Trifluoperazine_dihydrochloride_LCMS_16642_MedChemExpress
钛酸异丙酯产品安全技术说明书(阿拉丁)
GHS02:易燃物; GHS06:急毒性物质钛酸异丙酯Titanium(IV) isopropoxide99.99%CAS No. 546-68-9EC-编号208-909-64急救措施4.1必要的急救措施描述一般的建议请教医生。
向到现场的医生出示此安全技术说明书。
如果吸入如果吸入,请将患者移到新鲜空气处。
如呼吸停止,进行人工呼吸。
请教医生。
在皮肤接触的情况下用肥皂和大量的水冲洗。
请教医生。
在眼睛接触的情况下用大量水彻底冲洗至少15分钟并请教医生。
如果误服禁止催吐。
切勿给失去知觉者喂食任何东西。
用水漱口。
请教医生。
4.2最重要的症状和影响,急性的和滞后的无数据资料4.3及时的医疗处理和所需的特殊处理的说明和指示无数据资料5消防措施5.1灭火介质火灾特征无数据资料灭火方法及灭火剂干粉 干砂不要用水喷射。
5.2源于此物质或混合物的特别的危害无数据资料5.3救火人员的预防如有必要,佩戴自给式呼吸器进行消防作业。
5.4进一步的信息喷水冷却未打开的容器。
6泄露应急处理6.1人员的预防,防护设备和紧急处理程序使用个人防护装备。
避免吸入蒸气、气雾或气体。
保证充分的通风。
消除所有火源。
注意蒸气积累达到可爆炸的浓度,蒸气可蓄积在地面低洼处。
6.2环境预防措施如能确保安全,可采取措施防止进一步的泄漏或溢出。
不要让产品进入下水道。
6.3抑制和清除溢出物的方法和材料围堵溢出物,用非可燃性材料(如砂子、泥土、硅藻土、蛭石)吸收溢出物,将其收集到容器中,根据当地的或国家的规定处理6.4参考其他部分丢弃处理请参阅第13节。
7安全操作与储存7.1安全操作的注意事项避免接触皮肤和眼睛。
避免吸入蒸气或雾滴。
火舌回闪有可能穿过相当长的距离。
容器遇火可能会爆炸切勿靠近火源。
-严禁烟火。
采取措施防止静电积聚。
7.2安全储存的条件,包括任何不兼容性在氩气下操作,避免潮湿。
储存于氩气中 使容器保持密闭,储存在干燥通风处。
抗精神失常药与神经退行性疾病药
利培酮 risperidone
阿立哌唑 aripiprazole
齐拉西酮 ziprasidone
代表药物
用于急性和慢性精神分裂症。 代谢物9-羟基-利培酮作用与 本品相似。
第三代非典型抗精神病 药物,用于精神分裂症。
为非典型抗精神病药,构造 与吩噻嗪类或丁酞苯类不同。 能抑制突触对5-羟色胺和去 甲肾上腺素的再摄取。
盐酸氯丙嗪——不良反响
会引起结节-漏斗通路和黑质-纹状体通路的阻断,导致内 分泌作用血液中的催乳素增高,促皮质素减少,垂体生长 素减少以及锥体外系综合症导致的运动不能、静坐不能、 肌肉张力障碍等问题。
同时阻断α受体和M受体,引起体位性低血压、体温下降 和口干、便秘、视力模糊等不良反响。
本品药后应静卧1~2小时,血压过低者可静脉滴注去甲肾 上腺素,禁用肾上腺素。长期大量应用本品可出现锥体外 系反响和内分泌紊乱等。
不良反响:锥体外系反响较常见,有致畸作用 用药注意:剂量个体化,长期用药者应注意观察
迟发性运动障碍的早期病症,制止突然停药,以 免出现迟发性运动障碍。 本品可致畸,并可从乳汁中分泌,孕妇及哺乳 期妇女禁用。
二苯丁基哌啶类
对丁酰苯类抗精神病药物的构造改造过程中得到二 苯丁基哌啶类抗精神病药物
氟哌啶醇〔haloperidol〕是本类最早应用于 临床的药物。
丁酰苯类——构效关系
氟哌啶醇〔haloperidol〕
化学名为1-〔4-氟苯基〕-4-[4-〔4-氯苯基〕-4-羟基-1-哌啶基]-1-丁酮 〔4-[ 4(4-chlorophenyl)- 4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanone〕 ,又名氟哌啶苯,卤吡醇。
三氯吡啶醇钠
三氯吡啶醇钠市场调研1产品介绍1.1产品简介品名:3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇钠别名:三氯吡啶醇钠,3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇钠盐英文名:3,5,6-Trichloropyridin-2-ol sodium英文别名:Trichloropyridin-ol Sodium,NATCP1.2理化性质纯品为类白色固体,微溶于水,在冰水中饱和溶液浓度约为0.5%,在沸水中饱和溶液浓度约为20%。
易溶于乙腈、甲醇、乙醇等有机溶剂,在酸性条件下转化为3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇(熔点169~171℃)。
1.3主要用途2-羟基-3,5,6-三氯吡啶又名三氯吡啶醇,是有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱的中间体,工业上用其钠盐。
2合成方法(1)将吡啶氯化制成2,3,5,6-四氯吡啶,然后将该四氯吡啶用氢氧化钠碱解制成三氯吡啶醇钠盐。
盐城恒盛化工有限公司2015年正在建设29481吨四氯吡啶装置,10000吨的三氯吡啶醇钠项目。
(2)用三氯乙酰氯与丙烯腈反应,得到三氯吡啶醇,再碱解得到其钠盐。
在1500L搪瓷反应釜中投入280kg三氯乙酰氯,过量丙烯腈及适量的溶剂和催化剂,升温回流反应,用气相色谱控制终点。
当酰氯转化完毕后(约14h)即可停止反应,然后将反应物抽入蒸馏釜,减压脱溶。
脱出的溶剂回收套用,溶剂脱尽后,将残余物抽入碱解釜,慢慢滴加30%NaOH 进行碱解,控制温度在20~40℃。
过滤,得到三氯吡啶醇钠盐湿品,即可直接进入下一步反应。
从反应历程出发,也可控制反应分三步完成。
由此可有效控制副产物生成,提高反应收率和产品质量。
目前这两种工艺都可以生产,而用吡啶为原料时,反应过程中腐蚀性强,但产品质量好。
三氯吡啶醇钠湿品为灰黄色固体物。
2.1生产厂家滨州市鼎盛化工有限公司年产4000吨/年(2014年4月份公布二次环评)成武县晨晖环保科技有限公司6000吨/年(2014年12月环评1次公示,三氯乙酰氯工艺)江苏九九久科技股份有限公司20000吨/年孟津豫灵农化有限公司8000吨/年(三氯乙酰氯工艺)濮阳市艾博瑞化工科技有限公司3000吨/年(三氯乙酰氯工艺)江苏中冶化工有限公司12000吨/年(三氯乙酰氯工艺)江苏宝灵化工股份有限公司5000吨/年(三乙酰氯工艺)江苏景宏生物科技有限公司1000吨/年南通金诺化工有限公司12000吨/年(三乙酰氯工艺)连云港立本农药化工有限公司7000吨/年建设中(三乙酰氯工艺)盐城恒盛化工有限公司10000吨/年建设中(吡啶工艺)3进出口情况2014年印度进口三氯吡啶醇钠2014年印度进口三氯吡啶醇钠2202.95吨,均价5.398USD/kg。
HY-15664_Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate_MCE
