Chinese_Space_Program(中国航天工程英文版)
中国太空计划英语介绍
中国太空计划的雄心壮志与全球影响In the vast expanse of the universe, the Chinese space program has emerged as a force to be reckoned with. Spanning across decades, it represents the country's determination to explore the unknown, push the boundaries of technology, and contribute significantly to the global space race. China's space program is not just about reaching for the stars; it's about national pride, economic growth, and scientific advancement.Since its inception in the 1950s, the Chinese space program has come a long way. From the launch of its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, in 1970, to the recent landing of the Chang'e 5 probe on the Moon, China has consistently made strides in space exploration. The program has witnessed several milestones, including the launch of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft series, the construction of the Tiangong space station, and the ongoing Mars exploration mission with the Tianwen-1 probe.The Chinese space program is not just about space exploration; it's also about technology transfer and economic growth. China has leveraged its space program todevelop advanced technologies in areas such as rocketry, satellite communications, and even agriculture. The spin-off technologies from the space program have found their way into everyday life, improving the quality of life for millions of Chinese citizens.Moreover, the Chinese space program has global implications. China's increasing presence in space has challenged the traditional power structure in the space race, leading to a more competitive and collaborative global environment. China's contributions to the International Space Station (ISS) and its active participation in international space cooperation projects have further strengthened its position as a key player in global space exploration.The future of the Chinese space program looks even more promising. With plans to launch a permanent space station, conduct manned missions to the Moon and Mars, and even explore the possibility of setting up a base on the Moon, China is poised to make significant contributions to the global space race.In conclusion, the Chinese space program is not just a testament to the country's technological prowess; it's a symbol of its ambition and determination to explore the unknown. As China continues to make strides in space exploration, it will undoubtedly shape the future of the global space race and leave a lasting impact on human civilization.**中国太空计划的雄心壮志与全球影响**在浩瀚无垠的宇宙中，中国太空计划已成为一股不可小觑的力量。
中国宇航英文作文
中国宇航英文作文英文，China's space program has made significant progress in recent years. From launching satellites to sending astronauts to space, China has demonstrated its capability in space exploration. One of the most remarkable achievements is the successful landing of the Chang'e-4 lunar probe on the far side of the moon in 2019. This made China the first country to achieve such a feat.China's space program has also been actively involved in international collaborations. For example, the China Manned Space Agency has cooperated with other countries in building the Tiangong space station. This demonstrates China's willingness to work with the global community in advancing space exploration.In addition to its achievements in space exploration, China has also made significant contributions to space technology. For instance, the Long March rockets developed by China have been widely used for launching satellitesinto orbit. This has not only boosted China's space industry but also provided commercial launch services to other countries.中文，中国的航天计划近年来取得了显著进展。
中国航天事业英语作文
中国航天事业英语作文【中英文实用版】The Chinese space program has embarked on an extraordinary journey, propelling the nation into the elite club of space exploration.From the launch of its first satellite, Dongfanghong-1, in 1970 to the recent achievements in lunar and Mars missions, China has come a long way in showcasing its space capabilities.中国的航天事业已经踏上了非凡的征程，将这个国家推向了太空探索的顶级俱乐部。
从1970年发射第一颗卫星“东方红一号”，到最近在月球和火星任务上的成就，中国已经在展示其太空能力方面取得了长足的进步。
With the successful completion of the Chang"e lunar exploration program and the ongoing Tianwen-1 mission to Mars, China has demonstrated its commitment to peaceful space exploration and the advancement of science and technology.随着嫦娥月球探测工程的圆满完成和天问一号火星任务的进行，中国展示了其对和平太空探索和科学技术进步的承诺。
The Chinese space program is not only about national pride but also about driving innovation and fostering international cooperation.China"s space station, Tiangong, is set to become a new platform for global scientific research in space.中国的航天计划不仅关乎国家荣誉，还推动了创新和促进了国际合作。
中国载人航天 英文介绍
