上海市崇明县2015届高三第二次高考模拟考试历史试题

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2015年高三第二次全国大联考(新课标II版)文科综合历史部分

…○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………绝密★启用前2015年第二次全国大联考【新课标全国卷2】文科综合历史部分考试内容：高考全部内容考试时间：50分钟题号一二总分得分注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

2．答题前考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 3．考试作答时，请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。

第一卷每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；第Ⅱ卷请用直径0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域．．．．．．书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。

第I 卷（选择题）评卷人得分一、选择题（题型注释）24.魏征的直谏，备受封建文人推崇，无论是其“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”的民本思想，还是其“载舟覆舟，所宜深慎”的治国理念；无论是其“兼听则明，偏信则暗”的哲人睿思，还是其“创业难，守成尤难”的至理名言，都给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富和深刻的启示。

材料中魏征的直谏（）A ．对保持唐代吏治的廉洁起到了积极的作用B ．避免了皇帝决策的失误C ．正直的大臣对皇权有一定的制约作用D ．与君权形成了分立对峙的局面 25.司马光《训俭示康》：“近岁风俗尤为侈靡，走卒类士服，农夫蹑丝履。

吾记天圣中，先公为群牧判官，客至未尝不置酒，或三行、五行，多不过七行。

酒酤于市，果止于梨、栗、枣、柿之类﹔肴止于脯醢、菜羹，器用瓷漆。

当时士大夫家皆然，人不相非也。

”材料反映的本质是（） A.宋代商品经济活跃 B.商品经济发展人民生活富裕 C.宋代人生活十分腐化 D.社会分化现象十分严重26.不仅仅在三元里，在两次鸦片战争中，都有众多的中国民众为英军以及后来的英法联军服务，他们为这些“夷人”提供后勤，刺探情报、引路，甚至直接参与作战。

高考化学复习崇明县第二次高考模拟考试试卷 (2).docx

高中化学学习材料（灿若寒星**整理制作）崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷化学（考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将答案填写在答题纸上）本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原子质量：H-1 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127第I卷（共66分）一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下列物质中，属于弱电解质的是A．氯化氢B．碳酸氢钠C．一水合氨D．二氧化硫2、下列分离方法中，和物质的溶解度无关的是A．萃取B．纸上层析C．过滤D．蒸馏3、16O、18O是氧元素的两种原子，下列说法正确的是A．16O和18O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B．通过化学反应可实现16O与18O之间相互转化C．16O和18O的原子核外电子排布的方式不相同D．16O和18O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分子4、关于羟基的说法正确的是O-B．1mol羟基共有9mol电子A．羟基可以电离成H+和2C．与氢氧根离子是类别异构D．羟基只存在于分子晶体中5、下列有关侯氏制碱法的描述正确的是A．该反应条件下，碳酸氢钠难溶于水B．氨气和二氧化碳均来自合成氨工厂C．侯氏制碱法实现了对氨气循环利用D．生产时，应先通二氧化碳再通氨气二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6、下列排列顺序不正确的是A ．原子半径：Si ＞Na ＞OB ．热稳定性：HF ＞HCl ＞H 2SC ．碱性：CsOH ＞KOH ＞NaOHD ．失电子能力：K ＞Na ＞Mg7、如图所示，集气瓶内充满某混合气体，置于光亮处一段时间后，将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后，烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶，则集气瓶内气体是 ①CO 、O 2 ②C12、CH 4 ③NO 2、O 2 ④N 2、H 2 A ．①② B ．②④C ．②③D ．③④8、下列物质的制备线索中，不符合工业生产实际的是A ．NH 32O −−−→催化剂NO 22O H O−−−−→、HNO 3 B ．浓缩海水2Cl−−−→Br 2−−−−→鼓入热空气Br 2(粗产品)−−−→精制Br 2C ．MnO 2HCl−−−→浓加热Cl 22Ca (OH)−−−−→漂白粉 D ．石油−−−→裂解乙烯−−−→催化剂加热聚乙烯 9、某一兴趣小组准备在实验室中制H 2，装置如图所示。

8a海市六校2015届高三第二次联考历史试题

上海市六校2015届高三第二次联考历史试题考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确的选项。

1.“想参加陪审团的公民按先后秩序依次进入，直到既定的人数到齐为止……开庭审理前，陪审员对案件一无所知，他们了解整个案情、进行判决的唯一依据是诉讼人的演说陈述。

”古代雅典的这一制度A．体现了其民主的运作方式 B．表明公民只享有形式上的平等C．保证了案件判决的公平公正 D．为后世提供了完备的司法程序2.“在共和国晚期，特别是在罗马帝国时期，司法者……建立起一项原列，即被告在被确认犯罪之前是无罪的，被告有权利在法庭的法官面前同原告对质。

”这项“原则”A．推动了罗马法由习惯法向成文法转变 B．确保了罗马境内居民权利和平等C．反映出民主是罗马法精神的本质内涵 D．体现出古罗马司法追求公平公正3.董仲舒认为孔子撰《春秋》的目的是尊天子、抑诸侯、崇周制而“大一统”，以此为汉武帝加强中央集权服务，从而将周代历史与汉代政治联系起来。

西周时代对于秦汉统一的重要历史影响在于A．构建了中央有效控制地方的制度 B．确立了君主大权独揽的集权意识C．形成了天下一家的文化心理认同 D．实现了国家对土地与人口的控制4.《汉书•食货志》记载：“今法律贱商人，商人已富贵矣；尊农夫，农夫已贫贱矣；故俗之所贵，主之所贱也；吏之所卑，法之所尊也。

