2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：27

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
A ______ of chickens are those hatched in a nest at one time.
问题1选项
A.flock
B.herd
C.brood
D.swarm
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项flock“群”，a flock of表示“一群（鸟，羊等）”；B项herd“兽群，畜群”，a herd of表示“一群（牛、鹿等）”；C项brood“一窝鸟，一窝动物”，a brood of表示“一窝”，适用于在母兽保护下的幼崽，尤指家养的或打猎用的鸟类的幼鸟；D项swarm“一大群，蜂群”，指一群昆虫，如蚂蚁、蜜蜂或黄蜂，a swarm of表示“一大群，一大堆”。

根据关键词chicken可知，C 项符合语境。

句意：一窝小鸡是指一次孵出的小鸡。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.
单选题
Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into ______ ones.
问题1选项
A.turbulent
B.tragic
C.vulnerable
D.suspicious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项turbulent“混乱的”，B项tragic“悲剧的”，C项vulnerable“易受攻击的”，D项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。

根据句子意思“谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，把平静的局面变成……”可知，空格处填入A项符合句意。

句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，使平静的局面变得动荡不安。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.
单选题
Professor Smith’s new invention has created a great ______ on the campus.
问题1选项
A.sensation
B.selection
C.imitation
D.irrigation
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A项sensation“感觉，轰动”，B项selection“选择，挑选”，C项imitation“模仿，仿造”，D项irrigation“灌溉”。

根据句子关键词new invention“新发明”可知，空格处填入A项符合语境。

句意：史密斯教授的新发明在校园里引起了很大的轰动。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.
单选题
Mary’s departure ______ with Tom’s return.
问题1选项
plied
B.retarded
C.coincided
D.collaborated
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项comply“遵守，顺从”，comply with表示“照做，遵守”；B项retard“延迟，组织，妨碍”；C项coincide“一致，符合，同时发生”，coincide with表示“符合，与……相一致”；D项collaborate“合作，勾结”，collaborate with表示“合作，通敌”。

根据句子可知，departure“离开”和return“回来”都与时间有关，只有C项可以表达时间，所以符合句意。

句意：玛丽的离开与汤姆的回来正好吻合。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.
单选题
The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case ______ to traffic.
问题1选项
A.inadequate
B.inaccessible
C.incompatible
D.insignificant
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项inadequate“不充分的，不适当的”，B项inaccessible“难达到的；难接近的”，C项incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”，D项insignificant“无关紧要的”。

根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词充当表语修饰the place且和后面的to traffic连用，由此推断，空格处填入inaccessible“难以达到的”符合语境。

句意：这个地方似乎并不受欢迎，因为它完全荒凉，而且无论如何交通不通。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.
单选题
He is too young to be able to ______ between right and wrong.
问题1选项
A.discard
B.discern
C.disperse
D.disregard
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项discard“抛弃，放弃”，B项discern“觉察出，识别”，C项disperse“分散，传播”，D项disregard“忽视，无视”。

根据关键词between right and wrong（对与错之间）可推测，空格处表示“分辨，判断，觉察”，B项符合。

句意：他太年轻了，还不能明辨是非。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

7.
单选题
A bull grazes on dry wheat husks in Logan, Kansas, one of the regions hit by the record drought that has affected more than half of the US and is expected to drive up food prices. Leading water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global food supplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to grow more food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said. Animal protein-rich food consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world’s arable land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed people include eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those in deficit. “900 million people already go hungry and 2 million people are malnourished in spite o f the
fact that per capita food production continues to increase.” they said. “With 70% of all available water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion people by 2050 will place pressure on available water and land.”
The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference in Stockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN bodies, non-governmental groups and researchers from 120 countries meet to address global water supply problems.
Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure on essential resources, the scientists said. “The UN predicts that we must increase found production by 70% by mid 21th century. This will place additional pressure on our ‘already stressed wat er resources’ at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy global energy demand…which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years—and to generate electricity for the 1.3 billion people currently without it” said the report.
Overeating, undernourishment and waste are all on the rise and increased food production may face future constraints from water scarcity.
“We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future,” said the report’s editor, Anders Jagerskog.
A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the best way for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than to develop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.
“Farmer across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale, locally-relevant water solutions. These techniques could increase yields up to 300% and add tens of billions of US dollars to household revenues across sub Saharan Africa and south Asia,” Said Dr. Colin Chartres, the director general.
56. What can be inferred from the water scientists’ warning?
57. What do the scientists say can be done to increase food supply?
58. A ccording to the water scientists’ report, ______.
59. In regard to the problem of water supply, scientists believe ______.
60. What does the IWMI say is the best solution to food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia?
问题1选项
A.The record drought forces half of the US to go hungry.
B.The record drought drives up food prices in the US.
C.Severe food shortage may happen without proper measures.
D.A vegetarian diet is the only option to avoid disastrous shortages. 问题2选项
A.Grow more animal protein-rich food.
B.Turn pastures into arable lands.
C.Promote trade between countries self-sufficient in food.
D.Increase the amount of water for food production.
问题3选项
A.per capita food production has been increasing
B.reduced food supply will make more people malnourished
C.70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050
D.researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem
问题4选项
A.more water should be allocated to satisfy energy demand
B.food production must be increased to 70% by mid-century
C.energy demand will intensify pressure on water resources
D.electricity generation must be increased by 60% 30 years later
问题5选项
A.Applying small pumps and simple technology.
unching large-scale irrigation projects.
C.Increase the local household revenues.
D.Investing in a new expensive irrigation project.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】56.推理判断题。

