal structure迭瓦构造decken structure多孔构造hiatal texture构造裂隙,压力裂缝,节理diaclase 环带构造,带状构造zonal structure集合体构造aggregate structure结核状构造concretionary structure 球状构造globular structure蠕状构造myrmekitic structure网状构造mesh structure杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure 眼状构造augen structure雁行构造,梯队构造echelon structure 叶理构造foliation structure柱状构造columnar struture6.1断层(fault)正断层,下落断层downthrown fault 逆断层,上冲断层upthrown fault平移断层displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜断层anticlinal fault挤压断层compression fault剪切断层shear fault共轭断层conjugated faults雁列断层en echelon faults地垒断层horst fault迭瓦断层mbricate fault逆掩断层,上冲断层overthrust fault 张性断层tension fault深断层abyssal fault 活断层active fault可能活断层capable fault断层擦痕fault striation断层破碎带Fractured zone角砾岩Breccia碎裂岩Cataclasite糜棱岩Mylonite断层泥Fault clay挤压片状岩Sliced rock透镜体Lens石英脉Quartz vein绿帘石脉Epidote vein铁锈,腐锈斑aerugo断层破碎带Fault fractured zone 断层影响带Fault influenced zone 节理密集带Joints dense zone层间挤压面（带）Crushed bedding plane (zone)断层影响带Fault nfluenced zone 6.2褶皱(fold)褶皱作用folding褶皱轴axis of the fold褶皱核foldkern褶皱弧arc of folding褶皱带belt of folded strata弯曲褶皱(地层) buckled folding 扭曲褶皱contorted fold拖曳褶皱drag fold闭合褶皱closed fold直立褶皱erect fold断层褶皱fault fold向斜syncline背斜anticline复背斜anticlinorium倒转背斜overturned anticline倾伏背斜plunging anticline背斜断层anticlinal fault揉皱crumple6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)节理joint羽状节理feder joint(feather joint) 羽状张节理pinnate tension joint羽状剪节理pinnate shear joint柱状节理columnar joint张性节理,受拉接缝tension joint 张开节理open joint节理玫瑰图joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙间距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙频数degree of fissure裂隙水,间隙水interstitial water 微裂缝,微裂隙microfissure层面,顺层面,岩层面,层理,层理面bedding plane断层面fault plane节理面joint plane片理面schistosity plane接合面combination plane 接触面contact plane错动层面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity 软弱面plane of weakness破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane滑移平面,滑动平面slip plane夹层intercalation泥化夹层argillized seam软弱夹层weak intercalated layers siltized粘土夹层clay course6.4结构面性状平直Gentle波动起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave 光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地质现象7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷风化weathering风化带zone of weathering风化壳crust of weathering风化砂weathering sandstone风化程度weathering degree全风化completely weathered强风化highly weathered弱风化moderately weathered微风化slightly weathered新鲜fresh蚀变alteration物理蚀变physical alteration化学蚀变chemical alteration热液蚀变hydrothermal alteration 蚀变矿物altered mineral蚀变火山岩altered volcanic rocks 卸荷relaxation岩石松弛relaxation of rock应力松弛relaxation of stress卸载岩石,消除应力的岩石relaxed rock7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3岩溶(karst)岩溶地形karst topography岩溶[侵蚀]基准karst base level 岩溶景观karst landscape岩溶盆地karst basin岩溶井karst well岩溶水karst water岩溶侵蚀karst erosion 8．水文地质8.1地下水类型地下水,潜水ground water地下水位,潜水位ground water level 地下水排泄区discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table 孔隙潜水pore groundwater裂隙潜水fissure groundwater裂隙承压水fissure artesian groundwater8．2渗流状态渗流,渗漏seepage渗流控制seepage control渗流区vadose region渗流速度percolation velocity渗流压力percolation pressure渗透性permeability渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透流量seepage discharge9．岩体力学指标9．1岩石力学参数强度strength抗压强度compressive strength 抗剪强度shear strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度,抗折强度bending strength 单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long term strength峰值(抗剪强度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,内聚力cohesion围压强度strength under peripheral pressure9．