Research review in Vietnam and Myanmar
研究生英语读写译教程课文-第三单元
研究生英语读写译教程课文-第三单元（ADB’s GMS program）亚洲开发银行的大湄公河次区域合作规划[1]The Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is a brainchild of the Asian Development Bank(ADB) comprising of five countries and one province Kingdom of Cambodia, Union of Myanmar kingdom of Thailand, socialist Republic of Vietnam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Yunnan Province of the People’s Republic of China.[1] 大湄公河次区域是亚洲开发银行（亚行）的创意，它最初由五个国家和一个省份组成-他们分别是柬埔寨王国，缅甸联邦，泰王国，越南社会主义共和国，老挝人民民主共和国和中华人民共和国的云南省。
[2] The Greater Mekong Sub-region GMS is an area with immense economic potential and rich natural resources. As many as 70 million people are living within the Mekong River Basin area and 260 million throughout the sub region. The GMS is also experiencing some of the fastest economic growth rates in the world Sustainable and equitable development, though, is hindered by poverty environmental degradation and lack of human resources, as well as differential social development and governance structures. Since its inception in 1992 by the 6 member governments, the GMs had undergo process of integration unprecedented in the region. Through multilateral cooperation and funding by international organizations( IOs), non-governmental organizations( NGOs), and private investments the Sub-region has experienced a boom in economic growth Until now, however, sub-regional integration has primarily been externally-driven through the funds ofinternational organizations, particularly the ADB, and foreign governments In order to achieve true integration and cooperation among the 6 member nations, it is necessary to create a new GMS spirit 15 years after its initial inception. An intensification of bi-and multilateral cooperation and an identification of GMS citizens with their region will pave the way for sustainable development and prolonged peace in the historically troubled region[2] 大湄公河次区域是一个拥有巨大经济潜力和丰富自然资源的区域。
老虎英语作文初一
老虎英语作文初一Tigers are one of the most fascinating and iconic animals in the world. These magnificent creatures have captured the imagination of people for centuries, and have been the subject of countless stories, myths, and legends. As the largest of the big cats, tigers are known for their raw power, speed, and agility, as well as their striking appearance with their distinctive orange and black striped coats.There are six subspecies of tigers that are found in various regions around the world, each with their own unique characteristics and adaptations to their particular environments. The Bengal tiger, found in India and Bangladesh, is the most numerous of the subspecies, with an estimated population of around 2,500 individuals. The Indochinese tiger, found in countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar, is the second most numerous with around 350 individuals. The Sumatran tiger, found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, is the smallest of the subspecies and is critically endangered with only around 400 individuals remaining.Tigers are apex predators, sitting at the top of the food chain in theirrespective ecosystems. They are known for their impressive hunting skills, using their powerful jaws and sharp teeth to take down large prey such as deer, wild boar, and even small elephants. Tigers are also skilled ambush predators, using their stealth and camouflage to sneak up on their prey before pouncing and delivering a fatal bite to the neck.One of the most fascinating aspects of tigers is their social behavior. These solitary animals are known to be highly territorial, and will fiercely defend their hunting grounds from other tigers. They communicate with each other through a variety of vocalizations, including roars, growls, and snarls, as well as through scent marking and visual displays.Tigers are also known for their impressive physical abilities. They are capable of running at speeds of up to 40 miles per hour, and can leap up to 30 feet in a single bound. Their powerful jaws and sharp teeth allow them to easily crush the bones of their prey, and their retractable claws give them an advantage in climbing and grasping.Despite their impressive physical attributes, tigers are facing a number of threats to their survival. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human development and deforestation have led to a significant decline in tiger populations around the world. Poaching for their valuable fur, bones, and other body parts has also been amajor threat, with many of the subspecies being classified as endangered or critically endangered.Conservation efforts have been underway for many years to try to protect and preserve tiger populations. Organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have been working to establish protected areas and enforce anti-poaching laws, as well as to educate the public about the importance of tiger conservation.One of the most successful conservation efforts has been the establishment of tiger reserves and national parks in countries such as India, where the Bengal tiger population has been steadily increasing in recent years. These protected areas provide a safe haven for tigers, allowing them to thrive and reproduce without the threat of human interference or poaching.Despite these efforts, the future of tigers remains uncertain. Climate change and other environmental factors may also pose a threat to their survival, as their habitats become increasingly fragile and unstable. However, with continued conservation efforts and public awareness, there is hope that these magnificent creatures will be able to survive and thrive for generations to come.In conclusion, tigers are truly remarkable animals that have capturedthe hearts and imaginations of people around the world. Their impressive physical abilities, social behavior, and ecological importance make them a vital part of the natural world. By working to protect and preserve tiger populations, we can ensure that these majestic creatures will continue to roam the earth for many years to come.。
英语作文研究的研究过程和反思体会
英语作文研究的研究过程和反思体会1. Introduction (Introduction)中文：研究之旅的启程往往始于一个引人入胜的问题。
在我最近进行的英语写作研究项目中，我选择了探讨如何有效地提升非母语英语学习者的书面表达能力这一主题。
这个阶段，我首先进行了大量的文献阅读与理论探索，试图在已有的学术框架下寻找可能的研究缺口和创新点。
English: The inception of any research journey often begins with an intriguing question. In my recent English writing research project, I embarked on exploring how to effectively enhance the written proficiency of non-native English speakers. At this stage, I delved into extensive literature review and theoretical investigation, aiming to identify potential gaps and innovative points within the existing academic framework.2. Research Design and Data Collection (Research Design and Data Gathering)中文：确定了研究方向后，我精心设计了一份包含定量和定性元素的调查问卷，并通过线上线下相结合的方式收集数据。
同时，我还组织了几场深度访谈，以便更深入地理解学习者在提高书面英语能力过程中遇到的具体挑战。
整个过程充满挑战，但每一步都让我对研究问题有了更为具体和全面的认识。
English: Upon establishing the research direction, I meticulously designed a survey that combined quantitative and qualitative elements, collecting data through both online and offline channels. Additionally, I conducted several in-depth interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the specific challenges faced by learners in improving their written English skills. This process was challenging but each step significantly contributed to a more concrete and comprehensive grasp of the research issue.3. Data Analysis and Interpretation (Data Analysis and Interpretation)中文：在数据分析阶段，我运用统计软件处理量化数据，同时采用内容分析法解析定性反馈。
澜沧江湄公河合作机制研究(英文)
Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism澜沧-湄公合作机制摘要:2016年3月23日中国与泰国、越南等湄公河流域五国在海南三亚举行了澜沧江-湄公河合作首次领导人会议，澜沧江-湄公河合作机制于2015年九月在云南景洪正式确立。
这是我国在：“一带一路”后又一重要对外开放举措。
此举开拓了东南亚这一新的经济领域，对我国商务、外交均具有重要意义。
本文意在对此新闻进行分析，从该举措历史渊源、具体内容、机遇、挑战、前景等方面进行深层探讨。
关键词:Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism澜沧江-湄公河合作机制，one belt one road一带一路，Economy经济，Opportunities机遇，Challenges挑战With abundant resources, a drainage area of 795,000 square kilometers where lives 326 million people, a GDP of 590 billion dollars and an annual economic growth rate of 7%, the Lancang-Mekong region is now one of the most promising region in Asia and the world at large. With the east wind of “one belt one road” China accelerated to establish cooperative relationships with those countries in Southeast Asia. The Lancang-Mekong cooperation began in 2014, put forward by primer Li in Myanmar, and it was set down in September 2016 in Jinghong Yunnan. This action opened a new door of China to be within the world.1Overview of LMCM1.1History backgroundLancang River oriented from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai Province, it flows through the Tibet Region, Yunnan Province and cuts across alpine and gorge regions. After the river flows out of China from Xishaungbanna, it is called Mekong River. The river is 4,880 km long, and it successively flows through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam to reach the South China Sea. The river links the 6 countries, breeds their similar yet distinctive culture and forged their time- honored, profound and extensive economic and humanistic connection.1.2Process of establishmentChina has established diplomatic relation with countries in the CMLM since the founding of People‟s Republic of China separately. Then China led some bilateral cooperation with Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam and Myanmar, such as China-Laos Railway and so on. In 2014, It is a consensus to built an Multilateral security system among the six countries in the China- ASEAN Leaders‟ meeting. The plan came in to fact in 2015 in Yunnan. Time passed to M arch 23th 2016, the first CMLM ministers‟ meeting was held in Hainan Sanya, a lot of projects about national economy and the people‟s livelihood were discussed and would be put into practice.1.3Objects of CMLM1.3.1PeaceAs there are a lot of criminal affairs such as smuggle, drug trafficking and kidnap & sell people. The sixcountries are making joint efforts to fight against transnational crimes and maintain orders at the borderregions, with an aim to build a peaceful sub-regional environment.1.3.2Infrastructure connectivityThe open of kunming-Bangkok Road and the initiation of China-Thailand Railway all mark the rudiment of the middle route of Trans-Asian Railway that connects the six countries. The second-Phase renovation ofLancang-Mekong Channel has been launched, to further enhance its carrying capacity. More airlines will opento connect those nations.1.3.3Cross-border EconomyLMCM will strength production capacity