四级真题Model Test 1(四级)

Model Test 1
Part I Writing（30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then explain whether to choose a good university or a good major when it comes to listing university preferences. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension（25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
1. A) Most of their schools are closed for two months.
B)They need meaningful programs to improve health.
C) A lot of them are getting less to eat during school days.
D)They depend on schools for meals on weekdays.
2. A) It found a way to provide snacks to boys and girls.
B) It brought meals to them in a converted school bus.
C) It operated a program in partnership with a bank.
D) It provided fruits to boys and girls in a school bus.
Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
3.A) It is a special day in America.
C) It celebrates the importance of fathers.
B) It is on the third Sunday in June.
D) It is time for people to thank father figures.
4. A) It is a common father expression in English.
C) It means a boy is very much like his father.
B) It originates from William Blake’s poem.
D) It means people’s personalities form early.
Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5. A) Children coming from poor families.
C) Children from well-educated families.
B) Children of high socioeconomic roots.
D) Children with much higher intelligence.
6. A) There are differences in the brains of high-scored students.
B) The temporal lobes of high-scored students develop slowly.
C) The brains of low-scored students have more gray matter.
D) Different test performance might have its biological reason.
7. A) Financial aid.B) Early action.
C) Special medicine.D) Special training. Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) They're classmates.B)They're roommates.
C)They're cousins.D) They're lab partners.
9. A) He couldn't decide on a topic for his paper.
B) He thought his paper was late.
C) He hadn't heard from his family for a while.
D) He thought the woman had been ill.
10. A) To find their way back to the nest.B) To locate plant fibers.
C) To identify kinds of honey.D)To identify relatives.
11. A) Visit his parents. B) Write a paper.
C) Observe how bees build nests. D) Plan a family reunion.
Conversation Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Salt Lake City, USA.B) New York City, USA.
C) Helsinki, Finland.D) Stockholm, Sweden.
13. A) The twenty-ninth.B) The twenty-second.
C)The twenty-third.D)The twenty-fourth.
14. A) 10:00AM.B) 8:30 AM.C) 4:35 PM.D) 5:55 PM.
15. A) He asked for a specially-prepared dinner.
B) He wanted an aisle seat.
C) He requested some milk for his baby.
D) He asked for a seat near the front of the plane.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) In grocery stores.B) In supermarkets.
C) At fast-food restaurants.D) In hotels and bars.
17. A) After they order their food, the customers usually wait just a few minutes.
B) The customers carry the food to a table themselves.
C) For many people the service at the fast-food restaurant is more important than the quality of food.
D) Customers can't take the hamburgers away.
18. A) At the fast-food restaurant, the service is fast and the food is inexpensive.
B) At the fast-food restaurant, the food has the best quality.
C) The fast-food restaurants are more beautiful and cleaner than the ordinary ones.
D) The fast-food restaurant provides different food.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) Two groups of people participated in an experiment.
B) Light-colored rooms make students do better on the exam.
C) People in the nice-looking rooms tend to be biased in their opinion.
D) The effects of a room's general appearance and its wall color on visitors.
20. A) They will make the visitors walk faster.
B) They will make the visitors cover more area.
C) They will make the visitors appreciate the exhibits more.
D) They will make visitors find the subjects on display less beautiful.
21. A) Darkness stimulated more and sooner activity.
B) Different environments will lead to different performances.
C) Students should take an exam in a comfortable room painted dark brown.
D) Beautiful decorations cause people to react slowly to objects in a room.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) To make recommendations on dieting.
B) To report the latest advances in brain surgery.
C) To relate an experiment combining sleep and exercise.
D)To advise ways of dealing with sleep difficulties.
23. A) Your heart rate is lowered.B) It becomes harder to relax.
C) You become too tired to sleep.D) Sleep rhythms are disturbed.
24.A) Failure to rest during the day.B) Lack of sleep on weekends.
C) Vigorous exercise in the evening.D) Eating cheese before going to sleep.
25. A) At a radio station.B) In a lecture hall.
C) In a biology lab.D) At the doctor's office.
Part III Reading Comprehension（40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
This is a holiday widely celebrated with different names in many countries. Although it 26 as a religious holiday, it has lost its religious connections in the United States. It is now celebrated largely as a children's day, and many American children look forward to it for days and weeks 27 .