中国载人航天英文介绍China's Manned Space Program, also known as the Chinese Manned Space Mission, is an important part of the country's space exploration program. The program aims to develop the capabilities of sending astronauts into space, conducting space experiments, and establishing a permanent human presence in space.The Chinese Manned Space Program began in the 1990s and has since made remarkable progress. In 2003, China successfully launched its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, making China the third country in the world to independently send humans into space. Since then, China has successively launched several manned space missions, including Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, and Shenzhou 10.The Chinese Manned Space Program not only demonstrates China's technological strength in aerospace but also has important scientific research value. Astronauts conduct various experiments in space, including space physics, life sciences, and material science research. These experiments help to enhance our understanding of the universe and promote the development of related scientific fields.In addition to manned space missions, China is also actively developing a space station. The planned Chinese Space Station will be a large-scale space infrastructure that can accommodate astronauts for long-term stays and conduct a wider range of scientific research and experiments. The construction of the space station is an important milestone in China's space exploration and will lay the foundation for future deep space exploration.Overall, China's Manned Space Program represents the country's determination and ambition to explore space. Through continuous research and development, China is making important contributions to the global space exploration field and promoting the progress of human civilization.。
中国航天计划英语作文简单
中国航天计划英语作文简单China's Space Program: Exploring the Final Frontier。
China's space program has garnered global attention for its ambitious goals, technological advancements, and remarkable achievements. From launching satellites into orbit to landing rovers on the Moon and Mars, China has been steadily expanding its presence in outer space. Inthis essay, we will delve into the key components and accomplishments of China's space program.First and foremost, China's space program is driven by its long-term vision of becoming a leading spacefaring nation. The program is overseen by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), which coordinates various space missions and activities. CNSA's objectives encompass both scientific exploration and technological innovation, with a focus on enhancing national prestige and fostering economic development.One of the cornerstones of China's space program is its human spaceflight initiative. In 2003, China achieved a historic milestone by sending its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Since then, China has conducted several crewed missions,including spacewalks and the establishment of a space laboratory called Tiangong ("Heavenly Palace"). These endeavors have demonstrated China's ability to sustain human presence in space and laid the groundwork for future endeavors such as constructing a permanent space station.In addition to crewed missions, China has made significant strides in robotic exploration. The Chang'e program, named after the Chinese goddess of the Moon, has been instrumental in advancing lunar exploration. China became the third country to successfully soft-land a spacecraft on the Moon with the Chang'e 3 mission in 2013, which deployed the Yutu rover to explore the lunar surface. Subsequent missions, including Chang'e 4 and Chang'e 5, further expanded China's lunar capabilities, with objectives ranging from studying the Moon's geology to collecting and returning lunar samples to Earth.Moreover, China's space program has set its sights on the Red Planet. The Tianwen-1 mission, launched in 2020, represents China's first independent interplanetary expedition. Consisting of an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, Tianwen-1 aims to explore Mars comprehensively, conducting remote sensing, topographic mapping, and surface exploration. If successful, China will join an elite groupof nations that have successfully reached and operated on Mars.Furthermore, China's space program encompasses a wide range of scientific research and technological development initiatives. These include the development of advanced launch vehicles, satellite systems for communication and Earth observation, and experiments conducted aboard the Tiangong space station. China's investments in space technology have not only bolstered its domesticcapabilities but have also positioned the country as a key player in the global space industry.However, China's space ambitions have not been withoutchallenges and controversies. The country's rapid advancements in space technology have raised concerns among some international observers, particularly regarding issues of military applications and space debris. Moreover,China's exclusion from certain international collaborations, such as the International Space Station (ISS), has prompted calls for greater cooperation and transparency in space activities.In conclusion, China's space program stands as a testament to the country's scientific and technological prowess, as well as its aspirations for leadership in space exploration. With a diverse portfolio of missions and a commitment to innovation, China continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in outer space. As the country looks toward the future, it remains poised to make further contributions to humanity's understanding of the cosmos.。