”这表明A．朝廷重农，百姓抑商 B．上至朝廷下至百姓皆重农抑商C．百姓皆重商轻农 D．重农抑商政策出现上下相背离倾向5.《唐书•百官志》云:“自开元以后，常以(宰相)领他职……故时方用兵，则为节度使；时崇餳学，则为大学士；时急财用，则为盐铁转运使。

2015级高三历史第二次检测答案

2015级高三第二次检测历史参考答案2.A【解析】察举制确立于汉武帝时期，由地方长官在辖区内考察、选取人才并推荐给上级或中央，经过试用考核再任命官职，与题干主旨不符，故C项错误。

材料“叔孙通担任奉常后便请于高帝”表明官员的任用权还是在皇帝手中的，故B项错误。

官僚政治是建立在官吏的选拔和任命制基础之上的，而材料反映汉初官员的任用存在俱损俱荣的依附关系，这就背离了选拔、任命的原则，需要在实践中加以完善，故A项正确。

材料没有休养生息方面的信息，故D项错误。

3.C4.D【解析】“连年轮差御史，贪官未见止息，民困未见全苏，盗贼未见消弭，地方未见安堵，往返迎送，糜费徒多”表明巡按御史制度导致吏治腐败和社会矛盾，故清廷的措施意在缓解吏治腐败引发的社会矛盾，故D正确；A、B材料无法体现；将中央监察地方的权力交给总督、巡抚，使得中央对地方最高官员的监察处于制度性缺失的状态，不利于中央集权，C错误。

5.C【解析】本题重在注意时间信息。

184-589年正处于东汉至魏晋南北朝时期，因为战乱故而经济发展指数下降。

589-754,960-1279恰恰是隋唐和宋元时期，因为此时是大一统和中央集权，故而经济发展稳中有升。

故C项符合题意。

耕作工具、商品经济和土地兼并等材料中没有体现出。

所以答案选C。

6.B7.A【解析】题干中“与商业经济无直接关联”是解题的关键信息。

“九市开场，货别隧分”指的是政府对正规市场的管理，与商业经济有一定的关联，故B项排除；“贝锦斐成，濯色江波”指的是蜀人织锦濯锦江中则锦色鲜艳，濯于他水，则锦色暗淡，也就是阐释了织锦的技术，与商业经济无直接关联，故A项正确；“经游（营）天下遍，却到长安城”阐释了商人经营范围广，长安成为全国重要的商业中心，故C项排除；“苛峨大舶映云日，贾客千家万户室”指的是明朝时期，广州成为国际大都市，远洋贸易方面，除了传统的南洋和印度洋航线外，还开通了美洲和西欧航线，故D项排除。

【解析】材料反映的主要信息是：州郡县地方官员应该要求治理下的民众利用手中的农具垦荒，发展农业生产，对好逸恶劳者要严厉处罚。

历史高考模拟题-高中历史题及答案-上海市崇明县2016届高三第二次高考模拟考试试题

崇明县2015学年第二次高考模拟考试试卷历史考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共75分）1－30题，每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

1．被古希腊人称为“Mesopotamia”的古代文明区域，其遗址遗迹主要位于今天的A．印度B．埃及C．希腊D．伊拉克2．随着生产力的提高和文明结构的扩大和强化，古代世界分散的点状文明逐渐发展为较大范围的区域文明或文化圈。

其中由东向西排列正确的是A．伊斯兰文明/儒家文明/基督教文明B．儒家文明/伊斯兰文明/基督教文明C．基督教文明/儒家文明/伊斯兰文明D．基督教文明/伊斯兰文明/儒家文明3．古代希腊城邦制度的全盛时期相当于中国的A．商朝时期B．西周时期C．春秋战国时期D．秦汉时期4．英国、法国、西班牙以及意大利是经济发达、独立自主的欧洲国家。

在历史上这些国家曾共同受到某一帝国的统治，这个帝国是A．罗马帝国B．阿拉伯帝国C．拜占庭帝国D．奥斯曼土耳其帝国5．中世纪后期，德意志汉萨同盟大多数成员都采用的《律贝克法》第一条明确规定：“每个城市都要加强防御海盗和其他破坏者，以使航海商人自由进行贸易。

”此处所谓“其他破坏者”主要包括A．国王B．农奴C．领主D．市民6．杜牧在《阿房宫赋》中写道，雄伟壮丽的阿房宫被项羽军队焚毁。

但考古发掘表明，阿房宫并未建成更没有遭受大规模焚烧。

由此可见A．考古发现比古人的记述更为真实B．史事的真实性需要考古的确证C．考古发掘是还原史事的重要手段D．文学作品具有一定的史料价值7．下列中国古代官职或机构中，具有监察职能的是①御史台②刺史③内阁④军机处A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④8．丝绸之路是古代横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线，其运输方式分为陆上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路，它们的起点分别是A．洛阳、明州B．长安、泉州C．长安、广州D．洛阳、泉州9．文人政治与积贫积弱现象共生共存的朝代是A．秦朝B．汉朝C．宋朝D．明朝10．“国家初制，奏章票拟，主之内阁；军国机要，主之议政处；若特颁诏旨，由南书房翰林院视草”采取此种统治措施的是A．同治帝B．康熙帝C．雍正帝D．道光帝11．掌握历史纪年方法是历史学习的重要内容，下列有关历史纪年的表述，不正确的是A．公元前3世纪晚期秦朝建立B．民国二十六年全面抗战开始C．乾隆五十年时乾隆皇帝50岁D．1898年是干支纪年的戊戌年12．马丁·路德曾称印刷术为“上帝至高无上的恩赐，使得福音更能传扬”。