题干意思是“从水科学家的警告中可以推断出什么？”。

根据第二段Leading water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global food supplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.（主要的水科学家发布了迄今为止关于全球食物供应最严厉的警告之一，他们说，为了避免灾难性的食物短缺，世界人口可能不得不在未来40年几乎完全转向素食）可推断，如果不采取措施，人们就将面临食物短缺的问题；故C项“如果不采取适当措施，可能会发生严重的食物短缺”符合题意。

A项“创纪录的干旱迫使一半的美国人挨饿”，文章只提到创世纪的干旱影响了美国一半以上的地区将提高食品价格，并没有明确提及挨饿；B项“创纪录的干旱抬高了美国的食品价格”，不只是美国，世界的食品价格将会提高；D项“素食是避免严重短缺的唯一选择”表述太绝对，素食只是其中一种办法。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.细节事实题。

题干意思是“科学家们说可以做些什么来增加食物供应？”。

根据第三段第一句Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to grow more food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said.（科学家们说，在一个气候日益不稳定的世界里，采用素食是增加水资源利用率以种植更多粮食的一种选择）可知，可以通过增加用于食物生产的水资源来增加食物供应，D项“增加粮食生产用水”正确。

第三段第二句提到Animal protein-rich food consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet.（富含动物蛋白质的食物比素食多消耗5到10倍的水）可知，A项“种植更多富含动物蛋白质的食物”错误；根据第三段倒数第二句One thir d of the world’s arable land is used to grow crops to feed animals.（世界上三分之一的可耕地被用来种植喂养动物的作物）可知，把可耕地变为牧场也是选择之一，B项“把牧场变成可耕地”错误；第三段最后一句提到Other options to feed people include eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those in deficit.（养活人民的其他选择包括消除浪费和增加粮食盈余国家和粮食赤字国家之间的贸易），可知C项“促进粮食自给自足国家之间的贸易”也不正确。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.细节事实题。

题干意思是“根据水科学家的报告，……”。

根据第四段第一句900 million people already go hungry and 2 million people are malnourished in spite of the fact that per capita food production continues to increase（尽管人均粮食产量继续增加，但已有9亿人在挨饿，200万人营养不良）可知，A项“人均粮食产量一直在增加”正确。

B项“减少食物供应将使更多的人营养不良”文中没有提及；根据第四段最后一句With 70% of all available water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion people by 2050 will place pressure on available water and land.（由于70%的可用水资源用于农业，到2050年增加粮食以养活额外的20亿人口将给可用水资源和土地带来压力。

）可知，C项“到2050年，70%的水将被用来养活20亿人”表述不准确；D项“研究人员开始寻找解决水问题的方法”文中也没有提及。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.细节事实题。

题干意思是“关于水的供应问题，科学家们相信……”。

第六段第一句提到Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure on essential resources, the scientists said.（科学家们说，粮食生产和其他用途之间对水的争夺将加剧对基本资源的压力）可知，能源需求会加剧水资源的压力，故C项“能源需求将加大对水资源的压力”正确。

根据This will place additional pressure on our ‘already stressed water resources’ at a time when we also need to allocat e more water to satisfy global energy demand…（在我们还需要分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求的时候，这将给我们“已经紧张的水资源”带来额外的压力）可知，分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求使水资源更紧张，所以A项“应该分配更多的水来满足能源需求”错误；根据第六段The UN predicts that we must increase found production by 70% by mid 21th century.（联合国预测，到21世纪中期，我们必须将石油产量提高70%）可知B项“到本世纪中叶粮食产量必须增加到70%”错误；原文提到which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years（预计在未来30年，这一数字将增长60%）可知，D项“发电量必须在30年后增加60%”错误，不是“30年后”，而是“未来30年”。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.细节事实题。