cooperation, complement respective advantage and build cross-border industrial clusters and chains through the construction of industrial parts. Fields such as railway,power, electronics energy resources and machinery are think highly of.1.3.4Water ResourcesWe will develop hydroelectric resources of Lancang-Mekong River in a scientific manner, establish water resource cooperation center, share information and data of the river, to provide better life of residents livingby the river.1.3.5AgricultureAll six countries are agricultural countries; famers‟ employment and rural poverty alleviation are important projects for member countries. In the future, the six countries will concentrate on establishingagricultural cooperation platform, promotion of poverty alleviation and the building of pilot programs ofpoverty reduction.2Opportunities and Challenges of LMCM.2.1Opportunities2.1.1“One belt one road” and other Symbioses as BasesThe Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st century Maritime Silk Road has their intersection areas in Southeast Asia. With rapid expansion and some beneficial policies of “one belt one road”, some funds andopportunities are provided at that period.Also as some cooperative associations like Great Mekong Sub region Cooperation, Asian Development Bankand ASEAN have already built close relationships among the six countries, it will be easier for China tocooperate with them. And some projects about regional development have been under way; we just need tomake it further developed.2.1.2China’s rapid expansion provided fund guaranteeIn the past few years, Chinese economy has developed a lot, not only its GDP is in the second place of the world, but also the capability of foreign investment of China is growing fast. China has the largest foreignexchange reserve in the world, RMB joined SDR last year, and Chinese economy has been in a statue of NewNormal, the foundation of ALLB also led by China. All these factors expressed a fact that China can provideconstant energy for LMCM.2.1.3Countries in Southeast Asia have enthusiasmThe five countries in Mekong drainage have suffered a long time of poverty and under-development.Although those countries have a good prospect about their future, they have less effort to solve their currentproblems. Facing with helps from China, they are welcoming with enthusiasm.2.2Challenges2.2.1Vague political outlook in Southeast countriesThe political development had made great progress in Mekong drainage countries after the cold war. But there are some hidden dangers in these five countries. Laos and Vietnam have potential risks to change theirsocialist regime, especially after Laos joined TPP. Thailand is under the governance of military. Myanmar…snewly established democratic system can‟t solve their problems of contradiction among nationalities andreligions. The vague of political outlook in above countries is a major barrier of LMCM.2.2.2Economically backward in Mekong drainage countriesAlthough great progress had been made in the five countries, they are facing backward in social economy, they are lack of fund to conduct infrastructure construction. When the LMCM is carried out comprehensively,China will under great pressure to devote a lot of money, and the investment has a long term and slow capitalreturn.3Rules in implement of LMCM3.1Enhance Competition Facing with Developed CountriesAs the Southeast Asia is an area under fierce competition. Japan, the US, EU, Australia, Italy, Canada and India are all eager to enter this promising market. The American president Obama has signed agreements with those countries, Japan input numerous capitals and technology into that area, India has established Mekong- Ganges cooperation mechanism with Mekong countries. All the powers need to be paid attention. China must put effort on self construction and gain active position in competition.3.2Pay attention on Environmental ProtectionMany a argument have be brought up about water resources and environmental protection among China and other countries. As the upper reaches of Mekong River is in China, every measure China takes about utilizing water resources need to considerate the affects to downstream countries. Such as building hydropower stations, if it will affect biodiversity in the river, it will not be built. There are NGO in southeast supervising China, our country need to take environmental protection seriously, to make LMCM move smoothly and effectively.3.3Don’t be Urgent for SuccessSome countries in Mekong drainage are in doubt about Chinese future and Chinese threat theory. Lots of mega projects like building railways will be related to sovereign risk and lifestyles of local people will be changed.Challenges are everywhere, we need to keep sober about all the risks, and don‟t be anxious about success to make ourcooperation with Mekong countries prosperous.4ConclusionLMCM is a new science in Asia-Pacific region and an organic component in “one belt one road”. At present, there are both great opportunities and challenges with the project. To achieve great progress in it, changes must be made in our, concept, mentality, method and starting point. Only we take it seriously, can we get ideal consequence.(words:1428) Reference:[1] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 2016. Five Feature of Lancang-Mekong River Cooperation [Online](Updated 17 Mar 2016)Available at: /mfa_eng/zxx_662805/t1349239.shtml [Accessed April 10, 2016][2] CHINA-SOUTH ASIA EXPO 2016. China says Lancang-Mekong Cooperation to bridge development gaps within ASEAN. [Online]( Updated 21 March 2016)Available at: /en-us/TopicDetail/613341 [Accesses April 10, 2016][3] Global Times 2016. Lancang-Mekong mechanism can be model for cooperation on South China Sea [Online](Updated 8 April 2016)Available at: /content/977695.shtml [Accesses April 10, 2016][4] ASIA PACIFIC DAILY 2016. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation mechanism to boost China-Laos economic cooperation. [Online]( Updated 21 March 2016)Available at: /business/economist/362607.html [Accesses April 10, 2016][5] CHINADAILY 2016. Mekong Cooperation Produces Positive Vibes. [Online] [Updated 16 April 2016]Available at: /cndy/2016-04/16/content_24590255.htm[Accesses April 10, 2016][6] The Third 2016. China drives water cooperation with Mekong countries. [Online] (Updated 01 February 2016) Available at: /i/jot [Accesses April 10, 2016]。
美国智库CSIS对中国南海、东海问题立场分析——以“亚洲海事透明倡议”(AMTI)网站为例
白丽芳摇 朱小茜
( 海南大学外国语学院摇 海口摇 570228)
摘摇 要摇 [ 目的 / 意义] “ 亚洲海事透明倡议冶 ( Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative,AMTI) 是由美国智库“ 战略与国 际研究中心冶 ( Center for Strategic and International Studies,CSIS) 专门围绕东海、南海问题而建立的网站,从 AMTI 的 报道可以了解美国政府在相关问题上的立场,但目前国内尚无关于该网站的相关分析。 [ 方法 / 过程] 收集了 AMTI 网站近一年多共一万多字的英文专题报道,建成一小型语料库;采用 AntConc 软件统计词频,分析搭配模式或词汇 共现模式。 [结果 / 结论]该网站明显偏袒日本、越南等国,宣扬所谓的“ 中国威胁冶,目的是维护美国在亚太地区的 经济政治利益。 中国迫切需要成立专门的海洋话语权研究机构,应对外媒不利宣传,打赢东海、南海的舆论之战。 关键词摇 战略与国际研究中心摇 亚洲海事透明倡议摇 语料库摇 话语权 中图分类号摇 G209摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文献标识码摇 A摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 文章编号摇 1002-1965(2018)08-0023-09 引用格式摇 白丽芳,朱小茜. 美国智库 CSIS 对中国南海、东海问题立场分析[ J] . 情报杂志,2018,37(8) :23-31. DOI摇 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1002-1965. 2018. 08. 005
英语四级段落翻译大全
英语四级段落翻译大全大学英语四级考试(CET-4)是检验大学英语教学的重要手段,又是关系到大学生毕业与就业的重要因素,因此学好英语迫在眉睫。
店铺整理了英语四级段落翻译，欢迎阅读!英语四级段落翻译篇一蒙古族牧民(Mongolian herdsmen)的生活方式很有特色。
牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶。
他们大多住在圆形的蒙古包(Mongolian yurt)里。
蒙古包顶上开有天窗(skylight)，用来通风和采光。
蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞的民族。
每年七八月举行的“那达慕”大会(the NadamFair)，是蒙古族同胞—年一度的盛大节日。
大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭比赛和精彩的歌舞表演。
每逢盛会，人们都从四面八方赶来参加比赛、观看表演，宁静的大草原顿时变成了欢乐的海洋。
参考翻译:The lifestyle of Mongolian herdsmen is distinctive.Herdsmen like eating beef, mutton and dairyproducts and drinking black tea and brick tea. Mostof them live in Mongolian yurt with a skylight forventilating and lighting. Mongolian people areexperts at horseback riding and shooting and skilled in singing and dancing. The Nadam Fairheld in July or August every year is an annual grand festival for Mongolian people. There arehorse racing,wrestling,archery contest and wonderful dancing and singing performances duringthe festival.During each Nadam Fair, people from different places come to compete and watchperformances, instantly turning the quiet grasslands into a sea of pleasure.1.蒙古族牧民的生活方式很有特色:作为段落的第一句，翻译时一定要恰当处理。
关于经济类英语文章阅读范文欣赏
关于经济类英语文章阅读范文欣赏经济方面的问题一直都是为人们所重点关注的，作为写作话题也是很常见的。
今天小编在这里为大家介绍关于经济类英语文章阅读，欢迎大家阅读!关于经济类英语文章篇1 东南亚诸国无惧英国脱欧唯怕中国经济放缓or Southeast Asia, the slowdown of Chinas economy may have a bigger economic impactthan the British vote to leave the European Union.对东南亚地区来说，中国经济放缓对其经济的影响可能要比英国公投脱欧大得多。
Chinas government reported the countrys economy expanded at 6.7 percent in the first threemonths of this year. That is high compared to many countries. However, it is the lowestincrease of its Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, since early 2009.根据政府报告显示，我国今年前三个月的经济增速为6.7%。
这个增速已经比很多国家要高了。
但是，这是自2009年年初以来国内生产总值(GDP)最低的一次增长。
Joseph Incalcaterra is an economist with the British bankHSBC. He has studied economicgrowth in Asia from 2000 to 2014. He says Chinese trade became more and more important inthe area during those years. Yet, he notes that Chinas slowing economy is, in his words, weighing down exports in the rest of the region.尹正和是在英国汇丰银行工作的经济学家。
大陆东南亚(中南半岛)的主要森林植被类型介绍
大陆东南亚（中南半岛）的主要森林植被类型介绍作者：朱华来源：《广西植物》2019年第01期摘要： ;;;大陆东南亚（中南半岛）的植被研究情况鲜为人知，至今仍无系统研究资料。
该文依据数次对该地区的野外考察和资料收集，介绍了东南亚植被的研究情况和文献资料以及对该地区主要森林植被的分类和各主要植被类型的特征。
大陆东南亚地区在植被分类上包括七个主要的陆生及湿地的森林植被类型：针叶林、针阔混交林、热带山地常绿阔叶林、热带雨林、热带季节性湿润林、热带季风林（季雨林）、干旱刺灌丛/萨王纳植被。
其中，针叶林植被型包括温性针叶林和热性针叶林二个植被亚型;针阔混交林包括温性针阔混交林和暖温性针阔混交林二个亚型;热带雨林植被型包括热带低地常绿雨林、热带季节性雨林（热带低地半常绿雨林）、热带山地雨林及泥炭沼泽森林四个植被亚型。
该文还对大陆东南亚地区植被研究历史、植被分类系统、类型特征及植物区系组成进行了讨论。
