马克思主义【英文】
《马克思主义基本原理》的英文
《马克思主义基本原理》的英文Marxism is a comprehensive socioeconomic, political, and philosophical system developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. It is a critique of capitalism and a vision for a socialist and communist society. The fundamental principles of Marxism are the analysis of the capitalist mode of production, the class struggle, and the eventual establishment of a classless, communist society.One of the core tenets of Marxism is the labor theory of value. This theory states that the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of socially necessary labor time required to produce it. In other words, the value of a product is not determined by its utility or scarcity, but by the amount of labor that has been expended in its production. This leads to the concept of surplus value, which is the difference between the value created by the worker and the wage they receive.According to Marxism, the capitalist system is inherently exploitative because the capitalist class, or bourgeoisie, appropriates the surplus value created by the working class, or proletariat. The proletariat is forced to sell their labor power to the bourgeoisie in order to survive,and the bourgeoisie uses this labor to generate profits. This creates a fundamental conflict of interests between the two classes, which is known as the class struggle.Marxism argues that the class struggle is the driving force of historical change. The proletariat, being the majority of the population and the producers of wealth, will eventually rise up and overthrow the capitalist system, seizing the means of production and establishing a socialist or communist society. In this new society, the means of production will be owned collectively by the workers, and the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie will be eliminated.Another key concept in Marxism is the historical materialist view of society. This holds that the material conditions of production, such as the level of technological development and the organization of labor, are the primary determinants of the social, political, and cultural superstructure of a society. The economic base, or mode of production, shapes the political, legal, and ideological institutions that govern a society.Marxism also emphasizes the dialectical nature of social change. This means that the contradictions and conflicts within a society, such as the class struggle, are the driving forces of historical development. The resolution of these contradictions through revolutionary changeleads to the emergence of a new social order.The influence of Marxism has been widespread and profound, shaping the political and economic systems of many countries throughout the 20th century. The ideas of Marx and Engels have been interpreted and applied in various ways, leading to the development of different strains of Marxism, such as Leninism, Stalinism, and Maoism.Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and the decline of communist regimes in the late 20th century, Marxism continues to be a significant force in political and intellectual discourse. Its analysis of the inherent contradictions of capitalism and its vision of a more equitable and just social order continue to resonate with many people around the world.In conclusion, Marxism is a complex and multifaceted system of thought that has had a profound impact on the course of history. Its core principles of the labor theory of value, the class struggle, and the historical materialist view of society continue to be the subject of ongoing debate and discussion. As the world grapples with the challenges of inequality, exploitation, and environmental degradation, the ideas of Marx and Engels remain relevant and compelling.。
(完整版)马克思主义英语专业词汇
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想Marxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory,Jiang Zemin"Three Represe nt's"important Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.(rejuvenate使充满活力,使复原,使再生)党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory,line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party.党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(second\third)generation.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system.综合国力aggregate(adj.共计的)national strength.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP).独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China.加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building,continuously enhance the creativity,rallying(集合,召集)power and combat capability of the Party,and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
马克思主义理论
马克思主义,英文是Marxism,是马克思主义理论体系的简称,是关于全世界无产阶级和全人类彻底解放的学说。
它由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三大部分组成,是马克思、恩格斯在批判地继承和吸收人类关于自然科学、思维科学、社会科学优秀成果的基础上于19世纪40年代创立的,并在实践中不断地丰富、发展和完善的无产阶级思想的科学体系。
马克思主义这一概念早在马克思在世时就已经使用。
从狭义上说,马克思主义即马克思恩格斯创立的基本理论、基本观点和学说的体系。
至于为什么以马克思的名字命名这一理论,恩格斯在1886年曾经作了说明。
他说:“我不能否认,我和马克思共同工作40年,在这以前和这个期间,我在一定程度上独立地参加了这一理论的创立,特别是对这一理论的阐发。
但是,绝大部分基本指导思想(特别是在经济和历史领域内),尤其是对这些指导思想的最后的明确的表述,都是属于马克思的。
我所提供的,马克思没有我也能够做到,至多有几个专门的领域除外。
至于马克思所做到的,我却做不到。
马克思比我们大家都站得高些,看的远些,观察得多些和快些。
马克思是天才,我们至多是能手。
没有马克思,我们的理论远不会是现在这个样子。
所以,这个理论用他的名字命名是理所当然的。
”从广义上说,马克思主义不仅指马克思恩格斯创立的基本原理论、基本观点论和学说体系,也包括继承者对它的发展,及在实践中不断的发展着的马克思主义。
(完整版)马克思主义相关英语表达
