_奥赛罗_爱与嫉妒的悲剧
人性深思：《奥赛罗》中的嫉妒与背叛
人性深思：《奥赛罗》中的嫉妒与背叛引言《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚最著名的戏剧之一，通过讲述主人公奥赛罗因为嫉妒和背叛而踏上毁灭性的道路，揭示了人性中隐藏的阴暗面。
本文将围绕这一主题展开探讨，并深入分析其中所涉及到的情节、角色和动机。
嫉妒的驱使在戏剧中，奥赛罗对自己心爱的妻子德斯德蒙娜产生了强烈的嫉妒之情。
他被他人散布的虚假消息所迷惑，在没有足够证据的情况下就盲目相信德斯德蒙娜对他不忠。
这种无法控制的嫉妒使得奥赛罗逐渐变得疯狂，最终导致了悲剧发生。
背叛与欺骗除了奥赛罗自身感受到的背叛外，剧中还有其他角色也存在着背叛行为。
其中最重要的是奥赛罗的副官约戈，他出于对奥赛罗取代自己名次的嫉妒，出谋划策，使得整个故事发生了倾覆性的变化。
约戈用欺骗和谎言来破坏奥赛罗与德斯德蒙娜之间的信任，从而引导奥赛罗陷入疑虑和愤怒。
人性的黑暗面《奥赛罗》通过描绘人性中隐藏的黑暗面，展示了嫉妒和背叛对个人和社会所造成的破坏力。
剧中人物在情感上失控、追求私利、背叛他人等行为都反映了人性中负面方面的存在。
这引发了观众深思：人性到底有多么复杂且难以预料。
引导思考观看《奥赛罗》戏剧或阅读相关文本不仅能够体验剧中角色的心理变化和内心纠结，还能促使我们反思自我是否也会做出类似行为，在日常生活中是否也存在着嫉妒和背叛。
进一步地，我们能够明白重要人际关系中的信任和沟通对于维持良好关系的重要性，以及理解背后每个人都有自己的故事。
结论《奥赛罗》以其对嫉妒和背叛主题的深刻展示，引发了人们对人性复杂性和可变性的思考。
通过剧中角色之间错综复杂的关系揭示了隐藏在每个人内心深处的阴暗面。
这部戏剧使我们审视自身，并在探讨过程中体察了追求权力、欺骗、破坏关系等行为所带来的后果。
它用戏剧冲突和悲剧结局提醒我们谨慎处理嫉妒和背叛情感，以免走上不归路。
注：以上内容仅为示例，实际文档内容编写应参考相关文献资料，并根据主题需要进一步拓展和丰富。
浅谈莎士比亚的四大悲剧
浅谈莎士比亚的四大悲剧莎士比亚是伊丽莎白时代最伟大的剧作家，他的父亲是伦敦附近史特拉福的一名地主，而童年的莎士比亚在家乡的学习文学及拉丁语。
直至1582年后，他移居伦敦当演员及剧作人，并于1589年左右发表他的第一部剧作《亨利六世第一部》(Henry VI, Part 1)。
1594年莎士比亚成为宫内大臣剧团(Lord Chamberlain's Company)(即以后的国王剧团)的股东及演员，1599年他获得环球剧院的主权，令他成为当时最活跃的剧坛人物。
莎士比亚共写了38个剧本，他的戏剧大致可分为三种：历史剧、喜剧和悲剧。
他在历史剧中呈现英国的历史，尤其是蔷薇战争时期，这类剧本显示他能使庞大复杂的历史资料在舞台出现；他的喜剧所采文体颇广，有的着重闹剧成分，有的是浪漫喜剧，也有些内容较为严肃，称为阴沉喜剧；但莎士比亚最伟大的还是在于他的悲剧，而他在悲剧上也采用了广泛的题材和手法。
在我看来从某个角度而言，莎士比亚是当时最成功，最富商业价值的剧作家，而属于他的伟大天才表现在他的悲剧上。
在莎士比亚的悲剧中，我们可以看到人性的复杂、社会的压迫与无奈，或许更甚至是我们内心中邪恶与善良的战争。
莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白斯》，其中，《哈姆雷特》在莎翁37个剧本中，最受剧场与学术界的厚爱；《奥瑟罗》是莎翁悲剧中结构最严谨的剧本；《李尔王》被20世纪评论家认为是莎翁最伟大的悲剧；《麦克白斯》则是四大悲剧中节奏最紧凑凝练的作品。
在莎士比亚的悲剧中，我们看到其特点是允许悲剧因素与喜剧因素交叉，悲剧中也可以有喜剧成分，是一种平民艺术，没有古典悲剧的清规戒律，让人可以更深切地感受悲剧的产生绝不是偶然的命运安排，人性的复杂更是我们与生俱来的特点，没有人可以消灭悲剧，我们只能从悲剧中看到未来的光明。
“一千个读者，就有一千个《哈姆雷特》”。
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚笔下四大悲剧中的一出讲述天伦相残的故事，也是我最喜欢的莎翁作品。
英语专业的毕业论文源于嫉妒的毁灭：《奥赛罗》的悲剧解读
本科毕业论文题目：源于嫉妒的毁灭：《奥赛罗》的悲剧解读学院: 外国语学院专业: 英语双学位学号:学生姓名:指导教师:日期: 2012年5月15日摘要威廉•莎士比亚（1564-1616）是公认的英国文学史上最杰出的作家和全世界最卓越的戏剧家。
他的戏剧被翻译成所有主要使用着的语言，并且表演次数远远超过其他任何戏剧家。
莎士比亚所有的作品当中，四大悲剧是艺术成就最高的。
许多文学评论家把《奥赛罗》视作莎士比亚悲剧的巅峰之作，而不少心理学家则认为《奥赛罗》是嫉妒心理学理论研究的必读之作。
《奥赛罗》不仅是一部家庭悲剧，也是一部爱情悲剧，由于剧中人物的嫉妒心理，最终导致了悲剧的发生。
伊阿古由于嫉妒凯西奥和奥赛罗，污蔑、陷害凯西奥和苔丝狄蒙娜，直接造成了奥赛罗的悲剧。
奥赛罗对苔丝狄蒙娜的真爱被居心叵测的伊阿古所利用，在嫉妒的驱使下，他轻信伊阿古，亲手杀死了自己的妻子，最终也拔剑自刎。
因此，《奥赛罗》中的悲剧在很大程度上是源于嫉妒的心理。
本论文对《奥赛罗》人物性格的悲剧性因素——嫉妒进行深入讨论，并进而从心理动力学理论的角度详细分析其人物嫉妒的表现及其导致的悲剧结果。
关键词:《奥赛罗》；悲剧；嫉妒；心理动力学AbstractWilliam Shakespeare（1564-1616）is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the history of English literature and the most pre-eminent dramatist around the world. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Among all his works, the four great tragedies represent the best of his artistic attainments. Many literary critics regard Othello as the peak of his tragedies, while not a few psychologists believe that reading Othello is a must for the theoretical research of psychology concerning jealousy. Othello is not only a tragedy of family, but also a tragedy of love. Jealous psychology of the characters ultimately leads to the tragedy. Iago was jealous of Cassio and Othello, so he slandered and entrapped Cassio and Desdemona, which directly brought about Othello’s tragedy. Othello’s true love to Desdemona was utilized by Iago who had ulterior motive. Driven by jealousy, Othello readily believed Iago, and personally killed his own wife, and eventually drew his sword to cut his own throat. Therefore, the tragedy in Othello is largely rooted in jealous psychology. This paper is intended to present a deepened discussion about jealousy, a key factor that leads to the tragedy of the characters in Othello, and thereafter detailedly make a further analysis of the demonstration of jealousy of the characters and the resultant tragedy in the perspective of psychodynamics theory.Key words:Othello; tragedy; jealousy; psychodynamicsContents1 Introduction.. (2)1.1 About the Author.............. . (2)1.2 About the Play Othello (3)2 Jealousy of the Characters in the Play Othello (4)3 Analysis of Jealousy in Othello in the Psychodynamic Perspective (8)3.1 Normal Jealousy................... . (9)3.2 Projective Jealousy............... .. (9)3.3 Delusional Jealousy........... (10)4 Conclusion.. (11)Bibliography.. (13)Acknowledgements (15)Destruction out of Jealousy: Interpretation ofthe Tragedy in OthelloWilliam Shakespeare was a great master of the English language. Shakespear e’s works have been fondly cherished by the greatest minds and among them was Karl Marx, who regarded Shakespeare as one of the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known (Lewinter, 1963). The other one is Aeschylus. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couple, and the dramatic blank verse. But tragedies, especially the four great tragedies, stand for his greatest contribution. Othello is regarded as the most outstanding one.(卞之琳, 1989) Othello was born in the peak period of Shakespeare’s creation which was from the year 1601 to 1608, when Elizabeth I took throne from James I. During the period of Elizabeth I, the United Kingdom became one of the most powerful countries in Europe, and was in the boom of political, economic, cultural and artistic prosperity. In the transition period from feudal society to capitalistic society, the primitive capital accumulation took the measure of the enclosure movement, which led to the tragedy that a large number of farmers lost their land and many urban handicrafts went bankrupt. The society wen into a state of unrest and insecurity, and people’s life was miserable. Benefited from the historical transition, Shakespeare’s creation reaches to the peak. The four worldwide known tragedies were born at that time. Following Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello came into being.