关键词： ;植被类型，分类，群落特征，分布，大陆东南亚1 IntroductionMainland Southeast （SE） Asia （Indochina peninsula） is composed of five countries：Myanmar （Burma）， Thailand， Cambodia， Lao PDR and Vietnam. In biogeography ，mainland SE Asia is an intrinsically floristic unit （Zhu， 2017a）. Vegetation studies for the whole of mainland SE Asia are lacking， except for the works of Blasco et al. （1996），Vidal （1997）and Ashton （2014）. Blasco published a vegetation map of tropical continental Asia， and Ashton described the forests of tropical Asia， including seasonal forests in tropical continental Asia. However， vegetation studies for each indivi- dual ;SE Asia country began early， especially in Thailand， Vietnam and Myanmar where there have been a lot of studies， but there have been fewer in Laos and Cambodia.In Thailand， the first vegetation survey was made by Credner （1935）， in which a concise outline of Thai vegetation was given. Ogawa et al. （1961） focused on northern Thailand vegetation and published “A preliminary survey on the vegetation of Thailand”. Smitinand （1966） studied the limestone vegetation in northern Thailand and Santisuk （1988） gave an account of the vegetation of northern Thailand. Phengklai （1989） studied the peat swamp forest of Thailand. After these authors’ works， a lot of studies on vegetation for various national parks and nature reserves， such as Maxwell & Elliott （2001） for Doi-Sutep National Park， have also been made.In Vietnam，Schmid （1974）published “Vegetation du Viet Nam”. Many vegetational studies on various national parks and nature reserves have also been made，such as Thin’s ;work （1997），“The vegetation of Cucphuong National Park，Vietnam”.In Laos PDR， Vidal （1960， 1972）published “The forests of Laos” and “La vegetation du Laos”. He distinguished the forest types of Laos as moist semi-deciduous forests with dipterocarps，mixed deciduous forests， and savanna in the lowlands， and moist montane forest of Fagaceae ;and Lauraceae species dominating the highlands.In Cambodia， Dy Phon （1970）published “La vegetation du sud-ouest du Cambodge”. Rollet （1972）published “La vegetation du Cambodge”， and Martin （1973）published “Notes on the vegetation of the Cardamon Mountains，Cambodia”.。
关于云南的作文
关于云南的作文英文回答：Yunnan province, located in southwest China, is knownfor its diverse ethnic culture, stunning natural landscapes, and rich historical heritage. It borders Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam and is the gateway to Southeast Asia. Yunnan's unique geographical location has shaped its cultural and historical tapestry.Yunnan boasts a kaleidoscope of ethnic groups, eachwith its distinct traditions, languages, and customs. The Yi, Bai, Dai, and Hani are just a few of the 25 ethnic minorities that call Yunnan home. This diversity isreflected in the province's vibrant festivals, colorful costumes, and exquisite handicrafts.Nature has endowed Yunnan with a breathtaking panoramaof landscapes. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayasto the verdant rainforests of the Xishuangbanna, Yunnanoffers a symphony of natural wonders. The province is hometo picturesque lakes, cascading waterfalls, and deep gorges. The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a testament to theprovince's geological diversity.Yunnan's history is intertwined with the Silk Road, which passed through the province for centuries. Kunming, the provincial capital, was a major trading hub along this ancient route. The province also played a significant rolein the tea-horse trade between China and Tibet. Today, Yunnan is a modern and thriving province with a richcultural legacy that continues to enchant visitors from around the world.中文回答：云南省位于中国西南部，以其多样化的民族文化、迷人的自然景色和丰富的历史遗产而闻名。
国宝大熊猫英语作文【四篇】
【导语】相信各位都应该知道，大熊猫是我国的国宝，大熊猫体色为黑白两色，脸颊圆，有很大的黑眼圈，可以说十分可爱。
以下是为大家精心整理的内容，欢迎大家阅读。
【篇一】国宝大熊猫英语作文Do you know the giant panda? It is the national treasure of our country! They have round heads, sharp teeth in their mouths, and their "black eye circles" are particularly eye-catching. Their short limbs, fat and big bodies are dressed in black-and-white fur coats, giving people a simple and honest feeling. His favorite snack is bamboo.Giant pandas have a bad habit: they drink after eating and sleep after drinking, which may be the reason for their fat body. Every time they drink water, they climb to the pool, and then use their forepaws to put the water in their mouth. The water in their body is like wine, like a drunken person, staggering on the ground to sleep, and occasionally perform a set of "drunken boxing" before going to bed!Do you know why giant pandas have the reputation of national treasure? That's because they are our "friendship bridge" between China and foreign countries. China is the only country with giant pandas. Pandas from other countries are all sent by China. Moreover, they are China's "living fossils" and one of the rare and endangered wild animals.Our national treasure giant panda is wonderful!【篇二】国宝大熊猫英语作文Giant panda is a very lovely and rare animal. It is a big star in the animal world, known as "national treasure", also known as "peace messenger" and "Happy Star" at home and abroad.If you don't look at it carefully, you will feel that it has a pair of big eyes like pears. But if you look at it carefully, it is a pair of small, small eyes! Such small eyes make it look more and morelovely. You will never think that such a lovely animal will be angry sometimes. It will be even more fierce than leopard! It also has the legend of "iron eating beast" in the folk!What's panda's favorite food? You'd say bamboo. Of course, you don't think that a long time ago, giant panda was actually a carnivore, but because of the decrease of meat, it could only eat Fargesia and Phyllostachys pubescens.A long time ago, the breeding of giant pandas entered a golden age. Even Vietnam and Myanmar have their footprints. But now, the number of wild giant pandas in the world is less than 1600, and the main habitats are Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and other places in China. It's not easy for mother panda to have a baby, and even artificial reproduction is difficult to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, human beings should abide by the principle of "no less than one panda" and protect giant pandas, otherwise they will be on the verge of extinction.In the future, I hope the number of giant pandas will be more and more, their footprints will spread all over the world, and return to their golden age!【篇三】国宝大熊猫英语作文The giant panda is China's national treasure, ranking sixth among the most lovely animals in the world. Giant pandas have lived on the earth for more than 8 million years, about 4 million years earlier than human beings. They are known as "living fossils" of human beings.Giant panda has a fat body, big head, a pair of big eyes, surrounded by a pair of dark circles like sunglasses. Giant pandas have black and white fur. What's the use of them? The white fur of the giant panda can make it hide in the snow. The black limbs of the giant panda can keep it from being found by the enemy inthe dark and avoid danger. It turns out that the humble fur of giant panda has such a great effect.Giant pandas are distributed in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other regions. 99% of the food for giant pandas is bamboo. There is plenty of bamboo, which is very suitable for giant pandas, but it also eats meat and other omnivores. Giant pandas also love to sleep. They sleep for two to four hours between meals. Generally speaking, wild giant pandas can live 18 to 20 years old, and captive giant pandas can live more than 30 years old. Giant panda is also a good tree climber. It often climbs trees during the marriage proposal period or when avoiding enemies.Only China has giant pandas. Giant pandas from other countries are given to them by China as the most precious gift!Giant panda is so cute, I like giant panda!【篇四】国宝大熊猫英语作文Giant panda is our national treasure. You must have many questions. Let panda wennuan answer them one by one.Hello everyone, I'm wennuan. Let me answer some questions. First question, am I a cat? I'm not a cat. I'm a bear. I'm not a panda of bears. Second, why am I a national treasure? This is because we are regarded as "living fossils" by human beings. My grandfather's grandfather's grandfather... Lives here. And I only have it in China. Third, where do I live? I'm in Chengdu now. My father's cousin lives in Shaanxi. My sister's aunt lives in Gansu.Hello everyone, I'm rolling. I'm entrusted by Nuan Nuan to show you the pandas in Shaanxi. The pandas in Shaanxi are very delicious. My cousin likes bamboo best. My cousin sometimes eats meat. Our panda can do anything. I can roll. Some will sleep in a tree, some will sit up, and some will hold their thighs.The giant panda is a messenger of peace. China has givenmany giant pandas to other countries. So, we need to protect the giant panda.。
袁隆平 素材 中文 英文 英语 翻译
Contribution to the World
In 1979, his technique for hybrid rice was introduced into the United States, the first case of intellectual property rights transfer in the history of new China.
The man who puts an end to hunger 淡薄名利，如果他申请专利的话，或许他现在是中国最富有的人，可是他却把专利无私地贡献给国家；
Mr. Yuan was born in Beijing, China. He loves playing Mahjong and the Erhu (a Chinese bowed instrument), swimming, sudoku, and motorcycling.
He has gone abroad every year to provide guidance. He also sent scientists to India, Vietnam, Myanmar and Bangladesh to work as advisors. Between 1981 and 1998, the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center under Yuan Longping held 38 training classes with over 100 participants from 15 countries. With the help of Chinese scientists, the acreage of hybrid rice in Vietnam and India increased to 200,000 hectares and 150,000 hectares respectively in 1999.
2023年辽宁省部分重点高中协作体高三模拟英语试题(含答案、听力材料)
辽宁省部分重点中学协作体2023年高考模拟考试英语（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What is the weather like?A. Sunny.B. Foggy.C. Windy.2. Which language is Ted best at?A. German.B. FrenchC. Japanese.3. What is Mr. Wilson probably?A. A hotel clerk.B. A repairman.C. An electrician.4. Why does the man talk to the woman?A. To ask about a trip plan.B. To confirm a reservation.C. To put off a tour.5. What are the speakers discussing?A. A sponsor.B. An award.C. An essay.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
泰国英语介绍 (2)
love he,love the city
Love for a city all because of pchy. 爱上一个人，恋上一座城因为P，我爱
上了那个微笑的国度-----泰国，因为P我爱上了有 着“北国玫瑰”之称的---清迈。只有那样优美的地 方才会养育出这样出色的PCHY。我要感谢《爱 在暹罗》，让我遇见了Pchy 以及没有华丽的舞 台、没有精美的服装、没有商业的包装、没有官 方的言语，就连在舞台上都显的有点乱乱的乐队 。
Songkran Festival day
Songkran Festival(宋干节) is the traditional Thai New Year Festival and starts on April 13th every year Across the country，it’s a time for laughter and entertainment．
Tom Yum Kung soup
（冬阴功汤）
This is the most representative cuisine in Thailand , and it is famous for its hot taste, hot shrimp soup is mainly made of fresh shrimps ,so it is ordinary in Thailand, you can also enjoy the delicious food in every Thailand`s restaurant.
Incense bamboo rice （香竹饭）:
Firstly, we need to choose the green bamboos, then according to your tastes, the chef will season the glutinous （糯米） ;lastly , fill the seasoned glutinous into the bamboos.