历史高考模拟题-高中历史题及答案-上海市长宁、嘉定区2015届高三第二次模拟考试

上海市长宁、嘉定区2015届高三第二次模拟考试历史试题一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1．某同学想了解古代两河流域的历史情况，他可以查阅( )A．《荷马史诗》 B．《历史》 C．《摩诃婆罗多》 D．《吉尔伽美什》【答案】D【解析】本题旨在考查《吉尔伽美什》。

古代两河流域的文学创作十分丰富，其中最著名的是目前人类历史上已知的最古老的英雄史诗《吉尔伽美什史诗》，是一部关于苏美尔三大英雄之一的吉尔迦美什的赞歌。

D项正确。

2．促使我国境内远古居民定居生活的最重要因素是( )A．原始农业的发展 B．掌握建造房屋的技术C．自然环境的变化 D．贫富贵贱分化的出现【答案】A【解析】本题旨在考查原始农业的发展。

原始农业的发展使我国远古居民的生活由迁徙、游牧走向定居，其中种植业的发展起了决定性作用，A项正确。

B、C、D三项不是决定性因素。

3．学者黄中业指出，“分封”一词源于《左传》，指的是周初“封建亲戚，以屏宗周。

”分封一词的“分”字，是说受封的诸侯国是由西周中央王朝分出去的……。

“封建”一词的“建”，是说由周王室派出的受封者所建立的是国家。

这说明西周的分封制( ) A．诸侯国与中央是松散的联盟关系 B．诸侯国与周王室之间毫无关系C．是由殷人后裔和姬姓贵族建立的 D．诸侯国成为了周王室的臣属地【答案】D【解析】本题旨在考查分封制。

根据材料中诸侯国是由“周王室派出的受封者”建立的和分封的目的是“以屏宗周”两点信息可知：西周分封制下诸侯国是周王室的臣属地，故D项正确。

虽然最高执政集团尚未实现权力的高度集中，但周王室与诸侯还保持着君臣隶属关系，诸侯要定期朝见周天子，纳贡称臣。

诸侯在政治上并非处于独立地位。

所以ABC三项不正确。

4．有位思想家提出：“国弱民强，民强国弱。

故有道之国，务在弱民。

……民，辱则贵爵，弱则尊官，贫则重赏。

”下列现象与该思想有着直接关系的是( )A．仁者爱人，兄友弟恭 B．实力竞争，追功逐利C．反对浪费，反对战争 D．无为而治，休养生息【答案】B【解析】本题旨在考查法家思想。

崇明二模答案(终稿)16.4

崇明县2015学年第二次模拟考试试卷高三政治（加试）答案（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）一、单项选择题（共90分，每题3分。

每题只能选一个选项。

）二、简答题（31题8分，32题14分，33题10分，共32分）31．（1）提高效率（效能），简政放权，优化政府的服务职能，全心全意为人们服务。

（3分）（2）实事求是就要尊重客观规律，按客观规律办事。

（2分）实事求是是中国共产党的思想路线的核心，建设创新政府的关键是要解放思想，打破旧观念、旧思想和旧理论的束缚，在实践中不断研究新情况，敢于提出新的观点和见解，勇于变革和创新，使思想与实际相符合，并按客观规律办事，做到实事求是。

（3分）32．（1）答案示例：维护司法公正有利于保障公民的合法权利，维护广大人民群众的根本利益；（2分）有利于依法打击和惩罚极少数敌对分子的破坏活动，维护司法的权威性和法律的尊严，在全社会树立对法律的信仰，维护和实现社会公平正义；（3分）有利于维护和实现社会安定有序，构建社会主义和谐社会；（2分）有利于巩固人民民主专政，加强社会主义法制建设，推进依法治国，推动社会主义政治文明建设。

（2分）（言之有理亦可得分）（2）人生价值包括社会价值和自我价值两方面。

人生的社会价值即个人对社会的责任与贡献；人生的自我价值即社会对个人的尊重和满足。

二者相互联系，但相对而言人生的社会价值是第一位的。

（2分）周欣她二十年如一日，奋斗在重大刑事案件审判第一线，参审逾千刑事案无一错案，这体现了她对社会的责任与贡献，是其社会价值的体现，是第一位的；对于她优秀的工作业绩，国家、社会给与她各项荣誉称号体现出社会对他的尊重，这是她自我价值的体现。

（3分）33．（1）图表反映了“十二五”期间的前四年我国粗钢产量逐年增加，2015年粗钢产量出现近30年来首次下降（1分）。

我国的产能规模整体呈放缓的扩大趋势，但产能利用率处于下滑态势（1分），且低于国际通用水平，产能过剩不断扩大（1分）。

(解析版)2015年上海市崇明县高三二模历史试卷

2015年上海市崇明县高三二模历史试卷一、单选题（共35小题）1．在古代各文明区域中，长期以宗教为依据严重阻隔不同阶层社会成员之间流动的是（）A．东亚地区B．南亚地区C．西亚地区D．西欧地区考点：历史与历史的重现答案：B试题解析：本题主要考查相关史实的再认再现能力。