2土力学参数变形deformation 弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹塑性变形elastic-plastic deformation粘弹性变形viscoelastic deformation 粘滞塑性变形,粘塑性变性visco-plastic deformation均匀变形homogeneous deformation 不均匀变形nonaffine deformation不可恢复变形,永久变形irreversible deformation屈服变形yield deformation徐变变形,蠕变变形creep deformation 渗透变形seepage deformation9.3岩体力学参数弹性模量elasticity modulus变形模量deformation modulus 剪切模量shear modulus粘弹性模量viscoelastic modulus 压缩模量modulus of compression 10. 建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料natural aggregate人工骨料artificial aggregate粗骨料coarse aggregate细骨料fine aggregate碱活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate 混凝土骨料concrete aggregate人工砂artificial sand掺和料admixture配料batching石料rock material土料earth material开挖料excavation material渣料rock spoil天然砂砾料natural sand and gravel 粉煤灰fly ash碎石土debrisc soil砾质土gravelly soil粘性土cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土dispersive soil分散性dispersivity崩解性disintegration(slaking)活动性指数activity index细度模数fineness modulus(FM)骨料级配gradation间断级配gap gradation连续级配continuous gradation砂砾石sand and gravel针状颗粒needle-shaped particle片状颗粒flake-shaped particle 软弱颗粒soft particle平均粒径mean diameter比重specific gravity天然密度natural density干密度dry density最大干密度maximum drydensity最优含水量optjmum water content 天然休止角nature angle of repose 堆积密度piling density紧密密度compation density石料场rock quarrying土料场soil borrow area存料场stockpile弃渣场spoil area有用层effective layer无用层unavailable layer剥离层overburden stripping formation 剥采比stripping ratio剥离量overburden amount开采quarry运输transportation质量quality储量reserve运距haul distance水泥cenment11. 试验(experiment)岩土现场测试field investigation ofsoils and rocks土工原位测试in-situ measurement of soils标准灌入试验standard penetration test动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test比灌入阻力specific penetration resistanc旁压试验pressuremeter test载荷试验plate bearing test十字板剪切试验vane shear test岩体原位测试in-situ measurement of rocks三维应力测试three-dimensional stess measurement地应力测量geostress survey应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method 狭缝法（刻槽法）narrow slot method 收敛测量convergence measurement 现场直剪实验in-situ shear test承压板试验bearing plate test水力致裂法hydrofracturing method 声测井acoustic emission well (AEW) 现场监测field monitoring压水试验water-pressure test吕荣试验Lugeon test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test灌浆试验grouting test点荷载试验point-loading test回弹测试rebond hammar test实验室试验laboratory test取样sampling原状土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample物理力学性试验physical and mechanic properties test颗粒分析grading analysis三轴试验triaxial test击实试验proctor compaction test崩解试验slaking test尺寸效应scale effect时间效应time effect长期观测long-term observation试验资料test data试验成果test result试验报告test report12.水工设计(hydraulic design)12.1设计阶段(design stage)河流规划river planning选坝selecting damsite预可行性研究pre-feasibility study可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design技施设计tech-construction design招标设计tender design施工详图设计detail construction drawing design12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydro project枢纽布置layout of hydro project挡水建筑物water retaining structure 取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure 过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure水工建筑物级别工程规模project scale主坝main dam副坝auxiliary dam坝轴线dam axis坝高high dam坝长length of dam坝顶dam crest坝底dam base坝坡dam slope坝间dam abutment坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe坝段dam monolith重力坝gravity dam实体重力坝solid gravity dam混泥土重力坝concrete gravity dam 碾压混泥土坝roller compacted concrete dam浆砌石重力坝masonry gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam预应力重力坝prestressed gravity dam溢流重力坝overflow gravity dam灌浆廊道grouting gallery排水廊道drainage