马克思主义的学习和研究1 实践:practice2 全球化:globalization3 生产:production4 社会主义:Socialism5 马克思主义:Marxism6 历史:history7 趋势:trend8 马克思:Marx9 自由:freedom10 特征:characteristic11 时间:time12 经济学:economics13 资本:capital14 范式:paradigm15 类:class16 资本主义:capitalism17 自我:self18 革命:revolution19 存在主义:existentialism20 批判:criticism21 大众化:popularization22 形而上学:metaphysics23 存在:existence24 列宁:Lenin25 结合:Combination26 黑格尔:Hegel27 幸福:happiness28 超越:transcendence29 本质:nature30 交往:communication31 符号:sign32 恩格斯:Engels33 利益:benefit34 哈贝马斯:Habermas35 未来:future36 必然性:inevitability37 解释学:hermeneutics38 共产主义:communism39 主体间性:Inter-subjectivity40 解构主义:deconstruction41 抽象:Abstract42 社会性:sociality 43 交换:exchange44 引导:Guide45 共同体:Community46 复合:compound47 选举:election48 非理性:irrationality49 原子:atom50 阶级:class51 辩证法:dialectic52 现实性:reality53 财富:wealth54 中国化:Sinicization55 真:Truth56 官僚制:Bureaucracy57 法院:court58 斯大林:Stalin59 唯物主义:materialism60 二元论:dualism61 存在论:Ontology62 意蕴:Implication63 相互关系:relationship64 哈耶克:Hayek65 研究综述:review66 解放:liberation67 实践性:practice68 紧迫性:urgency69 物质:material70 表现形式:manifestation71 社群主义:communitarianism72 生态文明:eco-civilization73 人:person74 后现代性:post-modernity75 成熟:ripening76 费尔巴哈:Feuerbach77 无为:inaction78 帝国主义:imperialism79 弗洛姆:Fromm80 深化:deepen81 善:goodness82 目的论:teleology83 新陈代谢:metabolism84 《圣经》:Bible85 无政府主义:Anarchism86 上层建筑:superstructure87 葛兰西:Gramsci88 决定论:determinism89 时机:opportunity90 总体性:totality91 个体主义:individualism92 鸦片:Opium93 中介:intermediary94 考评:Evaluation95 整体性:integration96 机器:machine97 重商主义:mercantilism98 詹姆逊:Jameson99 后马克思主义:post-Marxism 100 在场:presence101 观点:viewpoint102 大同:Datong103 批判性:Criticism104 自然界:nature105 商榷:discuss106 伦理思想:ethics107 人本思想:humanism108 飞跃:leap109 人学:humanism110 诺齐克:Nozick111 缺席:absence112 殖民地:Colony113 唯物论:Materialism114 商品:merchandise115 无产阶级:proletariat116 扬弃:sublate117 合理:rationality118 对象化:objectification119 政体:regime120 价值性:Value121 萌芽:germination122 禁欲主义:asceticism123 可能:possibility124 可能性:probability125 生存:exist 126 历史性:historic127 对策与措施:countermeasures128 立场:position129 物质性:Materiality130 神话学:mythology131 大纲:outline132 民生:livelihood133 奢侈:Luxury134 资本论:Capital135 手稿:Manuscript136 鲍德里亚:Baudrillard137 怀疑论:scepticism138 运动性:motility139 例证:example140 简单化:simplification141 客观性:objective142 资产阶级:bourgeois143 奠基:foundation144 物质主义:materialism145 家务劳动:housework146 依赖:Dependency147 灌输:indoctrination148 普罗米修斯:Prometheus 149 基石:foundation150 生产过剩:Overproduction 151 实践论:practice152 领导权:hegemony153 论析:Analysis154 氏族:clan155 身体美学:Somaesthetics 156 反作用:reaction157 相异性:difference158 革命性:revolutionary 159 熊彼特:Schumpeter160 拜物教:fetishism161 弘扬:development162 自我批判:self-criticism 163 自由观:freedom164 一夫一妻制:monogamy165 提纲:outline166 生存论:Existence167 伊壁鸠鲁:Epicurus255 自我观:self-concept212 会通:integration213 世界性:Globalization214 人本论:humanism215 通俗化:popularize216 奥尔曼:Ollman217 没有:meiyou218 生态马克思主义:Eco-Marxism 219 抽象性:abstractive220 革命家:revolutionist221 当代性:Contemporaneity222 辩证性:dialectic223 直观:Objective224 实然:being225 弗雷泽:Frazer226 维护性:maintainability227 矛盾关系:Contradiction228 思想体系:ideology229 自由人:libero230 对象性:objective231 自我确证:self-confirmation 232 相通性:similarity233 资本主义制度:capitalism 234 重农主义:physiocracy235 历史化:historicalization 236 觉悟:consciousness237 商品生产:commodity238 经典著作:classics239 总论:Pandect240 调节控制:control241 无限性:limitlessness242 征服:Conquering243 对立论:Opposition244 发展前途:Perspective245 思想政治教育方法:method 246 现代性问题:modernity247 后SSK:post-SSK248 时代化:modernization249 历史源流:origin250 产生根源:roots251 克拉克:Clark252 禁欲:abstinency253 赫勒:Heller254 方法论特征:methodology255 自我观:self-concept168 消灭:Elimination169 复归:revert170 生成性:generative171 人本学:humanism172 民本:people-oriented173 人本观:humanism174 新发展:development175 匮乏:lack176 《手稿》:Manuscript177 自我纠错:self-correction 178 伯林:Berlin179 能力本位:ability-based 180 接合:Joint181 虚假性:Falsity182 教条主义:doctrinairism 183 贫困问题:Poverty184 幽灵:ghost185 价值论:values186 环境主义:environmentalism 187 现实:realism188 高兹:Gorz189 向度:orientation190 思想家:thinkers191 匿名化:anonymization192 欧洲中心论:Euro-centrism 193 否定性:negation194 先验性:apriority195 伯恩施坦:Bernstein196 物象化:Reification197 争鸣:discussion198 前途:prospect199 享乐主义:gastronomy200 劳动:working201 必然:necessary202 唯心主义:mentalism203 共和:Gonghe204 唯物:materialism205 生态主义:ecologicalism 206 思辨:thought207 异化现象:alienation208 进步性:advancement209 实证论:positivism210 视阈:vision211 平等观:equality 212 会通:integration213 世界性:Globalization214 人本论:humanism215 通俗化:popularize216 奥尔曼:Ollman217 没有:meiyou218 生态马克思主义:Eco-Marxism 219 抽象性:abstractive220 革命家:revolutionist221 当代性:Contemporaneity222 辩证性:dialectic223 直观:Objective224 实然:being225 弗雷泽:Frazer226 维护性:maintainability227 矛盾关系:Contradiction228 思想体系:ideology229 自由人:libero230 对象性:objective231 自我确证:self-confirmation 232 相通性:similarity233 资本主义制度:capitalism 234 重农主义:physiocracy235 历史化:historicalization 236 觉悟:consciousness237 商品生产:commodity238 经典著作:classics239 总论:Pandect240 调节控制:control241 无限性:limitlessness242 征服:Conquering243 对立论:Opposition244 发展前途:Perspective245 思想政治教育方法:method 246 现代性问题:modernity247 后SSK:post-SSK248 时代化:modernization249 历史源流:origin250 产生根源:roots251 克拉克:Clark252 禁欲:abstinency253 赫勒:Heller254 方法论特征:methodology255 自我观:self-concept256 文本学:Textology257 统摄:govern258 蒲鲁东:Proudhon259 理性思想:rationalism260 胡萨米:Husami261 马克思主义学说:Marxism262 后殖民主义批评:Post-colonialism263 自我所有:Self-Ownership264 G.A.