新概念英语 第一册 第133-135课 语法：直引变间引

He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” → He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher. He asked me, "Do you like playing football?“ → He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” →My sister asked me what my friend was. Jack asked me, "How do you like the film?" →Jack asked me how I liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” → The solider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” →He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” →She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” →He often says that he will tell me about them.
1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.
My mother said that she was ill that day.
2.“We work hard at English.” he said. He said that they worked hard at English.
tomorrow
next …
the next/following day
the next/following …
※直接引语中的指示代词转换规则：
this变为that;
these变为those 本来就是that/those则不变。
※直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go:
※直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：
She went to school.
祈使句
直接引语是祈使句，则改为 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 其他变化同上。
He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”
He asked me to go there the next day.
The teacher said, “Don’t talk any more.”
The teacher told us not to talk any more.
直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：
now today tonight ago yesterday last night then that day that night before/earlier the day before the night before
直接引语变间接引语
１）人称的变化 一随主，二随宾，三不变
口诀 说明
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
直接引语
间接引语
一 随 主
二 随 宾 三 不 变
She said,“ I like She said that she liked tennis Tennis.” He said to Lily, He told Lily that “ you must get she must get up up early” early
→ He said (that) he left his book in your room.
一般疑问句 用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say 要改为ask ，语序要变为陈述语序
• He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” • He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. • He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?” • He asked whether I was interested in English.
• He asked me whether I spoke English or French. • I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” • I asked whether I would take bus or take
பைடு நூலகம்
train.
• “Is he all right?”They cried out. • They cried out whether he was all right.
1.Our teacher said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.” Our teacher said that light ______ much faster travels than sound. 2.“I graduated in 1966.”My brother said. My brother said that he graduated in 1966.
a letter then.
Practice :
１. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” John said that he _____ reading adventure stories. liked ２. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” had broken She told me that she ____________ my CD player. ３. He said, “I‟ll come here this morning.” He said he_______ go there that morning would ４. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he had finished his homework. ___________ ５. He said, “they are playing games over there?” He said that they_______ playing games over there. were
直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：
1）直接引语为陈述句 2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊 疑问句） 3）直接引语为祈使句
陈述句: 连词(that)引导，that常省略
e.g. He often says,“China is great.” → He often says (that) China is great. Tom says,“I am a student.” → Tom says (that) he is a student. He says,“I leave my book in your room”
3)My teacher said, „„ she is a good student. ‟‟ she My teacher said ____was a good student 4) He said to me,“ I‟ve left her book in your room” he He told me that ___had lefther book inmy ___ ___ room.
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句
2) 时态的变化
He says, „„ I will do it tomorrow” He says that he will do it tomorrow.
如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语 变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直 接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要 做出相应的改变．
1.They said to me, “We are working hard at a company.”
They told me that they were working at a company.
2.“I am writing a letter now.”she said.
She said that she was writing
“Do you know my name?”
She asked me
是否 Whether / if
I knew her name.
“Are you at home yesterday?”
She asked me
Whether / if I was at home
the day before.
“Are you ready?”
may – might
won’t – wouldn’t
going to – would
注意：大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出 现or (not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。
• He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
She asked me
Whether / if I was ready.