缅甸新金丝猴
American Journal of Primatology72:1–12(2010)RESEARCH ARTICLEA New Species of Snub-Nosed Monkey,Genus RhinopithecusMilne-Edwards,1872(Primates,Colobinae),From Northern Kachin State, Northeastern MyanmarTHOMAS GEISSMANN1,3Ã,NGWE LWIN2,SAW SOE AUNG2,THET NAING AUNG2,ZIN MYO AUNG2,TONY HTIN HLA2,MARK GRINDLEY4,AND FRANK MOMBERG31Anthropological Institute,University Zu¨rich-Irchel,Zu¨rich,Switzerland2Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association(BANCA),Yangon,Myanmar3Fauna&Flora International(FFI)Asia Pacific Programme,Jakarta,Indonesia4People Resources and Conservation Foundation(PRCF),Chiang Mai,ThailandWe describe a snub-nosed monkey that is new to science from the high altitudes of northeastern Kachin state,northeastern Myanmar,the Burmese snub-nosed monkey,Rhinopithecus strykeri sp.nov.Descriptions are based on a skin and skulls of four specimens obtained from local hunters.The new species is geographically isolated from other snub-nosed monkeys and separated from them by two major barriers—the Mekong and the Salween(Thanlwin)rivers.The species is chiefly diagnosed by its almost entirely blackish fur coloration with white fur only on ear tufts,chin beard,and perineal area, and its relatively long tail(140%of head and body length in the adult male).Preliminary surveys and interviews with hunters indicate that the new species is limited in distribution to the Maw River area,a small region of the Salween-N’mai Hka divide in northeastern Kachin state,northeastern Myanmar.The distribution area appears to cover about270km2,and the species may consist of only three groups with a total population of approximately260–330individuals.Our data on hunting pressure suggest that the species is Critically Endangered.Am.J.Primatol.72:1–12,2010.r2010Wiley-Liss,Inc.Key words:Burmese snub-nosed monkey;Rhinopithecus strykeri sp.nov.;Rhinopithecus bieti;Kachin state;Myanmar;New speciesINTRODUCTIONDuring gibbon surveys in Myanmar[e.g.Geissmann et al.,2008,2009,in preparation;Lwin et al.,2010], hunters reported the presence of a monkey species with prominent lips and a nose that faced upwards. This monkey was reported from the eastern Hima-layas of northeastern Myanmar,from the area east of the upper N’mai Hka River(a tributary to the Irrawaddy5Ayeyarwaddy River)in northeastern Kachin state.The description was clearly suggestive of a snub-nosed monkey(genus Rhinopithecus).Snub-nosed monkeys are threatened primates known only from restricted parts of China and Vietnam north of approximately221N latitude (Table I).No snub-nosed monkey has been reported in Myanmar to date:all previously known popula-tions are located to the east of that country.Two major species boundaries—the Mekong and the Salween(Thanlwin)rivers—separate Myanmar from the habitat of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (R.bieti),which is the geographically closest snub-nosed species,suggesting that any population in Myanmar could be a new taxon.To follow up on the interviewfindings,we conducted afield survey in the area indicated by the hunters and discovered an apparently small population of a new species of snub-nosed monkey that exhibits external characteristics unlike any other snub-nosed monkeys described previously. We propose the scientific name Rhinopithecus stry-keri sp.nov.for the species and provide an account of its morphology together with some observations on its behavioral ecology and conservation status. METHODSThe location of the survey area is shown in Figure1.Ourfirstfield and interview survey in this area was conducted from February10to March16, 2010as part of the nationwide Hoolock Gibbon Published online in Wiley Online Library(). DOI10.1002/ajp.20894Received1September2010;revision accepted12September 2010Contract grant sponsors:Halycon Fund;Arcus Foundation; Contract grant number:0803-35;Contract grant sponsor:US Fish &Wildlife Service Great Apes Conservation Fund;Contract grant number:98210-8-G662.ÃCorrespondence to:Thomas Geissmann,Anthropological Institute, University Zu¨rich-Irchel,Winterthurerstrasse190,CH–8057 Zu¨rich,Switzerland.E-mail:thomas.geissmann@aim.uzh.chr2010Wiley-Liss,Inc.TABLE I.Species of the Snub-Nosed Monkeys(Genus Rhinopithecus),Their Distribution[Groves,2001and Geissmann et al.,this study],and Conservation Status[IUCN,2010]Species Distribution StatusGolden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana Mountains of central and western China:Sichuan,Ganssu,Hubei,and ShaanxiEndangeredGrey snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi Restricted to Fanjinshan,south of theYangtze in Huizhou,ChinaEndangeredTonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus Restricted to few areas of northeasternVietnamCritically endangeredYunnan(or black) snub-nosedmonkey Rhinopithecus bieti Ridge of the Mekong-Salween divide,Yunnan and TibetEndangeredBurmese snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri sp.nov.Known from a small area of theSalween–N’mai Hka divide,northeasternMyanmarNot listed yet,but qualifiesas Critically Endangered(thispaper)Fig.1.Map of study area showing villages visited during this study and estimated ranges of snub-nosed monkeys in Kachin.Inset:Map of Myanmar showing location of the study area(square).The reported sighting was made during a survey on May1,2010.Am.J.Primatol.2/Geissmann et al.Status Review,the second one from April24to May 8,2010to target snub-nosed monkeys in particular. Both surveys occurred during the dry season.During the two surveys,the survey team conducted interviews with65respondents from33 villages located along the N’mai Hka,Maw,Lakin and Me rivers in northeast Kachin State,north-eastern Myanmar.Interviews were conducted with hunters in all villages within the survey area shown in Figure1.The area covered by the interview survey ranges from26.227051N(Ngwapaka)to26.871021N (Hkindammay)and from98.291611E(Pashe)to 98.643731E(Chichitago).Elevations of villages ran-ged from385m(Phamawzup)to1,880m(Chichitago) above sea level(a.s.l.).Information on snub-nosed monkeys was obtained from25of33villages, whereas interviewees from eight villages did not appear to know the species.Specimens were obtained at Pade and Htantan villages.Comparative data from other Rhinopithecus species were obtained by inspecting and photograph-ing captive individuals in China(Beijing Zoo,Beijing Breeding Centre for Endangered Animals,Guangzhou Zoo,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Kunming Zoo, Shanghai Zoo)and Japan(Higashiyama Zoo in Nagoya)between1990and2010,and by studying skins and skulls in the collection of the Kunming Institute of Zoology in May2010.Additional com-parative photographs of all species of snub-nosed monkeys were obtained from Cyril C.Grueter and from the Internet.The research adhered to the legal requirements of Myanmar,and the research adhered to the American Society of Primatologists(ASP)Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Non Human Primates (see /society/resolutions/EthicalTreat mentofNonHumanPrimates.html).THE BURMESE SNUB-NOSED MONKEY Order Primates Linnaeus,1758Superfamily Cercopithecoidea Gray,1821Family Cercopithecidae Gray,1821Subfamily Colobinae Jerdon,1867Genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards,1872Rhinopithecus strykeri species novumHolotypeSkull(with mandible),skin,and photographs of gutted carcass of adult male.Collected by Ngwe Lwin,Saw Soe Aung,Thet Naing Aung,and Zin Myo Aung on March7,2010from two hunters from Pade village(26.424861N,98.312371E,1,012m a.s.l.),who had caught the monkey one or two days before,south of the Maw River.The skull and skin(AIMZ15504.a and15504.b respectively)have been deposited in the Anthropological Institute and Museum of the University of Zu¨rich(AIMZ),Zu¨rich,Switzerland.ParatypesTwo adult skulls,one male and one female, collected by Ngwe Lwin and Saw Soe Aung on February23,2010from a hunter from Htantan village(26.555631N,98.497891E,1,533m a.s.l.).The hunter collected these monkeys c.2007from north of the Maw River.On the same day,another hunter from Htantan gave us[Ngwe Lwin and Saw Soe Aung]a bag he had made out of the skin of a juvenile snub-nosed monkey.The monkey was caught in January2010,also north of the Maw River.The female skull(AIMZ15505)has been deposited in the primatological collection of the Anthropological Institute and Museum of the University of Zu¨rich (AIMZ),Zu¨rich,Switzerland.The male skull (BANCA2010.6)and the bag(BANCA2010.4)have been deposited in the zoological collection of Hlawga Wildlife Park,Yangon Division,Myanmar.Type LocalityThe trapping locality of the holotype was determined as26.431011N,98.388941E(elevation 2,815m)in the Maw River area,northeastern Kachin state,and northeastern Myanmar.DiagnosisA species of the genus Rhinopithecus[sensuGroves,2001]as defined according to broad distribu-tional and physical characteristics.The most con-spicuous of these are the wide upturned nostrils:the openings face forwards and theflaps of skin lateral to the nostrils are directed upwards.This new species is distinguished from other species by its black or blackish ventral parts,all black or blackish limbs,and a white chin beard.ComparisonsA comparative list of50external chara-cteristics(mostly fur and skin coloration)of all species of snub-nosed monkeys is presented in Table II.It is based on the data compiled by Chaplin and Jablonski[1998],revised and supplemented by thefirst author(T.G.).Rhinopithecus strykeri cks the white underparts and white thigh backs of R.bieti,the white underparts and white circum-facial hair of R.brelichi,the yellowish-orange body fur and the skinflaps on the lateral upper lip of males of R.roxellana,and the bright gingery red fur colora-tion on underside and inner side of limbs of R.brelichi.The new species shows similarities with R.bieti in the presence of a distinct,forward-swept occipital crest in adult males,and white ear tufts that sharply contrast with the black surrounding fur.Am.J.Primatol.A New Species of Snub-Nosed Monkey in Myanmar/3TABLE parison of External Characteristics of All Species of the Snub-Nosed Monkeys(Genus Rhinopithecus)SpeciesCharacteristic RhinopithecusroxellanaeRhinopithecusbrelichiRhinopithecusavunculusRhinopithecusbietiRhinopithecusstrykeri sp.nov.HeadColor of crown hair Brown Brown Black Gray BlackColor of temple hair Orange Brown White orbleachedBuff BlackColor of forehead hair Orange Brown White orbleachedBuff Dark gray brownColor of ear tuft White orbleached White orbleachedWhite orbleachedWhite orbleachedWhite orbleachedColor of whiskers White orbleached White orbleachedWhite orbleachedBlack White orbleachedColor of hair on cheeks Yellow White orbleached White orbleachedBrown Dark gray brownBody ventralColor of throat hair Yellow Orange Orange Orange Buff brown Color of collar hair Yellow Orange-buff White orbleachedGray Buff brownColor of inner arm hair White orbleached Yellow Cream White orbleachedUpper arm:buffbrown