柯亨:G.A.Cohen265 警惕:guard266 呵护:care267 错误倾向:fault-prone268 图景:Vision269 具体规定性:specific-based270 多维阐释:releases271 重新解读:re-interpret272 马克思主义真理观:Marxism273 马克思学:Marxology274 吕贝尔:Rubel275 奈格里:Negri276 前提假设:Presumption277 信仰学:beliefology278 一体化学科:unidiscipline279 伍德:Wood280 共时-历时:synchronic-diachronic281 欧洲社会:Europe282 意识形态领域:ideology283 杜林:Duhring284 马克思主义女权主义:Marxist-Feminism 285 超自然主义:supernaturalism286 反杜林论:Anti-Duhring287 俄国化:Russianize288 麦克莱伦:McLellan289 传统化:traditionalized290 始祖:forefather291 李秀林:Lixiulin292 自然-社会:nature–society293 伪自由:pseudo-freedom 列宁主义的学习及研究1 社会主义:Socialism2 启示:Inspiration3 真理:truth4 列宁:Lenin5 解释学:hermeneutics6 辩证法:dialectic7 斯大林:Stalin8 妥协:compromise9 帝国主义:imperialism10 葛兰西:Gramsci11 时机:opportunity12 国有化:nationalization13 官僚主义:bureaucracy14 列宁主义:Leninism15 政权:regime16 修正主义:Revisionism17 普列汉诺夫:Plekhanov18 灌输:indoctrination19 公开性:publicity20 伯恩施坦:Bernstein21 进步性:advancement22 新帝国主义:neo-imperialism23 民粹派:populists24 灌输思想:indoctrinization毛泽东思想的学习和研究1 发展:development2 社会主义:Socialism3 马克思主义:Marxism4 改革:reformation5 改造:transformation6 继承:inheritance7 革命:revolution8 大众化:popularization9 列宁:Lenin10 版本:edition11 探索:explore12 思想:ideology13 实质:essence14 个人:individual15 经验:experiences16 理想主义:idealism17 成功:success18 创造:create19 经验主义:Empiricism20 评析:analysis21 财富:wealth22 中国化:Sinicization23 诗词:poetry24 斯大林:Stalin25 误解:misunderstanding26 纬度:Latitude27 高技术:high-tech28 修改:modification29 超验主义:Transcendentalism30 两极分化:polarization31 民粹主义:populism32 特质:characteristics33 特权:privilege34 继承性:inheritance35 哲学思想:philosophy36 独立自主:Independence37 方位:azimuth38 个体性:individuality39 批判性:Criticism40 伦理思想:ethics41 方针:policy42 探析:study 43 官僚主义:bureaucracy44 贫穷:poverty45 废除:abolish46 精髓:quintessence47 用法:use48 民生:livelihood49 气:gas50 德:De51 主动权:Initiative52 坚持:Persistence53 资产阶级:bourgeois54 奠基:foundation55 评介:comment56 打击:Strike57 领土:territory58 实践论:practice59 戈尔巴乔夫:Gorbachev60 奠基人:founder61 开拓创新:innovation62 再认识:Review63 革命性:revolutionary64 校训:motto65 志:will66 发扬:development67 救世:salvation68 宗旨:tenet69 丰碑:monument70 两难选择:dilemma71 群体性:group72 精神特质:Ethos73 课堂导入:lead-in74 本质论:essentialism75 精神气质:ethos76 合作化:cooperative77 教条主义:doctrinairism78 破折号:dash79 史华慈:Schwartz80 述论:review81 立足点:stand82 调动:Mobilize83 学问:knowledge84 通变:change邓小平的学习及研究85 侧重点:emphasis 1 发展:development86 反官僚主义:anti-bureaucracy 2 改革:reformation87 整体化:integrated 3 改造:transformation88 再解读:reinterpretation 4 继承:inheritance89 墨家思想:Mohism 5 探索:explore90 揭示:disclosure 6 思想:ideology91 纪念活动:Commemoration7 实质:essence92 反对:opposition8 评析:analysis93 整顿:rectifying9 两极分化:polarization94 矛盾论:contradiction10 特质:characteristics95 反腐防腐:anti-corruption11 特权:privilege96 拒腐防变:anti-corruption12 继承性:inheritance97 发言权:floor13 方位:azimuth98 马克思主义者:Marxian14 批判性:Criticism99 识:taste15 伦理思想:ethics100 歧异:Difference16 探析:study101 超前性:precedence17 贫穷:poverty102 治学:learning18 废除:abolish103 成长成才:development19 精髓:quintessence104 有利:benefit20 民生:livelihood105 开创者:initiator21 坚持:Persistence106 静:calmness22 打击:Strike107 稳定思想:stability23 戈尔巴乔夫:Gorbachev108 斗:bucket24 开拓创新:innovation109 科学技术政策:Japan25 发扬:development110 田家英:Tian-jiaying26 精神特质:Ethos111 有理:Unreasonable27 精神气质:ethos112 地缘外交:geo-diplomacy28 调动:Mobilize113 和谐主义:Harmoniousism29 学问:knowledge114 毛泽东主义:Maozedongism30 侧重点:emphasis115 迈斯纳:Meisner31 反官僚主义:anti-bureaucracy 116 动:still32 再解读:reinterpretation117 知识分子观:Intellctual-opinion33 揭示:disclosure118 肃清:housecleaning34 反对:opposition119 睦邻安邦:good-neighbour35 整顿:rectifying120 革命军人:soldiers36 开创者:initiator121 奇杰:sage37 稳定思想:stability38 知识分子观:Intellctual-opinion39 肃清:housecleaning40 睦邻安邦:good-neighbour。
各学科专业英文名称大全
各学科专业英文名称大全哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学) Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education inIdeology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied Mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering 电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计) Urban Planning and Design (includingLandscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and AirConditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering andProtective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and AmmunitionEngineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and EnergyEngineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering 农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and ReproductionScience动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等) The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and DesertificationCombating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学) Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism,Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, BurnSurgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western IntegrativeMedicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学) Armed Service Operation (including Operationof Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (including MilitaryPhysical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment 军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学) Corporate Management(including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management) 旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management 农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science机械工程 Mechanical Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器仪表工程 Instrument and Meter Engineering材料工程 Material Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgy Engineering动力工程 Power Engineering电气工程 Electrical Engineering电子与通信工程 Electrical and Communication Engineering控制工程 Control Engineering计算机技术 Computer Technology软件工程 Software Engineering建筑与土木工程 Architectural and Civil Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering测绘工程 Surveying and Mapping Engineering化学工程 Chemical Engineering地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mining Engineering石油与天然气工程 Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering轻工技术与工程 Light Industry Technology and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Shipbuilding and Oceanography Engineering兵器工程 Arms Engineering核能与核技术工程 Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Technology农业工程 Agricultural Engineering林业工程 Forestry Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品工程 Foodstuff Engineering航空工程 Aeronautical Engineering航天工程 Aerospace Engineering车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering制药工程 Pharmaceutical Engineering工业工程 Industrial Engineering工业设计工程 Industrial Design Engineering生物工程 Biotechnology Engineering项目管理 Project Management物流工程 Logistics Engineering工商管理硕士 Master of Business Administration。