(Bradley, 2010)As an outstanding representative of the English Renaissance, Shakespeare was keen on capturing the psychology of violent conflicts between the humanist ideals and capitalist primitive accumulation social background. (Wells, 2000) Shakespeare uses his genius insight and outstanding writing skill to present the reality of life and reality of the society. In this given social and historical context, human beings became“alienat ed”. (卞之琳, 1989) Iago is a character in the play Othello. As a realistic projection, his strong jealousy is the literary representation and practical expression of this social and historical background.Many literary critics regard Othello as Shakespeare’s greatest work, while some psychologists comment that Othello has made the greatest contribution to psychological theory concerning jealousy. As a matter of fact, Othello is the perfect product which combines jealousy and the social historical and cultural background together. This paper is intended to present a deepened discussion about jealousy, a key factor that leads to the tragedy of the characters in Othello, and detailedly analyze the demonstration of jealousy of the characters and the resultant tragedy in the perspective of psychodynamics theory.1 IntroductionTo pave the way for detailed analysis, a brief introduction to the author and the play is necessary and benefical.1.1 About the AuthorWilliam Shakespeare was born on the 23rd of April, 1564, in Stratford-on Avon, Warwickshire. He is one of the most famous geniuses who have become landmarks in the history of the British literature, even the history of the world literature. Meanwhile, William Shakespeare’s works are great treasures in the history of world culture. During the 22 years of his literary life, he produced 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. His imagination, his richness of language and his deep understanding of human nature have made him universally known and loved. His influence on English literature and on the writers of other countries is immense.When he was seven, he went to a grammar school. But at the age of fourteen, he had to be a schoolmaster to help support his family because of the decline of his family. After arriving in London he was connected with drama. He developed blank verse into a delightful vehicle to express various kinds of thoughts and emotions freely. Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. (斯蒂芬 格林布兰特, 2007) His dramatic creation often used the method of adaptations. His long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master-hand for playwriting. He was a great master of the English language. He was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couple, and the dramatic blank verse. But tragedies, especially the four great tragedies, represent the peak of his art. Among the four great tragedies, Othello is regarded as the most outstanding one.1.2 About the Play OthelloOthello, a Moorish general of Venice, has promoted Cassio as his lieutenant. Then Iago, who is hoping for the promotion but fails, makes plots against Cassio and Othello to take revenge. On the other hand, Othello has secretly married Desdemona, the beautiful daughter of Venetian senator Brabantio, and Iago determines to use Desdemona as the means of his revenge. Othello believes Iago’s tricks so that he kills his wife by his own hand. In the end of the play, he finds he has murdered his beloved wife by mistake, he cannot face himself and stabs himself full of guilt and dies beside Desdemona. Obviously, Othello is a tragic play, and the personality traits of the characters lead to the tragedy.Othello, as the major character in the play, lived in a period when the society was in a state of transition from ancient to modern, which contains the duality of self-evidence. On the one hand, the Venice city is showing the dawn of racial equality, they elected the descendants of the Moor for the coach to defend the national security; on the other hand, it is full of racial discrimination and prejudice.(程雪猛、祝捷, 2008) As descendants of the Arabic Moor, he had to confront with the Europeans. He belonged to minority groups in the Venetian states and his status rose from the mercenary to General of the Army. Although as a military general, Othello was much respected, but his black features made him dare not pursue Desdemona in a normal way. Because they are from different classes and races and it is difficult to be recognized by the society at that time. The contradiction of the black and white filles the entire play, so is the idea of racism. (罗益民, 2002) Othello has clear characteristics of the black. Desdemona’s father called Othello as “thick lips” in theopening scene.