中国航天的英文作文带翻译
中国航天的英文作文带翻译China's space program has made significant advancements in recent years, with the successful launch of various satellites and the landing of a rover on the far side ofthe moon.中国的航天计划近年来取得了重大进展，成功发射了各种卫星，并在月球的背面着陆了一辆探测器。
The country's space agency, the China National Space Administration (CNSA), has ambitious plans for the future, including a manned mission to the moon and the developmentof a space station.中国国家航天局（CNSA）有着雄心勃勃的未来计划，包括对月球的载人任务和空间站的建设。
China's space program has also been involved in international collaborations, such as the joint missionswith Russia and the European Space Agency.中国的航天计划还参与了国际合作，如与俄罗斯和欧洲航天局的联合任务。
The development of reusable rockets and the exploration of Mars are also on the agenda for China's space program.中国的航天计划还包括可重复使用火箭的研发和对火星的探索。
Overall, China's space program is making great strides and is poised to become a major player in the global space industry.总的来说，中国的航天计划正在取得巨大进步，并有望成为全球航天产业的重要参与者。
Chinese_Space_Program(中国航天工程英文版) ppt课件
CZ-4 series: launching SSO meteorological satellite.
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General View of Long March series
CZ-1 CZ-2
CZ-2C CZ-2C CZ-2D
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CZ-2E
(biding)
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CZ-3 CZ-A CZ-3B CZ-4A CZ-4B FB-1
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CZ-1 series: launching small size satelite.
CZ-2 series: launching LEO or GTO satelite and spacecraft.
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CZ-3 series: using hydrogenoxygen burning engine; launching HEO communication satelite.
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SJ-1 SJ-5
SJ-2 Shi Jian series satelite
SJ-4
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First satelite in China
Dong Fang HongⅠ
Api Yuan-1-01
Zhong Xing-22
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★Applied satellite: Most satelites launched in China are applied satelites. They include meteorological satellite, communication satellite, earth resources satellite and so on.
China’s Space Program
1 See CRS Report 98-485, China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers under U.S. Satellite Export Policy — Actions and Chronology, by Shirley A. Kan.Order Code RS22777Updated September 29, 2008China’s Space Program:Options for U.S.-China CooperationJeffrey LoganSpecialist in Energy PolicyResources, Science, and Industry DivisionSummaryChina has a determined, yet still modest, program of civilian space activities planned for the next decade. The potential for U.S.-China cooperation in space — an issue of interest to Congress — has become more controversial since the January 2007Chinese anti-satellite test. The test reinforced concerns about Chinese intentions in outer space and jeopardized space assets of more than two dozen countries by creating a large cloud of orbital space debris. Some argue that Chinese capabilities now threaten U.S.space assets in low earth orbit. Others stress the need to expand dialogue with China.This report outlines recent activities and future plans in China’s civilian space sector. It also discusses benefits and trade-offs of possible U.S.-China collaboration in space, as well as several options to improve space relations, including information exchange, policy dialogue, and joint activities. For more information, see CRS Report RS21641, China’s Space Program: An Overview , by Marcia S. Smith.IntroductionChina has made clear advances in space capabilities over the past decade. The country has launched over 100 orbital missions since 1970, including a string of 50consecutive successful Long March rocket launches from 1996 to 2006, after overcoming technical problems with the help of U.S. companies in the mid-1990s.1 China sent humans into space in 2003 and 2005, and orbited a lunar explorer in October 2007 that is paving the way for additional moon exploration. China is now a world leader in yearly space launches, yet remains notably less active than Russia or the United States, as shown in Table 1.China’s space program was initially institutionalized under the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). In