高三英语二轮复习非谓语动词学案

高三英语二轮复习非谓语动词学案
高三英语第二轮复习学案编号：0118
Unit 2 非谓语动词
考点一：非谓语动词作主语
动词不定式和动名词可用作句子的主语。

不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。

两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词置于后面。

To get up early is necessary.
It’s not easy to work out the problem.
Finding work is difficult these days.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
考点二：非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语。

①afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。

He failed to attract her attention.
高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第2页
②come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。

She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.
③admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等动词后要接动名词作宾语。

I admit breaking the window.
④burst out，can’t stand，end up，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote...to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a
good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。

He didn’t want to end up goin g home alone.
⑤下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。

高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第3页
Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.
请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。

I remember turning off the light before I left the office.
我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。

⑥动词like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。

但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的行为要用不定式。

高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第4页
I like swimming，but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
注：在prefer...to...结构中用动名词，而在prefer...rather than...结构中则用不定式。

I prefer walking there to taking a bus.
I prefer to walk there rather than take a bus.
⑦动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。

与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。

The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
⑧形容词worth后要接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。

The Summer Palace is worth visiting.
The Summer Palace is worthy of being visited/to be visited.
⑨介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。

但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。

高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第5页
Upon arriving at the airport，he delivered an important speech.
It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
⑩动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。

He found it difficult to work out the problem. 考点三：非谓语动词作宾语补足
语动词不定式和分词用作宾语补足语。

①tell,want,wish,advise,order,get,require, expect, remind,persuade,encourage, convince, force, beg, allow, forbid等动词后可接不定式作宾语补足语。

My doctor advised me to take a rest.
②使役动词have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

I like him because he makes me laugh.
③感官动词feel，hear，see，watch，notice，高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第6页
observe，listen to，look at等后面可接不带to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。

Did you notice anyone go into the house?
④have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等动词后可接现在分词作宾语补足语。

She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.
⑤want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep,leave,see,hear,find,feel,notice,observe,watc h等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。

I wish the office painted white before I move in. 考点四：非谓语动词作定语
动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作定语。

①不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。

I have a lot of things to do today.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic
Games.
高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第7页
②不定式作定语时有时要用主动形式表示被动意思。

Do you have anything to take home?
③动名词作定语通常表示中心词的用途。

He had a very expensive walking stick.
④现在分词作定语，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，且分词动作正在发生；过去分词则表示被动关系，且分词动作已经完成或陈述中心词的状态。

Do you know the man talking to Tom?
Do you know all the people invited to the party?
All the broken windows have been repaired.
考点五：非谓语动词作状语
动词不定式和分词可用作状语。

①不定式可用作目的状语。

He sat down to have a rest.
②不定式在下列结构中作结果状语。

adj./adv.＋enough＋to do...
高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第8页
too＋adj./adv.to do...
so＋adj./adv.＋as to do...
He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.
③不定式可用来表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to do结构。

He left，never to return.
He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。

To be honest，I know nothing about it.
⑤分词可用作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语。

当分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系时，用现在分词；如是被动关系，要用过去分词。

She got home，feeling exhausted.
She got home, exhausted.
⑥现在分词还可作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。

常见的说法有:generally speaking“一般来说”；frankly speaking“坦白地说”；judging 高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第9页
from...“根据……来判断”；considering...“考虑到……”等。

Judging from his accent，he is Canadian.
考点六：非谓语动词作表语
动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作表语。

The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. My hobby is growing flowers.
This experience is thrilling.
He was thrilled at the sight of the scene.
高频考点：
考点七：非谓语动词的几种特殊结构
①不定式的复合结构
“for/of＋名词(代词)＋不定式”构成不定式的复合结构。

It’s expensive for people to use electricity for cooking.
It’s careless of you to make such a mistake.
②动名词的复合结构
动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复高三英语组高考二轮复习学案第10页
合结构，逻辑主语可用名词的所有格或物主代词，有时也可用名词或宾格代词。

I can’t imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat.
My coming back home late made my mother very angry.
③分词的独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,就要给分词加上自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。