The orange pumpkin is harvested at this time of year and is 28 out, a funny face cut into it, and a candle placed inside as a decoration in the window. City folks, nowadays, sometimes use paper pumpkins for decorations.
Some years ago, the holiday was celebrated by 29 up in strange and frightening costumes and playing tricks on one's neighbors and friends, such as ringing door bells, throwing bits of com on the window panes, and in other ways making minor 30 .
More recently, children come to the door to have friends and neighbors admire their costumes and guess who they are behind the false faces and receive treats of candy, fruit or cookies. They say," Trick or Treat", meaning, "I will 31 a trick on you if you will not give me a treat." This practice has even more recently developed into a 32 international activity. Instead of candy, the children collect money for UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund). This 33 collection of money by children for 34 children throughout the world is known as "UNICEF Trick or Treat". Begun only recently, it results in several million dollars each year 35 to UNICEF. The collection box is orange, reminiscent of the pumpkin.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) needy E) concerned I) significant M) originated
B) concentrated F) play J) contributed N) generated
C) disturbance G) critical K) dressing O) prediction
D) hollowed H) beforehand L) special
Section B
Directions: In. this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each para-
graph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Renewable Energy
How does energy use affect the environment?
A)All forms of electricity generation have some level of environmental impact. However,
clean energy technologies, including renewable energy and combined heat and power, have fewer impacts than other sources of electricity generation.
How can I make a difference?
B)In the United States, electricity is generated in many different ways, with a wide variation
in environmental impact. Traditional methods of electricity production contribute to air quality problems and the risk of global climate change. With the advent of electric customer choice, many electricity customers can now choose the source of their electricity.
In fact, you might now have the option of choosing cleaner, more environmentally friendly sources of energy. The energy decisions we make every day can encourage the development of new power sources, save natural resources, and help ensure that the quality of our environment is preserved. In many parts of the country, consumers now have the opportunity to choose the source of the power that is delivered to their home or business-including energy derived from renewable sources.
C)"Renewable energy" generally refers to electricity supplied from renewable energy sources,
such as wind and solar power (energy supplied by the sun), geothermal (energy created from the extreme heat contained in liquid rock-called magma (岩浆）－within the Earth’s core), hydropower (energy derived from the movement of water as it flows downstream), and various forms of biomass (fuel from sources such as trees, wood and agricultural wastes and fuel crops). These energy sources are considered renewable because they are continuously replenished on the Earth.
Hydrogen Energy
D)Using hydrogen energy could help address many concerns facing our nation and our world.
We believe hydrogen can contribute to resolving these issues for these reasons: Firstly, hydrogen can be made from a variety of domestic feedstocks like water, biomass, coal and
natural gas. Second, hydrogen is non-toxic(无毒的）, non-poisonous and will not contribute to groundwater pollution. It does not create “fumes” or other harmful emissions;
in fact, using hydrogen in fuel cells produces only electricity and pure water. Furthermore, hydrogen is a key enabler for the development and more widespread implementation of renewable energy technologies, resulting in cleaner and more efficient products in the marketplace.
E)Fifty million tons of hydrogen is produced each year worldwide, with nine million tons
being consumed in the U.S. The challenge is to bring hydrogen into the everyday lives of customers as they begin to use hydrogen-powered vehicles and other applications.
Geothermal Energy
F)Our earth's interior －like the sun －provides heat energy from nature. This heat －
geothermal energy －yields warmth and power that we can use without polluting the environment. Geothermal heat originates from Earth's fiery consolidation of dust and gas over 4 billion years ago. At earth's core －4,000 miles deep －temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Solar Energy
G)Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other
buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses. After the 1973 oil embargo（禁运），there was a resurgence(复苏）of interest in solar energy. Compared to the old forms of reducible energy (coal, oil,nuclear), solar energy offers a clean renewable form of energy.
Wind Energy
H)We have been harnessing the wind's energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to
farms in the United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain.
Today, the windmill's modern equivalent-a wind turbine(涡轮机）－can use the wind's energy to generate electricity. Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more above ground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a
rotor(旋转器）。