南亚的印度在晚期吠陀时代（公元前900—前600年）形成了种姓制度。

该制度是古代世界最森严的等级制度，迄今，在印度社会尤其是印度农村仍然保留着巨大的影响。

该制度以宗教为依据将人分为四等，四个等级不仅在法律上不平等，而且严格禁止低等级的男子与高等级的女子通婚。

2．与东方“泱泱大国、王权至尊”相比，西方文明在源头上则表现为“小国寡民、君民共治”的特点。

西方的这一现象集中表现在（）A．希腊古典时代B．罗马帝国时代C．中世纪的欧洲D．15世纪的英法考点：古希腊的民主政治答案：A试题解析：本题主要考查对材料中的信息正确解读的能力。

由题目中的信息“西方文明......源头”、“小国寡民”即可选出A项；B项晚于A项，与题目中的信息“源头”不符，故排除；C、D两项处于专制时期，与题目中的信息“文明”不符，故排除。

3．11世纪前后，西欧封建制度渐次形成，依据史实，下面表格中的①②应该是（）A．封建等级；分裂割据B．君主等级；民族国家C．城市自治；君主专制D．君主专制；封建割据考点：欧洲的宗教改革答案：A试题解析：本题主要考查相关史实的再认再现能力。

中世纪的西欧通过采邑改革形成了封建等级制度，随着时间的推移，采邑逐渐演变为世袭领地，封建领主的权力日益强大，王国陷入分裂割据的状态。

故本题应选A项。

4．以下是某位学者对春秋战国时期儒、法、道三家的评价。

下列学派与评价对应正确的是（）①关注人生，留下的是生活态度：真实、自由、宽容②关注国家，留下的是治国理念：公开、公平、公正③关注文化，留下的是文化价值：仁爱、正义、自强A．①儒家②法家③道家B．①法家②道家③儒家C．①道家②儒家③法家D．①道家②法家③儒家考点：春秋战国时期的百家争鸣答案：D试题解析：本题主要考查对材料中的信息正确解读的能力。

2015高考历史模拟题及解析_2015年上海高考历史模拟题及解析

试卷类型:B 某某市2015年高三教学质量检测(I)历史注愈事项:1.本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，否则无效。

3.非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔答在答题纸上每题对应的答题区域内，否则无效。

第一部分(选择题共48分)一选择题《本大题共24小题，每小题2分，共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中。

只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.《左传》:“天有十日，人有十等。

下所以事上，上所以共神也。

故王臣公，公臣大夫，大夫臣士，士臣皂。

”材料反映了我国古代的宗法制C.实行摘长子继承制D.“国”与“家”的结合2.秦律规定:与盗者“不盈五人”，共赃“不盈二百廿以下到一钱”，只给予流放;但如“五人盗”，赃只“一钱以上”，也要“斩左止，有(又)黥以为城旦”。

对材料最准确的理解是“群盗”3.《汉书·地理志》说:“武帝攘却胡、越，开地斥境，南置交趾，北置朔方之州，兼徐、梁、幽、并夏、周之制，改雍曰凉，改梁曰益，凡十三部，置刺史。

”这一措施A.拓展了西汉的疆域B.加强了对少数民族的统治4.唐长儒指出:“唐代科举从形式上看和过去的孝廉、秀才有继承关系，只是当门阀盛时被举为秀才孝廉的人必定出于世族，而唐代并无此限制。

”材料表明科举制的发展5.《荀子·富国》中记载“掩地表亩，刺草殖谷，多粪肥田，是农夫众庶之事也”。

材料表明中国古代经济的特点是6.《左传·昭公四年》中载:恒公曰:“伍鄙(人民)若何?”管子对曰:“相地而衰征，则民不移。

”材料中“相地而衰征”的实质是A.按照土地的多少和好坏而征税“今驱人而归之农，皆着于本，使天下各食其力，末伎游食之民转而缘南亩，言皆趋农作，则蓄积足而人乐共所矣”。

该主X的主要目的是C.减少人口流动D·打击了富商大贾8.宋史学家说:“至唐，承平日久，丁口滋众，官无闲田，不复给授，故田制为空文。

2015年高考上海卷历史试题答案及解析

2015年高考上海卷历史试题答案及解析2015年高考结束了，考生们也准备到学校去报道了。

2016年的考生们也准备开始第一轮复习，拿到高考真题也会有些紧张，现店铺整理了2015年上海高考历史试题及其参考答案，仅供参考，希望对你有帮助!2015年高考上海卷历史真题+答案+解析一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

1.”一万年农业，五千年文明，两千年大一统“指的是( )A.中华文明B.埃及文明C.印度文明D.希腊文明【答案】A【解析】中国是世界农业起源地之一，有上下五千年的文明，还有自从秦朝建立中央集权以来，发展的历程一直没有中断，延续两千多年。

2.“什尔巴克，这是个你也知道的市镇，它的位置在幼发拉底。

那是个古老的市镇，诸神都在那里存身，是他们让诸大神泛起洪水……”以上文字出自( )A.《吉尔伽美什》B.《罗摩衍那》C.《摩诃婆罗多》D.《荷马史诗》【答案】A3.“每一国的人民，一方面要遵守自身特有的法律制度和社会习俗，一方面要遵守全人类共同的法律，……根据自然理性，适用于全人类的法律称为列国通法”。

与此理论相关的法律实践是( )A汉穆拉比颁布了颁布了集古代两河流域各国法律之大成的法典B梭伦改革时期颁布了废除债务奴隶的法令C罗马共和国政府公布了“十二铜表法”D卡拉卡拉皇帝敕令授予罗马帝国全体自由民以公民权【答案】D【解析】适用于全人类的法律称为列国通法是卡拉卡拉皇帝敕令授予罗马帝国全体自由民以公民权。