tobrown,lowerarm:blackColor of inner thigh hair Yellow Yellow Gray Cream Dark gray brown Color of ventral coat Yellow Dark-brown Buff Cream Dark gray brown Body dorsalColor of hair on nape ofneckBrown Brown Black Black BlackColor of hair over deltoidregionRed or chestnut Blackish brown Black Black BlackColor of hair on lateralaspect of armBrown Black Black Black BlackColor of hair over triceps region White orbleachedWhite orbleachedWhite orbleachedWhite orbleachedBlackColor of hair on lateralaspect of forearmBrown Black Black Black BlackColor of hair on back ofhandBrown Dark Black Black BlackColor of cape on upperbackBrown Black-brown Brown Black Black Color of lower back hair Red or chestnut Red[-brown]orchestnutBlack Brown Black Color of sacral hair Yellow Brown Black Brown BlackColor of hair over iliac region White orbleachedCream White orbleachedGray Blackish brownColor of hair around perineum White orbleachedGray-cream White orbleachedCream White orbleachedColor of hair on back of thigh White orbleachedYellow Black White orbleachedBlackColor of hair on lateralaspect of thighBrown Blackish-brown Black Black Black Color of hair on leg Brown Black Black Black Black Color of hair on foot Cream–Black Black Black Color of hair on tail Red or chestnut Black Buff Black Black Color of tail tip White orbleachedBlack Cream Black Black SkinColor of skin around eyes Blue Blue Blue Blue Pale pink Color of skin on philtrum White White Grayish blue White Pale pinkAm.J.Primatol.4/Geissmann et al.Description of HolotypeFur coloration mostly black.Crown with thin, high,forward-curved crest of long,black hairs. Protruding ear tufts white.Face mostly naked,skin pale pink.Upper lips laterally with whitish hairs (‘‘moustache’’).Distinct white chin beard.Circum-facial hair(lower front,cheeks)blackish brown, protruding into facial area below eyes.Upper chest (clavicular area)also blackish brown,intermingled with few whitish hairs.Lower chest black with a faint sepia tinge.Perineal area white,clearly defined. Limbs black,inner sides of upper arms and upper legs blackish brown.Tail black and long,about140% of head plus body length.Body measurements are presented below.MeasurementsFor skull measurements,see Table III.Body measurements taken on the freshly dead holotype male on March7,2010are:head-body length55.5cm and tail length78.0cm.EtymologyThe species is named in honor of Jon Stryker, President,and Founder of the Arcus Foundation.His generous support for primate conservation globally funded thefield survey in Myanmar that led to the discovery of this new species.Vernacular Name and Name-Related Lore The ethnic groups in the Maw River area are Law Waw and Lisu.In Law Waw language,the Burmese snub-nosed monkey is called myuk na tok te.In Lisu language,the monkey’s name is mey nwoah.Both names mean‘‘monkey with an up-turned nose.’’Many people assured us that this species was particularly easy tofind when it was raining.The monkeys reportedly tend to get rainwater in their upturned noses,to which they respond with audible sneezes.To avoid getting rainwater in their noses, the monkeys allegedly spend rainy days sitting with their heads tucked face-down between their knees. Further Details of Specimens Collected HolotypeOur survey team visited Pade village and inquired about the snub-nosed monkeys in the afternoon of March6,2010,because we were informed previously that a hunter in Pade had aTABLE II.ContinuedSpeciesCharacteristic RhinopithecusroxellanaeRhinopithecusbrelichiRhinopithecusavunculusRhinopithecusbietiRhinopithecusstrykeri sp.nov.Color of supralabial skin White White Pink White Pale pink Color of actual lips White White Pink Pink Pale pink Color of skin on ear Flesh Flesh Flesh Flesh Flesh Color of skin on palm ofhandPink Black Black Black BlackColor of skin on foot Brown Black Flesh Black Black Color of nipples White Flesh Flesh Black Flesh Color of ischial callosities Light brown Flesh Flesh Light brown Dark gray Color of perineal andsurrounding skinBlue–Flesh Pink Pale brown Color of penis Blue Flesh Flesh Black Black Color of scrotum White Red Flesh White White HypertrichyLength of hairs on withers Normal Normal Normal Elongated Medium Length of hairs oversacrumLong Medium Medium Medium Medium Crest at vertex Present Present Absent Present Present Distinctive whorls orcrown swirl on headAbsent Absent Absent Present PresentEar tuft Present Present Absent Present Present Whiskers Absent Absent Absent Absent Present Swept back whiskers Absent Absent Present Absent AbsentTail length to body Short(100–130%)Long(nearly150%)Long(nearly150%)Short(100–130%)Long(ca.140%)Tail tuft Present Present Present Absent Absent Hypertrichy at base of tail Absent Absent Absent Present AbsentAm.J.Primatol.A New Species of Snub-Nosed Monkey in Myanmar/5skin and skull of the species.Unfortunately,when we arrived,the specimen had reportedly already been sold to a Chinese man,so we moved on to Pashe village.In the late afternoon,two locals came to our house and said they had caught a monkey with an upturned nose in an iron trap south of the Maw River(within the area tentatively ascribed to‘‘Range 2’’,Fig.1).We inspected and photographed the carcass on March7,2010(Fig.2).By that time,it had already been gutted.The carcass was readily identi-fied as an adult male.This was confirmed by the dentition.We obtained the skull and the complete skin of this specimen.ParatypesTwo unsexed adult skulls(Fig.3),one male,one female,were obtained from a hunter from Htantan village on February23,2010.The hunter collected these monkeys about3–4years ago from north of the Maw River(within‘‘Range1’’on Fig.1).He remembered that the smaller(female)specimen had‘‘more white fur’’than the bigger one.A bag made out of the skin of a juvenile snub-nosed monkey(Fig.4)was obtained from a hunter from Htantan on February23,2010.The monkey was caught in January2010in the northern part of Group Range1(north of the Maw River).The piece of fur used for the bag is completely black in the dorsal area and blackish brown in the ventral area. Other Specimens Seen and Specimens Described by HuntersOn May1,2010,Le Me A Si and Dai Laum,two of our local survey team members from San Buk village,encountered a group of snub-nosed monkeysTABLE III.Cranial and Dental Measurements(mm)of Three Specimens of Rhinopithecus strykeriHolotype,male Paratype1,male Paratype2,female Variable AIMZ15504.a BANCA2010.6AIMZ15505Cranial length nasion—opisthocranion10.15a––Greatest skull length prosthion—opisthocranion13.28a––Bizygomatic breadth10.57––Cranial breadth across vault(bieuryonic)7.91––Cranial breadth across supramastoid crests8.96––Postorbital breadth 5.51 5.54 5.33 Cranial height,basion—bregma 5.98– 5.53 Nasion to basion–8.347.23 Maximal length of foramen zygomaticum 4.185 4.61 3.73 Palate length,prosthion to staphylion 5.19 5.57 4.75 Palate breadth,across(a)M3–M3 4.22 4.27 3.71 Palate breadth,across(b)canines 4.21 4.43 3.10 Maximal length of postcanine toothrow,maxilla 3.61 3.55 3.65 Maximal breadth of postcanine toothrow,maxilla0.91 1.030.93 Canine length(mesiodistal) 1.00 1.000.63 Canine breadth(labiolingual)0.800.810.54 Length of M30.930.850.91 Breadth of M30.8750.9250.88 Length of M20.810.840.80 Breadth of M20.900.970.92Basal length(basion to prosthion)9.6010.348.49 Biorbital breadth,inner7.718.087.14 Biorbital breadth,outer9.379.708.06Orbit breadth 3.12 3.27 2.76Orbit height 2.735 2.82 2.87Face height,prosthion to nasion 5.31 5.78 4.76 Mandible length infradentale(a)to gonion8.51––Mandible length infradentale(b)to condyle10.075––Bimental breadth 2.833––Minimal corpus height between M1and M2 2.855––Mandibular width,bicondylar8.433––Ascending ramus height,perpendicular from tip ofcoronoid5.878––Maximal ascending ramus height,gonion to centre ofcondyle surface4.73––Breadth incisura mandibulae 2.37––Coronoid to gonion5.50––a Not reliable because the occipital bone is missing and with it possibly some contribution to the cranial length.Am.J.Primatol.6/Geissmann et al.counting at least seven individuals (including one infant)within the Range 2area on Figure 1(specific location:26.433001N,98.413931E,elevation 2,503m)[Momberg et al.,2010].They described the monkeys as ‘‘black with long black tails.’’The infant was all black,but only the dorsal aspect was visible as the infant was clinging to the belly of its mother.The location of this sighting is indicated in Figure 1.In Maw Ban village,we saw an additional skull of an adult female snub-nosed monkey in the headman’s house (Fig.5).Additional Descriptions From Hunters The various hunters we interviewed described the snub-nosed monkeys they observed or hunted before as follows:adults all black,except for white chin,ears,and perineal area,and somewhat paler color on the inner sides of upper arms and on the chest.These reports are consistent with the diag-nosis above.Two hunters commented on young individuals being paler or having more white fur than the adult,especially around chest or throat.In snub-nosed monkeys,neonatal coats tend to be paler than the adult fur coloration.This is particularly pronounced in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (R.bieti ),in which infants are uniformly white to grayish white,except for a small dark cap when first born [Chaplin &Jablonski,1998,p 92;T.G.,own observations].Geographic DistributionPreliminary surveys and notes on habitat asso-ciations indicate that the range of the new species encompasses the mountain forests in the watershed area of the Maw River,a tributary to the N’mai Hka River,and forests across the range to the east above the village of Chichitago.The species therefore appears to be limited in distribution to a small area of the Salween–N’mai Hka divide in northeastern Kachin state and northeastern Myanmar (see Fig.1).The coordinates of the distribution area are 26.311–26.511N and 98.341–98.611E.HabitatThe distribution area is mountainous,and slopes are very steep in most places (Fig.6).The forests of this area and their botanical composition were first studied by Frank Kingdon Ward who traversed the snub-nosed monkey forests at the end of August 1914[Kingdon Ward,1921].The main forest types in the range of the snub-nosed monkeys are Cool Temperate Rain Forest (1,830–2,440m)and Mixed Temperate Forest (2,135–2,745m).Silver Fir Forest occurs at elevations of 2,745–3,660m (conifer zone).Five locations where snub-nosed monkeys were sighted or caught by hunters were visited by us:their altitudes range from 1,720–3,190m.We have no information how high up the mountains the monkeys go,but the highest mountain in this range is 3,660m.Groups of Rhinopihecus bieti exhibit an altitudinal range of 2,625–4,600m (n 55groups)[Gru ¨ter,2009,p 110],which suggests that the Burmese species tends to occur at lower altitudes than the latter.According to local hunters,snub-nosed monkeys spend the summer (i.e.the snow-free times from May to October)mostly at higher altitudes,in mixed