gallery检查廊道inspection gallery交通廊道access gallery拱坝arch dam拱轴线centerline of arch单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam椭圆形拱坝elliptical arch dam薄拱坝thin arch dam重力拱坝gravity arch dam空腹重力拱坝hollow gravity arch dam溢流拱坝overflow arch dam支墩坝buttress dam平板坝flat slab buttress dam大头坝massive-head dam连拱坝mutiple-arch dam土石坝earth-rock dam土坝earth dam均质土坝homogeneous earth dam粘土心墙土石坝clay core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphaltic concrete core earth-rock dam 粘土斜墙土石坝sloping core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphaltic concrete facing earth-rock dam溢流土石坝overflow earth-rock dam 钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforced concrete facing rockfill dam防浪墙wave wall (parapet)护坡slope protection防渗铺盖impervious blanket棱体排水prism drainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道open channel spillway 正常溢洪道main spillway非常溢洪道emergency spillway陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway进水渠entrance channel闸门gate泄槽chute挑流鼻坎flip bucket;deflecting bucket 出水渠outlet channel冲刷坑scour hole; washout水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel导流隧洞diversion tunnel泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel发电隧洞power tunnel灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel放空隧洞emptying tunnel有压隧洞pressure tunnel无压随洞free-flow tunnel不衬砌随洞unlined tunnel排水随洞drainage tunnel涵洞culvert填埋管buried pipeline沟埋管trenched pipeline钢性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe塔式进水口tower intake竖井式进水口shaft intake沉沙池sedimentation basin渡槽aqueduct(fiume)倒虹吸管inverted siphon落差建筑物drop structure通航建筑物navigation structure船闸navigation lock (ship lock)多级船闸muti-line lock (mutiple lock) 13.地质图件和图表13.1地质图件第四纪地质图quaternary geology map, quaternary geology plan 覆盖层地质图drift map, overburden map, drift plan基岩地质图bedrock map, bedrock plan构造地质图geological structure map, geological structure plan地质剖面图geological section, geological profile实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile横剖面图transverse profile, cross-section纵剖面图longitudinal profile综合柱状图composite columnar section立体投影图fence diagram钻孔柱状图geological log of drill hole , borehole log平硐展视图geological log of adit 水文地质图hydrogeological map 渗透剖面seepage profile等水位线图water table contour map实际材料图primitive data map, primitive data plan赤平投影图stereogram极点图point diagram等密图contour diagram节理玫瑰图rose diagram of joints, rosette joint diagram, strike diagram of joints区域地质图regional geological map水库地质图geological map of reservoir枢纽区工程地质图engineering geological plan of project area坝址区工程地质图engineering geological plan of damsite area引水渠尾水渠工程地质图engineering geological plan of Diversion and Tailwater channel厂房工程地质图engineering geological plan of power house浸没区及防护区工程地质图geological plan of immersion area and protection area天然建筑材料产地分布图distribution plan of a quarry and borrow areas for natural construction 坝址区实际材料图location plan of in-situ exploratory works on damsite心滩天然砂砾料场地质图geological plan of Xinta sand and gravel borrow area料场分布图 A distribute plan of borrow area土料场地质平面图geological plan of soil borrow area石料场地质平面图geological plan of rock quarry土料场地质剖面图geological section of soil borrow area石料场地质剖面图geological section of rock quarry坝轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of dam axis坝趾板线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along dam plinth厂房机组中心线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along central line of turbo generator units坝轴线防渗帷幕水文地质剖面图hydrologic engineering geological profile along imrervious curtain on dam axis右岸引航道轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along right-bank navigation approach