4.在中央集权体制初创的秦朝，选用啬夫的是( )A太尉 B皇帝C郡守、县令 D丞相【答案】C【解析】啬夫是县以下行政机构的，不算官吏，掌管赋税的征收，所以选用来自地方长官郡守、县令。

5.公元前202年汉朝建立。

这一年处在( )A公元前2世纪初 B公元前2世纪末C公元前3世纪初 D公元前3世纪末【答案】C【解析】公元前202是公元前3世纪。

6、“井田之变，豪人货殖，馆舍布于州郡，田亩连于方国。

上海市十三校2015届高三第二次联考历史试卷及答案

2015 年上海市高三十三校第二次联考
历史试卷
考试时间 120 分钟满分 150 分一、选择题（共 75 分）以下每小题 2 分，共 60 分，每题只有一个正确的选项。
1．某地的宗教信仰先后有法老、基督、安拉。该地区最可能是 A．埃及 B ．巴勒斯坦 C ．阿拉伯半岛 D ．古代两河流域
2．《全球通史》说：“自由探究的精神， ______政体的理论和实践，多种形式的艺术文学和哲学思想，对个人责任心的强调——所有这些构成了希腊留给人类的光辉遗产。 ”这里的空格处应是
A．《人权宣言》 B ．《解放宣言》 C ．《共产党宣言》 D ．《理想国》
18．一位士人回忆：“四月初，‘逆贼’攻陷常州，省城南京中的富户纷纷迁徒，我奉祖母之命，带全家迁避苏州东边的周庄。叔叔因办理团练，不能出城。十三日，我雇了船要回省城，逆贼已经攻陷省城，无法进入，只好带着祖母，就近前往一个有洋枪队保护的城市避难。”此处“ 逆贼 ”作乱指的是
20．右侧图案最早应出现于 A．闭关时的广州 B．第二次鸦片战争时期的广州 C．开埠时的上海 D．小刀会起义华洋杂居后上海
21．“—般来说，当帝国的权利来自一个人时，
它便
软弱；而当它来自千百万人民时刚强大……如果学者、商人和老百姓都能关心民族的危
机，那么这样的人民将是聪明的，否则就是愚昧的。”这种观点的最早倡导者应该是
8．自汉至唐，懦学被奉为“ 周（公）孔之道 ”，宋代以后懦学多被称作“孔孟之道” ，促成这一变化的是
A．宗法血缘制度逐渐瓦解 B ．印刷水发明传播儒学 C．程朱理学成为统治思想 D ．陆王王心学的日益兴起
9．边境军情告急，朝廷即由顾问参谋草拟好军事作战及后勤调度方案，各部执行。以上场景最可能发生于以下哪个朝代

高考化学复习崇明县第二次高考模拟考试试卷 (2).docx

高中化学学习材料鼎尚图文收集整理崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷化学（考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将答案填写在答题纸上）本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原子质量：H-1 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127第I卷（共66分）一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1、下列物质中，属于弱电解质的是A．氯化氢B．碳酸氢钠C．一水合氨D．二氧化硫2、下列分离方法中，和物质的溶解度无关的是A．萃取B．纸上层析C．过滤D．蒸馏3、16O、18O是氧元素的两种原子，下列说法正确的是A．16O和18O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B．通过化学反应可实现16O与18O之间相互转化C．16O和18O的原子核外电子排布的方式不相同D．16O和18O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分子4、关于羟基的说法正确的是O-B．1mol羟基共有9mol电子A．羟基可以电离成H+和2C．与氢氧根离子是类别异构D．羟基只存在于分子晶体中5、下列有关侯氏制碱法的描述正确的是A．该反应条件下，碳酸氢钠难溶于水B．氨气和二氧化碳均来自合成氨工厂C．侯氏制碱法实现了对氨气循环利用D．生产时，应先通二氧化碳再通氨气二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6、下列排列顺序不正确的是鼎尚图文鼎尚图文A ．原子半径：Si ＞Na ＞OB ．热稳定性：HF ＞HCl ＞H 2SC ．碱性：CsOH ＞KOH ＞NaOHD ．失电子能力：K ＞Na ＞Mg7、如图所示，集气瓶内充满某混合气体，置于光亮处一段时间后，将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后，烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶，则集气瓶内气体是 ①CO 、O 2 ②C12、CH 4 ③NO 2、O 2 ④N 2、H 2 A ．①② B ．②④C ．②③D ．③④8、下列物质的制备线索中，不符合工业生产实际的是A ．NH 32O −−−→催化剂NO 22O H O−−−−→、HNO 3 B ．浓缩海水2Cl−−−→Br 2−−−−→鼓入热空气Br 2(粗产品)−−−→精制Br 2C ．MnO 2HCl−−−→浓加热Cl 22Ca (OH)−−−−→漂白粉 D ．石油−−−→裂解乙烯−−−→催化剂加热聚乙烯 9、某一兴趣小组准备在实验室中制H 2，装置如图所示。

2015届崇明县高三英语二模试卷及答案(官方版)

崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高三英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak e rs. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Doctor and patient. B. Bank clerk and customer.C. Waiter and customer.D. Shop assistant and customer.2. A. In a café. B. In a stationary shop. C. In a kitchen. D. In a food market.3. A. The weather won’t be fine. B. The man has called to cancel their plan.C. T hey have got no permission.D. The woman has to look after her nephew.4. A. S he wanted to see what the man bought. B. The man bought a lot of books.C. She didn’t like the books the man bought.D. The man shouldn’t have bought books.5. A. At 2:50. B. At 3:25. C. At 3:50. D. At 4:50.6. A. Bob’s mouth is getting bad. B. Bob spoke ill of the man.C. Bob doesn’t like the woman.D. Bob’s proud of the man’s success.7. A. The wool sweaters. B. The cool weather. C. Their plan in August. D. The summer vacation.8. A. His annual checkup should be at 4:15 today.B. He has no time to take the annual checkup tomorrow.C. He made a mistake about the date of his annual checkup.D. His annual checkup needs to be postponed until tomorrow.9. A. We should care more about the danger of drunk driving.B. People killed in traffic accidents are mostly drunk drivers.C. Drunk drivers shouldn’t be responsible for traffic accidents.D. We have paid enough attention to the danger of drunk driving.10. A. Buy a new car. B. Look for a less expensive car.C. Buy a car from the woman.D. Help the woman paint her car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.111. A. 74 centimeters. B. 110 centimeters. C. 220 centimeters. D. 276 centimeters.12. A. It has legs. B. It flies at night. C. It is solar-powered. D. It is the longest.13. A. Michelle Obama’s helping educate girls in Japan.B. Japan’s feedback on the White House’s initiative.C. The reason for proposing Let Girls Learn initiative.D. Michelle Obama’s promoting an initiative in Japan.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. V oice our opinion where we have experience.B. Be brave enough to ask questions in LinkedIn.C. Give our sincere suggestions to the employers.D. Invite experts to write recommendations for us.15. A. To share interesting articles. B. To better sell ourselves.C. To learn about new job openings.D. To chat with people in our field.16. A. In the digital age, finding a job is only a piece of cake.B. Social media plays an important role in the job search.C. Digital equipment is becoming more and more popular.D. Online conversations can improve a job hunter’s abilities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.2II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)After 30 years (25)_____ a pilot, Captain Peter Elliott got to fly holiday-makers on a Thomas Cook flight from Birmingham, UK, to Tenerife, Spain with his daughter.Senior First Officer Laura Elliott (26)_____(fly) for six years but has never before got to work with her father. ―It’s my dream to be able to fly with my Dad,‖ she said.It had seemed unlikely that the pair would ever co-pilot (27)_____ same aircraft because Miss Elliott learned to fly on Airbus planes when she joined the company in 2009, and her father flew Boeings. However, after Peter Elliott, 59, retrained to fly Airbuses, their dream of flying together came true.Miss Elliott, 30, became interested in flying when (28)_____(inspire) by her father with a trial flight as her birthday present. Miss Elliott said: ―Becoming a pilot was never something I had considered. It was only when my Dad bought me a trial flight for my 18th birthday (29)_____ I considered following in my Dad’s footsteps.‖The pair finally sat in the cockpit (驾驶员座舱) together and Mr Elliott made an announcement to passengers (30)_____ the flight made it a special day for him as he was flying with his daughter.Miss Elliott recalled the flight, (31)_____(say), ―I was initially nervous and he kept asking (32)_____ I was nervous or not. It was like going for a driving lesson with him. Thankfully, everything went smoothly and the passengers loved it. If it ever happens again, I will definitely be a lot(33)_____(relaxed).‖(B)Has the world just witnessed its first ever robot suicide? Boring housework was seemingly too much for one cleaning robot to take, when it apparently rebelled and decided to end it all.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria. It had reportedly grown tired of (35)_____(force) to clean the house every day and decided to become a martyr(殉道者) to the robot cause.―Somehow it seem s (36)_____(restart) itself again before it made its way along the work surface. Then it pushed a cooking pot out of the way and basically that was the end of it,‖ explained fireman Helmut Kniewasser, who (37)_____(call) to deal with the fire at Hinterstoder in Kirchdorf. ―It pretty quickly started to melt underneath and then stuck to the kitchen hotplate. It then caught fire. (38)_____ _____ _____ we arrived, it had become just a pile of ash.‖ He added: ―The entire building (39)_____ _____be evacuated (疏散) and there was severe smoke damage particularly in the flat in which the robot had been in use. ―It’s a mystery how it came to be started and ended up making its way to the hotplate.‖ (40)_____ took an hour to clean and make the building safe. The homeowner plans to charge the robot’s manufacturer.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.3Young children may face serious health risks from popular energy drinks, such as Monster, Red Bull and Rock Star, 41 causing heart problems and other life-threatening conditions, according to the findings of new researches.During a presentation at the annual Cardiac Scientific Sessions 2014 meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA), researchers warned about the risk of allowing young children 42 to the energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine(咖啡因) and other stimulants.Researches 43 that the energy drinks are not intended for young children and are not safe for them to consume. Steven Lipshultz, M.D., lead author of the study, is calling for a warning on all energy drink cans and bottles, warning parents of the risk of allowing children to drink them.Researchers say it is difficult to know exactly how much caffeine is contained in each can or bottle of energy drinks, since they are often 44 as dietary supplements (补充物), which allow the manufacturers to avoid FDA regulations.Energy drink manufacturers have compared the amount of caffeine in their products to that in hot drinks sold in coffee houses, but their products are often packaged in very large sizes and they are not sold in 45 environments like coffee houses, which typically would not serve young children. Energy drinks are widely available in 46 stores next to traditional soft drinks, typically packaged in very similar cans and using similar marketing techniques.Some energy drinks in many of the popular lines can contain up to 400 mg of caffeine per can. In comparison, a cup of coffee typically has around 100 mg of caffeine. Caffeine poisoning can occur in adults at levels higher than 400 mg a day; however, children under 12 can 47 caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight.A study published in September 48 up the new findings, revealing energy drinks may cause serious heart problems. French researchers revealed the popular energy drinks may be linked to 49 risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death.The FDA is 50 investigating health concerns surrounding the drinks after numerous negative event reports have been made in recent years connecting energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 51 . And it’s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily 52 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a 53 spot in the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There’s tons of 54 pressure.‖4In some cases, a(n) 55 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to 56 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 57 .Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity(免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also 58 the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 59 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 60 to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.―As more people 61 the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and t hat’s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.62 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 63 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a 64 , such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry.Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate65 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.51. A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy52. A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained53. A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough54. A. money B. peer C. blood D. time55. A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative56. A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion57. A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state58. A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists59. A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to60. A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored61. A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on62. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise63. A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile64. A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty65. A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.5（A）Warner Brothers has announced more Harry Potter movies are on the way. The studio is working with Potter author J. K. Rowling to create a new franchise (特需经营权) of movies based on ―Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them‖, which is a fictitious textbook in the Harry Potter world. The story will also follow the adventures of the book’s author, Newt Scamander. Rowling, for the first time, will pen the screenplay.It comes as no surprise that Warner Brothers is trying to keep the Harry Potter franchise going. The films alone have earned $7.7 billion at the box office. The franchise has probably almost doubled those earnings on home video and TV sales. Then there’s the many Harry Potter products that fans still snatch up.But at some point, Harry Potter could seem old hat and that’s not something Warner Bro thers wants to see happen. So executives had three choices: restart the franchise, come up with continuations or spin off part of the Potter world into a new movie.Without books to support the new stories, the upcoming movies could be a tougher sell for Warner Brother s. Harry and friends won’t appear at all in the new movies which will be set in New York 70 years before Harry Potter heads to Hogwarts.The new stories will also net video games, products and e nhance Rowling’s website.Here’s Rowling on the upcoming franchise:It all started when Warner Brother s came to me with the suggestion of turning ―Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them‖ into a film. I thought it was a fun idea, but the idea of seeing New t Scamander, the supposed author of ―Fantastic Beasts‖, realized by another writer was difficult. Having lived for so long in my fictional universe, I feel very protective of it and I already knew a lot about Newt. As Harry Potter fans will know, I liked him so much that I even married his grandson, Rolf, to one of my favourite characters from the Harry Potter series, Luna Lovegood.As I considered Warners’ proposal, an idea took shape that I couldn’t get rid of. That is how I could express my own idea for a film to Warner Brothers.Although it will be set in the worldwide community of wizards (巫师) where I was so happy for seventeen years, it is neither a previous work nor a continuation to the Harry Potter series, but an extension of the wizarding world. The laws and customs of the hidden magical society will be familiar to anyone who has read the Harry Potter books or seen the films, but Newt’s story will start in New York, seventy years before Harry gets underway.66. The phrase ―snatch up‖ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ―_____‖.A. rush to purchaseB. give up reluctantlyC. make profits fromD. take away by force67. What made Rowling accept Warner Brothers’ proposal?A. Her eagerness to try writing for the screenplay.B. Her unwillingness to see others write the story.C. The attraction of earning more at the box office.D. The film company’s promise to enhance her website.68. It is implied in the passage that creating and selling the new movies may be _____.A. inspiringB. embarrassingC. disappointingD. challenging69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Warner Brothers’ expanded partnership with Harry Potter author.B. Warner Brothers’ success and development in Harry Potter series.C. Rowling’s view on the upcoming franchise of Harry Potter movies.D. Rowling’s creative ideas for the cooperation with Warner Brothers.6（B）Health & Fitness MembershipsThe Brio Health & Fitness Membership packages offer great value for money withno joining fee, no contract, flexibility and choice --- making your health and fitness 12 months for the price of 10P ay annually and you'll get 12 months for the price of 10. See below for prices.Brio Premier✧Unlimited use of all Brio gyms✧Unlimited use of all fitness classes✧Unlimited casual swimming at all Brio pools770. Brio Leisure must be _____.A. a websiteB. a health clinicC. a sports clubD. an entertainment park71. Sam, who has a membership of Brio Premier at Frodsham Leisure Centre, can enjoy _____ at6.00pm on Wednesday.A. fitness classesB. casual swimmingC. racquet sportsD. steam and sauna72. Which of the following center suits Alice, who likes swimming and playing racquet sports andwants to enjoy jacuzzi afterwards?A. Christleton Sports Centre.B. Rudheath Leisure Centre.C. Neston Recreation Centre.D. Winsford Lifestyle Centre.73. If Steven wants to use the Brio gym and swim at noon on weekdays, he needs to pay at least _____for half a year’s membership.A. £112.50B. £135.00C. £140.00D. £168.00（C）Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall, and they’ll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends. If you’re satisfied with your social life, according to psychologists, you tend to be satisfied with life in general.From the point of my 50s, I’d say that sounds about right. Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband, a few close relatives, and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway. But the more I read about how social media are interfering with (干扰) good old-fashioned friendship, creating virtual bonds that can’t qu ite take the place of real ones, the more I wonder just how today’s 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they’re my age.After all, much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s. According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago, who helped launch the academic study of human development, people choose most of their adult relationships, both friends and lovers, between the ages of 22 and 28. The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they’re also our first truly chosen friends. And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s.But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online, an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is. A study, conducted in 2010 by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin, investigated the Facebook habits of 776 young people between the ages of 18 and 35. ―Whether it is a wall post, a comment, or a photo,‖ they wrote, ―young people’s engagement with Facebook is driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives.‖This kind of constant contact can be efficient, but it can also be upsetting. For one thing, it adds a new layer of concern to a young person’s already-heightened awareness of social ranking, giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about. ―I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image, especially a public image online,‖ wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog. ―Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they’re up to, where they’re at, what projects they’re working on.It can be a bit much at times.‖ Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship.874. According to the passage, the 20s is an age for people to _____.A. have a good public imageB. keep themselves informedC. look back on their own livesD. develop critical relationships75. Which of the following is a disadvantage of making friends online?A. It makes people pay less attention to social ranking.B. It robs people of the happy moments spent with friends.C. It keeps people away from their family and close relatives.D. It prevents people from keeping in contact with their friends.76. What was the aim of the study conducted by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee?A. To know about the 776 young people’s Facebook habits.B. To find out how social media affect real-world social life.C. To help young people stay connected to the lives of friends.D. To investigate what kind of people prefer online interactions.77. The author may agree that _____.A. old-fashioned friendship can help create virtual bondsB. there’s no need for young people to make online friendsC. real-world friendship is a better choice for young peopleD. online friendship is an inevitable trend in the modern worldSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Students in Finland won’t have to study subjects. Soon, their classrooms would resemble conferences where ―topics‖ are discussed.The education system in Finland is about to undergo a revolutionary and fundamental change, although it enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The education department has decided to abandon the old method of ―teaching by subject.‖ I nstead, the country will now involve the children to help them learn and question by evolving to ―teaching by topic‖, shared Liisa Pohjolainen, who is in charge of youth and adult education in Helsinki – the capital city leading the reform program, ―This is going to be a big change in education in Finland that we’re just beginning.‖The education system, though appearing to be revolutionary, is quite logical, explained Pasi Silander, the city’s development manager, ―What we need now is a different kind of e ducation to prepare people for working life. Young people use quite advanced computers. In the past the banks had lots of bank clerks adding up figures but now that has totally changed. We therefore have to make the changes in education that are necessary for industry and modern society.‖How does Finland plan to apply the method of teaching by topic? Evidently all-round vocational training and accumulated skill development take up priority over ―lessons.‖ Those in their late teens are already being engaged in what Finland refers to as ―phenomenon teaching‖ – or teaching by topic. For example, ―cafeteria services‖ lessons will include elements of finance, languages (to help serve foreign customers), writing skills and communication skills.9Students will slowly be taught cross-subject topics which would have varying elements of multiple ―subjects.‖ These elements will vary with the ―topic‖ or ―skill‖ the student is learning. Apart from the same, students will move away from the traditional sitting and evaluation techniques as well. Students will sit in smaller groups and work collectively to solve problems, all the while improving upon their communication skills. They won’t be made to sit in rows and asked questions individually to assess their progress. Instead, a group whose collaborative efforts bring out results faster will be promoted.The education system needs a thorough reform, owing to the fact that traditional teaching techniques were based on traditional tools that were quite limited in availability and accessibility. With modern world being extensively connected, isn’t it time for the students to learn how to step ahead of mere fact-based learning that promotes memory expansion rather than mental development?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Finland is launching its education reform by _________.79. What’s the purpose of Finland’s education reform?80. What are two of the main features of ―teaching by topic‖?81. Finland decides to reform its education because traditional teaching _________.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们学习英语不是为了参加考试，而是为了掌握一种交际工具。