0305马克思主义理论一级学科简介
0305马克思主义理论一级学科简介一级学科(中文)名称:马克思主义理论(英文)名称: Theory of Marxism一、学科概况马克思主义是科学的世界观和方法论,是反映客观世界特别是人类社会本质和发展规律的科学,是关于无产阶级和人类解放的学说。
对马克思主义既应该从哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义等方面进行分门别类的研究,更应该进行整体性研究,以利于完整地把握它的科学思想体系。
“马克思主义理论”学科,就是对马克思主义进行整体性研究的一级学科,它与“哲学”一级学科下的“马克思主义哲学”研究方向、“理论经济学”一级学科下的“政治经济学”研究方向、政治学一级学科下的“科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动”、“中共党史(含党的建设)”研究方向等一道,构成了马克思主义学科系统。
马克思主义理论一级学科是2005年增设的,归属于法学门类,目前下设马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、国外马克思主义研究、思想政治教育、中国近现代史基本问题研究等6个研究方向。
二、学科内涵马克思主义理论学科注重马克思主义理论的整体性,旨在研究马克思主义基本理论及其教育教学的实践和规律,其根本研究方法是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义,在研究中强调理论与实践、逻辑与历史、继承与创新、科学性与意识形态性的辩证统一,坚持马克思主义优良学风、科学精神和科学方法,不断增强马克思主义学术创造力,形成体现马克思主义立场、观点、方法的话语体系,促进马克思主义的当代发展,努力提升马克思主义理论学科的国际影响力。
马克思主义理论学科适应时代和实践发展的需求,担负着马克思主义理论人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新的任务,同时为高校思想政治理论课教育教学提供学理支撑。
马克思主义理论学科建设和发展,遵循学科建设的一般规律、马克思主义理论发展的规律和思想政治理论课教育教学的规律;注重马克思主义理论的整体性,加强马克思主义各个主要组成部分之间内在关系的研究和把握,加强马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系内在关系的研究和把握,努力提高学科质量和水平。
(完整版)马克思主义英语专业词汇(2)
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想Marxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory,Jiang Zemin"Three Represe nt's"important Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.(rejuvenate使充满活力,使复原,使再生)党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory,line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party.党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(second\third)generation.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system.综合国力aggregate(adj.共计的)national strength.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP).独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China.加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building,continuously enhance the creativity,rallying(集合,召集)power and combat capability of the Party,and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
马克思主义最崇高的社会理想
马克思主义最崇高的社会理想马克思主义最崇高的社会理想是实现共产主义马克思主义,英文是Marxism,是马克思主义理论体系的简称,是关于全世界无产阶级和全人类彻底解放的学说。
它由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三大部分组成,是马克思、恩格斯在批判地继承和吸收人类关于自然科学、思维科学、社会科学优秀成果的基础上于19世纪40年代创立的,并在实践中不断地丰富、发展和完善的无产阶级思想的科学体系。
马克思主义理论体系覆盖了马克思本人关于未来社会形态——科学社会主义的全部观点和全部学说。
马克思主义理论体系包含两个组成部分,即为现代唯物主义和现代科学社会主义。
马克思主义理论体系中的科学社会主义理论,包含两部分内容,科学社会主义革命理论(即政权理论部分),科学社会主义政治经济学原理。
科学社会主义政治经济学原理,包含两部分内容:第一部分内容,科学社会主义商品经济结构设计;第二部分内容,科学社会主义商品经济运行原理设计。
马克思主义是人类优秀文化遗产的产物。
它主要是批判地继承德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和英、法国空想社会主义而创立的崭新的无产阶级思想的科学体系。
马克思、恩格斯在1841年以前曾经接受黑格尔唯心主义哲学,从1841年下半年起转向L.A.费尔巴哈的唯物主义。
他们吸取G.W.F.黑格尔哲学中辩证法的合理内核而摈弃其唯心主义,吸取费尔巴哈哲学中唯物主义而摈弃其形而上学和社会历史问题上的唯心观点,创立了辩证唯物主义哲学。
哲学观念马克思主义哲学是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的统称,其前身是德国古典哲学。
辩证唯物主义认为:世界的统一性在于它的物质性,物质是世界所发生的一切变化的基础。
运动是物质的存在形式,物质的运动是绝对的,静止是相对的。
物质不是精神的产物,精神只是运动着的物质的最高形式。
社会存在决定人们的意识,人们能够认识并正确运用客观规律。
辩证法的规律是从自然界和人类社会的历史中抽引出来的,实质上可以归结为以下3个规律:从量转化为质和质转化为量的规律;对立的相互渗透的规律;否定之否定规律。
(完整版)马克思主义英语专业词汇
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想 Marxism—Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao —ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent’s” important Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation。
建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics。
中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. (rejuvenate 使充满活力,使复原,使再生)党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of soc ialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside. 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Part y of China。
马克思主义政党Marxist political Party。
党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second \third)generation。
(完整版)马克思主义英语专业词汇
(完整版)马克思主义英语专业词汇马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、三个代表重要思想Marxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory,Jiang Zemin"Three Represe nt's"important Thought.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure.社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.(rejuvenate使充满活力,使复原,使再生)党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory,line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party.党的第一(第二、第三)代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first(second\third)generation.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system.综合国力aggregate(adj.共计的)national strength.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP).独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamentalprinciples of Marxism with the specific situation in China.加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building,continuously enhance the creativity,rallying(集合,召集)power and combat capability of the Party,and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的前进方向,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,是我们党始终站在时代前列,保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
marxism马克思主义英文解读
Contacting view
?We should not only see the connection between things but also see the connection inside the things.