channel axis河床地质纵剖面图geological longitudinal profile of river bed上游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile upstream cofferdam下游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile downstream cofferdam上游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of upstream cofferdam下游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of downstream cofferdam施工大桥轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along proposed construction ridge axis防护堤工程地质剖面engineering geological profile along protection embankment心滩天然砂砾料场地质剖面图geological profile of xintan sand and gravel area引水渠工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological lognitudinal profile along approach channel厂房工程地质横剖面图engineering geological transverse section of powerhouse厂房纵1工程地质剖面图engineering geological longitvpinal profile Ⅰof poweehouse土料场工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of soil material borrow area导流洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along diversion tunnel放空隧洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along intermediate outlet tunnel溢洪道工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along spillway route溢洪道工程地质横剖面图engineering geological cross section of spillway区域主干断裂及强震带分布图Distribution of the regional major faults and pleistoseismic zones 工程区外围地震危险区active seismic zones around the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面走向玖瑰图Strike rose diagram of discontinuity plane class Ⅱ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面极点等密图Pole contour diagram of discontinuity plane classⅡ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区f、g极点等密图Pole contour diagram of f and g on the project area枢纽区左岸节理极点等密图Pole contour diagram of joints on the left bank in project area左岸坝肩上、下游侧边坡开挖示意图The schematic diagram of upstream and downstream side slop excavating on the left abutment砂砾层天然砂颗分曲线图Gradation curve of natural sand in sand and gravel layer心滩天然砂砾料场初勘探布置示意图Sketch map of exploratory arrangement during detailed exploration for Xintan sand and gravel borrow area天然含水量随深度变化图Variation of natural Moisture content with depth左岸颗粒分析粒配曲线图Grain size distribution curve of the left bank 左岸料区ρd~ω关系曲线图Left bank borrow area ρd ~ ωrelationship curves孔隙比（e）与（p）关系图Relationship between void ratio (e) and pressure (p)抗剪强度与垂直压力的关系曲线图Relationship curves between shear strength and vertical pressure物探工作布置图Layout of geophysical prospecting workA剖面地震勘探成果图Results of seismic prospecting on A profile PD2平洞锤击法Vp成果图V P results of hammer-blow survey on left wall of PD2aditZK14钻孔电阻率测井柱状图Log of comprehensive logging of ZK14 drillhole尾水渠开挖线excavation line of tailwater channel开采线excavation depth开挖线excavation line原地面线natural ground工程建筑物轮廓线outline of engineering structure正常蓄水位线normal storage water level设计蓄水位线design storage level 正常蓄水位normal WL.死水位min operating WL.百年洪水位100-tear flood WL. 正常尾水位normal TWL.最低尾水位min TWL.校核洪水位check flood WL.设计洪水位design flood WL.水库蓄水位线及高程storage leave and elevation of reservoir 料场范围线boundary of borrow area or quarry area普查范围线boundary line of general survey初查储量计算范围线boundary line of preliminarily investigated reserves风化界线boundary of weathered zones地下水位线groundwater level相对隔水层界线boundary of relative confining bed坝基开挖线及高程dam foundation excavation line and EL.厂房开挖线及高程powerhouse excavation line and EL.剖面线及编号geological section line and numbed, profile line and No. 