Weather permitting，we’ll play golf this afternoon.
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. ④“疑问词＋不定式”结构
When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it.
⑤with的复合结构
In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.
With five minutes to go before the last train left，we arrived at the station.
考点八：非谓语动词的时态和语态
①不定式的时态和语态
He refused to be taken abroad.
It happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.
He is generally considered to have invented the telephone.
No harm seems to have been done.
②动名词的时态和语态
He went away without saying anything.
He narrowly escaped being drowned.
I’m sorry for having wasted so much of your time.
I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago.
③现在分词的时态和语态
Not knowing her address，I wasn’t able to contact her.
I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house.
Having bought our tickets，we went into the theatre.
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
高考链接：
A组2010年
1．(全国卷Ⅰ)With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprise B was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised
3．(北京卷)________ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same
excitement in their eyes.
A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked
4．(四川卷)A great number of students ________ said they were forced to practice the piano.
A．to question B．to be questioned C．questioned D．questioning
5.(四川卷)In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ________.
A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
6．(安徽卷)He had a wonderful childhood, _______ with his mother to all corners of the world.
A．travel B．to travel C．traveled D．traveling
7．(江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.
A．to discover B．to be discovered C．discovered D．being discovered 8．(湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone ________ for help?
A．calling B．call C．to call D．called
9．(湖南卷)Dina, ________ for months to find a
job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled C．having struggled D．to struggle
10．(福建卷)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A．sticking B．stuck C．to be stuck D．to have stuck
11．(浙江卷)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．Weighing
12．(辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work _____ in the medical circles.
A．to recognize B．recognizing C．recognize D．recognized
13．(山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy,
with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.
A．laid B．laying C．to lay D．being laid
14．(陕西卷)________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．Seen B．Seeing C．Have seen D．To see
15．(天津卷)It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces.
A．caused B．having caused C．causing D．to cause
B组2009年
1．(全国卷Ⅰ)Now that we’ve di scussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions ________？A．taking B．take C．taken D．to take
2．(四川卷)Ladies and gentlemen，please remain ________ until the plane has come to a
complete stop. A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．seat 3．(天津卷) ________ the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.
A．Competing B．Having completed C．To have completed D．To complete 4．(山东卷)We are invited to a party ________ in our club next Friday.
A．to be held B．held C．being held D．holding
5．(江西卷) ________ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A．Giving B．Having given C．To give D．Given
6．(浙江卷)There is a great deal of evidence ________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A．indicate B．indicating C．to indicate
D．to be indicating
7．(湖南卷)Every evening after dinner，if not ______ from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired B．Tiring C．tired D．to be tired
8．(湖南卷)At the age of 29，Dave was a worker，_______ in a small apartment near Boston and _______ what to do about his future.
A．living；wondering B．lived；wondering C．lived；wondered D．living；wondered 9．(福建卷) ________ not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding B．Reminded C．To remind D．Having reminded
10．(陕西卷)I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A．to take B．to be taken C．taking D．being taken
课堂巩固练习：
1．Bluetooth is an internationally standardized technology ________ short distance
wireless communication.
A．supporting B．supported C．to support D．supports
2．All flights ________ because of the snowstorm，many passengers could do nothing but
take the train.
A．had been canceled B．have been canceled C．having been canceled D．being canceled 3．Studies show the electronic devices people have made much use of ________ music
may be causing hearing loss in many people. A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying D．enjoyed
4．—Have you ever heard of an American president called Chester Arthur?
—No，and he’s not mentioned in my history book at all. He seems ________.
A．to have been completely forgotten B．having completely forgotten
C．to have completely forgotten D．completely forgetting
5．More than 120 pro-Taleban militants and five Pakistani soldiers are said ________ during the fighting in the past week.
A．to die B．to be dying C．to be died D．to have died
6．When the spy gave the secret plan to Jane，she said that Tom was the person ________. A．to send B．for sending it C．to send it to D．for sending it to
7．Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan beforehand.
A．his being not able B．him not to be able C．his not being able D．him to be not able 8．________ the public schools with the private schools，the guidebook gives us a clear
idea about the differences between them. A．Having compared B．Compared C．To compare D．To be compared
9．Last Monday，a violent crime broke out in that country，________ 14 innocent people and with more than 200 ________. A．killed；injured B．killing；injured C．killed；injuring D．killing；injuring 10．“I won’t have it ________ that we are responsible for M r. Wang’s death. It’s unfair！” the director told the reporters. A．said B．saying C．to say D．says
11．________ that her mother would come back soon，the girl calmed down.
A．Having convinced B．Being convinced C．Convincing D．Convinced 12．Hillary Clinton arrived in Beijing yesterday, ________ the start of her short visit
to China. A．marked B．having marked C．marking D．to mark
13．Such a chance，once ________，might never come again.
A．losing B．being lost C．lost D．to be lost
14．I’d rather have a house of my own than ________ one with someone else，no matter how small it is.
A．to share B．sharing C．share D．have shared
15．________ by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.
A．Driven B．Being driven C．To drive
D．Having driven
16．—What’s the matter with Tim?
—Oh. His electronic dictionary was left in a taxi accidentally，never ________ again. A．to find B．to be found C．finding D．being found
17．We rushed to the football court，only to see a sign ________ into the ground reading PERIODIC MAINTENANCE (定期维修)．A．knocked B．knocking C．to be knocked D．being knocked
18．Henry can’t attend the party ________ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing tomor row’s presentation.
A．hold B．to hold C．to be held D．being held
19．Try ________ the green button to see if the machine will start.
A．press B．to press C．pressing
D．to have pressed
20．________ with the threat of water shortages，Beijing and Shanghai are taking effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
A．Face B．Faced C．Facing D．To face
经典范文背诵
作文题目：
(2010·高考全国卷Ⅱ)假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter曾
表示希望来中国教书。

你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告
知招聘信息。

内容主要包括：
1．教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等；
2．授课对象：高中生(至少三年英语基础)；
3．工作量：每周12学时，任选三门课；担任学生英语俱乐部或
英语校报顾问(advisor)。

注意：
1．字数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。

************************
Dear Peter，
I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in
China.___________________________________ ___________
________________________________________ __________
Best，
Li Hua
经典范文：
Dear Peter，
I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Our school now is looking for a native speaker to teach some courses to
senior high students. If you come, you can choose three of the following
four courses: Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today,
and teach 12 hours a week. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences. Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students’ English club
or our school’s English newspaper.
Please let me know if you are interested and if
you have any other
questions. I’d be more than happy to help.
Best，
Li Hua。