Data SheetBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate is a synthetic 20 residue peptide which reversibly inhibits thrombin.IC50 Value:Target: thrombinin vitro: Eptifibatide (8 mg/mL) added together with a low (70 ng/mL) concentration of bivalirudin (a direct thrombin inhibitor)effectively (approximately 90%) reduced platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.2 U/mL) [1]. In thrombin generation assay (TGA), bivalirudin had no effect on these parameters up to 10 μmol/l [2]. Bivalirudin⁻facilitated binding of MPO to BAEC resulted also in functional changes in terms of increased NO consumption as well as enhanced MPO⁻mediated redox modifications [3].in vivo: The use of bivalirudinprevented further increase in antiheparin/PF4 antibody IgG levels in rats [4]. Three animals in the 500⁻mg/kg/24 h group, and 7 animals in the 2000⁻mg/kg/24 h group in the toxicokinetic assessment phase of the study were found dead or euthanized in extremis (following blood sampling). Plasma concentrations of bivalirudin appeared to be linear and dose independent [5].Clinical trial: Antithrombotic Effects of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel . Phase 4References:[1]. Ciborowski M, Tomasiak M. The in vitro effect of eptifibatide, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, on various responses of porcine blood platelets. Acta Pol Pharm. 2009 May⁻Jun;66(3):235⁻42.[2]. Xu Y, Wu W, Wang L, Differential profiles of thrombin inhibitors (heparin, hirudin, bivalirudin, and dabigatran) in the thrombin generation assay and thromboelastography in vitro. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2013 Apr;24(3):332⁻8.[3]. Rudolph V, Rudolph TK, Schopfer FJ, Bivalirudin decreases NO bioavailability by vascular immobilization of myeloperoxidase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008Nov;327(2):324⁻31.[4]. Zhang R, Huang Y, Zhang M, Bivalirudin Utilization in Rats Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Preventing the Increase of Antiheparin/Platelet Factor 4Antibody in Perioperative Period. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2012 Aug 21. [Epub ahead of print][5]. Gleason TG, Chengelis CP, Jackson CB, A 24⁻hour continuous infusion study of bivalirudin in the rat. Int J Toxicol. 2003 May⁻Jun;22(3):195⁻206.Product Name:Bivalirudin (Trifluoroacetate)Cat. No.:HY-15664CAS No.:128270-60-0Molecular Formula:C 100H 138DF 3N 24O 35Molecular Weight:2295.32Target:ThrombinPathway:Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Solubility:DMSO: ≥ 31 mg/mLCaution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USACertificate of AnalysisPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESMolecular Formula:C 100H 138DF 3N 24O 35Molecular Weight:2295.32Storage:Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent-80°C 6 months -20°C1 monthChemical Structure:ANALYTICAL DATAAppearance:White to off-white (Solid)1H NMR Spectrum:Consistent with structure Purity (NMR):>98.0%Conclusion:The product has been tested and complies with the given specifications.Product Name:Bivalirudin (Trifluoroacetate)Cat. No.:HY-15664CAS No.:128270-60-0Batch No.:09618Chemical Name:L-Leucine, D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolylglycylglycylglycylglycyl-L-asparaginylglycyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USASafety Data Sheet Revision Date:May-24-2017Print Date:May-24-20171. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION1.1 Product identifierProduct name :Bivalirudin (Trifluoroacetate)Catalog No. :HY-15664CAS No. :128270-60-01.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised againstIdentified uses :Laboratory chemicals, manufacture of substances.1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheetCompany:MedChemExpress USATel:609-228-6898Fax:609-228-5909E-mail:sales@1.4 Emergency telephone numberEmergency Phone #:609-228-68982. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of the substance or mixtureNot a hazardous substance or mixture.2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statementsNot a hazardous substance or mixture.2.3 Other hazardsNone.3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1 SubstancesSynonyms:BivalirudinFormula:C100H138DF3N24O35Molecular Weight:2295.32CAS No. :128270-60-04. FIRST AID MEASURES4.1 Description of first aid measuresEye contactRemove any contact lenses, locate eye-wash station, and flush eyes immediately with large amounts of water. Separate eyelids with fingers to ensure adequate flushing. Promptly call a physician.Skin contactRinse skin thoroughly with large amounts of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes and call a physician.InhalationImmediately relocate self or casualty to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Avoid mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.IngestionWash out mouth with water; Do NOT induce vomiting; call a physician.4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayedThe most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2).4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment neededTreat symptomatically.5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES5.1 Extinguishing mediaSuitable extinguishing mediaUse water spray, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureDuring combustion, may emit irritant fumes.5.3 Advice for firefightersWear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresUse full personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, dust or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Refer to protective measures listed in sections 8.6.2 Environmental precautionsTry to prevent further leakage or spillage. Keep the product away from drains or water courses.6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning upAbsorb solutions with finely-powdered liquid-binding material (diatomite, universal binders); Decontaminate surfaces and equipment by scrubbing with alcohol; Dispose of contaminated material according to Section 13.7. HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Precautions for safe handlingAvoid inhalation, contact with eyes and skin. Avoid dust and aerosol formation. Use only in areas with appropriate exhaust ventilation.7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilitiesKeep container tightly sealed in cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition.Recommended storage temperature:Powder-20°C 3 years4°C 2 yearsIn solvent-80°C 6 months-20°C 1 monthShipping at room temperature if less than 2 weeks.7.3 Specific end use(s)No data available.8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1 Control