端点end point转点transition测量控制点control point of survey接图表index to adjoining sheets 交厂横cross section of plant location 交纵1 cross profile 1剖面交点cross point of profile剖面距离distance勘探深度depth勘探间距spacing剖面方向direction13.2地质图表料场概况一览表summary ofborrow areas and quarry ones with construction各坝料颗粒分析级配曲线gradation curves of rock fill materials 表3-1泉水类型及流量Table 3-1 type and discharge of springs钻孔地下水位Groundwater level in drill holes钻孔压水试验单位吸水量汇总Summerized unit leakage rate value of water pressure test in drill holes钻孔岩芯试验室试验成果Laboratory testing of drill corn冲积层砂砾石试验成果Test results of alluvial gravel and sands冲积层粘土试验成果Test results of alluvial clay现场承压板变形模量试验成果In-situ plate-bearing test results现场剪力试验成果In-situ shear test resultsVp测定成果Results of Vp measurements现场地应力测量成果In-situ stress measurement results土料试验成果汇总表Test results of earth material土料试验成果表Test results of soil物理力学性试验成果Physical and mechanical test results显微镜鉴定矿物组成结果Mineral composition determined by microscope化学分析成果Results of chemical analysis岩石试验综合成果表Physical and mechanical properties化学分析结果Results of chemical analysis砂桨膨胀率试验成果Test results of mortar expansion ratio 化学试验结果Result of chemical tests节理统计表Summary of join可行性研究阶段完成钻探工作量统计表Completed drilling work quantities at feasibility study stage可行性研究阶段完成坑、槽探工作量统计表Completed test pits and trenches prospecting work quantities at feasibility study stage岩石力学现场试验项目及工作量统计表Field rock test items and their work quantities可行性研究阶段钻孔地下水位长期观测汇总表summary of long-term groundwater table observations in the drill holes at feasibility study in the project area工作量统计表Summary of work quantity本区地震统计表seismic summary in the region历史地震对坝址影响烈度表Influence intensity of the historic earthquake on the damsite工程区断层主要特征表Main characteristics of the fault in theproject area库区滑坡、崩塌体特征表Characteristics landslide and collapse in reservoir area库区褶皱形态特征表Characteristics of fold form in reservoir area库区断裂汇总表Summary of faults in reservoir area水库库岸分段特征及稳定性评价表Evaluation on stability and divisional characteristics on reservoir banks库区断裂破裂长度与诱发地震强度关系表The relationship between the induced earthquake magnitudeand the fractured length of the reservoir fault景洪水电站枢纽区结构面分级表Classification of discontinuity planes in project area枢纽区主要断层、挤压带汇总表Summary of major faults and compressive zones in project area枢纽区f、g发育特征表Dereloped characteristics of f and g in the project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带矿物分析成果表Mineral analysis results of the faults andcompressive zone (planes) in project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带物质化学分析成果表Chemical analysis results of mineral from faults and compressive zones (planes) in project area 枢纽区滑坡、松动体特征表Characteristics of landslide and loosened mass in project area枢纽区主要冲沟特征汇总表summary of characteristics of major gully in project area景洪水电站岩体风化程度分级表Classification of the weathering degree of rock mass of the Jinghong hydropower project枢纽区覆盖层及风化深度表Overburden layer and weathering depth in project area景洪水电站坝址区水质简分析成果汇总表Summary of simple analysis of water quality in dam area of Jionghong hydropower project枢纽区地下水水位长期观测资料统计表Summary of long-term observation data for groundwater table in project area枢纽区风化带、破碎带透水性统计表Permeability of the weathered and fractured zone in the project area岩石物理力学性试验成果汇总表Summary of test results of physico-mechanical property of rock 岩体现场变形试验成果表Results of in-situ deformation test of rock mass枢纽区各类岩体M、E建议值Recommended value of M & E of various type of the rock mass in the project area枢纽区各类岩体抗剪强度指标建议。
地质年代术语英汉对照