a series of government reforms in the 1990s, the China National SpaceAdministration (CNSA) — roughly equivalent to the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) — was created under the civilian Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. The PLA continues to play a role in China’s overall space activities, managing both manned civilian and military efforts, while CNSA handles unmanned scientific projects and international collaboration. China’s space activities and intentions are not transparent; the dual-use nature of most space technology compounds the uncertainties of interpreting Chinese decision making. Table 1. Reported Spaceflights Launched by Country, 2003-2007 Russia U.S.China EU Japan India 2003212674322004231983012005261655212006252365612007221610523 Source: NASA, “The Year in Review,” 2003-2006, and Space News, 2007.China’s Space White Paper of 2006 states that Chinese space activities are subservient to domestic social and economic development goals, which include national security.2 China has been a strong proponent of an arms control regime in space and has argued for the peaceful use of outer space in the United Nations’ Conference on Disarmament and at the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space dialogue. Some claim that China takes this stand in order to prevent further progress by the United States in space while allowing it to covertly catch up.3China’s spending on space is growing, although details are often not available. The CNSA reports to have a budget about one-tenth the size of NASA’s.4 Western experts estimate Chinese space spending at $1.4-2.2 billion per year, on par with France and Japan.5 Chinese budget opacity, the dual-use nature of most space technology, and currency conversion difficulties make direct comparisons uncertain.China collaborates with other countries on civilian space activities, but it is not considered a key member of the international space community.6 Currently, China collaborates with Russia, the European Union (EU), Brazil, Canada, Nigeria, and others. The Russian partnership is probably the most active and has benefitted China’s manned space effort significantly. A China-EU collaborative framework on space has been in 2 “China’s Space Activities in 2006,” White Paper issued by the Information Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, October 2006.3 See, for example, speech by Senator Jon Kyl, “China’s Anti-Satellite Weapons and American National Security,” delivered on January 29, 2007, at the Heritage Foundation.4 “Chinese Annual Space Budget Exceeds Two Billion Dollars,” Space Daily, Beijing, October 12, 2006.5 Dean Cheng, Space News, “Dragons in Orbit: China’s Space Program Merits Greater Attention,” 21 August 2006.6 This was concluded by a panel of U.S. experts on Chinese space activities. “China’s Space Program: Civilian, Commercial and Military Aspects,” CNA Conference Report, May 2006.place since 1998. This includes cooperation on the EU-led Galileo satellite positioning system, but progress on this has been slow and sometimes controversial. Competition in space also exists among China, India, Japan, and South Korea. Although there may be military implications to this competition, each country seems more focused on building national pride by displaying technology prowess.China’s Human Space Flight ProgramChina’s program to launch humans into space began earnestly in 1992 and is designated as “Project 921.” China has apparently chosen the more expensive route of sending humans into space, over machines, for the wider attention it attracts both domestically and internationally. A manned program builds greater national prestige —an increasingly important political benefit in China — and by drawing international attention to the country’s technical capabilities.China has made steady, although unremarkable progress in its human space schedule. Compared to the U.S. Apollo and Soviet Soyez programs of the 1960s and 1970s, China’s Shenzhou effort is far more modest.7Project 921 is divided into three phases. Phase I included the first five Shenzhou flights, culminating in China’s first human spaceflight on October 15, 2003. Phase II began with Shenzhou 6, which flew two Chinese taikonauts8 on a five-day mission starting on October 12, 2005. Shenzhou 7 was a three-day mission starting on September 24, 2008, and built experience with extra-vehicular activities. Shenzhou 8, 9, and 10 are scheduled for 2009-2010 and will attempt to establish a space laboratory module with docking capability. Shenzhou 9 will test docking procedures with the module delivered by Shenzhou 8, and Shenzhou 10 will carry a crew to the module. Phase III is less well developed, but includes establishing a permanent space station. China claims that it has not