(莎士比亚, 2001) In the second act of the first scene, Desdemona’s father complained that his delicate daughter would refuse the rich young man to choose to embrace the guy whose body like a block of carbon. Othello was surprised too, and he told his love for this beautiful white girl to Iago. Desdemona showed her determination to choose the man when she had to face all the senators of Venice. Othello showed his love to this noble girl when he faced Desdemona’s father and the whole senators of Venice. The strong contrast of his noble status and black race hurt his self-respect. There is no doubt that the damage is so huge that it will deeply damage the mind of Othello and cause his jealousy to be awakened at any time. Shakespeare’s skilled literary arrangement makes it a natural foreshadowing for the later development of Othello’s jealous behavior.2 Jealousy of the Characters in the Play OthelloIn Shakespeare’s play Othello, Othello is a Moor with an honest, kind and open mind, an all-powerful hero on the battlefield. (蔡文显, 1932) However it is the character that was made use of by Iago, leading to the credulity tragedy of murder and suicide. Although some people comment that this tragedy results from treacherous Iago who was full of ambition and inner jealousy. In fact, the tragedy of Othello, Iago is not the only reason. He is created for the objective conditions, and the real development comes from the hero.First, Othello always has an inferiority complex due to his black race. (李慧子, 2010) Though he has been promoted as a noble general, his inferior and fragile mind has never disappeared. When he was told his wife has some love affairs with Cassio, he said, “Haply, for I am black/And have not those soft parts of conversation/That chamberers have, or for I am declined/Into the vale of years,—yet that’s not much”(Shakespeare, 1958: 51) If it is not inferior, he would not suspect his wife after several pieces of provocation. He is inferior in skin color, image and age, and he actually felt that he was not worthy of Desdemona. He felt inferior to Cassio so that he had an indefinable fear.Second, Othello is too credulous of other people. If he hadn’t believed in thewords of Iago that his wife was having a love affair with some other people, the tragedy of jealousy would not have happened.And the marriage with Desdemona is so happy that he believes the world is good. He cannot imagine Iago is such an evil who envies his wife’s beauty and is very angry and hates him due to a promotion, which is unfair in his eye. Therefore, Iago deliberately spread rumors trying to take his revenge, which Othello did not perceive. On the contrary, Othello thought Iago is an honorable man since Iago behaved in a hesitant manner to disclose the truth to him, looking like a righteous man from the heart. The tragedy is rooted in Othello’s character, too credulous and blind to the social evils, and thus he was easily deceived by the treacherous villain Iago and ultimately he made a big mistake, killed his pure innocent and deep loved wife, and also punished himself with his own hands. Othello’s behavior just follows a common pattern of development from jealousy mood to jealous behavior: jealousy→hatred→revenge→destroy. (Freud, 1955) Although Othello is a noble general who can defeat his enemies on the battlefield, with strong jealousy in his mind, he cannot conquer himself just like many mediocre people. (邵杰, 2011) He is very narrow-minded, and his straightforwardness betrays him, he cannot wait to ask to find e vidence, and “there is no more but this, away at once with love or jealousy!” (Shakespeare, 1958:49) he misjudges the situation and thinks that only death is the right solution to the problem.Furthermore, Othello is a man with “male chauvinism”. When he was provoked by Iago, he began to doubt his wife’s honesty. It is rather his male chauvinism than so much trust in Iago. In his view, wife’s derailment is shameful, heinous, hurting his big man’s self-esteem. (刘轶、吴洁, 2010) Even if it is only a rumor, he also cannot wait to ask to find evidence, “there is no more but this, away at once with love or jealousy!”(Shakespeare, 1958:49) When he found his handkerchief used as engagement pledge in Cassio’s room and suspected his wife’s infidelity, it is understandable and justifiable. But when he went into Iago’s trap, saw the expressions and mouths of Cassio and Iago when they were talking, Othello thus concluded that Cassio was having an affair with his wife Desdemona. This can be entirely based on his own guess. Othello is driven by his selfe-esteem so that Iago’s instigation is ableto immediately work. In fact, Othello had an opportunity to know the truth, say, to have conversation with Desdemona when they were in the bedroom, but he did not. On the contrary, he kept insulting his wife as a “whore” and wantonly humiliated her face just because he feared that the truth was the same as his own guess. If his guess was true, his honor and pride would be gone.Another drawback of Othello is his violent personality and impulsiveness, which ultimately causes the tragedy. After marriage Othello looked like a tamed lion, but that does not mean that he was to get rid of the lion’s nature, when he was stimulated, he would fly into a rage, consuming everything around him. So, when he saw Iago pause in his words, he encouraged Iago to honestly tell him the truth, though with the worst words to say what he thought of the worst things. (Shakespeare, 1958) In fact, Othello’s bo dy and mind was deep with an evil force, but previously it was only suppressed by the sweetness of love, and when he was told his wife having an affair with others, he decided that “I’ll see before I doubt;when I doubt,prove;and on the proof, there is no more but this, away at once with love or jealousy!” (Shakespeare, 1958:49) It can be seen that