烟杆鸡粪堆肥发酵生物菌肥工艺研究
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烟杆鸡粪堆肥发酵生物菌肥工艺研究
摘要烟杆、鸡粪湿料按1∶1(w/w)混匀,添加1.0%(w/w)生防菌哈茨木霉菌剂ACCC3028、耐热芽孢杆菌Lys-768、高温蛋白酶产生菌Lys-068的5组组合菌剂,实现烟杆鸡粪堆肥腐熟。
结果表明:处理组在18~21 d实现烟杆鸡粪充分腐熟,其酸碱度、有机质含量、全氮、全磷、全钾等含量均达到行业标准NY525-2011。
其中,组合菌剂E(100 g哈茨木霉,200 g耐热芽孢杆菌,200 g高温蛋白酶产生菌)添加量1.0%(w/w)时,发酵效果最佳,最高温度达68 ℃,发酵周期18 d,对比自然发酵,其发酵周期大大缩短。
腐熟充分的烟杆鸡粪堆肥经风干至含水量为13%~15%,复配水稻纹枯病拮抗菌Lys-067芽孢菌剂,可制成水稻纹枯病拮抗菌Lys-067含量达2亿cfu/g的水稻病害专用生防菌肥。
Abstract 5 groups of composite inoculants,containing 1.0%(w/w)of Trichoderm harzianum tACCC,heat-resistant bacillus Lys-768 and high temperature-resistant protease producing strain Lys-068 in total,were added to wet materials of tobacco stems and chicken manure blending with ratio of 1∶1(w/w)for composting fermentation.The results showed that all of treatment groups of tobacco stems and chicken manure were rotten fully during 18~21 days.The physical and chemical index,such as pH value,content of organic matter,content of total nitrogen,content of total phosphorus,content of total potassium met the industry standards of NY525-2011.The optimal combination of inoculants were treatment E(Trichoderm harzianum 100 g,heat-resistant bacillus Lys-768 200 g and high temperature-resistant protease producing strain Lys-068 200 g)which indicated that maximum temperature 68 ℃,and fermentation period 18 d.The fermentation period was greatly shorten comparing to the control(CK).After Rotten at length,the tobacco stems and chicken manure submit to air dry till water content 13%~15%.Later,compound with anti-rice sheath blight strain Lys-067,Bio-bacterial manure was finally made containing anti-rice sheath blight Lys-067 2×108 cfu/g.
Key words tobacco stems;chicken manure;bio-bacterial manure;compost fermentation
中国烟草种植面积及产量均居世界之首,2009年以来,我国烤烟种植面积达112.3万hm2,烟叶产量逾230万t[1]。
废弃的烟杆重量几乎与烟草的重量相当,大量烟杆被焚烧或丢弃[2]。
规模化、集约化养殖以来,我国每年产鲜鸡粪8 400万t,只有少量作为农家肥使用,而大量粪便尚无有效的处理技术和方法,对环境的污染非常严重[3]。
长沙市宁乡县是湖南省水田烤烟典型种植区,适宜烟叶栽培的面积有4.13万hm2,2012年宁乡县种植烟叶6 753.33 hm2;宁乡县也是湖南省畜禽养殖大县,2012年出栏肉猪241.69万头,出笼家禽4 122.55万羽。
据此,宁乡年产猪粪60万t、鸡粪16万t、烟杆5.2万t[4]。
如果利用现代生物菌肥生产技术对这些废弃物加以处理,将有效杜绝环境污染现象,改善周边居民的生活环境。
该文以宁乡养殖场禽畜粪便和烤烟秸秆为基料,探索了烟杆鸡粪堆肥发酵工艺,为制备出水稻病害专用生防菌肥、提升水稻品质、增产增收、
实现水稻可持续发展提供了参考数据。