set a date for development of the station.9 The Shenzhou modules have been designed to dock at the International Space Station if that becomes politically feasible in the future. China’s Lunar Exploration Activities and BeyondOn October 24, 2007, China successfully launched Chang-e 1, the country’s first lunar probe. Approximately 14 days later, the probe entered final orbit around the moon. China became the fourth country to orbit a satellite around the moon; Japan became the third only weeks before China. Orbiting 200 kilometers (124 miles) above the surface, China’s explorer uses stereo cameras and X-ray spectrometers to map three dimensional images of the lunar surface. One goal of the mission is to begin mapping potential lunar resources that could some day be used by Chinese industry. China plans to send Chang-e 2, equipped with a robotic lunar rover, to the moon around 2012. Approximately five years later, Chang-e 3 is scheduled to send another rover to collect samples that will be 7 Steve Dutch, “Chronology of Pre-Space Shuttle Manned Space Flight,” University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, September 1998.8 “Taikonaut” is sometimes used in English language documents to distinguish Chinese space explorers from astronauts and cosmonauts.9 “China Denies Timetable for Space Station,” Xinhua, November 7, 2007.returned to Earth.10 After this third phase, an effort to send humans to the moon will commence, but China denies that it has a timetable for this effort.11China also has plans to explore Mars and the outer solar system and is discussing collaboration with Russia to do so. These plans are more vague and uncertain than Program 921 and the lunar exploration.U.S.-China Space CooperationChina and the United States have a limited history of both civilian and military collaboration in space. China has publicly pushed for more dialogue and joint activities. Mistrust of Chinese space intentions grew in the mid-1990s when U.S. companies were accused of transferring potentially sensitive military information to China.12 Since then, cooperation has stagnated, often roiled by larger economic, political, and security frictions in the U.S.-China relationship.In September 2006, NASA Administrator Michael Griffin visited his Chinese counterpart, Laiyan Sun, in China. He couched the visit as a “get acquainted” opportunity rather than the start of any serious cooperation in order to keep expectations low. No follow-on activities were announced after the trip, although the Chinese issued a four-point proposal for ongoing dialogue between the two organizations that stressed annual exchanges and confidence building measures.13On January 11, 2007, China conducted its first successful anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons test, destroying one of its inactive weather satellites.14 No advance notice of the test was given, nor has China yet explained convincingly the intentions of the test.15 The international community condemned the test as an irresponsible act because it polluted that orbital slot with thousands of pieces of debris that will threaten the space assets of more than two dozen countries, including China’s, for years.Understanding the nuances of China’s intent in conducting the test is important, but remains open to interpretation. How was the decision made to conduct a test that would contradict Beijing’s publicly-held position on the peaceful use of outer space, and that would almost certainly incur international condemnation? Some speculate that the United 10 Launch dates for Chang-e 2 and 3 may depend on development of the new, heavy-lift Long March 5 booster rocket and the launch facility under construction on Hainan Island.11 “China Has No Timetable for Manned Moon Landing,” Xinhua, October 25, 2007.12 CRS Report 98-485, China: Possible Missile Technology Transfers under U.S. Satellite Export Policy — Actions and Chronology, by Shirley A. Kan.13 “China Offers 4-Point proposal to boost Sino-U.S. Space Co-Op,” The Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal, [], September 25, 2006.14 See CRS Report RS22652, China’s Anti-Satellite Weapon’s Test, by Shirley A. Kan.15 In a March 2007 press conference, Premier Wen Jiabao reiterated that the test was not directed against any one country and that China’s position on the peaceful use of outer space remained unchanged. “Premier Wen Jiabao’s Press Conference,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, March 17, 2007.16 William J. Broad and David E. Sanger, “Flexing Muscle, China Destroys Satellite in Test,”New York Times, January 19, 2007.17Office of Science and Technology Policy, U.S. National Space Policy , August 31, 2006.18 Eric Hagt, “China’s ASAT Test: Strategic Response,” China Security , World Security Institute,Winter 2007.19See, for example, Statement