Othello’s destructive force is very strong, once it is free of the shackles of reason, the consequences would be disastrous. Unluckily, Othello is a man lack of intellectual thinking, just believing in Iago’s one-sided words and thus beginning to suspect his wife. When he saw his wife and his men meet, that handkerchief used as engagement pledge was in Cassio’s hand, he jumped to the conclusion that his wife was involved in infidelity and thus decided to her. The dying Desdemona asked him to listen to her explanation, or to find Cassio confront, but at that time, Othello, full of jealousy, did not give Desdemona the chance to explain, but pulled his anger out, ultimately killed his beautiful innocent wife and led to the tragedy.Othello’s wife, Desdemona, as the victim of the tragedy, the heart of the whole story, she finally accepted the ruling stems from Othello’s jealous y. She is noble, and she keeps open and noble at the last second. (吕改改, 2011) In the moment of dying, Desdemona is innocent, and she told Othello that she did not know what kind of sin she had unless her love for him. Ultimately, she became the innocent sacrifice of“jealous y”.Iago, as the opposite character of the play, is the planner and performer of the entire event. He has the ability of planning and is full of action force. But he has been jealous of Othello, who is taking away all the glory, honor and status, as well as having a beautiful wife and a loyal subordinate. Although Iago has got much, this is not enough for him. In the mind of Iago, in terms of qualifications, Othello can beat him with no doubt, but when facing Cassio who had not ever gone out to a battle but climbed to the position higher than his only because he had ever acted as messenger for the general and Desdemona, he could not have a peaceful mind. His mind was full of jealousy. To destroy Othello and Cassio has become his wish for a long time, the increasingly stronger psychology of hatred plays a key role in the development of the whole play. The net knitted by Iago is sprinkled down. He arranges Roderigo, who has fallen in love with Desdemona, to fight with drunken Cassio. At the same time, Othello is lost into the love with his lovely wife and cannot investigate the incident clearly at that time. Eventually Cassio loses his lieutenant position.However that does not remove Iago’s jealousy. T here comes his next target—Othello. Iago makes use of the innocent Cassio again; he induces him to go to Desdemona for help. In secret he pretends to worry about Othello and knits the accidental slip of the tongue to tell Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. He grabs the weaknesses of Othello to light the fire of jealousy on Othello. In order to make Desdemona and Cassio’s“adultery” more realistic, he asks his wife to get the so-called “exhibit” —a handkerchief from Desdemona. At that time Othello has lost his mind and his jealousy is out of control. Finally he kills his beloved wife, and commits suicide when the truth comes out. Iago is a real devil; there is no shadow of sympathy on him.(丛群书, 2010) He takes himself as a mockery of God. He confesses that he is not what he was (Shakespeare,1958). Iago, driven by anger and pain, admits in the end that he has hypocritically deceived Othello and Desdemona and in this way completed the course of his own destruction. At the first glance, what he has done seems negative reaction to the fact that he had not got the promotion; but after closer examination, the real role Iago plays in the tragedy is a destroyer whoattempts to guide people to the “paranoid jealousy”. Iago represents the evil of the Baroque traditional Western theater. The role of Iago is quite attractive. This attraction comes from the relationship between Iago and Othello, Othello has repeatedly referred to Iago as “humanity Magistrate”, believing that “this fellow’s of exceeding honesty, and knows all qualities, with a learned spirit, of human dealings.”(Shakespeare, 1958:51), and on the other hand, Iago also respects Othello as “a noble general”. Many critics of Shakespeare tend to talk about Othello’s noble temper and study the motivation of evil Iago. But in fact, Iago stands for not only the envy of aspiration and flesh, and also a kind of individualism. All in all, evil and good is expressed as a never-ending fight in Shakespeare’s tragedies. Evil and good is recognized as each quality manifests itself during a person’s lifetime. But only at the moment of death he is able to look back and see what he truly is without hindrance of the other.There are some other foreshadowing roles in the story, for example, Desdemona’s farther Brabantio. He and Othello both love Desdemona deeply. When Othello and Desdemona’s affair is discovered, Brabantio thinks that Desdemona will stand on his side but Desdemona chooses Othello unexpectedly. From this moment, all the father’s feelings to her daughter become the fire of jealousy; he has the parent’ jealousy and is made used of by Iago indirectly. When Iago reminds Othello that his wife has betrayed her father, which does not mean she will not betray her husband either. The role of Brabantio contributes to the development of the tragedy.3 Analysis of Jealousy in Othello in the Psychodynamic PerspectiveSigmund Freud (1856–1939) developed psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as the flowing of psychological energy (Libido) in an organically