Negative view
?Set up the innovation consciousness, not only refer to authority or books, only reality.
?不唯上不唯书只唯实
Social being: natural geography environment, population factures, mode of production. Social consciousness: theories, laws, arts, science and so on .
2 Values have a guiding role.
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Marxism
GROUP 1
Worldviews
worldviews
Dialectical materialism 辩证唯物主义
Historical materialism 历史唯物主义
Dialectical materialism
1 The material determines consciousness.
Methodology( 方法论)
Dialectics (辩证法 )
? Solve the problem with contacting view.
? Solve the problem with developing view.
哲学专业英语词汇
哲学专业英语(the course of philosophical English)西方哲学专业词汇Western philosophy西方哲学Ancient Greek-Roman philosophy古希腊罗马哲学Hellenistic philosophy希腊化哲学Medieval philosophy中世纪哲学Renaissance philosophy文艺复兴哲学Modern western philosophy西方近代哲学Contemporary western philosophy西方现代哲学Jewish philosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 艺术哲学Philosophy of artMetaphysics形而上学Epistemology认识论/知识论Methodology方法论ontology本体论Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论Theory of value/axiology价值论Monism一元论Dualism二元论Pluralism多元论Cognosciblism可知论Agnosticism不可知论Materialism唯物主义Irrationalism非理性主义abstract/concrete抽象/具体Idealism唯心主义Objective /Subjective idealism客/主观唯心主义Scepticism怀疑主义Substance实体macrocosm大宇宙microcosm小宇宙Sensibility/understanding/ reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神论Antitheism 无神论Deism自然神论pantheism泛神论Dialectical materialism辩证唯物主义Historical materialism历史唯物主义Law of identity同一律Law of contradiction排中律Law of excluded middle排中律teleology目的论mechanism机械论dialectics辩证法consciousness意识spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality现实,实在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主义Spiritualism唯灵论form形式existence存在appearance现象essence本质prime matter原初质料motion运动Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性time and space时间与空间Past-present-future过去/现在/未来cause and effect原因与结果subject and object主体与客体occasionalism偶因论Ockham’s razor奥康剃刀subjectivity主体性Necessity and contingency必然性与偶然性Universals and individuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别relative and absolute相对与绝对intuition直觉idea观念thought思维perception知觉subsistence潜在knowledge知识opinion意见Nature自然Actuality/reality现实Reality实在Necessity and freedom必然与自由Beginning/first principle/arche(希)本原,始基archetype原型illusion幻象image形像,影像ideology意识形态doctrine of correspondence符合说mind-body problem身心问题representative theory of idea表象说finite and infinite有限与无限humanism人道主义,人文主义Natural theology自然神学substratum基质The infinite/boundless/apeiron无定/无限pneuma普纽玛being存在non-being非存在logos逻各斯mind/nous努斯psyche/pneuma普纽玛atom原子void虚空element元素four roots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection两分法flying arrow is at rest飞矢不动stadium运动场becoming生成doctrine of effluence流射说Eristic/elenchus论辩术,诡辩术art of midwifery/maieutic method助产术/接生术irony讥讽Virtue is knowledge美德即知识world of idea理念世界Infinite regress argument无穷后退证明Simile of the cave洞穴喻Simile of the line线段喻Simile of the sun太阳喻sense world感性世界,感官世界harmony和谐theory of Participation(sharing)分有说theory of Imitation模仿说copy摹本archetype模型,原型paradigm范式model of universal宇宙模型,世界模型soul of universal宇宙灵魂,世界灵魂Philosopher-king哲学王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义(four cardinal virtue四主德)Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠,创造者Genus种primary/secondary substance第一、二实体form and matter形式与质料accident偶性potentiality and actuality潜能与现实four causes 四因material cause质料因formal cause形式因efficient cause动力因final cause目的因ether以太Actuality现实/entelechy隐德莱希(完全实现)Good/highest good善/至善Category范畴Peripatetics漫步学派active reason/active intellect主动理性/主动理智mean中道,中庸wisdom智慧Practical wisdom实践智慧intellectual virtue理智德性the liar说谎者argument of the measure of grain谷堆论证argument of the baldhead秃头论证argument of the veiled figure隐藏者论证logos of the universe宇宙理性one太一What-it-is 是什么the third man argument第三者论证Theory of recollection回忆说epoche悬搁判断==judgement of suspensionataraxy静观doctrine of emanation流溢说anthropomorphism神人同形同性论=拟人观pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义transmigration of souls灵魂轮回转世说atomism原子论Mode of cyclical reasoning循环论证Good being nature善即自然sensation was due to action between the unlikes异类相知说doctrine of like knows like同类相知说doctrine of seeds种子说Doctrine of love and strife爱恨说doctrine of image影像说cynicism犬儒主义platonism柏拉图主义theory of idea理念论doctrine of the communion of genera通种论aristotelianism亚里士多德主义syllogism三段论Unmoved mover不动的动者==prime mover purification净化说induction归纳法pyrrhonism皮浪主义Epicureanism伊壁鸠鲁主义canonic准则学Ionian school伊奥尼亚学派Milesian school米利都学派Ephsian school爱菲斯学派Heraclitean school赫拉克利特学派Pythagoreans 毕达哥拉斯学派Eleatic school爱利亚学派privation缺失,匮乏Presocratics前苏格拉底学派Cynics犬儒学派Cyrenaics昔兰尼学派megarian