parametersComponents with workplace control parametersThis product contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.8.2 Exposure controlsEngineering controlsEnsure adequate ventilation. Provide accessible safety shower and eye wash station.Personal protective equipmentEye protection Safety goggles with side-shields.Hand protection Protective gloves.Skin and body protection Impervious clothing.Respiratory protection Suitable respirator.Environmental exposure controls Keep the product away from drains, water courses or the soil. Cleanspillages in a safe way as soon as possible.9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesAppearance White to off-white (Solid)Odor No data availableOdor threshold No data availablepH No data availableMelting/freezing point No data availableBoiling point/range No data availableFlash point No data availableEvaporation rate No data availableFlammability (solid, gas)No data availableUpper/lower flammability or explosive limits No data availableVapor pressure No data availableVapor density No data availableRelative density No data availableWater Solubility No data availablePartition coefficient No data availableAuto-ignition temperature No data availableDecomposition temperature No data availableViscosity No data availableExplosive properties No data availableOxidizing properties No data available9.2 Other safety informationNo data available.10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1 ReactivityNo data available.10.2 Chemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactionsNo data available.10.4 Conditions to avoidNo data available.10.5 Incompatible materialsStrong acids/alkalis, strong oxidising/reducing agents.10.6 Hazardous decomposition productsUnder fire conditions, may decompose and emit toxic fumes.Other decomposition products - no data available.11.TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1 Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Skin corrosion/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Serious eye damage/irritationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Respiratory or skin sensitizationClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Germ cell mutagenicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2CarcinogenicityIARC: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.ACGIH: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by ACGIH.NTP: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a anticipated or confirmed carcinogen by NTP.OSHA: No component of this product present at a level equal to or greater than 0.1% is identified as a potential or confirmed carcinogen by OSHA.Reproductive toxicityClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - single exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposureClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 2Aspiration hazardClassified based on available data. For more details, see section 212. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1 ToxicityNo data available.12.2 Persistence and degradabilityNo data available.12.3 Bioaccumlative potentialNo data available.12.4 Mobility in soilNo data available.12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT/vPvB assessment unavailable as chemical safety assessment not required or not conducted.12.6 Other adverse effectsNo data available.13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS13.1 Waste treatment methodsProductDispose substance in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.Contaminated packagingConduct recycling or disposal in accordance with prevailing country, federal, state and local regulations.14. TRANSPORT INFORMATIONDOT (US)This substance is considered to be non-hazardous for transport.IMDGThis substance is considered to be non-hazardous for transport.IATAThis substance is considered to be non-hazardous for transport.15. REGULATORY INFORMATIONSARA 302 Components:No chemicals in this material are subject to the reporting requirements of SARA Title III, Section 302.SARA 313 Components:This material does not contain any chemical components with known CAS numbers that exceed the threshold (De Minimis) reporting levels established by SARA Title III, Section 313.SARA 311/312 Hazards:No SARA Hazards.Massachusetts Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Massachusetts Right to Know Act.Pennsylvania Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the Pennsylvania Right to Know Act.New Jersey Right To Know Components:No components are subject to the New Jersey Right to Know Act.California Prop. 65 Components:This product does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or anyother reproductive harm.16. OTHER INFORMATIONCopyright 2017 MedChemExpress. The above information is correct to the best of our present knowledge but does not purport to be all inclusive and should be used only as a guide. The product is for research use only and for experienced personnel. It must only be handled by suitably qualified experienced scientists in appropriately equipped and authorized facilities. The burden of safe use of this material rests entirely with the user. MedChemExpress disclaims all liability for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with this product.Caution: Product has not been fully validated for medical applications. For research use only.Tel: 609-228-6898 Fax: 609-228-5909 E-mail: tech@Address: 1 Deer Park Dr, Suite Q, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USAppm (f1)0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.08.1818.1728.1648.1628.1598.0718.0678.0558.0538.0538.0478.0448.0428.0378.0338.0297.9437.9427.4197.4177.4147.3237.3047.2186.9976.6256.6044.4364.2794.2214.2084.2054.1904.1874.1864.1844.1713.7513.3483.3453.3412.9352.9342.9322.9312.9282.9242.6732.6692.6662.6652.5052.5002.4952.1571.8131.8021.7991.7971.7801.7791.7401.7381.7381.7371.7151.7021.6991.6961.6951.68915150214980.8690.815-0.0032.03417.4801.4602.5511.1643.5318.332 5.22410.18210.1064.1899.54021.8987.34610.0471.4155.6736.470Date:1 Jun 2015Document's Title:Catalog No: HY-15664 Batch#09618Spectrum Title:HY_CPK2015-526-09618Frequency (MHz):(f1) 399.741Original Points Count:(f1) 32768Actual Points Count:(f1) 65536Acquisition Time (sec):(f1) 4.0894Spectral Width (ppm):(f1) 20.045 Pulse Program:UnknownTemperature: 20Number of Scans: 8Acq. Date: May 26 2015D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Asn-Gly-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile-Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu-OH TFASample ID:CPK2015-526-09618,Catalog No: HY-15664 Batch#09618,DMSO。