complex brain. Psychodynamics is the theory and systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, especially the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation. Freud views jealousy as a kind of emotional status, a process of transferring oppression to subconscious since the individual yields to strong oppression. In the context of a conditional change, thiskind of subconscious can be waken up and often lead to the loss of personality and behavior. The psychodynamics theory divides jealousy into such three levels as normal jealousy, projective jealousy and delusional jealousy, which can help us have a better understanding of the characters’s jealousy in the play Othello. (王晓钧, 2000) 3.1 Normal JealousyOthello’s jealousy apparently includes the first level of competiti ve or normal jealousy. It is not easy to find a person, who performs more vivid in the history of world literature than Othello. Before Othello killed Desdemona, He wept and kissed the sleeping woman for three times. When Othello was aware of his own injustice, he killed himself by the sword. The uniformity of the lovers in death is far beyond the rationality in a common real-life situation (袁素华, 2008), which can be explained by using psychodynamic theory concerning duel relationship─integration and coexistence. (Freud, 1955)Othello’s “degrading” race makes him extreme ly lacking in personal security, so the hostility to Cassio is obvious. This hostility makes Othello lose the responsibility of love. He said he was too old, not smart, not sociable enough and the vitality of the early years had disappeared, so he should not have had married. Iago believes that the loyal, noble, delightful Othello has remorse inside. Othello is a friend of Desdemona’s father, but he abducts his daughter. Shakespeare has prepared the jealousy of Othello for a long time: a kind of strong hostility and self-critical awareness.(徐群晖,2004) 3.2 Projective JealousyProjective jealousy on Iago is visible. He put his own infidelity further projected onto Othello. Eventually, this infidelity is projected onto Desdemona via Othello. And that results in the destruction of the three people.In fact, Desdemona and Othello are loyalty to each other. They love each other without reservation and wholeheartedly. They allow each other to keep in pursuit of sexual charm and sexual praise, and make it rational and healthy. Desdemona has demonstrated this point in her life. She has been awakened to putting herself in pursuit of sexual love. On one hand, she is deep in love with Othello; on the otherhand, she wants to get praise from all the people, including Iago (吕改改, 2011).Projective jealousy stems from the impulse repression of personal disloyalty. (弗洛伊德, 2005) As to the jealousy of the noble general, it means a deep fear of infidelity in the heart of Othello. However, Othello’s fear of infidelity is different from what Freud said: This is a loyal that withstood the test every day and unique presence in the marriage, and can be sustained in the case of refusing the recurrent continuous temptation. (Freud, 1955) On the contrary, his fear of infidelity comes from his wife, Desdemona. We cannot see any obvious projective jealousy in Othello as some Western articles commented.3.3 Delusional Jealousy“Anxiety” can engender offensive behaviour or remarks. Othello has already been in the edge of anxiety due to delusional jealousy, but still tries to maintain the principle of being realistic. In the third act of the third scene, he said there was no reason for jealousy but after a second he self-contradictorily said, “To be once in doubt / Is once to be resolved.” (Shakespeare, 1958: 49) His heart was full of anxiety when he tried to convince himself. I would never worry that she would betray me because of my own shortcomings, if she was not full of wisdom, she will never select me. No matter how Othello tried, all the efforts were destined to be in vain because of his jealousy. This increased his destructive impulses: “I’ll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove; and on the proof, there is no more but this, away at once with love or jealousy!” (Shakespeare, 1958: 49) It cannot be ignored that in the scene of murder, Othello hopes his wife’s unfaithful thoughts is consistent with his inner delusion. It is the reason that leads to the death of Desdemona. This typical delusional jealousy is a pillar of the psychodynamics theory concerning jealousy.According to psychodynamics theory, there are two characteristics in Othello who is so serious and dangerous an individual full of jealousy. First, this kind of person has fragile conscience, and unusually but extremely demands justice; Second, they extremely concern of subconscious development and impose it on their beloved people and himself. The latter is depressed because of the same deep love of justice. (Baumgart, 1958) The jealous individual is so painful that he must make his owninfidelity projected to the other loyal individual so that he can achieve the balance and interpretation of the crime. Also, that can play a role to ease the subconscious feeling of guilt. In a word, we can see the three levels of jealousy from the characters in Othello. Today, the Western critics have given Othello’s jealousy a term of “Othello syndrome” and many scholars have made a thematic study on the jealousy of Othello. Othello, whose destruction is out of jealousy, is not only a typical character which Shakespeare has created for us, but also conveys a universal moral meaning on human love and psychological behavior.It is beneficial to analyze jealousy in the play Othello from a psychological point of view. A famous Psychologist named Martin ever said, the magic of play is beyond the superficial content, and it is a direct dialogue with the subconscious of the audience.