temperate forests and conifer forests.In winter,however,when snowfall probablyrestrictsFig.2.Rhinopithecus strykeri ,new species.Views of the freshly dead male holotype (Skull and Skin:AIMZ 15504)in Pade village on March 7,2010.Photos:Ngwe Lwin.Am.J.Primatol.A New Species of Snub-Nosed Monkey in Myanmar /7the availability of food,the monkeys descend to lower elevations and may be found closer to villages.The monkeys reportedly occur near Wayawbuk village in October and November,for instance,and are said to be easy tofind at that time.Other non-human primates occurring in the survey area include Shortridge’s langur(Trachy-pithecus shortridgei),stump-tailed macaque(Macaca arctoides),Assamese macaque(M.assamensis), Rhesus macaque(M.mulatta),and northern pig-tailed macaque(M.leonina)[Momberg et al.,2010]. DISCUSSIONPossible Taxonomic Relationships Between the New Species and Other Rhinopithecus spp Based on a simple numerical comparison of50 external characteristics(mostly fur and skin colora-tion)of the species of snub-nosed monkeys in Table II,the new species exhibits the highest number of matches with R.bieti(24),closely followed by R.avunculus(22)and R.brelichi(17),all of which exhibit large areas of black fur.In contrast,there are only eight matches with the predominantly orange or yellow colored R.roxellana.It is tempting to assume that this moderately higher similarity between R. bieti and the new species indicates a closer affinity between the two,but morphological similarity, especially in color[Geissmann,2002],does not necessarily correspond to phylogenetic relationship.The pronounced,forward-swept crest of adult males of R.bieti(Fig.7)and the new species(Fig.2) may be a shared derived characteristic,which is absent from other odd-nosed monkeys.If this interpretation is correct,it would support a close relationship between R.bieti and the new species. The shorter geographical distance between these two species(Fig.8)also supports thisinterpretation. Fig.3.Rhinopithecus strykeri,new species.Skull and mandible of the adult male holotype(AIMZ15504.a).Photos:Thomas Geissmann. Am.J.Primatol.8/Geissmann et al.Population SizeBased on interviews with hunters from the villages located near the distribution range of the new species,we estimate that there are approximately three to fourgroups of snub-nosed monkeys,which occur in three distinct parts of the distribution area.The inferred ranges of three groups are indicated in Figure 1,but require further verification.Two hunters from Lakin and three hunters from Htantan reported that about two groups,each containing approximately 30indivi-duals,are sometimes encountered north of the Maw River (northern part of Group Range 1,see Fig.1).Hunters from the villages of Pashe,Wayawbuk,Phamawzup,and Htanpaungku reported that there are two groups near the Maw River:one group lives north of the river and has about 60–80individuals (Group Range 1);the other group lives south of the river and has about 80–100individuals (Group Range 2,Fig.1).Hunters from Chichitago village reported that every year around July,a group of about 150animals appears at the foothills of the snow-capped mountains above the village (Group Range 3,Fig.1).Reportedly,the monkeys come to that area to eat bamboo shoots.The location of the remainder of the third group’s range is not reliably known.In addition,there is a remote valley located roughly in the middle of the three known group ranges.Whether snub-nosed monkeys also occur in that valley,and whether they belong to one of the three groups described above,is unknown.None of our interviewees were familiar with that valley,because it is far away from all villages.As a tentative summary of all interview information,we estimate that the total population size consists of three groups containing a total of about 260–330individuals.The ranges shown in Figure 1are also based on information provided by the interviewed hunters.The sizes of the Group Ranges 1,2,and 3are approximately 47,72,and 41km 2,respectively.If the unstudied valley in the middle of the three ranges is included in the calculation,the whole distribution area could cover around 273km 2.Although we cannot exclude the possibility that additional groups of this species occur in other sites in Kachin,all interviewees who appearedfamiliarFig.5.Skull of an adult female snub-nosed monkey in a hunter’s house in Maw Ban village,May 2010.Photo:NgweLwin.Fig. 6.Habitat of the Burmese snub-nosed monkeys in the western part of Range 1.Photo:NgweLwin.Fig.7.Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti ),adult male at Kunming Zoo.Photo:ThomasGeissmann.Fig.4.Bag made out of a Rhinopithecus skin by a hunter from Htantan village;Paratype 3(BANCA 2010.4).Photo:Thomas Geissmann.Am.J.Primatol.A New Species of Snub-Nosed Monkey in Myanmar /9with this species reported that it occurs only around the Maw River.We have conducted field surveys and hunter interviews along both sides of the N’mai Hka River from Chibwe northwards up to the type locality,paying special attention to primates [i.e.Geissmann et al.,in preparation].That area was previously surveyed during the Vernay-Cutting expedition of 1938–1939[Anthony,1941].We also conducted interview surveys north of the type locality up to the Me River.In 2009/2010,the Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA),Yangon,also conducted environmental biodiversity surveys north of Me River in the Khaun-glanghpu region (Aung Soe Than,personal commu-nication to NL and TG).None of these surveys found evidence for snub-nosed monkeys in these regions.The only interviewees who were familiar with snub-nosed monkeys knew them from the species distribution range (as shown on Fig.1).During the biodiversity surveys of 2009/2010conducted by BANCA,however,verbal reports were obtained that monkeys with upturned noses might also occur in the Lwe Nue mountain range (Swe Swe Aung,personal communication,May 2010).This range is located west of the N’mai Hka,just north to the confluence of the N’mai Hka and Mali Hka rivers.This area will need further investigation.Conservation StatusAll previously described snub-nosed monkeys are Endangered or Critically Endangered (Table I),threatened by the fast growing human population,deteriorating environments and accelerated defores-tation,and the hunting of monkeys for food and traditional ‘‘medicine’’[Li et al.,2002].This new species also qualifies as globally threatened,based on the available data.The Bur-mese snub-nosed monkey is currently known to exist at only a single location.The overall known range of the species (a minimum polygon including the three Group Ranges and the areas in-between them)covers a maximum area of about 273km 2.Using the criteria defined by IUCN [2001],the Burmese snub-nosed monkey qualifies as Critically Endangered,CR A4c,d.As explained below,the available data meet the requirement of an inferred ‘‘population size reduction of Z 80%during a three-generation period y and where the reduction or its causes have not ceased.’’In our assessment,‘‘c’’refers to a decline in area of occupancy,extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat,‘‘d’’refers to actual or potential levels of exploitation,both of which are supported by information in this article.We estimate the ‘‘three-generation period’’for this species to be 18years.Generation length is defined as ‘‘the average age of parents of the current cohort (i.e.newborn individuals in the population)y Generation length is greater than the age at first breeding and less than the age of the oldest breeding individual’’[IUCN,2001].Because the generation length of snub-nosed monkeys is unknown,we use the age at first reproduction as a minimum estimate of generation length.In other species ofsnub-nosedFig.8.Distribution map of the snub-nosed monkeys (genus Rhinopithecus ),after records compiled from Li et al.[2002],Nadler et al.[2003],Wang et al.[1998],and Zhang et al.[1992].Am.J.Primatol.10/Geissmann et al.。
实用英语对云南的介绍作文
实用英语对云南的介绍作文Yunnan, a province nestled in the southwestern corner of China, is a tapestry of diverse cultures, breathtaking landscapes, and rich history. This composition aims to provide a practical English introduction to the enchanting region of Yunnan, highlighting its significance and allurefor both locals and international visitors.Geography and Climate:Yunnan is bordered by Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar, making it an important gateway to Southeast Asia. The province is characterized by its mountainous terrain, with the Himalayan foothills extending into the region. The climate varies from subtropical to temperate, with the southern part being warmer and wetter, while the northern part experiences cooler temperatures.Cultural Diversity:One of the most striking features of Yunnan is its cultural diversity. Home to over 25 ethnic minority groups, including the Yi, Bai, and Dai peoples, Yunnan is a melting pot of traditions, languages, and customs. Each group contributes to the province's vibrant cultural heritage through their unique festivals, such as the Torch Festival of the Yi and the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai.Natural Wonders:Yunnan is blessed with an array of natural wonders thatattract nature enthusiasts from around the globe. The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, with its year-round snow-capped peaks,is a popular destination for trekkers. The Stone Forest, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a labyrinth of towering limestone pillars that create a surreal landscape. Additionally, the province boasts the famous Erhai Lake andthe picturesque Dali Ancient Town.Historical Significance:Historically, Yunnan has been a crucial part of the ancient Tea Horse Road, a network of trade routes that connectedChina with Tibet and Myanmar. The province's capital, Kunming, was a key hub for this trade and continues to be a thrivingcity with a rich history.Economic Development:Today, Yunnan is a dynamic region with a growing economy. The province is a significant producer of tea, coffee, and a variety of fruits, contributing to China's agricultural exports. Moreover, the tourism industry is a major driver of economic growth, with the province's unique cultural experiences and natural beauty drawing visitors from acrossthe world.Tourist Attractions:For tourists, Yunnan offers a plethora of attractions. The Shangri-La, a county that embodies the mythical utopia, is a must-visit for those seeking tranquility. The ancient city of Lijiang, with its well-preserved architecture and cobblestone streets, provides a glimpse into the region's past. Additionally, the Yuangjiang Scenic Area is renowned for itsstunning river views and the opportunity to experience the local Bais' bamboo rafting.Cuisine:Yunnan's cuisine is as diverse as its culture. The provinceis famous for its distinctive flavors, with dishes like Crossing Bridge Rice Noodles, a hearty soup with fresh ingredients, and Yunnan Goat Cheese, a local delicacy. Theuse of exotic mushrooms and a variety of spices makes Yunnanese cuisine a culinary adventure.In conclusion, Yunnan is a province that offers a wealth of experiences for English learners and travelers alike. Fromits rich cultural tapestry to its stunning natural landscapes, Yunnan is a destination that promises both education and enjoyment. Whether you're exploring its historical sites, engaging with its diverse cultures, or simply enjoying the local cuisine, Yunnan is sure to leave a lasting impression.。