盐酸倍他司汀及其关键中间体的合成综述
盐酸倍他司汀及其关键中间体的合成综述盐酸倍他司汀(Escitalopram hydrobromide)是一种常用的抗抑郁药物,广泛用于治疗抑郁症和焦虑症。
它是一种选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI),能有效增加大脑中去甲肾上腺素的水平,从而改善情绪和心理状态。
盐酸倍他司汀的合成工艺涉及多个中间体的合成步骤,下面将从中间体入手,对盐酸倍他司汀及其关键中间体的合成进行综述。
一、关键中间体的合成1. 3-氯-3-(二氯甲基)丙烯(3-Chloro-3-(dichloromethyl)propene)3-氯-3-(二氯甲基)丙烯是合成盐酸倍他司汀的关键中间体之一,它通常通过氯乙腈和三氯乙酸的反应制备。
首先将氯乙腈和三氯乙酸在二氯甲烷中反应,再加入三甲胺,使用活性碳吸附,最后蒸馏得到3-氯-3-(二氯甲基)丙烯。
2. 3-(二氯甲基)-7-氟-1,3-二氢-5-(4-甲基-1-哌啶基)-2H-1,4-苯并二氮在-3-酮(3-(Dichloromethyl)-7-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2H-1,4-be nzodiazepin-2-one)以上述3-氯-3-(二氯甲基)丙烯为起始原料,通过串联反应得到3-(二氯甲基)-7-氟-1,3-二氢-5-(4-甲基-1-哌啶基)-2H-1,4-苯并二氮在-3-酮。
将3-氯-3-(二氯甲基)丙烯和对氨基苯甲酮在三甲苯中加热反应,生成中间体,再用氢醌处理,发生串联反应,得到目标产物。
3. 盐酸倍他司汀通过将3-(二氯甲基)-7-氟-1,3-二氢-5-(4-甲基-1-哌啶基)-2H-1,4-苯并二氮在-3-酮与盐酸的反应,得到盐酸倍他司汀的合成。
二、盐酸倍他司汀的合成综述盐酸倍他司汀的合成工艺包括多个中间体的合成步骤,其合成路线如下:以上合成路线中间体的合成步骤相对繁琐,需要多步反应和纯化过程,针对每个中间体的合成过程进行优化是十分重要的。
阿司咪唑
合成方法
合成方法
化合物(I)和碘甲烷在乙醇中回流8h,环合得到化合物(Ⅱ)。再水解脱去酯基,得到化合物(Ⅲ)。用对甲氧 基苯乙基溴进行N-烷基化,得化合物(Ⅳ)。再用对氟苄基溴烷基化,得阿司咪唑。
1. 1-[(4-氟苯基)甲基]-苯并咪唑-2-(3H)-酮的制备
在反应瓶中加入2-羟基苯并咪唑5.0g(37.3mmol)和NaH 1.6g(53mmol)(NaH含量大约为80%,浸入矿物油中) 的DMF 100ml的悬浮液.加毕.在60ºC.(最好有N2保护)搅拌反应1h.再加入4-氟苄基氯(FBC)5.4g(37mmol),加热 ( 6 0 ºC ) 搅 拌 反 应 5 . 5 h . 冷 却 至 室 温 后 加 入 冰 水 7 0 0 m l , 用 二 氯 甲 烷 ( 5 0 0 m l × 2 ) 提 取 . 有 机 层 用 食 盐 水 洗 . 无 水 N a 2 S O 4 干燥.过滤.滤液减压浓缩.剩余物用石油醚析晶.得1-[(4-氟苯基)甲基]-苯并咪唑-2-(3H)-酮固体8.0g,为无色 结 晶 m p 1 7 8 ~ 1 7 9 ºC , 收 率 8 8 % .
治疗措施
阿司咪唑中毒的治疗要点为: 1.大量摄入者予洗胃,后灌服活性炭和导泻。 2.对心肌抑制和Q-T间期延长者予5%碳酸氢钠250ml静注可能有效。 3.对症、支持治疗。
专家点评
专家点评
阿司咪阿司咪唑自1983年上市以来,在许多国家得到了广泛应用。国外研究显示阿司咪唑治疗荨麻疹的总有 效率为74%。国内的一项多中心双盲安慰剂对照试验表明阿司咪唑对急性荨麻疹的总有效率为82.9%,对慢性荨麻 疹的总有效率为86.0%,均显著高于安慰剂,主要不良反应为嗜睡、倦怠、口干等,连续用药3个月的患者中,半 数有食欲及体重增加。阿司咪唑的心脏毒性虽然发生率较低,但由于后果严重,已限制了它的应用。阿司咪唑为 强效和长效的H1受体拮抗剂,无中枢镇静和抗毒蕈碱样作用。代谢产物去甲阿司咪唑仍有抗胆胺作用。长期服用 可增进食欲和增加体重,服用过量可引起心脏Q-T间期延长和室性心律失常。适用于各种原因引起过敏性疾病。
醋酸氯己定溶液结构式
醋酸氯己定溶液结构式醋酸氯己定(Chlortetracycline)是一种广谱抗生素,属于四环类抗生素。
其化学名为7-chloro-4-dimethylamino-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide。
ClH3C-CH3CH3COOHHO-C-OHHO-C-OHHO-C-OHHO-C-OHC=O从上述结构式中可以看出,醋酸氯己定的分子由四环核心和醋酸取代基组成。
其中四环核心由环状芳香化合物1,4-二烯酮环和二羟基酸羧酰胺环组成,这两个环通过共用一个碳原子连接在一起。
环状芳香化合物1,4-二烯酮环上有一个氯原子取代。
四环核心上的羟基和羧基则通过键连接到醋酸取代基上。
醋酸氯己定的结构中含有多个亲电官能团(如酮基、酯基和羧基),这些亲电官能团使醋酸氯己定具有较强的化学活性。
此外,四环核心结构使得醋酸氯己定具有吸附能力,能够通过与细菌细胞表面的阴离子固定在一起,从而抑制细菌的生长。
醋酸氯己定是一种广谱抗生素,对多种细菌具有抑制作用。
应用于医学领域,主要用于治疗各种感染,特别是对于有痰、中耳炎、骨髓炎、阴道炎等的感染具有显著疗效。
此外,醋酸氯己定还被应用在兽药领域,用于治疗家禽和家畜的各种疾病。
值得注意的是,醋酸氯己定属于四环类抗生素,与其它四环类抗生素(如四环素)在结构上有相似之处。
然而,醋酸氯己定的抗菌活性要强于四环素,可以对耐四环素的菌株起到治疗效果。
为了克服醋酸氯己定在水中溶解度低的问题,可通过制备其溶液或与其它药物混合使用来提高其药效。
盐酸三氟拉嗪
盐酸三氟拉嗪【英文/拉丁名称】Trifluoperzine Hydrochloride【性状】本品为白色或微黄色的结晶性粉末;无臭或几乎无臭,味苦;微有引湿性;遇光渐变色【功能与主治】①精神分裂症:偏执型、紧张型、单纯型、慢性型。
②焦虑状态。
③各种原因的呕吐。
【剂量/用法用量】口服,精神病,一次5~10mg,一日15~30mg,镇吐,一次1~2mg,一日2~4mg。
【注意事项】肝功能不全者慎用。
【别名】甲哌氟丙嗪,三氟吡拉嗪,三氟拉嗪(Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride)Stelazine,Terflazine,T erfluzine,Triphthazinum,Amylozine,Calmazine。
【制剂/规格】盐酸三氟拉嗪(Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride)。
①片剂:1mg,2mg,5mg。
②注射液:1mg/1ml。
【类别】抗精神病药、镇吐药。
【不良反应】常见口干、流涎、视力模糊、排尿困难及锥体外系反应。
偶见有胃肠道症状、失眠、烦躁、心动过速、肝功能及血液损害。
【生产企业】上海九福药业有限公司。