school麦加拉派sophists智者Minor socratics小苏格拉底学派academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园academics学园派peripatetics漫步学派stoics画廊学派/斯多亚学派Epicurean school伊壁鸠鲁学派Christianity基督教Christian philosophy基督教哲学Judaism犹太教Trinity三位一体heresy异端Polytheism多神论eschatology末世论Church fathers教父Providence天意,天命Kingdom of God上帝之国theology神学negative theology否定神学Positive theology肯定神学Patristic philosophy/ Patristics教父哲学/教父学scholasticism经院哲学revealed religion天启宗教,启示宗教Trinity三位一体incarnation道成肉身faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱doctrine of redemption救赎论grace神恩,神惠,恩宠omnipotence全能omniscience全知omnipresence全在Argument a posteriori先天证明Argument a priori后天证明fideism信仰主义(僧侣主义)hylozoism物活论Original sin 原罪Justification by faith因信称义Ockham’s razor奥卡姆剃刀nominalism唯名论(extreme/moderate)realism唯实论(extreme/moderate )Augustinism奥古斯丁主义ontological argument本体论证明cosmological argument宇宙论证明teleological argument目的论证明Moral argument道德论证明Supreme good argument至善性证明Faith hope and charity信望爱doctrine of double-truth双重真理论Divine illumination神的光照Theological fatalism神学预定论Thomism托马斯主义Averroism阿威洛伊主义Scotism司各脱主义Rationalism唯理论(materialistic/idealistic )Empiricism经验论(materialistic/idealistic)Social contract theory社会契约论Geographical determinism地理环境决定论Classical German philosophy德国古典哲学Apriorism先天论The reformation宗教改革运动Enlightenment启蒙运动French materialism法国唯物主义Encyclopaedists百科全书派conceptualism概念论Mechanistic materialism机械唯物论learned ignorance有学问的无知maximum极大minimum极小utopia乌托邦universal intellect普遍理智idols假相,偶像theory of four idols四假相说idols of the tribe种族假相idols of the cave洞穴假相idols of the market-place市场假相idols of the theatre剧场假相property and form性质与形式extension广延first principle第一原理Real/nominal essence实在/名义本质blank tablet白板causality因果性causation因果关系cause原因/effect结果experience经验dogma教条Material/Spiritual substance物质/精神实体thinking substance思想实体,思维实体Innate idea天赋观念adventitious ideas外来观念factitious ideas虚幻观念dualism of mind and matter心物二元论Animal sprits精气,元精,动物精神psycho-physical interactionism身心交感论pineal gland松果腺extensive substance广延实体the theory of social contrast社会契约论Association of idea观念的联结(休谟)Cartesianists笛卡儿主义者theory of substance实体论theory of attribute属性论theory of mode样式论(finite/infinite)psycho-physical parallelism心物平行论true idea真观念attribute属性Spinozism斯宾诺莎主义experience经验(external/internal)sensation and reflection感觉与反省abstraction抽象作用abstract idea抽象观念Simple/complex idea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义personal identity人格同一性contiguity接近性(休谟)Divine right of kings君权神授说school of continental Rationalism大陆理性派British empirists英国经验派Cambridge platonism 剑桥柏拉图主义Scottish school of common sense苏格兰常识学派Old Hegelians老年黑格尔派Young Hegelians青年黑格尔派Right Hegelians黑格尔右派Left Hegelians黑格尔左派Speculative philosophy 思辨哲学Three tables三表法Table of essence/presence本质表/具有表Table of absence of proximity接近中的缺乏表Table of degree/comparison程度表/比较表Relative/finite substance相对的或有限的实体Absolute/infinite substance绝对的或无限的实体Theory of corpuscles 微粒说Theory of vortex 漩涡说Cartesianism笛卡儿主义cosmotheism宇宙神论(斯宾诺莎)Infinite attribute无限的属性Theory of modes样态论Mode 样态,样式Sensation/reflection感觉/反省External/internal experience外部/内部经验Abstraction抽象作用Psychic force心力(莱布尼兹)Small perception微知觉Principle of continuity连续性原则Idea of substance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念real/fantastical ideas实在/幻想观念Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识primary/secondary/third quality第一/二/三性质real/nominal essence实在/名义本质innate human right天赋人权will of all全体意志monad单子monadology单子论cognition认知Complete notion完满性观念(莱布尼兹)Best of all possible world可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感——sentimentalismscience of human nature人性科学human nature/humanity人性Per-established harmony前定和谐pre-established harmony预定和谐truth of reason/fact理性真理与事实真理Divine reason 神圣理性theodicy神正论Order of possible coexistence and order of possibilities which cannot coexist可共存之物的秩序与不可共存之物的秩序existence is to be perceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论idea and notion观念与意念impression and ideas印象与观念resemblance类似关系contiguity in time and space接近关系causal relation因果关系determinism of geographical environment地理环境决定论Theory of the omnipotence of education教育万能论Apodictic/assertoric必然的/实然的(康德)Appearance现象(康德)manifold杂多Physico-theological argument自然神论证明critical philosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论copernican revolution哥白尼的革命pure reason纯粹理性antinomy二律背反thing-in-itself自在之物,物自体appearance现象practical reason实践理性good will善良意志schein幻相moral law道德律finality apart from an end无目的的合目的性Analytic-synthetic分析-综合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性category范畴command律令reflective judgement反思的判断力representation表象Schema图型/schematism图型论,图式论Metaphysical deduction形而上学演绎Metaphysical