西印度醋栗的化学成分及药理活性研究进展
西印度醋栗的化学成分及药理活性研究进展作者：胥佳李娜朱宏涛杨慰农王东杨崇仁张颖君来源：《广西植物》2021年第11期摘要：西印度醋栗为大戟科叶下珠属常绿灌木或乔木，主产于泰国、越南、缅甸、老挝等地，中国云南西双版纳和元江有引种栽培。
该植物果实可食用，枝叶、根茎、果实等在东南亚各国被广泛用于治疗高血压、哮喘、糖尿病、皮炎、发烧、天花等，印度尼西亚、泰国、印度等地区亦用其叶做蔬菜食用。
有关其化学和药理活性研究，主要集中于根、茎和枝叶。
根、茎主要含倍半萜、二萜和三萜，枝叶则主要为黄酮类成分。
部分化合物显示有显著的抗乙肝病毒、抗菌、抗炎、保肝和降压等活性，其中，多个降没药烷型倍半萜对乙肝病毒（HBV）表面抗原（HBsAg）和e抗原（HBeAg）的IC50值为0.8～36 μmol·L-1，构效关系研究表明，倍半萜结构中C-5位的缩酮和C-13位的糖基取代可能对抗HBsAg和HBeAg的选择性有贡献。
该文综述了1966—2020年西印度醋栗的化学成分和药理活性研究进展，为该植物的深入研究和开发利用提供科学参考和依据。
关键词：西印度醋栗，化学成分，药理活性，研究进展中图分类号： Q946;R284.1文献标识码： A文章编号： 1000-3142（2021）11-1784-10Research progress on chemical constituents andpharmacological activity of Phyllanthus acidusXU Jia1，2， LI Na1， ZHU Hongtao1， YANG Weinong3， WANG Dong1，YANG Chongren1， ZHANG Yingjun1*（ 1. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China， Kunming Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences，Kunming 650201， China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049，China; 3. Yunnan XinxingGreening Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Kunming 650228， China ）Abstract： Phyllanthus acidus， an evergreen shrub or tree in Euphorbiaceae， is mainly distributed in Thailand， Vietnam， Myanmar， Laos， etc. It is also introduced and cultivated in Xishuangbanna and Yuanjiang areas of Yunnan Province， China. The fruits are edible and the plant has been widely used to treat various diseases， such as hypertension， asthma， diabetes，dermatitis， fever， smallpox， and so on， by the local people of its growing areas. Moreover，the young leaves are utilized as edible vegetables in Indonesia， Thailand and India. Phytochemical studies yielded sesquiterpenes， diterpenes and triterpenes from roots and stems， and flavonoids as the major chemical constituents from the leaves. Some constituents showed obvious anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV）， anti-bacterial， anti-inflammatory， hepatoprotective and anti-hypertensive activities. For example， parts of the norbisabolane sesquiterpenes displayed potential anti-HBV activities， with IC50 values of 0.8-36 μmol·L-1 against HBV surface antigen （HBsAg） and HBV excreted antigen （HBeAg）， and the results indicate that the ketal group at C-5 and sugar moieties at C-13 play important roles in the selectivity of HBsAg and HBeAg. This paper reviews the research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the plant from 1966 to 2020，which provides scientific evidence and reference for its future study， spread， application and development.Key words： Phyllanthus acidus， chemical constituents， pharmacological activity， research progress西印度醋栗（Phyllanthus acidus）為大戟科叶下珠亚科叶下珠属植物，为常绿灌木或乔木，树高2～5 m，夏至秋季开花，花小、粉红色，开于老枝上，花后结青色小果。
介绍云南的作文英语
Yunnan,a province located in the southwest of China,is renowned for its diverse ethnic groups,rich cultural heritage,and stunning natural landscapes.Here is an introduction to this enchanting region.Geography and ClimateYunnan is often referred to as the Kingdom of the South,covering an area of approximately394,000square kilometers.It boasts a varied topography,ranging from the towering Himalayas in the north to the flat plains of the Red River Valley in the south. The climate in Yunnan is characterized by its eternal springlike conditions,with mild temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year,making it an ideal place for agriculture and biodiversity.Ethnic DiversityOne of the most striking features of Yunnan is its ethnic diversity.Home to over25 different ethnic groups,including the Yi,Bai,Hani,and Dai peoples,Yunnan is a melting pot of cultures.Each group has its own unique traditions,languages,and customs, contributing to the provinces rich cultural tapestry.Cultural AttractionsYunnans cultural attractions are as varied as its people.The ancient city of Lijiang,a UNESCO World Heritage Site,is known for its wellpreserved Naxi architecture and cobbled streets.Dali,another historical city,is famous for its Bai culture and the iconic Three Pagodas.The Stone Forest,a geological wonder,is a series of towering limestone formations that have been shaped by millennia of erosion.Natural WondersThe provinces natural beauty is equally captivating.The Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, with its yearround snowcapped peaks,is a popular destination for trekkers and photographers.The terraced fields of Yuanyang offer a breathtaking view of human ingenuity in harmony with nature.The tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna provide a habitat for a plethora of rare and exotic wildlife.CuisineYunnans cuisine reflects the provinces ethnic diversity and natural abundance.It is known for its spicy,sour,and bitter flavors,with a wide variety of ingredients sourced from the regions fertile lands and forests.Dishes such as Crossing Bridge Rice Noodles, Yunnanstyle Steamed Chicken,and Yunnan Goat Cheese are just a few examples of the culinary delights awaiting visitors.Economic DevelopmentDespite its remote location,Yunnan has been actively developing its economy.The province is a significant exporter of flowers,fruits,and vegetables,thanks to its favorable climate.Additionally,tourism has become a major industry,with the provinces unique cultural and natural attractions drawing visitors from around the world. Transportation and ConnectivityYunnan has been improving its transportation infrastructure to facilitate both domestic and international travel.The province is connected to neighboring countries like Vietnam, Laos,and Myanmar through a network of roads and railways,making it an important gateway to Southeast Asia.In conclusion,Yunnan Province is a treasure trove of natural beauty,cultural heritage, and culinary delights.Whether you are interested in exploring ancient cities,trekking through pristine landscapes,or immersing yourself in the vibrant life of its ethnic communities,Yunnan offers an unforgettable experience for every traveler.。
探寻世界顶级艳彩蓝色尖晶石
Seek the World’s Most Vivid Blue Spinel with GIA Field GemologistsOctober 6, 2016Join GIA’s field gemologists as they venture into Vietnam’s limestone mountains in search of the world’s most vivid blue spinel.In this new video from GIA’s field gemology department, you will accompany field gemologist Vincent Pardieu to Vietnam’s striking limestone mountains in search of sky-blue spinel.Although miners recover blue spinel in Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Myanmar, and Pakistan, Vietnam’s Luc Yen district is a leading source of the most vividly blue gems. The best of them have the same luminous quality as Paraíba tourmaline. “The blue spinel you have in Vietnam has really no equivalent,” explains Pardieu. “The top-quality blue spinel from Vietnam is really the top-quality blue spinel in the world, in my opinion.”Luc Yen district is located in Yen Bai province, in Vietnam’s scenic north. It’s a vivid patchwork ofsteep-sided, jungle-covered karsts separated by narrow valleys filled with paddy fields and villages. Luc Yen’s capital, Yen The (confusingly also known as Luc Yen), is about a six-hour drive, 250 km (155 miles) from Hanoi. All of the di strict’s blue spinel mining sites are within 20 km (12 miles) of the town.The GIA team starts off in Luc Yen’s bustling gemstone market. Before the 1990s discovery of Vietnamese ruby, Luc Yen was little known—a small agricultural backwater. The town grew rapidly after gems were discovered in the surrounding mountains and streams. Luc Yen’s first gem market opened in 1987, and today this once impoverished town is northern Vietnam’s busiest gem-trading center.At the market, gems from the area’s mountains and fields—rough spinel octahedra, faceted spinels, andcabochons—lie in rows on dealers’ little wooden tables. “Visiting the market here is quite an experience for anybody,” says gemologist Manny Diaz. Beautiful cobalt-blue spinels are present at many of the tables. “Material like this is really incredibly rare on the surface of the earth,” says Pardieu. He explains that visiting the local gem market is an excellent way to assess the availability of different materials. It also gives gemologists a way to assess current gem production in the local mining areas.It takes several hours to reach the blue spinel mines. The GIA team travels by motorcycle from the town to the countryside. Once there, they must make the trek up into a forbidding karst landscape to reach the mines. Luc Yen’s rugged limestone mountains formed when rainfall dissolved the limestone and created underground drainage systems, sinkholes, and caves. These features make it challenging to reach the mines, where ruby, sapphire, and spinel are recovered from primary and secondary deposits using artisanal methods. “If you want to go to see the primary mines that are producing this sky blue spinel, there is no other way,” remarks Pardieu. “You have to face the karst and go up in the mountain.”This means hours of steep ascent, navigating the sharp ridges and deep crevices that make up the face of the mountain. “There is a crevice about 4 to 5 meters deep, full of wood and sharp marble pinnacles,” observes Pardieu, “so you don’t want to fall in there!”