地质年代术语英汉对照stratum 地层stratigraphic correlation 地层对比horizon 层位key bed 标志层barren bed 哑层lacuna 缺失hiatus 间断continuity 连续discontinuity 不连续conformity 整合unconformity 不整合angular unconformity 角度不整合para-unconformity 平行不整合geochronologic unit 地质年代单位eon 宙era 代period 纪epoch 世stage 期chron 时chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位eonothem 宇erathem 界system 系series 统stage 阶chronozone 时带biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphic zone 生物地层带lithostratigraphic unit 岩石地层单位group 群formation 组member 段bed 层geochronologic scale 地质年代表Phaneozoic Eon(Eonothem) 显生宙（宇）Cainozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）Cenozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）Quaternary Period(System) 第四纪（系）Holocene Epoch(Series) 全新世（统）Pleistocene Epoch(Series) 更新世（统）Tertiary Period(System) 第三纪（系）Neogene Period(System) 新近纪（系）Pliocene Epoch(Series) 上新世（统）Miocene Epoch(Series) 中新世（统）Paleogene Period(System) 古近纪（系）Oligocene Epoch(Series) 渐新世（统）Eocene Epoch(Series) 始新世（统）Paleocene Epoch(Series) 古新世（统）Mesozoic Era(Erathem) 中生代（界）Cretaceous Period(System) 白垩纪（系）Jurassic Period(System) 侏罗纪（系）triassic Period(System) 三叠纪（系）Palaeozoic Era(Erathem) 古生代（界）Permian Period(System) 二叠纪（系）Carboniferous Period(System) 石炭纪（系）Devonian Period(System) 泥盆纪（系）Silurian Period(System) 志留纪（系）Ordovician Period(System) 奥陶纪（系）Cambrian Period(System) 寒武纪（系）Cryptozoic Eon(Eonothem) 隐生宙（宇）Proterozoic Eon(Eonothem) 元古宙（宇）Neoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 新元古代（界）Sinian Period(System) 震旦纪（系）Mesoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 中元古代（界）Palaeoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 古元古代（界）Archaean Eon(Eonothem) 太古宙（宇）Precambrian 前寒武纪。
地质词语 中英对照
地质学词语The present is the key to the past. 一.Universe宇宙；Galaxy星系；solar system太阳系（地球外部圈层：atmosphere大气圈；hydrosphere水圈；biosphere生物圈；）lithosphere岩石圈；atmosphere circulation大气环流●Mercury（水星）；Venus（金星）；Earth；Mars（火星）；Jupiter （木星）；Saturn（土星）；Uranus（天王星）；Neptune（海王星）；Pluto（冥王星）;Comet彗星；asteroid小行星●troposphere（对流层）stratosphere（平流层）mesosphere（中间层）ionosphere （电离层）thermosphere(热层)大地水准面（geoid）1.大陆地形：｛高原（plateau）；丘陵（hill）；平原（plain）｝2.海洋地形：大陆边缘（continental margin）：｛大陆架（continental shelf）；大陆坡（continental slope）大陆基（continentalrise）;岛弧（islandarc）;海沟（trench）｝大洋中脊（mid-oceanic ridge）;大洋盆地（oceanic basin）：｛深海丘陵（abyssal hill）深海平原（abyssal plain）}●元素（element）矿物（mineral）光泽（luster）解理（cleavage）硬度（hardness）条痕（streak）●岩石（rock）岩浆岩magmatite or Igneous rock;变质岩(metamorphic rock);沉积岩(sedimentary rock)。
●gravity重力; gravity anomaly重力场;Bouguer gravity复合重力场；anomaly磁●geomagnetic field地磁场; magnetic declination磁偏角; magnetic inclination磁倾角; magnetic anomaly地磁异常; geothermal field地温场geothermal gradient地温梯度; geothermal flow地热流; geothermal anomaly 地热异常;●seismic wave地震波：body wave体波surface wave面波(纵波P wave, 横波S wave);●陨石（meteorite）古登堡面（Gutenberg discontinuity）莫霍面（Moho discontinuity）；雷曼界面；康德拉面（Conrad discontinuity）地壳（crust）;地幔（mantle）;地核（core）岩石圈（lithosphere）;软流圈（asthenosphere）●geological age地质年代,1.relative age相对地质年代：地层层序律（law of superposition）生物演化律(geological time scale);地质体之间的切割律;2.isotopic age同位素地质年代;●fossil化石, stratum地层(strata；单数),3.地质年代单位：宙eon, 代era, 纪period, 世epoch，期age; 时间地层单位：宇eonothem,界erathem,系system,统series,阶stage●显生宙：Phanerozoic 元古宙proterozoic(震旦纪Z)●古生代Paleozoic（早古生代，晚古生代）｛寒武纪cambrian,O奥陶纪ordovician,S志留纪silurian-早古生代｝D泥盆纪devonian,C石炭纪carboniferous,P二叠纪permian-晚古生代●中生代Mesozoic:T三叠纪triassic, J侏罗纪jurassic,K白垩纪cretaceous●新生代cenozoic:E古近纪paleogene, N新近纪neogene，二.