题干意思是“国际水管理研究所认为，解决撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚粮食不安全的最佳办法是什么？”。

根据倒数第二段 A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the best way for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than to develop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.（国际水管理研究所(IWMI)的另一份报告说，各国保护撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚数百万农民免受粮食不安全之害的最佳方式是帮助他们投资于小型水泵和简单技术，而不是开发昂贵的大规模灌溉项目）可知A项“采用小型水泵和简单技术”正确，B项“开展大规模灌溉工程”和D项“投资一项新的昂贵的灌溉工程”错误；C项“增加当地家庭收入”这是这些解决方案带来的好处，与题干不符。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

8.
单选题
Animals can become unusually ______ when they are upset by a sudden environmental change.
问题1选项
A.vigorous
B.predominant
C.aggressive
D.irritable
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项vigorous“有力的，精力充沛的”，B项predominant“主要的，卓越的”，C项aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”，D项irritable“急躁的，易怒的”。

根据关键词anima l“动物”和空格后面部分句子意思“当它们被突然的环境变化所困扰时”可知，C选项最符合语境。

句意：当环境突然发生变化时，动物会变得异常好斗。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

9.
单选题
The Obama administration ______ the health care reform in March, 2010.
问题1选项
A.initiated
B.anticipated
C.expected
D.predicated
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项initiate“开始，创始”，B项anticipate“预料，预期”，C项expect“期望，指望”，D项predicate“断言，暗示”。

根据关键词the health care reform“医疗改革”可知，空格处填A项符合句意。

句意：奥巴马政府于2010年3月启动了医疗改革。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.
单选题
This album is ______ as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
问题1选项
A.unusual
B.unique
C.rare
D.singular
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项unusual“不同寻常的”，B项unique“独特的，独一无二的”，C项rare“稀有的，半熟的”，D项singular“单数的，单一的”。

根据句子the only one ever signed by the President“唯一一个有总统签名的”可知，B项最符合语境。

句意：这张专辑是独一无二的，因为它是唯一一张有总统签名的专辑。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.
单选题
As a ______ president, his views are treated with respect when he is interviewed.
问题1选项
A.prior
B.previous
te
D.former
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项prior“先前的，优先的”，强调更大的重要性，对比意味强；B项previous“之前的”，指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个；C项late“迟的，最近的”；D项former“从前的，前任的”，是latter“后者的”的反义词，更着重对比。

根据关键词president“总统”结合选项可知，空格部分表示“上一任总统”，只有D项符合语境，表示“前任总统”。

句意：作为前总统，他的观点在接受采访时受到尊重。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

12.
单选题
______ refers to that which is deserted, laid waste, solitary, forsaken.
问题1选项
A.Isolation
B.Consolation
C.Desolation
D.Dislocation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项isolation“隔离”，B项consolation“安慰，慰问”，C项desolation“孤寂”，D项dislocation“转位，混乱”。

根据空格后面的句子意思“……指的是那些被遗弃，荒废，孤独，被遗弃的”可知，空格部分填入desolation符合语境。

句意：荒凉是指被抛弃，荒废，孤独，被遗弃。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.
单选题
What you have done is ______ the doctor’s orders.
问题1选项
A.subject to
B.opposite
C.resistant to
D.contrary to
【答案】D
【解析】考查词义辨析。

A项subject to“使服从，使遭受”，B项opposite“相反的，对面的”，C项resistant to“对……有抵抗力，耐……的”，D项contrary to“与……相反”。

根据关键词doctor’s orders“医生的命令”和选项可知，空格处表示“违反，相反”符合句子意思。

句意：你所做的与医生的命令是相反的。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.
单选题
She finally broke down due to the ______ pressure of her life as a politician. 问题1选项
A.inflexible
B.relentless
C.redundant
D.reciprocal
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项inflexible“顽固的，不可弯曲的”，B项relentless“无情的，残酷的”，C项redundant“多余的，过剩的”，D项reciprocal“互惠的，相互的，倒数的”。

根据关键词pressure“压力”和politician“政治家”可知，四个选项中只有B项最符合语境。

句意：她终于在政治家生活的无情压力下垮了下来。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.
单选题
The bus that ______ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.
问题1选项
A.held back
B.set forth
C.got down
D.pulled up
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项hold back“隐藏，退缩”，B项set forth“提出，出发，宣布”，C项get down“吞下，使沮丧”，D项pull up“拔起，停下来，阻止”。

根据关键词bus“公交”和would soon take the visitors downtown“会很快把游客带到市中心”，可知，D选项符合语境。

句意：公共汽车停在旅馆外面，很快就会把游客们送到市中心去。

因此，该题选择D项正确。