“For the past ten minutes, we are climbing the Cung Troi cliff, which is the main spinel mining area here,” explains Pardieu. “Cung Troi is a very special place, as this is the place that produced most of the spinel crystals in matrix for the past 20 years.” Cung Troi—which means “Sky Gate”—is a source ofpink-to-purple spinel, which occurs in marble along with minerals like pargasite. The spinels range in size from just a few millimeters to over five centimeters, and are of octahedral habit. Crystals in matrix are often carved into decorative shapes, which are highly valued due to the strong domestic market for items related to phong thuy—the Vietnamese version of feng shui.As the team nears the Cung Troi spinel mine, they clamber up steep slopes strewn with angular blocks and tailings of white marble. Standing in front of a marble cliff, gemologist Manny Diaz examines one half of a drill hole in a split rock face. “They’ll drill and they’ll pack that hole with an explosive…Once it falls, they’ll come down, out to the blast site and they’ll start picking up all the rubble,” he says. Miners attack the rubble with sledgehammers to look for spinel crystals, which stand out like glowing embers against the snowy white marble.When the team joins the miner s in their hut for a meal, Pardieu explains Cung Troi’s geology: “It seems that you have three parallel veins…one with pink spinel, one with blue spinel, and one with ruby,” he says.Later, they watch as some miners struggle to move a huge marble block down a steep slope of angular, boulder-size tailings. “We just witnessed the team of miners that we spent the day with on the cliff, taking down a huge piece of marble that they collected from the top,” Pardieu observes. “Inside, we can see there is some par gasite, there is also some spinel. They’ll probably sell it to a carver and the carver will slowly take out the marble in order to reveal the spinel and the pargasite, which are hidden inside.” The heavy boulder tugs the miners downhill. They laugh, but th ey’re only barely in control.Next, the team reaches the Bai Son blue spinel mine—the main objective of the expedition. The primary deposit at Bai Son is located on a 600-meter high (1,970 foot) marble mountain. Local miners—mostly farmers—extract the sp inel from the marble using hand tools and jackhammers. “Here we are on the blue spinel vein,” remarks Pardieu. “This is a most famous spot for blue spinel of the sky-blue quality.” Although blue spinel is found in the white marble at Bai Son, the crystals are usually of low transparency. Gems weathered out of the marble are also found in crevasses at Bai Son, and in places where miners follow the caves underground.Pardieu sums up the rationale for this and all the other field expeditions he conducts for G IA: “I travel to gem-mining areas around the world and I collect samples. So we need to have a reference sample from this area in order to be able to identify the stones that were mined in the past, that are mined today, and will be mined in the future.”This GIA Field Expedition (FE65) took place in 2015. Besides Pardieu, the participants were video cameramen Didier Barriere-Doleac and Didier Gruel, and expedition members Manny Diaz, Philippe Labrot, Lucie Martinez, Lauriane Pinsault, and Wim Vertriest.DISCLAIMERGIA staff often visit mines, manufacturers, retailers, and others in the gemand jewelry industry for research purposes and to gain insight into themarketplace. GIA appreciates the access and information provided duringthese visits. These visits and any resulting articles or publications shouldnot be taken or used as endorsements.。
有关云南的英语作文
Yunnan,a province located in the southwest frontier of China,is renowned for its rich natural scenery and diverse ethnic cultures.The following essay will provide an overview of Yunnans geographical features,cultural diversity,and popular tourist attractions.Geography and ClimateYunnan is situated in a mountainous region,with its terrain primarily consisting of high plateaus and mountain ranges.The province is bordered by Myanmar,Laos,and Vietnam, which gives it a unique geographical position.The climate in Yunnan is classified as a subtropical monsoon climate,characterized by warm and humid conditions.The diverse topography contributes to a variety of climates within the province,ranging from tropical to temperate zones.Cultural DiversityYunnan is home to over25ethnic minorities,making it one of the most culturally diverse regions in China.Each ethnic group has its own unique customs,festivals,and traditional attire.The Yi,Bai,Dai,and Naxi peoples are some of the major ethnic groups in Yunnan. The province is a melting pot of different cultures,languages,and traditions,which makes it a fascinating place to explore.Tourist AttractionsYunnan boasts a plethora of tourist attractions that cater to a wide range of interests.Here are some of the mustvisit spots:1.Stone Forest Shilin:A UNESCO World Heritage Site,the Stone Forest is a natural wonder featuring towering limestone formations that resemble a vast forest of stone.2.Dali Ancient Town:Known for its wellpreserved Bai architecture,Dali Ancient Town offers a glimpse into the regions history and culture.3.Lijiang Ancient Town:Another UNESCO World Heritage Site,Lijiang is famous for its canals,cobblestone streets,and the Naxi peoples traditional music.4.Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Yulong Xueshan:This majestic mountain is a popular destination for trekkers and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.5.Tiger Leaping Gorge Hutiaoxia:One of the worlds deepest river canyons,it is a thrilling destination for adventure seekers.6.Xishuangbanna:Located in the southern part of Yunnan,Xishuangbanna is known forits tropical rainforests and the Dai ethnic culture.7.Erhai Lake:Surrounding Dali,Erhai Lake is a serene spot for boating and enjoying the natural beauty of the area.CuisineYunnans cuisine is as diverse as its people.It is famous for its spicy and sour flavors, with a variety of dishes that include Yunnan Crossing Bridge Rice Noodles,Yunnanstyle Steamed Fish,and the unique Yunnan Mushrooms.Economic DevelopmentYunnan has been actively developing its economy through tourism,agriculture,and the exploitation of natural resources.The province is rich in minerals,and its agricultural products,such as tea and coffee,are highly regarded.In conclusion,Yunnan is a province that offers a unique blend of natural beauty,cultural heritage,and modern development.It is a destination that should be on every travelers list for its unparalleled experiences and the warmth of its people.。
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Research review in Vietnam and MyanmarFrom April 23rd to 30th，organized by China Textile Go Global Union，an investigation team from China led by Gao Yong，Secretary of Party Committee and Secretary General of China National Textile and Apparel Council，has visited Vietnam and Myanmar and made a survey of the business that Chinese enterprises have established here.They first went to Myanmar and carried out an in-depth and detailed research on Myanmar about the current situation of textile and apparel industry as well as environment environment. Myanmar has a population of 60 million，of which Rangoon accounts for 10% of the total. Since the United States gradually relaxed sanctions against Myanmar in 2011，the garment industry has gained rapid development. The exports of garment was $900 million in 2012，while it increased to $1.8 billion in 2015，with Japan and Korea a two major markets. As of the end of 2016，the employees of garment industry reached 350 thousand，and 500 garment enterprises，mainly concentrated in Rangoon. Foreign-funded enterprises and joint venture enterprises accounted for a half respectively，of which therewere nearly 200 China-invested enterprises with average size of factory of about 900 people.During the visit in Myanmar，the team investigated three China-funded enterprises：Dishang Group in Myanmar，Luthai （Myanmar）LTD.，Handa （YangGon）Garments CO.，Ltd.，and Thilawa Special Economic Zone. Dishang Group in Myanmar has invested to established two garment factories，and was put into operation in 2016，with a total of employees of 1，500. Luthai （Myanmar）LTD. possessed six sewing production lines with an annual output of high-grade shirts of 3 million. At present，there were more than 900 employees and over 20 management staff of Myanmar. Handa （YangGon）Garments CO.，Ltd. had two garment factories，with a total employees of 2，300，and 80% of products were exported to Japan，and the rest to Europe and the United State. Thilawa Special Economic Zone was an industrial park jointly established by Myanmar and Japan. The complete infrastructure facilities，normative management practices as well as one-step service has greatly improved process of various approval and customs clearance. Investors enjoyed Special Economic Zones Act in the park，and many tax incentives were superior to other general industrial parks.Through the research，members believed that the biggest advantage lied in labor cost，and the average wage was about $130 （calculated by 10 hours per day and insurance and other benefits were included）. While the insufficiency of water and power restricted the development of enterprises. In recent years，there was a gathering effect among Chinese and Myanmar garment factories，which led to the prosperity of the nearby villages and promoted employment，so as to make the Myanmar garment industry on the road of fast development. After the research in Myanmar，they went to Vietnam to investigate the situation of Chinese-funded enterprises. At present，there were 6，000 textile and apparel enterprises with employees of 2.8 million，accounting for 3% of total population. The garment exports amounted to $27 billion，accounting for 17% of the total，with major markets of the United States（49%），EU （27%），Japan （10%），and Korea （8%）. There was zero tariffs and zero quota for the imported cotton，which was a certain comparative advantage for enterprises to make an investment in Vietnam.They made an investigation in Vietnam-Singapore Industrial Park，and New Wide Group in Vietnam as well as Luthai （Vietnam）LTD.. At present，New Wide Group has 7marketing positions，6 manufacturing areas，2 dyeing and finishing areas，11 garment factories，3 dyeing and printing factories，4 weaving factories and 2 R&D centers in the world. The investment in Vietnam of New Wide Group created employment opportunities and promoted the local economic development. Up to now，Lutai （Vietnam）LTD. has provided more than 1，300 jobs with the capacity of spindles of 62 thousand，looms of 180，and productivity of 1.3 million meters per month.On April 29，they carried out the last investigation in TEXHONG Haihe Industrial Park. TEXHONG Haihe Industrial Park is located the junction of Southwestern economic circle and the pan-pearl River Delta Economic Zone in the eastern part of Quang Ninh Province，which has an important strategic position.The Park covers an area of about 3，100 hectares and the total investment is expected to reach $25 billion，of which infrastructure will cost $1 billion. The park aims to create a professional textile and garment industrial park，covering a complete industrial chains of raw materials，spinning，weaving，dyeing and finishing，clothing and branding.Compared with the south，the northern Vietnam has amore stable political environment，simple folk customs，few strikes and violence. The efficiency of the local government is higher than that of the south. The southern and northern investment environment have their own advantages，so companies need to select the appropriate regional layout，based on their own business and product characteristics.As important nodes of “the Belt and Road Initiative”，Vietnam and Myanmar are benefited from the formation of ASEAN Free Trade Area，and they have traded with many countries and regions all over the world. Through the investigation，more enterprises have a deeper understanding to Vietnam and Myanmar，even to ASEAN countries，and it also opens a new chapter for the annual investigations of China Textile Go Global Union.。