风化作用weathering物理风化作用Physical weathering化学风化作用Chemical weathering风生物风化作用Biological weathering ; 溶解作用(solution) 氧化作用(oxidation);根劈作用Root wedging, differential weathering差异化spheroidal weathering球形风化Sequence of migration of elements元素迁移系列eluvium残积物, crust of weathering风化壳paleocrust of weathering古风化壳Sheet flow片流，flood flow洪流sheetwash片流洗刷作用•Proluvial fan洪积扇，slope wash坡积物1.vertical erosion下蚀作用：（瀑布water fall,深潭,向源侵蚀,河流的袭夺,base level of erosion河流的侵蚀基准面）teral erosion侧蚀作用：（河曲，蛇曲、自由河曲，牛轭湖）Laminar flow层流,turbulent flow紊流,circular current环流River valley河谷,drainage system deltaVertical erosion, lateral erosionBase level of erosion, River capture Meander, cut-off, ox-bow lake,Alluvium, flood plain,underground water地下水:[water of containing包气带水；phreatic water潜水；confined water承压水]●underground erosion潜蚀作用; underground river;●karst喀斯特地形（岩溶地形）; stone forest石林; karst cave 透水层（permeable bed）含水层（aquifer）不透水层或隔水层impervious bed;ploughing刨蚀作用:方式有：挖掘作用plouking 磨蚀作用abrasion●glacier冰川；continental glacier大陆冰川;mountain glaciar山岳冰川●glacial valley冰蚀谷; horn角峰; cirque冰斗；arete鳍脊；ploughing depression冰蚀洼地；●moraine冰啧物; terminal moraine终～;lateral morain侧～; drumlin鼓丘;●glacial age冰期; interglacial age间冰期⏹sea wave波浪; wave base; tide潮汐; tide current潮流; ocean current洋流;（turbidity current）浊流;littoral zone滨海; neritic zone浅海; bathyal zone半深海; abyssal zone深海;sea notch海蚀凹槽;sea cliff海蚀崖wave cut bench波切台;wave built bench波筑台sea stack海蚀柱;sea arch海蚀穹;B e a c h潮坪;t i d a l f l a t灰质岩;l a g o o n泻湖;⏹L i m e s t o n e石灰岩;c h e r t硅质岩;o r g a n i c r e e f生物礁;c o r a l r e e f珊瑚礁;r e e f l i m e s t o n e;⏹F r i n g i n g r e e f岸礁;b a r r i e r r e e f堡礁;a t o l l r e e f环礁;⏹O o z e软泥;t u r b i d i t e浊流;s i l i c e o u s o o z e硅质软泥;c a l c a r e o u s o o z e钙质软泥;r ed c l a y红色大洋黏土m a n g a ne s e n o d u l e锰结核;风蚀作用(aeolian erosion) 吹蚀作用(deflation)磨蚀作用(abrasion)绿洲(oasis)风积物(aeolian deposit)风成沙(aeolian sand) 风成黄土(loess)新月形沙丘(parabolic dune) 纵向沙垄(longitudinal dune) 地质作用(geological process)☐Diagenesis成岩作用; compaction压实作用; cemetation胶结作用; recrystallization重结晶作用;☐Structure构造; texture结构; bedding层理; bedding plane structure层面构造;☐Conglomerate砾岩; sandstone砂岩; siltstone粉岩; mudstone泥岩; shale页岩; limestone石灰岩; dolomite白云岩; chert硅质岩; volcanic breccia火山砾岩; tuff凝灰岩;三．S t r a t u m地层；a t t i t u d e产状；产状要素：走向(strike)倾向(dip)倾角(dip angle)H o r i z o n t a l s t r a t u m水平岩层;i n c l i n e d s t r a t u m倾斜岩层;v e r t i c a l s t r a t u m直立岩层;⏹T e c t o n i c m o v e m e n t构造运动：v e r t i c a l m o v e m e n t升降运动；h o r i z o n t a l m o v e m e n t水平运动;p a l e o t e c t o n i s古构造运动，n e o t e c t o n i s m新构造运动整合接触conformity;不整合接触关系unconformity:(d i s c o n f o r m i t y平行不整合a n g u l a r u n c o n f o r m i t y角度不整合〕F o l d褶皱；褶皱要素：[c o r e核；l i m b翼；h i n g e z o n e o f f o l d转折端枢纽；h i n g e o f f o l d；轴面a x i a l p l a n e]a n t i c l i n o r i u m复背斜、s y n c l i n o r i u m复向斜、s e p a r a t e d b l o c k-t y p e f o l d隔挡式褶皱、s e p a r a t e d t r o u g h-t y p e f o l d隔槽式褶皱。
地质构造专业词汇及英文对照
第2章地质构造地质构造Geological Structure 地质年代Geological time 相对年代Relative age 绝对年代Absolute age 地层层序Stratigraphic Sequence 岩性对比Lithology contrast 地层接触关系Stratigraphic contact relationship 岩层产状strata occurrences 走向线strike line 倾向Dip direction 倾角Dip angle 水平构造Horizontal structure 单斜构造Tilt structure 背斜anticline 向斜syncline 褶皱fold 对称symmetrical fold 直立褶皱vertical fold 非对称褶皱Asymmetrical fold 倾斜褶皱inclined fold 倒转褶皱Overturned fold 平卧褶皱recumbent fold 非倾伏褶皱non-plunging 水平褶皱： upright fold), 平轴褶皱/水平褶皱：倾伏褶皱：plunging fold 穹隆 dome 穹隆盆地 basin 盆地断裂构造：Fracture 断层：faults 节理、裂隙：joints/fissure 构造裂隙：tectonic joints/fissure: 非构造裂隙：non-tectonic joints/fissure: 剪裂隙：s h e a r f i s s u r e张裂隙：tension fissure正断层：normal faults 逆断层：reverse faults 走滑断层,平推断层：strike-slip fault 断层崖 Fault scarp 断层崖地层缺失或重复：Strata missing or repeated 擦痕、摩擦镜面：Slickensides 阶步：step 水文地质：hydrogeological 地层： strata 地层：岩性：lithology 平面图：plan 剖面图：profile 柱状图：histogram 整合接触：conformity 行不整合接触：parallel unconformity 角度不整合接触：Angle unconformity contact 。
中英文地质年代表(精美版)
Palaeozoic 早 古 生 代 (Pz1)
新元
白垩纪(K) Cretaceous 侏罗纪(J)
Jurassic
三叠纪(T) Triassic