I) A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure
air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the wind's force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag.
The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.
Ocean Energy Basics
J)The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat, and mechanical energy from the tides and waves. Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them the world's largest solar collectors. The sun's heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, and this temperature difference creates thermal energy. Just a small portion of the heat trapped in the ocean could power the world.
K)Ocean thermal energy is used for many applications, including electricity generation.
There are three types of electricity conversion systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid(混合的）. Closed-cycle systems use the ocean's warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia（氨）. The vapor expands and tums a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity.
Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator. And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems.
L)Ocean mechanical energy is quite different from ocean thermal energy. Even though the sun affects all ocean activities, tides are driven primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon, and waves are driven primarily by the winds. As a result, tides and waves are intermittent(断断续续的）sources of energy, while ocean thermal energy is fairly constant.
Also, unlike thermal energy, the electricity conversion of both tidal and wave energy usually involves mechanical devices.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36. The sun and the earth are similar in their way of providing heat.
37. The yearly consumption of hydrogen in the United States is around 9,000,000 tons.
38. A wind turbine, which is the windmill's modern form, can be used to transfer wind energy into electricity.
39. Thanks to the advent of electric customer choice, customers now have the chance to choose the source of the power.
40. The gravitational pull of the moon results in tides.
41. Using renewable' energy to generate electricity has the least bad influences on the environment.
42. Ocean thermal energy can be changed into electricity through an open-cycle electricity conversion system.
43. In the ocean, tides and waves can generate mechanical energy.
44. The energy that can be continuously replenished on the Earth is regarded as renewable energy.
45. People became interested in solar energy again after the oil embargo.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity, but emotional capacity as well.
Feelings aren't usually associated with inanimate(无生命的）machines, but Posalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT, believes emotion may be just the thing computers need to work effectively. Computers need artificial emotion both to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement, says Picard.
“If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent, to adapt to us, and to interact naturally
with us, then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions, to have emotions, and to have what has come to be called emotional intelligence,” Picard says.
One way that emotions can help computers, she suggests, is by helping keep them from crashing. Today's computers produce error messages, but they do not have a “gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn't make sense. A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts. On the other hand, self-presevation would need to be subordinate to service to humans. It was fear of its own death that prompted. RAL, the fictional computer in the film 2002: A Space Odyssey, to exterminate（消灭）most of its human associates.
Similarly, computers·that could "read” their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us－not just what we said and did, but what we likely thought and felt.
“Emotions not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction, but they directly impact a person's ability to interact in an intelligent way,” Picard says. “Emotional skills, especially the ability to recognize and express emotions, are essential for natural communication with humans.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.According to Picard, emotional intelligence is necessary to computers because .
A) it can make computers analyze the information more efficiently
B) it can help to eliminate the computers' innate problems
C) it can improve the mechanic capacity of computers
D) it can make computers achieve a better understanding of human users
47. An emotionally intelligent computer is likely to ..
A) have a successful interaction with human beings by adapting to their needs.
B) enable human beings to enhance their ability to express emotions in daily life
C) automatically produce correct messages.
D) be free from producing meaningless messages in its operation
48. The phrase "gut feeling"(Line 2,Para. 4) most probably means .
A) intuitive feelings B)'guilty feelings
C) confusing feelings D) unpleasant feelings
49. The film 2002:A Space Odyssey (Lines 5-6, Para. 4) is mentioned to illustrate
A) a typical case of a fictional computer with emotions
B) the necessity of bringing computers with emotions under control
C) the possibility that computers with emotions might kill human associates
D) the troubles that might be caused by computers with emotions
50. What does the author think about the computers with emotions?
A) The author has high expectation for its potential in the future.
B) The author worries that it will threaten the security of human beings.
C) The author doubts its capacity to interact with human beings.
D) The author believes that it will take the place of human beings in many aspects.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A recent study, published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone, by contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.
The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 pm, and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue," he says,“is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使······缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a
license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.
Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice(新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six months.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

51. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?
A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 pm.
B) A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.
C) Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.
D) A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.
52. According to Paragraph 3,which of the following statements is true?
A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.
B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.
C) Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.
D) The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers' driving accidents.
53. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that .
A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule.
B) they should be prohibited from taking on passengers.
C) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 pm.
D) the licensing system should be improved.
54. A graduated license is issued to a driver who .
A) is at least a middle school graduate.
C) gains full driving rights step by step.
B) has learned driving at a driving school.
D) has a driving experience long enough.
55. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system
A) is under discussion B) is about to be set up
C)has been put into effect D) has been perfected
Part IV Translation（30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
在中国，出国留学的人数逐年上升，但出国留学却不见得是一个不错的投资选择。

拥有海外文凭的求职者与拥有国内文凭的求职者相比，并无优势可言。

但对于那些留学海外以及想要出国进修的学生而言，有机会开阔眼界远胜过对经济风险的担忧。

现在学生更看重个人发展，不再只是把出国留学看作是提高职场竞争力的一项“投资”。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Model Test
答案详解
Part I Writing
Choosing a Good University or a Good Major?
写作指南
这是典型的四级看图习作。

要求考生先简单描述图片内容，继而就“学生报考高校时，选择名牌大学还是热门专业”这个话题发表自己的见解。

根据题目要求，可将文章内容安排如下：
第一段简明扼要地描述图片内容，引出下文讨论的话题。

第二段分析选择名校的优缺点以及选择一般院校热门专业的优势。

第三段简单作结。

范文与译文
As is shown in the picture, there is a hot debate between the father and mother over the topic of whether to choose a good university or a good major. In fact, there are both advantage and disadvantage of choosing a good university or a good major, and people should be prudent when listing university preferences.
It is true that graduates from top universities are more popular in the labor markets. But even the best university has unpopular majors, which means graduates from these majors could be less competitive in many aspects. On the contrary, maybe you are studying in a common university, but if your major is very “hot” or is exclusive to only several universities, you will surely be especially competitive in the real world.
To sum up, when listing university preferences, do not simply focus on the name of a university or a major. It is wiser to take more factors into consideration and choose the one that is most suitable for you.
正如图片所示，父亲和母亲围绕选择好大学还是好专业进行着激烈的争论。

事实上，
选择好大学或者好专业，都是既有利又有弊的，人们应该在填报大学志愿时慎重考虑。

确实，名校毕业生在劳动力市场上更受欢迎。

但是，即使是最好的大学也有不受欢迎的专业，这意味着这些专业的毕业生在很多方面都可能竞争力更弱。

相反，也许你就读于一所普通的大学，但如果你的专业非常“热门”或者是少数大学独有的专业，你肯定会在现实世界中特别有竞争力。

总之，在填报大学志愿时，不要只考虑大学或专业的名号。

把更多因素考虑在内，选择最适合自己的，这才是更聪明的做法。

亮点词汇
prudent /pru:dənt/a.审慎的preference /'prefərəns/n.偏爱的事物
top university 名校labor market 劳动力市场
on the contrary 相反exclusive/ɪk'sklu:siv/a.独有的
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Questions 1 and 2 wil be based on the following news item.
［1] In the United States, millions of children depend on schools for meals during the school day. When classes end, however, so do the meals. Most schools are closed for three months over the summer, meaning a lot of these children could be getting less to eat. In the Washington, D.C. area, a non-profit group has found a way to provide food to boys and girls over the summer months. [2] The group brings meals to them in a converted school bus. The group operates the program in partnership with a local grocery store. The feeding bus started making trips to needy communities in June, when school ended. “When they （kids) see the bus coming, they are happy. They like fruits." Cecelia Vergatti is with the Capital Area Food Bank. She helped launch the program.
1.What do we learn about millions of children in the U.S. from the news report?
［D]【详解】题目问我们根据这则新闻报道可以了解关于数百万美国儿童的什么情况。

新闻开头部分即提供了问题的答案：在美国，数百万儿童上学期间依赖学校提供伙食（millions of children depend on schools for meals during the school day). D几乎是对此信息
的原词复现，其中的on weekdays 与录音提到的during the school day 同义，D为本题答案。

报道中提到大部分学校夏季放假三个月（Most schools closed for three months over
the summer)，在此期间学校停止为学生提供伙食，导致许多学生吃不上饭。

A说学校放假两个月，放假时长不对。

B“他们需要改善健康状况的有意义的项目”报道中并没有提及。

C“许多学生上学期间伙食在减少”与报道的事实相反，学生们是在学校放假后才getting less to eat.
2. What did a non-profit group do to help boys and girls over the summer months?
［B]【详解】题目问及一个非营利组织做了什么以帮助放暑假的学生。

报道提到这个非营利组织找到一个为暑假期间的学生提供食物的途径，具体而言，就是通过改装的校车为学生提供食物（brings meals to them in a converted school bus), B 是对此的原词复现，故为答案。

报道只提到该非营利组织为假期中的学生提供meals,并没有具体说明是snacks “零食”，所以A不准确。

报道中明确提到该非营利组织与当地的一家grocery store“杂货店”合作开展这一项目（operates the program in partnership with a local grocery store),C 说与一家银行（bank)合作，与事实不符。

报道最后提到孩子们看到运送食物的校车到来很开心，因为他们喜欢吃水果（fruits),D说该非营利组织为孩子们提供fruits,表述不全面，项目主要是给学生们提供meal,水果只是其中的一部分。

Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.
［3] On the third Sunday in June, Americans take time to recognize and thank a special person in the family-fathers! Father's Day celebrates the importance of fathers, young and old, and the men thought of as father figures.
＂Like father, like son" is probably the most common father expression. It means a boy is very much like his father, and sons often do what their fathers did before them. This can be a good thing or a bad thing.
The words “the child is father of the man" come from the William Wordsworth poem "My Heart Leaps Up."[4] It means people's personalities form when they are children. They will most likely have the same qualities as an adult that they had as a child.
Sometimes fathers are not a good influence or active in the lives of their children. In that case, a person may look for a father figure, a man who is not actually the person's father but。