exposition形而上学阐明Metaphysics of morals道德性而上学Metaphysics of nature自然形而上学transcendental apperception先验统觉Analogies of experience经验的类推architectonic建筑术Autonomy自主性(康德)transcendental idealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义transcendental先验的transcendent超验的transcendental aesthetic先验感性论transcendental analytic先验分析论Transcendental deduction先验演绎Transcendental dialectic先验辩证论Transcendental illusion先验幻象Transcendental logic先验逻辑Transcendental ideal先验的理想Transcendental paralogism先验谬误推理Transcendental reflection先验反思A priori and synthetic judgement 先天综合判断taste鉴赏力Thing-for-itself为我之物A priori先天A posteriori后天A priori judgement先天判断A posteriori judgement 后天判断analytic judgement分析判断synthetical judgement综合判断Quantity of judgement/ category of Quantity判断的量与量的范畴Qualitaty of judgement/ category of Qualitaty判断的质与质的范畴Relation of judgement/ category of relation判断的关系与关系的范畴Mode of judgement/ category of mode 判断的样式与样式的范畴Anthropology 人本学Absolute religion绝对宗教Free spirit自由精神Objective spirit客观精神practical spirit实践精神theoretical spirit理论精神Subjective spirit主观精神Externalization外化objectification对象化Position肯定Negation否定sublation扬弃identical philosophy同一哲学in itself自我for itself自为absolute idea绝对理念absolute spirit 绝对精神philosophy of mind精神哲学subjective/objective spirit主/客观精神these-antithese-synthese正-反-合civil society市民社会alienation异化dialectic辩证法actuality现实Hegelianism黑格尔主义Young Hegellians 青年黑格尔派Natural theology自然神学(理性神学)absolute ego (费希特的)绝对自我animatism 物活论animism 泛灵论,万物有灵论anthropologism 人本主义the Apostles十二使徒asceticism 禁欲主义atomism 原子论,原子学说atonement 赎罪baptism (基督教)洗礼bourgeoisie 资产阶级causationism 因果论Christianity 基督教clherentism 贯通论The Decalogue摩西十戒deism 理神论;自然神论;自然神论(natural religion)Judgment Day 上帝的最后审判日,世界的末日Kant’s nebular hypothesis 康德的星云假说method of exclusion 排除法method of induction 归纳法nativism 先天论,天赋论sense perception 感性知觉sentience 感觉现象;原始感觉theory of reflection 反映论theory of relativity 相对论theory of representation 表象论On nature《论自然》Purification《净化篇》Sophists《智者篇》Phaedo《斐多篇》Parmenides《巴门尼德篇》Republic《国家篇》On the nature of things《物性论》Meditations《沉思集》Bible《圣经》The Apocalypse/Revelations《圣经》中的《启示录》Genesis (《圣经》)(《创世纪》)New-Testament 《新约全书》Confessions《忏悔录》Utopia《乌托邦》New organon《新工具》Advancement of learning《学术的进展》Human nature《论人性》Leviathan《利维坦》Two treatises of civil government《政府论》An essay concerning human understanding《人类理解论》A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge《人类知识原理》A treatise of human nature《人性论》An inquiry concerning human understanding 《人类理智研究》Dialogues concerning natural religion《自然宗教对话录》The natural history of religion 《宗教的自然史》Enquiries concerning the principles of morals《道德原理研究》Discourse on method《方法谈》Meditations on first philosophy《第一哲学沉思集》The principles of philosophy《哲学原理》Apology for learned ignorance《论有学问的无知》The principles of Descartes philosophy《笛卡尔哲学原理》Organon《工具论》Enneades《九章集》The ethics《伦理学》New essays on human understanding《人类理智新论》City of god 《上帝之城》Theological-political treatise《神学政治论》Essay on theodicy《神正论》On the improvement of understanding《知性改进论》Critique of pure reason《纯粹理性批判》Critique of practical reason 《实践理性批判》Critique of judgement《判断力批判》。
2023年最新的马克思主义著作经典语录集合5篇
2023年最新的马克思主义著作经典语录集合5篇马克思主义,英文是Marxism,是马克思主义理论体系的简称,是关于全世界无产阶级和全人类彻底解放的学说。
它由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三大部分组成?以下是小编为大家收集的马克思主义著作经典语录集合5篇,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
马克思主义著作经典语录1 1)万事开头难,每门科学都是如此。
2)一个人应该:活泼而守纪律,天真而不幼稚,勇敢而不鲁莽,倔强而有原则,热情而不冲动,乐观而不盲目。
3)一定的社关系归根结底是社会生产力发展的一定状况决定的。
4)实际上,没有一种社会形态能够阻止社会所支配的劳动时间以这处或那种方式调整生产。
5)如果人仅仅为自己劳动,也许他能够成为著名的学者,伟大的智者,卓越的诗人,但是他永远也不能成为真正完善和真正伟大的人。
6)生产劳动和教育的早期结合是改造现代社会的最强有力的手段之一。
7)资产阶级除非对生产工具,从而对生产关系,从而对全部社会关系不断地进行革命,否则就不能生存下去。
8)生活就像海洋,只有意志坚强的人,才能到达彼岸。
9)自暴自弃,这是一条永远腐蚀和啃噬着心灵的毒蛇,它吸走心灵的新鲜血液,并在其中注入厌世和绝望的毒汁。
10)无产阶级专政的首要条件就是无产阶级军队。
马克思主义著作经典语录2 《资本论》是马克思耗尽毕生心血的结晶。
《资本论》把高度的科学性和革命性统一在一起,是一部系统的、逻辑严密的经济学著作。
它批判地继承了资产阶级古典政治经济学的科学成分,深刻地论证了资本主义产生、发展、灭亡的历史必然性,肯定了它的历史地位,揭示了它内部不可克服的矛盾及其必然被社会主义所取代的客观规律。
它不仅是一部经济学巨著,而且是一部哲学巨著、一部科学社会主义巨著,是马克思主义的百科全书,是工人阶级的圣经。
关于《资本论》的研究对象和目的,马克思指出:我要在本书研究的,是资本主义生产方式以及和它相适应的生产关系和交换关系。
马克思主义最崇高的社会理想
马克思主义最崇高的社会理想马克思主义最崇高的社会理想是实现共产主义马克思主义,英文是Marxism,是马克思主义理论体系的简称,是关于全世界无产阶级和全人类彻底解放的学说。
它由马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三大部分组成,是马克思、恩格斯在批判地继承和吸收人类关于自然科学、思维科学、社会科学优秀成果的基础上于19世纪40年代创立的,并在实践中不断地丰富、发展和完善的无产阶级思想的科学体系。
马克思主义理论体系覆盖了马克思本人关于未来社会形态——科学社会主义的全部观点和全部学说。
马克思主义理论体系包含两个组成部分,即为现代唯物主义和现代科学社会主义。
马克思主义理论体系中的科学社会主义理论,包含两部分内容,科学社会主义革命理论(即政权理论部分),科学社会主义政治经济学原理。
科学社会主义政治经济学原理,包含两部分内容:第一部分内容,科学社会主义商品经济结构设计;第二部分内容,科学社会主义商品经济运行原理设计。
马克思主义是人类优秀文化遗产的产物。
它主要是批判地继承德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和英、法国空想社会主义而创立的崭新的无产阶级思想的科学体系。
马克思、恩格斯在1841年以前曾经接受黑格尔唯心主义哲学,从1841年下半年起转向L.A.费尔巴哈的唯物主义。