二叠纪(P) Permian 石炭纪(C) Carboniferous
泥盆纪(D) Devonian
志留纪(S) Silurian
461
M
DARRIWILIAN
DAPINGIAN FLOIAN
468 472
480
E
479 TREMADOCIAN
488
500 520
Furongian
Series 3
Series 2
STAGE 10 STAGE 9
PAIBIAN GUZHANGIAN
DRUMIAN STAGE 5 STAGE 4
STAGE 3
Proterozoic (Pt)
Precambrian (PT)
元 古 宙 Proterozoic
元
古代
Sinian
古
(Pt3)
青白口纪
代
中元古
蓟县纪
太 古 Archaean 宙
代(Pt2)
Proterozoic 古元古
代(Pt1)
太
新太古
古
代
代(Ar2)
长城纪
同位素年龄(百万年 Ma) 时间间距 距今年龄
LATE MIDDLE
RAPID POLARITY CHANGES
JURASSIC
180
190
EARLY
200
TRIASSIC
210
LATE 220
230
中英文地质年代表(精美版)
400
1800
700 2500
500 3000
Archaeozoic (Ar)
Archaean (AR)
古太古 Archaecozoic 代(Ar1) 冥古宙
800 3800
(HD) 注：1、表中震旦纪、青白口纪、蓟县纪、长城纪，只限于国内使用
4600
构造阶段
大阶段
461
M
DARRIWILIAN
DAPINGIAN FLOIAN
468 472
480
E
479 TREMADOCIAN
488
500 520
Furongian
Series 3
Series 2
STAGE 10 STAGE 9
PAIBIAN GUZHANGIAN
DRUMIAN STAGE 5 STAGE 4
STAGE 3
地质年代表
Geological Time Scale
地质时代、地层单位及其代号
宙(宇)
代(界)
纪(系)
世(统)
第四纪(Q)
全新世(Q4/Qh) Holocene
Quaternary
更新世(Q1Q2Q3/Qp) Pleistocene
新 生 代 (Kz) Cenozoic
新第三纪
新近纪(N) Neogene
Sources for nomenclature and ages are primarily from Gradstein, F., Ogg, J., Smith, A., et al., 2004, A Geologic Time Scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p. Modifications to the Triassic after: Furin, S., Preto, N., Rigo, M., Roghi, G., Gianolla, P., Crowley, J.L., and Bowring, S.A., 2006, High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: Implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs: Geology, v. 34, p. 1009–1012, doi: 10.1130/G22967A.1; and Kent, D.V., and Olsen, P.E., 2008, Early Jurassic magnetostratigraphy and paleolatitudes from the Hartford continental rift basin (eastern North America): Testing for polarity bias and abrupt polar wander in association with the central Atlantic magmatic province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B06105, doi: 10.1029/2007JB005407.
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地质年代术语英汉对照
stratum 地层stratigraphic correlation 地层对比horizon 层位
key bed 标志层
barren bed 哑层
lacuna 缺失
hiatus 间断
continuity 连续
discontinuity 不连续
conformity 整合
unconformity 不整合
angular unconformity 角度不整合
para-unconformity 平行不整合
geochronologic unit 地质年代单位
eon 宙
era 代
period 纪
epoch 世
stage 期
chron 时
chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位
eonothem 宇
erathem 界
system 系
series 统
stage 阶
chronozone 时带
biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位
biostratigraphic zone 生物地层带
lithostratigraphic unit 岩石地层单位
group 群
formation 组
member 段
bed 层
geochronologic scale 地质年代表
Phaneozoic Eon(Eonothem) 显生宙（宇）
Cainozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）
Cenozoic Era(Erathem) 新生代（界）
Quaternary Period(System) 第四纪（系）
Holocene Epoch(Series) 全新世（统）
Pleistocene Epoch(Series) 更新世（统）Tertiary Period(System) 第三纪（系）Neogene Period(System) 新第三纪（系）Pliocene Epoch(Series) 上新世（统）Miocene Epoch(Series) 中新世（统）Paleogene Period(System) 老第三纪（系）Oligocene Epoch(Series) 渐新世（统）Eocene Epoch(Series) 始新世（统）Paleocene Epoch(Series) 古新世（统）Mesozoic Era(Erathem) 中生代（界）Cretaceous Period(System) 白垩纪（系）Jurassic Period(System) 侏罗纪（系）
triassic Period(System) 三叠纪（系）Palaeozoic Era(Erathem) 古生代（界）Permian Period(System) 二叠纪（系）Carboniferous Period(System) 石炭纪（系）Devonian Period(System) 泥盆纪（系）Silurian Period(System) 志留纪（系）Ordovician Period(System) 奥陶纪（系）Cambrian Period(System) 寒武纪（系）Cryptozoic Eon(Eonothem) 隐生宙（宇）Proterozoic Eon(Eonothem) 元古宙（宇）Neoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 新元古代（界）Sinian Period(System 震旦纪（系）Mesoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 中元古代（界）Palaeoproterozoic Era(Erathem) 古元古代（界）Archaean Eon(Eonothem) 太古宙（宇）Precambrian 前寒武纪。