(Baumgart, 1958) Iago’s conspiracy is the deepest content throughout the play Othello. The characters of Othello and Desdemona portrayed by Shakespeare as tragic characters are obviously an exaggeration. It is intended not only to highlight the destruction brought about by jealousy, but also create criterion of value in people’s mind. In addition, it can lead people to feel love and hate on this kind of tragic role and combine their individual pain together with the role. The reason why the tragedy can make our emotions produce such incredible results is that it makes our emotions constantly changing to the opposite feelings. This common painful experience is one of the human emotional needs. As Freud ever pointed out, in order to explain the confrontation of the two kinds of human instinct concerning life and death, we put love and hate on the two ends; hate is often a pioneer of love in human relations, and in many cases, hate is changed into love, and love is changed into hate. (Freud, 1955) That is where the psychological aesthetic features of the tragedy lie.4 ConclusionAs is shown clearly, it is beneficial to analyze jealousy in the play Othello from a psychological point of view. The psychodynamics theory divides jealousy into such three levels as normal jealousy, projective jealousy and delusional jealousy, which can help us have a better understanding of the characters’s jealousy in the play Othello.Othello is not only a tragedy of family, but also a tragedy of love. Jealous psychology of the characters ultimately leads to the tragedy. Iago was jealous of Cassio and Othello, so he slandered and entrapped Cassio and Desdemona, which directly brought about Othello’s tragedy. Othello’s true love to Desdemona was utilized by Iago who had ulterior motive. Driven by jealousy, Othello readily believed Iago, and personally killed his own wife, and eventually drew his sword to cut his own throat. Therefore, the tragedy in Othello is largely rooted in jealousy.The characters of Othello and Desdemona portrayed by Shakespeare as tragic ones are obviously an exaggeration. It is intended not only to highlight the destruction brought about by jealousy, but also create the criterion of value in people’s mind. Obviously, Othello, whose destruction is out of jealousy, is not only a typical character which Shakespeare has created for us, but also conveys a universal moral meaning on human love and psychological behavior.。
奥赛罗读后感
奥赛罗读后感《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的经典悲剧作品，也是世界文学史上不可忽视的一部作品。
通过对这部作品的阅读，我深深感受到了其中蕴含的深刻哲理和人性的复杂性。
在这篇读后感中，我将分享我对《奥赛罗》的一些感悟和思考。
首先，我被《奥赛罗》中所揭示的人性的复杂性所震撼。
作品中的主要人物奥赛罗、艾戈和艾玛莉亚等人物都展现出了各自不同的人性特征。
奥赛罗是一个勇敢、正直的将军，但他也是一个易受激情和嫉妒的人。
而艾戈则是一个阴险、狡诈的反面人物，他的心机和谎言最终导致了整个悲剧的发生。
艾玛莉亚则是一个受伤害、愤怒的女人，她的复仇心理最终也成为了悲剧的导火索。
这些角色的复杂性和多维度的性格塑造，使我深刻意识到了人性的多样性和不可预测性。
在现实生活中，我们也经常会遇到各种各样的人，有善良的、有邪恶的，有勇敢的、有懦弱的。
通过阅读《奥赛罗》，我更加深刻地理解了人性的复杂性，也更加珍惜和理解他人的不同。
其次，作品中对嫉妒和欺骗的揭示也给我留下了深刻的印象。
奥赛罗的嫉妒和艾戈的欺骗是整个悲剧的核心。
奥赛罗因为嫉妒而失去了理智，最终误信了艾戈的谎言，导致了自己和他所爱的人的悲剧结局。
在现实生活中，嫉妒和欺骗也是人们经常会遇到的问题。
许多悲剧都源于嫉妒和欺骗，这些负面情绪和行为不仅会伤害他人，也会最终伤害自己。
通过阅读《奥赛罗》，我意识到了嫉妒和欺骗的危害性，也更加珍惜了诚实和信任的重要性。
最后，作品中对爱情和婚姻的思考也让我深有感触。
奥赛罗和德西蒙娜之间的爱情是纯洁而真挚的，他们彼此深爱着对方，但最终却因为嫉妒和误会而走向了悲剧的结局。
通过这段爱情的描写，我深刻体会到了爱情的脆弱和珍贵。
在现实生活中，我们也经常会遇到各种各样的情感问题，爱情和婚姻也并非一帆风顺。
通过阅读《奥赛罗》，我更加珍惜了爱情和婚姻，也更加理解了它们的复杂性和珍贵性。
总的来说，《奥赛罗》是一部充满智慧和深刻思考的作品，通过阅读它，我收获了很多。
作品中对人性、嫉妒和欺骗、爱情和婚姻等问题的探讨，让我对现实生活有了更深刻的认识和理解。
奥赛罗读书笔记
奥赛罗读书笔记这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于奥赛罗读书笔记范例的文档，希望对你能有帮助。
奥赛罗读书笔记范例【1】《奥赛罗》是关于嫉妒与欲望，爱与毁灭的故事。
主人公奥赛罗是名正直高尚的将军，他与元老的女儿苔丝狄梦相爱。
这段爱情是不被祝福的，因为奥赛罗是名黑人，在当时，黑人与元老的女儿通婚是不被允许的，更何况两人年纪相差太多。
但爱情是可以战胜一切的，奥赛罗与美丽而善良苔丝狄梦坚定的走到了一起。
与《哈姆雷特》相比，《奥赛罗》的“悲”更体现在悲哀，这出悲剧仿佛是莎士比亚对人性一隅的窥探。
我想没有人可以否认伊阿古的邪恶，他好似撒旦，在奥赛罗的耳边引诱着他，引领他打开了内心的洪闸，黑暗的一面倾泻而出，而嫉妒与暴怒又恰是基督教教义中七宗罪之二，这无疑给这部戏剧蒙上了一层宗教的面纱。
我时常怀疑伊阿古到底是人类还是撒旦，因为在他身上我不曾看到过一丝人性的光辉。
可以说他欺骗奥赛罗的手段极为高明，在说谎的同时总不忘说些表面上劝阻主帅的话进一步激发他的怒火。
他能如此的以假乱真，不知是否有时也会对自己的谎言信以为真?令人欣慰的是，虽说是出悲剧，最后还是以邪恶势力的化身的死亡为结局，可以说是让我们相信了邪不胜正吧。
《奥赛罗》中两位重要的女性角色的形象也吸引着我。
苔丝狄蒙娜美丽、痴情，却死于一味的顺从。
然而这位女性最伟大的一点却在这儿——当爱米利娅猜测有小人进谗并诅咒这个“万劫不复的恶人”时，苔丝狄蒙娜却说：“要是果然有这样的人，愿上天宽恕他!”我想她一定是相信人性的善的，相信这能迎来人性的救赎，甚至愿意牺牲自我来换得别人的救赎。
若苔丝狄蒙娜对奥赛罗个人的爱情是小爱，那么这，便是大爱，感人肺腑。
而爱米利娅最终对丈夫伊阿古的不服从、敢于道出真相的勇气也是令人倾佩的，她甚至为之付出了生命的代价，只不愿她侍奉的贞洁的苔丝狄蒙娜蒙冤而去。
而作为一个本是没有教养的妇女，渴望性别平等的爱米利娅也是难能可贵的。
“所以让他们好好地对待我们吧;否则我们要让他们知道，我们所干的坏事都是出于他们的指教。
《奥赛罗》读书笔记
《奥赛罗》读书笔记奥赛罗是威尼斯公国的一员勇将。
他与元老的女儿苔丝狄蒙娜相爱。
但由于他是黑人，婚事未被允许，两人只好私下成婚。
奥赛罗手下有一个阴险的旗官伊阿古，一心想除掉奥赛罗，他先是向元老告密，不了却促成了两人的婚事。
在奥赛罗选卡西奥担任副将后，更加怀恨在心。
他在博得奥赛罗的信任后，制造一系列假象迷惑奥赛罗，说卡西奥与苔丝狄蒙娜关系不同寻常。
奥赛罗信以为真，在愤怒中掐死了自己的妻子，当他得知真相后，悔恨之余拔剑自刎，倒在了苔丝狄蒙娜身边。
莎士比亚的悲剧总是让人有一种撕心裂肺的疼痛，而这种疼痛在无奈催生的窒息感的催化下便更加强烈。
《奥赛罗》集中表现了奸人教唆下发生的家庭悲剧。
忠贞的爱情和残忍的嫉妒同时强烈的体现于奥赛罗一身。
早在十七世纪下半叶，英国就有人热情肯定此剧：“从剧情来看，它是一出很好的戏，主要人物描绘的很好，诱惑的场面卓越的显示了伊阿古恶人的品性。
”对于主角奥赛罗的看法通常有两种：他是位坚强博大和灵魂高大的英雄，其所以杀害爱妻，只是由于轻信，尤其是奸馋者伊阿古过于狡猾所致；另一种是奥赛罗并不那么高尚，而是自我意识很强和性格有缺陷的人，他是急急不能待的就听信了伊阿古，责任在他本人。
但我认为奥赛罗的悲剧源于他那不被人知的脆弱自卑。
尽管他拥有伟岸的身躯和赫赫战功，然而他仍然是一个低等的外族黑人。
在外族歧视和等级偏见的社会背景下，有一颗脆弱的种子一直深埋他内心深处。
在他眼中，卡西奥就是一个完美的白人男子，所以他轻信了谗言。
“我是一个爱的不智但是爱的很深的人；是一个不容易妒忌，但一旦被人煽动便会糊涂至极的人；一个像寒贱的印度人那样，把一颗比他整个部落财富更为珍贵的宝珠随手抛弃的人”。
看到奥赛罗因悔恨而哭诉的这段话，我感到那来自心底的言语：悲剧的导演者永远是自己。