本品在水中易溶,在乙醇中溶解,在氯仿中微溶,在乙醚中不溶。
药物分析方法名称:盐酸三氟拉嗪的测定—中和滴定法应用范围:本方法采用滴定法测定盐酸三氟拉嗪的含量。
本方法适用于盐酸三氟拉嗪。
方法原理:避光操作。
供试品加冰醋酸溶解后,加醋酸汞试液与结晶紫指示液后,用高氯酸滴定液(0.1mol/L)滴定至溶液显蓝色,记录高氯酸滴定液的使用量,计算,即得。
试剂:1. 水(新沸放置至室温)2. 高氯酸滴定液(0.1mol/L)3. 结晶紫指示液4. 醋酐5. 冰醋酸6. 醋酸汞试液7. 基准邻苯二甲酸氢钾仪器设备:试样制备:1. 高氯酸滴定液(0.1mol/L)配制:取无水冰醋酸(按含水量计算,每1g水加醋酐5.22mL)750mL,加入高氯酸(70%-72%)8.5mL,摇匀,在室温下缓缓滴加醋酐23mL,边加边摇,加完后再振摇均匀,放冷,加无水冰醋酸适量使成1000mL,摇匀,放置24小时。
沙奎那韦
谢谢观看
联合治疗可以使AIDS合并症或垂危状态的危险性减少53%,死亡率减少72%。这与治疗18个月后AIDS合并症或 死亡率由29.4%降至16.0%是相符的;同样,单纯死亡率由8.6%降至4.1%。在3个治疗组中,平均疗程为11~13个 月,平均随访时间是17个月。
该研究中,所有治疗组CD4细胞基线计数平均为156~176/立方毫米。16周后(DAVG16),沙奎那韦联合ddc 治疗组CD4细胞增加26/立方毫米,血浆病毒载量减少0.6log10RNA拷贝/毫升。16周时,CD4细胞平均值增加47/ 立方毫米。12周时,血浆病毒载量平均值降低0.7log10RNA拷贝/毫升。
与核苷类似物(齐多夫定等)不同,沙奎那韦直接作用于病毒靶酶,不需经代谢激活,对静止细胞也有潜在 作用。在10-10摩尔/升浓度下,沙奎那韦对淋巴母细胞株和单核细胞株以及被实验室病毒株或临床分离的HIV-1 感染的淋巴细胞和单核细胞的起始培养有作用。
实验室细胞培养结果显示,沙奎那韦在与其他逆转录酶抑制剂(包括AZT(齐多夫定)、ddc(扎西他滨)、 ddI(去羟肌苷)进行两联或三联治疗HIV-1感染时,有附加的协同抗病毒作用,但毒性并不增加 。
机体对静注沙奎那韦6、36、72毫克后清除率很高,为1.14升/小时/千克(CV12%),略高于肝血流,并为常 数。体内存留时间平均为7小时。
适应症
沙奎那韦可与其他抗逆转录病毒药物联合使用治疗成人HIV-1感染 。
用法与用量
1
标准剂量
2
剂量调整
3
不良反应
4
禁忌
5
药物相互作用
成人及16岁以上儿童:推荐方案是与核苷类似物联合用药,餐后2小时内服用沙奎那韦600毫克,每天3次。 联合使用的抗逆转录病毒药物的剂量参考处方手册。与其他蛋白酶抑制剂合用时,沙奎那韦应减量(见【药物相 互作用】)。与其他蛋白酶抑制剂一样,强烈推荐按医嘱服药。
西地那非
磷酸二酯diesterase ,简称为PDE)具有水解细 胞内第二信使(cAMP,环磷酸腺苷或cGMP,环磷酸鸟苷)的功能,降 解细胞内cAMP或cGMP,从而终结这些第二信使所传导的生化作用。 磷酸二酯酶抑制药(英语:Phosphodiesterase inhibitor)拥有抑制磷 酸二酯酶活性的功效,降低第二信使(cAMP或cGMP)的水解,因而 提升细胞内cAMP或cGMP的浓度。 PDE5抑制剂通过抑制PDE5而使胞内cGMP升高将有利于高血压、充 血性心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病和心绞痛的治疗,且PDE5 抑制剂尚有 拭血小板和抗血栓活性。此外,PDE5 抑制荆能降低肺动脉压力并对 心率影响极少,有望成为新型的选择性的肺动脉扩张荆。
西地那非
化学式
C22H30N6O4S
分子量 盐基: 474.6 g/mol 1-[4-ethoxy-3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl) phenylsulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate 14-乙氧基-3-[5-(6,7-二氢-1-甲基-7-氧代-3-丙 基-1H-吡唑并[4,3d]嘧啶)]苯磺酰4-甲基哌嗪 枸橼酸盐 在香港和台湾,盐基或碱基, 有时也称做碱(尽管“碱”具 有多种意义)。这是根据布朗 斯特-劳里学说关于酸和盐基的 部分,盐基可以简单想像成吸 收质子的物质。额外的定义包 括提供孤立电子对(由刘易斯 提出),以及是氢氧根离子的 来源(由阿伦尼乌斯提出)。
最新研究
PDE5-inhibitors have become the first-line standard therapy in erectile dysfunction (1). Nevertheless, this therapy is not cause dependent and has a success rate at standard doses of 77% (1). This type of medication is not indicated for patients treated with certain cardiac medicaments or with other known contraindications. PDE5-inhibitors have some, not always harmless, side effects who prevent patients from continuous use. Furthermore, the medication is not covered by most health insurances and therefore is not affordable for many patients. Virag et al. reported, that after 2 years from the completion of the trial only 32% of the patients (17.2% of the initial cohort) were still using sildenafil as a single treatment (2). In those patients who do not respond to sildenafil, a structural alteration in the components of the erectile mechanism can be suspected (1). Penile erection is believed to be the result of venous occlusion along with increased arterial inflow and cor- poreal smooth muscle relaxation. A failure of the closing mechanism of the penile veins is one of the most com- mon causes of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. In the past procedures as deep dorsal vein ligation have been performed to recover erectile function (10).