他们吸取G.W.F.黑格尔哲学中辩证法的合理内核而摈弃其唯心主义,吸取费尔巴哈哲学中唯物主义而摈弃其形而上学和社会历史问题上的唯心观点,创立了辩证唯物主义哲学。
哲学观念马克思主义哲学是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的统称,其前身是德国古典哲学。
辩证唯物主义认为:世界的统一性在于它的物质性,物质是世界所发生的一切变化的基础。
运动是物质的存在形式,物质的运动是绝对的,静止是相对的。
物质不是精神的产物,精神只是运动着的物质的最高形式。
社会存在决定人们的意识,人们能够认识并正确运用客观规律。
辩证法的规律是从自然界和人类社会的历史中抽引出来的,实质上可以归结为以下3个规律:从量转化为质和质转化为量的规律;对立的相互渗透的规律;否定之否定规律。
所有学科英文翻译
哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics法学 LawCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideolo gy and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理)Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学)Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计)Urban Planning and Design (including Lan dscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protecti ve Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocea n Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering 军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy 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Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等)The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学) Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Resp iratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tolog y, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Car diothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery) 妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学)Armed Service Operation (including Operation of St rategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学)Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学)Corporate Management (incl uding Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management。
哲学科目英语词汇集合
哲学科目英语词汇集合哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics法学LawCommunist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学V ocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera 电影学Film。
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The Marxistபைடு நூலகம்Theory
--Marx created the theory of Marxism which believed that the motive for all social and political activities was for gaining and keeping economic power. --Theories of Marxism are categorized into a group called “Dialectal Materialism” which consists of lots of thoughts and the way one looks at life. As well as one’s outlook and emotions on different things. --Marxists believe in “Empirical Evidence” which consists of using the truth in every aspect of a situation. This methodology was led by Marx and Engels. However later they reveal that not all of their “theories” were true and that they were based more on scientific theory rather than concrete facts. --Another component of Marxism is Determinism which explains that all processes are pre-thought and determined by natural laws. Therefore all processes should be able to be predicted.
Karl Heinrich Marx
• • • Karl Marx was born on may 5, 1818 in Germany to a middle-class family. At the age of seventeen he enrolled in the Faculty of Law at the University of Bonn then transferred to the University of Berlin. He was a member and leader to many clubs some being the Young Hegelian movement ,the Communist society, and the Communist League. He became known for his writing and theories, he began writing for the Rheinsche Zeitung,Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher, and writing famous writings such as the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, The German Ideology, The Poverty of Philosophy,the Communish Manifesto, The Neue Fheinische Zeitung, the Class struggles in France, The 18th Brumaire of Luis Bonaparte, The Grundrisse, The Civil War in France, and more. He Married Jenny von Westphalen and had 6 children, 3 whom lived. After fighting illnesses in the later years of his life and going through the death of his wife and eldest daughter he died on March 14, 1883.
More Info on Marxist Theory
• Marxist theories are categorized into reality of society, economics, working classes, and politics. • Dialectal Materialism, Historical Materialism, and the Labor Theory of Value are the “Famous Three Component Parts” Of Marxism.
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Marx Contribution of Theories
• Karl Marx was a strong communist advocate and even lead a group that overthrew the French Government and took over for two months. • Marx felt that the separation was more significant in socioeconomic classes than differences between religion, ethnicity, race, and gender. • The Marxist belief established classes in America from the homeless, poor, financially established, well-to-do, and extremely wealthy. These were established as the underclass, lower class, middle class, upper class, and aristocracy.