上海市崇明县2015届高三第二次高考模拟考试语文试卷

资料概述与简介崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷语　文考生注意：本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

考试时间150分钟。

试卷满分150分。

一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1－6题。

（17分） ①我曾听一位外国朋友这样说过在中国居住的时间越长，就越发喜欢中国人。

中国人身上有种难以形容的东西。

尽管他们缺乏卫生习惯，生活不甚讲究；尽管他们的思想和性格有许多缺点，但仍然赢得了外国人的喜爱。

我已经把这种难以形容的东西概括为温良。

如果我不为这种温良正名的话，那么在外国人的心中它就可能被误认为中国人体质和道德上的缺陷——温顺和懦弱。

这里再次提到的温良，就是我曾经提示过的一种源于同情心或真正的人类的智慧的温良——既不是源于推理，也非产自本能，而是源于同情心——来源于同情的力量。

那么，中国人又是如何具备了这种同情的力量的呢？ ②我在这里冒昧给诸位一个解答——或者是一个假设。

诸位愿意的话，也许可以将其视为中国人具有同情力量的秘密所在。

中国人之所以有这种力量、这种强大的同情的力量，是因为他们完全地或几乎完全地过着一种心灵的生活。

对此，我们可以用中国人实际生活中表现出的一般特征，来加以说明。

③首先，我们来谈谈中国的语言。

中国的语言也是一种心灵的语言。

一个很明显的事实就是：那些生活在中国的外国人，其儿童和未受教育者学习中文比成年人和受过教育者要容易得多。

原因在于儿童和未受教育者是用心灵来思考和使用语言。

相反，受过教育者，特别是受过理性教育的现代欧洲人，他们是用大脑和智能来思考和使用语言的。

有一种关于极乐世界的说法也同样用于对中国语言的学习：除非你变成一个孩子，否则你就难以学会它。

④接下来的例子，依旧是体现在中国人日常生活中，并得到大家承认的一个事实——中国人的礼貌。