《奥赛罗》是关于嫉妒与欲望，爱与毁灭的故事。
主人公奥赛罗是名正直高尚的将军，他与元老的女儿苔丝狄梦相爱。
这段爱情是不被祝福的，因为奥赛罗是名黑人，在当时，黑人与元老的女儿通婚是不被允许的，更何况两人年纪相差太多。
《奥赛罗》悲剧的美学意义【美学论文】
《奥赛罗》悲剧的美学意义【美学论文】《奥赛罗》悲剧的美学意义《奥赛罗》是英国伟大的人文主义戏剧家威廉?莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）的四大悲剧之一，在这四大悲剧里，《奥赛罗》的艺术性是最美的，无论是从结构还是语言方面来说都可以相媲美《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》体现了文艺复兴时期人们的精神面貌，展示了人文主义精神，整部剧就像是一首充满雄浑魄力的诗歌，激奋人心，这首长诗里展现出了无比丰富的内容，笔力刚劲，色彩浓郁，整部悲剧充满了伤感与悲哀让人无力抗拒，充满了独特的艺术魅力和艺术感染力。
一《奥赛罗》写的是奥赛罗与苔丝狄蒙娜的悲剧爱情故事，在这部剧里，莎士比亚充分发挥了人文主义者对待爱情和自由的态度。
他将奥赛罗设计成充满冒险精神的勇士形象，面对爱情，奥赛罗勇敢果断而豪迈，他在经历了种种磨难之后，用自己的真诚打动了女主人公苔丝狄蒙娜。
而女主人公苔丝狄蒙娜对奥赛罗也是一往情深，照奥赛罗所说，苔丝狄蒙娜对他抱有同情，她为他的勇敢而感动。
这样的爱情体现出了新时期的爱情观，那就是爱情要建立在互信互爱的基础之上，彼此都要互相理解，这样的爱情观与自古以来的门第观念完全不同，这种完全抛弃了种族、门第与社会地位的爱情观念也是人文主义者全新的美学思想和审美态度。
由于完全背离了传统的婚姻爱情观，奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜的爱情必然会受到家庭和社会的不容，这样的爱情必然会遭到阻拦和破坏。
在《奥赛罗》中，这对恋人在相爱之后首先遭到的打击就是来自苔丝狄蒙娜的父亲，她的父亲极力反对这对恋人的相爱，更因为奥赛罗黑人的身份而不允许他们结婚，加上狡猾而奸诈的伊阿古从中挑拨离间，最终导致了奥赛罗与苔丝狄蒙娜的爱情悲剧。
在这出戏剧当中，虽然伊阿古令人憎恨，但是从整体情节发展来看，奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜两人的性格特征也直接导致了他们爱情的毁灭。
男主人公奥赛罗容易轻信别人，同时又有很强的嫉妒心，他轻易就相信了他卑鄙的手下伊阿古，并且对苔丝狄蒙娜产生了怀疑。
《奥赛罗》悲剧分析
《 奥赛 罗》是一个 五幕悲剧 。讲述 的是 在威尼 斯担任将军摩 尔人奥赛 罗与元老之 女 苔 丝狄 蒙 娜之 间的 因猜 疑 而酿 成 的爱 情 悲 剧 。这 一悲剧 的罪 魁祸首就是 作为旗官 的伊 阿古 的挑拨离 间，他因觊觎 的副将 的位子 不 得 ，继而展开 了一系列的报复。
一
男女 问幸 福 的获 得 需要 彼 此 之 间 的交 流 ，然而 男尊 女卑 的观念 ，使男女 之间平等 的交流失去 了可能 。在 当时 的威尼 斯，女人 背着丈夫不顾 廉耻 的做风 流 的事 ，好像是每 个女人生来就 有的标签 ，这对女人 无疑就是 最大的污蔑 。对于单纯 善 良而美丽 的苔丝狄 蒙娜是想都不 敢想 的事 ，但 自己仍 然没有被 排除 出这 一行 列 。当苔丝狄蒙娜发 现 自己的 丈夫奥赛 罗发 生 了变化 时 ，她 自己也不 明白 哪里做错 了，只 是一味的在 自己身上找过错 ， 去反思 自己的行为 ，力 图通过改变 自己来消 除彼此 间的误 会 ，来挽 回他们之 间的爱情 。 直到最后一刻，她 认为杀死 自己的不 是别人 ， 而是 自己。 另 外 一 个 原 因 ， 是 种 族 问题 。 白人 对 于 黑人 的歧 视，直到今 天还是一个有 待于解决 的问题 我认为 ，摩 尔人奥赛 罗与贵族小姐 苔丝狄 蒙娜之 间的爱情 ，从 开始众 人 的反对 就预示着 他们不幸 的结局 。在种族 意识很强 烈 的威尼 斯，黑人不 可能与 白人 获得 同等 的 地位 ，这 在一定程度 上决定 了他们 不可 能有 完美的爱情。
一 一
原 因有很 多方 面 ，总 的来说 ，有性 格上的缺 陷 ，有对 荣誉 的追求 与渴望 ，有 男女社会地 位的因素，有深 层上的种族因素。 人性本恶 ，是苟 子的观 点。他 认为人 的 本性是邪 恶的 ，要通 过后天 的学 习等来加 以 改 正 。荀 子 的 观 点 ，对 与 错 ，我 不 敢 妄 加 判 断 ，但 不 可 否 认 的是 人 或 多 或 少 都 有 性 格 上 的缺陷 。《 奥赛罗》的悲剧在某种程 度上 ，可 以说是有 性格缺 陷 （ 嫉妒 、占有 、轻信 ）导 致 的。一个是异族的将军，一个 足贵族 小姐 ， 他们不顾 一切人 的反对 ，勇敢 的在一起 ，最 根本 的原因在于他们 是真心 的相 爱 ，建立在 这样 的感情基础 上，他们原 本可以幸福美满 的生活下去 ，却因为轻信小人伊阿古的谗言， 使奥赛 罗产生怀 疑、猜忌 。奥赛 罗 ，作 为一 个异邦 人 ，他 习惯 那种 自由 自在 的生活 ， 那种心 灵没有 寄托完全投身 于事业 的生活 ， 当他 爱上苔丝狄 蒙娜时 ，他 的心灵有 了寄托 之地 ，他把她看 作是 自己的一切， 当伊 阿古 说她 背叛他 ，给 他带绿帽子 时，他接受 不了 这样 的事实 ，逐 渐产生嫉妒 的心理 ，命令 伊 阿古杀死凯西 奥， 自己会 亲手杀死苔丝狄 蒙 娜 。直到杀死 苔丝狄蒙娜 ， 自己才 明白事情 的真相，才意 识到 自己的愚蠢，只 能 自杀来 追 随自己的爱人 。 不 当将军 的士兵不是好 士兵 。在 《 奥赛 罗５ ５中，旗官伊 阿古 因为奥赛罗没有把 副将 的职位 给 自己，而产生报 复的心理 ，设计出 系列的复仇 计划 。他 自己说谁要 偷走 我的 荣誉，我会 因失去它而变 得赤贫 。继而 他利 用 自己对 别 人 的 了解 ，动 用 可 利 用 的一 切 人 ， 自己的妻子也 不例外 ，一步步的让 奥赛罗 由 怀 疑 到 肯 定 妻 子 出 轨 ， 继 而 杀 死 了 自己 的 妻
莎士比亚的奥瑟罗爱情与嫉妒的永恒主题
莎士比亚的奥瑟罗爱情与嫉妒的永恒主题莎士比亚的奥瑟罗：爱情与嫉妒的永恒主题莎士比亚是英国文学的巨擘，也是世界文学史上最重要的一位戏剧家。
他的作品涵盖了各种情感和主题，其中爱情和嫉妒是其创作中的永恒主题之一。
本文将探讨莎士比亚的著名悲剧《奥瑟罗》中的爱情与嫉妒，并分析这两种情感对剧中人物和故事发展的影响。
在《奥瑟罗》中，爱情被塑造得非常复杂而深刻。
故事发生在威尼斯与塞浦路斯之间的冲突之地，剧中的人物们被爱情的强大力量所驱使。
主人公奥瑟罗是一个贵族将领，他深深地爱着他的妻子德斯代蒙娜。
然而，由于种种误会和欺骗，嫉妒之火在他心中燃起，最终导致了悲剧的发生。
奥瑟罗的爱情充满了信任和虔诚，他将妻子视为自己的生命之源。
然而，当他听闻关于德斯代蒙娜与另一个男人卡西奥之间的传言时，他的内心受到了巨大的冲击。
嫉妒的种子在奥瑟罗的心中开始生根发芽，虽然他一开始试图抵制它，但嫉妒和猜疑最终战胜了他。
这种嫉妒不仅改变了奥瑟罗对妻子的信任和爱意，也毁灭了他自己。
在这一过程中，奥瑟罗几乎变得无法辨认，他沉迷于自我痛苦和自我怀疑中，最终导致了他对德斯代蒙娜的疯狂行为。
另一个角色，妻子德斯代蒙娜，也成为了爱情和嫉妒的牺牲品。
她深爱着奥瑟罗，但因为一系列误会和阴谋，她被冤枉为通奸者。
尽管她尽力辩解自己的清白，但她无力抵挡嫉妒和怀疑的破坏力。
她成为了她所爱之人背叛的牺牲品，最终导致了她的悲剧性命运。
除了奥瑟罗和德斯代蒙娜，卡西奥也是剧中一个重要的角色。
他作为奥瑟罗的副手，却成为奥瑟罗嫉妒的对象。
在剧中，卡西奥受到了邪恶势力的诱惑，被迫涉及到了一系列阴谋当中。
他的故事揭示了嫉妒对人性的破坏力，即使一个正直的人也可能被嫉妒之火所烧毁。
莎士比亚通过《奥瑟罗》展示了爱情和嫉妒之间微妙的平衡。
他向读者揭示了人类情感的复杂性和脆弱性。
爱情的美好同时也是它脆弱的根源。
嫉妒是一种暴力的情感，它能够摧毁甚至毁灭最坚固的关系。
莎士比亚通过奥瑟罗和德斯代蒙娜之间的爱情和嫉妒，展示了人类内心深处的复杂与矛盾。
莎士比亚《奥赛罗》读后感读后感
莎士比亚《奥赛罗》读后感读后感
莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》是一部广受赞誉的戏剧作品，它深入探讨了人性的黑暗面和嫉
妒的破坏力。
读完这部戏剧后，我深受触动，对其中的主题和角色有了更深入的了解。
首先，我被剧中对婚姻和爱情的描绘所吸引。
通过奥赛罗和德西蒙娜的关系，莎士比
亚展示了婚姻的脆弱性和嫉妒的毁灭力。
奥赛罗在德西蒙娜的爱情中感到幸福，但德
西蒙娜的忠诚被德西蒙娜的朋友意图破坏。
这种对婚姻的探讨使我思考了它在人们生
活中的重要性，以及婚姻中的不信任和背叛可能会带来的后果。
其次，我对剧中的角色奥赛罗和德西蒙娜产生了深深的同情。
奥赛罗是一个节俭和忠
诚的男人，但他对妻子的信任却被谣言和阴谋所破坏。
德西蒙娜则是一个善良和无辜
的女人，却成为阴谋的牺牲品。
莎士比亚通过这两个角色讨论了无辜者遭受的不公正
待遇，使我对社会的不公感到愤怒和心痛。
最后，莎士比亚通过剧中的反派角色也提出了一些深刻的思考。
德西蒙娜的朋友约战
的阴谋暴露了人类心灵中的黑暗面。
他们为了达到个人目的，不惜制造谎言和陷害。
这种无情和残忍让我感到震惊，也使我思考了人性中的恶意和自私。
总之，莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》是一部充满智慧和洞察力的戏剧作品。
通过对婚姻、爱
情和人性的探讨，莎士比亚提出了一系列深刻的问题，使我对人类行为和社会中的不
公有了更深入的理解。
这部作品在今天依然有着重要的启示作用，值得我们深入思考
和研究。
《奥赛罗》中的种族与嫉妒心理分析
奥赛罗中的种族与嫉妒心理分析
介绍
《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚创作的一部经典戏剧作品，于17世纪初首次上演。
该剧以威尼斯为背景，通过描述主人公奥赛罗和他妻子德斯代蒙娜之间发生的悲剧性事件，探讨了种族和嫉妒在个人心理和社会关系中扮演的角色。
奥赛罗的种族
奥赛罗是一位摩尔人（阿拉伯血统），在剧中被描绘成黑人。
他自我称呼为“Moor”（摩尔人），也被其他角色以此称呼。
奥赛罗在白人占多数的威尼斯社会中身份地位较低，面临着来自其他角色的歧视和偏见。
这种种族歧视使得奥赛罗处于一种内外夹击的境地，加深了他内心的疑虑和不安。
嫉妒心理对故事发展的影响
剧中最引人注目的情节之一是奥赛罗妻子德斯代蒙娜与其他男性卡西奥之间的关系。
奥赛罗的中尉埃米利亚对此加以煽动，使得奥赛罗陷入了极度的嫉妒和怀疑之中。
嫉妒心理推动了故事的发展，并导致了悲剧的结果。
种族与嫉妒心理的交织
在剧中，奥赛罗对自己所处社会地位的不确定感、偏见和他人对他种族的看法深感困扰，这为他内心产生了一种强烈的自卑感和恐惧感。
他因为这些原因变得特别敏感并容易受到别人言谈行举的影响。
因此，在受到埃米利亚挑拨时，奥赛罗对德斯代蒙娜产生了强烈的怀疑，并最终导致悲剧事件发生。
结论
《奥赛罗》通过探讨种族和嫉妒心理在主人公奥赛罗及其它角色身上引起的心理冲突和社会问题，揭示了人性弱点和社会制约对个体命运的影响。
这部戏剧作品通过深入分析种族和嫉妒心理，启示人们对于个体差异、偏见和歧视的认识，以及对人情世故背后心理驱动力的思考。
它提醒我们在面对复杂的社会关系时要保持冷静，不被外界因素所左右，真实地审视自己和他人。
奥赛罗悲剧成因嫉妒、轻信还是其他
奥赛罗悲剧成因嫉妒、轻信还是其他奥赛罗是莎士比亚的一部著名悲剧，其成因一直以来都是学者们热烈讨论的话题。
其中，嫉妒、轻信和其他因素都是导致奥赛罗悲剧的重要原因。
嫉妒是奥赛罗悲剧的一个重要因素。
奥赛罗的妻子苔丝狄蒙娜被奥赛罗误会为背叛者，而这种误会又因奥赛罗的副手伊阿古的阴谋而加深。
奥赛罗在愤怒和嫉妒的驱使下，错误地认为苔丝狄蒙娜背叛了他，并在愤怒中将她杀死。
这种无法控制的嫉妒情绪导致了一个无辜生命的悲惨结局，也使奥赛罗自己走向了悲剧的道路。
轻信也是奥赛罗悲剧的原因之一。
奥赛罗在受到伊阿古的谗言和诽谤后，没有通过其他途径去证实真相，而是盲目地相信了伊阿古的话，并据此做出了错误的决定。
这种轻信使得奥赛罗被误导，犯下了无法挽回的错误。
另外，其他因素也影响了奥赛罗悲剧的形成。
例如，苔丝狄蒙娜的清白和忠诚在剧中被伊阿古毁谤，这使得奥赛罗对她的信任产生了动摇。
伊阿古的阴谋诡计也是导致奥赛罗悲剧的原因之一，他利用奥赛罗的多疑和轻信，制造了苔丝狄蒙娜背叛的假象，从而导致了奥赛罗的悲剧结局。