中国药典2000版二部:盐酸三氟拉嗪片
药品名称盐酸三氟拉嗪⽚拼⾳名 Yansuan Sanfulaqin Pian英⽂名 TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS来源(分⼦式)与标准本品含盐酸三氟拉嗪(C21H24F3N3S.2HCl)应为标⽰量的90.0~110.0 %。
性状 本品为糖⾐⽚,除去糖⾐后显⽩⾊。
检查 含量均匀度 避光操作。
取本品1 ⽚,置乳钵中,加盐酸溶液(1→20) 适量,研磨,使盐酸三氟拉嗪溶解,除去不溶物,⽤盐酸溶液(1→20) 定量稀释制成每 1ml 含10µg的溶液,照含量测定项下的⽅法测定含量,应符合规定(附录Ⅹ E)。
其他 应符合⽚剂项下有关的各项规定(附录Ⅰ A)。
鉴别 (1) 取本品,除去糖⾐,研细,取细粉适量(约相当于盐酸三氟拉嗪10 mg),加⽔5ml ,振摇使盐酸三氟拉嗪溶解,滤过,取滤液加硝酸1ml ,溶液由粉红⾊变为棕⾊,加热后溶液显黄⾊。
(2) 取含量测定项下的溶液,照分光光度法(附录Ⅳ A)测定,在256nm 的波长处有吸收。
(3) 本品的⽔溶液显氯化物的鉴别反应(附录Ⅲ)。
含量测定 避光操作。
取本品20⽚,除去糖⾐后,精密称定,研细,精密称取适量(约相当于盐酸三氟拉嗪10mg),置100ml 量瓶中,加盐酸溶液(1→20) 适量使盐酸三氟拉嗪溶解,并稀释⾄刻度,摇匀,滤过,弃去初滤液,精密量取续滤液,⽤盐酸溶液(1→20) 定量稀释制成每1ml 中含10µg 的溶液,照分光光度法(附录Ⅳ A),在 256nm 的波长处测定吸收度,按C21H24F3N3S.2HCl的吸收系数(E1cm 1%)为630 计算,即得。
类别同盐酸三氟拉嗪。
剂量同盐酸三氟拉嗪。
注意同盐酸三氟拉嗪。
规格 (1) 1mg (2) 5mg贮藏避光,密封保存。
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=====================================================================Acq. Operator : Li Shan(LCMS-02) Seq. Line : 23
Acq. Instrument : HY-LCMS-02 Location : P1-B-09Injection Date : 6/16/2015 12:17:09 PM Inj : 1
Inj Volume : 3.000 µl
Acq. Method : D:\AGLIENT 1260\DATA\20150616\20150616 2015-06-16 10-40-24\100-1000MS+3MIN- 1.5_(0.02%FA).M
Last changed : 6/16/2015 10:40:24 AM by Li Shan(LCMS-02)Analysis Method : D:\AGLIENT 1260\METHOD\BLHM-277_7-H01P.M Last changed : 6/16/2015 2:12:39 PM by Li Shan(LCMS-02) (modified after loading)
Method Info : Postive,MS:50-1000,Column ID:A-RP-108,30℃
Catalog No : HY-B0532A Batch#16642 A-RP-132
Additional Info : Peak(s) manually integrated
min
0.5
1
1.52
2.53mAU 0
100200300400500600700 DAD1 C, Sig=254,4 Ref=off (D:\AGLIENT...60\DATA\20150616\20150616 2015-06-16 10-40-24\BIZ2015-616-DJL7.D)
1.534
1.686
1.838
===================================================================== Area Percent Report =====================================================================
Sorted By : Signal Multiplier : 1.0000Dilution : 1.0000
Do not use Multiplier & Dilution Factor with ISTDs
Signal 1: DAD1 C, Sig=254,4 Ref=off
Peak RetTime Type Width Area Height Area # [min] [min] [mAU*s] [mAU] %
----|-------|----|-------|----------|----------|--------| 1 1.534 MM 0.0571 1.43452 4.18978e-1 0.0445 2 1.686 MM 0.0554 1.66391 5.00481e-1 0.0516 3 1.838 MM 0.0711 3221.67969 754.92377 99.9039
Totals : 3224.77811 755.84323
===================================================================== *** End of Report ***
=====================================================================Acq. Operator : Li Shan(LCMS-02) Seq. Line : 23
Acq. Instrument : HY-LCMS-02 Location : P1-B-09Injection Date : 6/16/2015 12:17:09 PM Inj : 1
Inj Volume : 3.000 µl
Acq. Method : D:\AGLIENT 1260\DATA\20150616\20150616 2015-06-16 10-40-24\100-1000MS+3MIN- 1.5_(0.02%FA).M
Last changed : 6/16/2015 10:40:24 AM by Li Shan(LCMS-02)Analysis Method : D:\AGLIENT 1260\METHOD\BLHM-277_7-H01P.M Last changed : 6/16/2015 2:13:45 PM by Li Shan(LCMS-02) (modified after loading)
Method Info : Postive,MS:50-1000,Column ID:A-RP-108,30℃
Catalog No : HY-B0532A Batch#16642 A-RP-132
Additional Info : Peak(s) manually integrated
min
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
200000
4000006000008000001000000 MSD1 TIC, MS File (D:\AGLIENT 1260\DATA\20150616\20150616 2015-06-16 10-40-24\BIZ2015-616-DJL7.D) ES-API, Pos, Sca
1.846
MS Signal: MSD1 TIC, MS File, ES-API, Pos, Scan, Frag: 50 Spectra averaged over upper half of peaks. Noise Cutoff: 1000 counts.
Reportable Ion Abundance: > 10%.
Retention Mol. Weight Time (MS) MS Area or Ion
1.846 7961987 409.15 I 408.20 I 204.60 I
m/z
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
4500
20406080100*MSD1 SPC, time=1.817:1.908 of D:\AGLIENT 1260\DATA\20150616\20150616 2015-06-16 10-40-24\BIZ2015-616-DJL7.D ES-API,Max: 404501
410.1
204.6
409.1 408.2
*** End of Report ***。