嫉妒、轻信和其他因素共同促成了奥赛罗的悲剧。
嫉妒使得奥赛罗失去了理智，轻信使得他做出了错误的决定，而其他因素则为这个悲剧提供了必要的背景和情节。
这些因素相互作用，使得奥赛罗的悲剧成为一部深刻的作品，并为我们提供了对人性、爱情、背叛和权力等问题的深刻思考。
谁才是真正的罪魁祸首？封建礼教还是个人命运？——浅谈鲁迅《祝福》中祥林嫂悲剧的内在成因当我们谈论起鲁迅的经典作品《祝福》时，不禁让人想起那位命运多舛的主人公祥林嫂。
她的故事不仅让我们惋惜，更让我们思考：究竟是什么导致了祥林嫂的悲剧？她的不幸是封建礼教的牺牲品，还是个人命运的必然？在本文中，我们将深入剖析祥林嫂悲剧的内在成因，探究这一问题的答案。
祥林嫂的悲剧无疑与其性格密切相关。
她过于软弱、隐忍，对封建礼教缺乏应有的反抗精神。
在面对命运的不公时，她总是选择逆来顺受，而不是积极寻求改变。
四大悲剧莎士比亚顺口溜
四大悲剧莎士比亚顺口溜什么是悲剧？悲剧是戏剧的一种形式，通常描述了主人公在命运的推动下经历各种灾难，并在最终失败和死亡中达到某种净化和觉醒。
莎士比亚是英国文艺复兴时期最著名的戏剧家之一，他创作了许多伟大的悲剧作品。
其中最著名的四部悲剧被称为“四大悲剧”，分别是《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
《哈姆雷特》情节概述《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的悲剧之一，讲述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特与复仇的故事。
哈姆雷特的父亲被自己的兄弟克劳迪斯谋杀，克劳迪斯娶了哈姆雷特的母亲，在国王的坟墓上，哈姆雷特遇见了一个鬼魂，他被告知克劳迪斯是凶手。
哈姆雷特决定要为父亲复仇，但在复仇过程中，他的思想陷入了困境，他开始怀疑人生的意义和自己的行为。
主题分析•人性的复杂性：哈姆雷特的内心矛盾和思想的纠结展示了人性的复杂性。
他面对克劳迪斯的行为感到愤怒，但又因为复仇而质疑暴力手段是否合适。
这体现了人性中的善恶矛盾和道德选择的复杂性。
•唯心主义：《哈姆雷特》中的角色经常陷入怀疑和反思。
哈姆雷特一直在思考生死的意义，人类存在的目的和宇宙的秩序。
他在“世界是舞台”这一章中表达了他的唯心主义观点，认为人类行为像是一出戏剧，人们扮演着不同的角色。
•父子关系：《哈姆雷特》中的父子关系是一个重要的主题。
哈姆雷特对父亲的死感到悲痛和愤怒，他对母亲与克劳迪斯的婚姻感到厌恶。
这揭示了父子之间的复杂情感和代际矛盾。
《奥赛罗》情节概述《奥赛罗》是一部关于嫉妒和背叛的悲剧。
奥赛罗是威尼斯的将军，他爱上了年轻美貌的女子德斯德蒙娜。
但是，他的中尉约战斯卡罗博特嫉妒奥赛罗的爱情，从而策划了一场诡计，将奥赛罗误导以相信德斯德蒙娜与另一位军官卡西奥有染。
最终，奥赛罗被愤怒和嫉妒驱使，杀死了无辜的德斯德蒙娜，而后悔莫及。
主题分析•嫉妒的毁灭性：《奥赛罗》突出展示了嫉妒的毁灭力。
奥赛罗的嫉妒和怀疑导致他做出了致命的决定，使他不仅失去了亲人，还失去了自己的军职和声誉。
莎士比亚四大悲剧简介
莎士比亚四大悲剧简介莎士比亚四大悲剧简介莎士比亚四大悲剧包括《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》、《哈姆雷特》。
以下是小编收集整理的莎士比亚四大悲剧简介，欢迎阅读！《奥赛罗》内容简介黑脸的摩尔人奥赛罗是威尼斯城邦雇佣的一个将军，受种族限制而显得地位卑微的他爱上了贵族元老院元老勃罗班修聪明、美丽、大方的女儿苔丝狄蒙娜，明知婚事将不被允许，他们瞒着父母秘密结婚。
作为统帅的奥赛罗有一个看起来很忠勇的旗官伊阿古，他嫉妒奥赛罗提拔了卡西奥任副将而未关注自己，同时他也觊觎苔丝狄蒙娜的美貌，从而嫉妒奥赛罗娶妻成功。
这个外表忠厚、内心奸猾的小人伊阿古，想方设法制造令奥赛罗误以为卡西奥与其妻子苔丝狄蒙娜私通的假象和证据，让已经被伊阿古谗陷之言所引起的妒恨迷惑了心智的奥赛罗看到。
破坏奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜幸福婚姻，成为伊阿古最大的满足。
于是他想尽办法利用暗恋苔丝狄蒙娜的小贵族罗德里戈的急迫以及自己的妻子艾米利亚不明就里，苔丝狄蒙娜不贞的“证据”被奥赛罗信以为真，他任“怀疑”这种毒药在心间像硫黄一样燃烧，把伊阿古所提供的“间接证据”链条之间的断裂带用自己的联想填补并发酵、放大，最后妒恨令他几近发疯。
在新婚的床上，亲手掐死了忠贞而单纯的妻子苔丝狄蒙娜。
但当伊阿古的妻子揭穿这一谎言与骗局的时候，奥赛罗如梦初醒，拔剑自刎。
作品评价理论家斯泰斯：《奥赛罗》一剧不是表现嫉妒，而是表现奥赛罗的嫉妒，一个与威尼斯姑娘联姻的摩尔人可能感觉到的那种特殊的嫉妒。
英国戏剧作家兼理论批评家托马斯·利墨：“这个故事的道德意义当然是富有教益的。
它教导贤良的主妇要好好保管自己的手绢。
”“观众不能从中得到什么有启迪性的有益的印象，这种诗除了使人们良知迷途、思想混乱、头脑不安、本性堕落、想象分裂、口味败坏，并且使我们头脑里塞满虚荣、混乱、喧嚣和暧昧之外，并无用处。
”《李尔王》内容简介全剧有两条平行的故事线索。
主线索讲述的是古代不列颠国王李尔年老昏聩，要根据爱他的程度把国土分给自己三个女儿。
奥赛罗读后感
奥赛罗读后感800字奥赛罗读后感1《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一，它是一部多主题的作品。
其中包括：爱情与嫉妒的主题，轻信与背信的主题，异族通婚的主题等等。
该故事讲述的是：奥赛罗是威尼斯公国的一员勇将。
他与元老的女儿苔丝狄蒙娜相爱。
但由于他是黑人，婚事未被允许，两人只好私下成婚。
奥赛罗手下有一个阴险的旗官伊阿古，一心想除掉奥赛罗，他先是向元老告密，不了却促成了两人的婚事。
在奥赛罗选卡西奥担任副将后，更加怀恨在心。
他在博得奥赛罗的信任后，制造一系列假象迷惑奥赛罗，说卡西奥与苔丝狄蒙娜关系不同寻常。
奥赛罗信以为真，在愤怒中掐死了自己的妻子，当他得知真相后，悔恨之余拔剑自刎，倒在了苔丝狄蒙娜身边。
莎士比亚的悲剧总是让人有一种撕心裂肺的疼痛，而这种疼痛在无奈催生的窒息感的催化下便更加强烈。
《奥赛罗》集中表现了奸人教唆下发生的家庭悲剧。
忠贞的爱情和残忍的嫉妒同时强烈的体现于奥赛罗一身。
早在十七世纪下半叶，英国就有人热情肯定此剧：“从剧情来看，它是一出很好的戏，主要人物描绘的很好，诱惑的场面卓越的显示了伊阿古恶人的品性。
”对于主角奥赛罗的看法通常有两种：他是位坚强博大和灵魂高大的英雄，其所以杀害爱妻，只是由于轻信，尤其是奸馋者伊阿古过于狡猾所致；另一种是奥赛罗并不那么高尚，而是自我意识很强和性格有缺陷的人，他是急急不能待的就听信了伊阿古，责任在他本人。
但我认为奥赛罗的悲剧源于他那不被人知的脆弱自卑。
尽管他拥有伟岸的身躯和赫赫战功，然而他仍然是一个低等的外族黑人。
在外族歧视和等级偏见的社会背景下，有一颗脆弱的种子一直深埋他内心深处。
在他眼中，卡西奥就是一个完美的白人男子，所以他轻信了谗言。
“我是一个爱的不智但是爱的'很深的人；是一个不容易妒忌，但一旦被人煽动便会糊涂至极的人；一个像寒贱的印度人那样，把一颗比他整个部落财富更为珍贵的宝珠随手抛弃的人……”看到奥赛罗因悔恨而哭诉的这段话，我感到那来自心底的言语：悲剧的导演者永远是自己。
《奥赛罗》读后感
读《奥赛罗》有感《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。
小说以主人公名字命名，简明而不乏独特。
故事讲述的是：奥赛罗是威尼斯公国一员勇将。
他与元老的女儿苔丝狄梦娜相爱。
但由于他是黑人，婚事未被允许。
两人只好私下成婚。
奥赛罗手下有一个阴险的旗官伊阿古，一心想除掉奥赛罗。
他先是向元老告密，不料却促成了两人的婚事。
他又挑拨奥赛罗与苔丝狄梦娜的感情，说另一名副将凯西奥与苔丝狄梦娜关系不同寻常，并伪造了所谓定情信物等。
奥赛罗信以为真，在愤怒中掐死了自己的妻子。
当他得知真相后，悔恨之余拔剑自刎，倒在了苔丝狄梦娜身边。
前苏联对莎士比亚的研究中形成了对《奥赛罗》的独特解释，这种解释深刻地揭示了这一伟大悲剧的人道主义实质。
《奥赛罗》集中表现了奸人挑唆下发生的家庭悲剧。
忠贞的爱情和残忍的嫉妒同时强烈地体现于奥赛罗一身。
而阿古伪装诚实，利用奥赛罗的轻信而极尽损人利己之能事，也是原始积累时期的一种典型人物。
主人公奥赛罗的性格，正直、勇敢、单纯抑或易怒与轻信他人。
奥赛罗的最大缺点在于自卑，若不是自卑，他无须在伊阿古的几句挑唆后便怀疑自己的妻子。
他自卑于自己的肤色、形象、年龄，他自己其实觉得自己是配不上苔丝狄蒙娜的，他甚至觉得自己不如凯西奥，才会对他有一种难以言喻的害怕。
关于《奥赛罗》一剧的评论，据知早在十七世纪下半叶，英国就有人热情肯定此剧：“从诗行与剧情，特别是从剧情来看，它是一出很好的戏”，主要人物“描绘得好”；“诱惑的场面”卓越地显示了伊阿古恶人的“癖性”……对于主角奥赛罗的看法通常有两种：他是位坚强博大和灵魂高尚的英雄；其所以杀害爱妻，只是由于轻信，尤其是奸谗者伊阿古过于狡猾所致；另一种是奥赛罗并不那么高尚，而是个自我意识很强和性格有缺陷的人；他是急急不能待地就听信了伊阿古，责任在他本人。
全剧贯串着忌恶与猜疑，巧计连环，将人性中的狡诈与昏愚一面，发挥殆尽。
把伊阿古这一人间恶魔的缩影昭然在剧院舞台上，在书斋卷帙间，飞扬跋扈、称王称霸地呈现在人们眼前。
莎士比亚的虚荣与嫉妒：通过《奥赛罗》深入探讨嫉妒的祸害与操纵
莎士比亚的虚荣与嫉妒：通过《奥赛罗》深入探讨嫉妒的祸害与操纵1. 引言莎士比亚是英国文学史上最杰出的戏剧家之一，他的作品散布着各种复杂的心理和情感。
在《奥赛罗》中，莎士比亚着重描绘了虚荣和嫉妒这两个人性弱点对人们生活造成的破坏和操纵。
2. 奥赛罗中的虚荣•主要人物奥赛罗在戏剧中展现了虚荣心的一面。
他为了证明自己爱德萨蒙娜不背叛他而盲目相信了伊阿古所编造的谎言。
•奥赛罗的虚荣心导致了他失去理智，做出错误判断，并最终导致悲剧发生。
•这表明莎士比亚认为过度依赖外界评价和自我价值观建立在虚荣心基础上是危险且可毁灭性的。
3. 奥赛罗中的嫉妒•莎士比亚通过《奥赛罗》深入探讨了嫉妒这个普遍存在于人类心灵中的恶感。
•奥赛罗对爱德萨蒙娜被他人“夺取”产生了强烈的不安与怀疑，最终导致了他对她的杀害。
•此外，伊阿古也是一个典型的嫉妒者，他出于报复和破坏欲望而编造了关于爱德萨蒙娜与卡西奥的谣言。
4. 嫉妒的祸害与操纵•在《奥赛罗》中，莎士比亚刻画了由虚荣导致的疑忌、追求权力和控制以及最终带来的毁灭性后果。
•莎士比亚通过揭示人类对自己和他人失败感和不满情绪加之羡慕别人拥有某种东西而产生的敌意，表达了嫉妒带来的恶果。
•坏心态下无法相信别人，仇视观点、彼此间产生猜忌，最终会导致人类的自我毁灭。
5. 结论•通过《奥赛罗》这个戏剧作品，莎士比亚深刻洞察了虚荣心和嫉妒心对人们生活的危害与操纵。
•虚荣导致了人们对外界评价的过度依赖和自我价值观的扭曲。
•嫉妒则带来了对他人成功的敌意，并使人失去判断力和理智。
•这个作品提醒着我们要警惕并反思自己内心可能存在的虚荣和嫉妒，以避免陷入类似于奥赛罗所面临的悲剧境地。
《奥赛罗》读后感500字
《奥赛罗》读后感500字
《奥赛罗》是莎士比亚的一部杰作，它展现了妒忌和疑心对人性的摧残和毁灭，也深刻地反映了种族歧视和性别不平等的社会问题。
奥赛罗是一位黑人将军，在意大利担任领导军队的重要职务。
他与白人女子德西蒙娜相爱，并决定结婚，这让许多白人男子感到不满。
其中最妒忌的是奥赛罗的副手卡西奥，他与另一个白人男子约战，被擒后，他认为是奥赛罗背叛了他，从而开始了对奥赛罗和德西蒙娜的毁谤和陷害，最终导致了三人的悲剧性结局。
通过这部作品，我感受到了妒忌和疑心对人性的毁灭力量。
奥赛罗是一个勇敢、诚实、正义的人，但他对德西蒙娜的疑心和卡西奥的陷害，最终让他失去了自己最爱的人和最珍贵的东西。
同时，卡西奥的妒忌和陷害，也让他失去了自己的职位和尊严。
这让我深刻认识到，妒忌和疑心是一种消极的情感，会让人们迷失自我，损失友情和爱情。
此外，这部作品也反映了种族歧视和性别不平等的社会问题。
奥赛罗在军队中担任重要职务，但他的肤色却成为了许多白人的歧视和排挤的对象，这给他的生活和职业带来了很多困难。
此外，德西蒙娜在作为女性中的地位和权力也受到了限制和压制，她被视为奥赛罗的附庸，缺乏自主和独立的能力。
这让我认识到，社会中的种族歧视和性别不平等问题仍然存在，我们需要对此进行关注和反思，努力营造一个更加公正和平等的社会环境。
总之，通过阅读《奥赛罗》，我深刻地认识到了妒忌和疑心的毁灭力量，也认识到了社会中存在的种族歧视和性别不平。