of Michael Pillsbury to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, “Hearing on China’s Military Modernization and its Impacts on the U.S.and the Asia Pacific,” March 30, 2007.20 This speculation is attributed to Joan Johnson-Freese in May 7, 2008 testimony to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. D. Shiga, “Did ‘Naive Engineers’ Spur China’s Anti-Satellite Test?” New Scientist Space , May 7, 2008.21 Philip Saunders and Charles Lutes, “China’s ASAT Test: Motivations and Implications,”National Defense University, June 2007.22 “Report of the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization,” Washington, DC, January 11, 2001.States’ unilateral positions encouraged China to conduct the test to demonstrate that it could not be ignored.16 In particular, the U.S. National Space Policy issued in September 2006 declares that the United States would “deny, if necessary, adversaries the use of space capabilities hostile to U.S. national interests.”17 Given China’s apparent commitment to space, the growing U.S. dependence on space for security and military use, and Chinese concerns over Taiwan, the ASAT test may have been a demonstration of strategic Chinese deterrence.18 Others saw a more nefarious display of China’s space capabilities, and a sign that China has more ambitious objectives in space.19 Still others speculate that the engineers running China’s ASAT program simply wanted to verify the technology that they had spent decades developing and significantly underestimated the international outrage the test provoked.20The Chinese ASAT test seemed to derail any movement to build on the meeting between NASA and CNSA. Some believe that China’s ASAT test will continue to dampen momentum that might have been building for the two countries to expand cooperation, while others argue that it is a pressing reason to boost dialogue.21Challenges of Cooperating with China. Some of the most important challenges of expanding cooperation in space with China include:!Inadvertent technology transfer. From this perspective, increased spacecooperation with China should be avoided until Chinese intentions areclearer. Joint space activities could lead to more rapid (dual-use)technology transfer to China, and in a worst-case scenario, result in a“space Pearl Harbor,” as postulated by a congressionally appointedcommission led by Donald Rumsfeld in 2001.22!Moral compromise. China is widely criticized for its record on humanrights and non-democratic governance. Any collaboration that improvesthe standing of authoritarian Chinese leaders might thus be viewed asunacceptable.23 “China’s Space Program: Civilian, Commercial and Military Aspects,” CNA Conference Report, May 2006.24 Joan Johnson-Freese, “Strategic Communication with China: What Message About Space?,”China Security , World Security Institute, 2006.!Ineffectiveness. Some argue that increased collaboration will not produce tangible benefits for the United States, especially without a newbilateral political climate.23Benefits of Cooperating with China. The potential benefits of expanded cooperation and dialogue with China include:!Improved transparency. Regular meetings could help the two nations understand each others’ intentions more clearly. Currently, there ismutual uncertainty and mistrust over space goals, resulting in the needfor worst-case planning.!Offsetting the need for China’s unilateral development. Collaboratingwith China — instead of isolating it — may keep the country dependenton U.S. technology rather than forcing it to develop technologies alone.This can give the United States leverage in other areas of the relationship.!Cost savings. China now has the economic standing to support jointspace cooperation. Cost-sharing of joint projects could help NASAachieve its challenging work load in the near future. Some have arguedthat U.S. space commerce has suffered from the attempt to isolate Chinawhile doing little to keep sensitive technology out of China.Options for Possible Cooperation.!Information and data sharing. Confidence building measures (CBMs)such as information exchange on debris management, environmental andmeteorological conditions, and navigation, are widely considered aneffective first step in building trust in a sensitive relationship. NASA hasdone some of this with CNSA in the past, but more is possible.!Space policy dialogue. Another area of potential exchange could beginwith “strategic communication,”24 an attempt for each side to moreaccurately understand the other’s views, concerns, and intentions.Dialogue on “rules of the road,” a “code of conduct,” or even selectmilitary issues could be included.!Joint activities. This type of cooperation is more complex and wouldprobably require strong political commitments and confidence buildingmeasures in advance. Bi- and multi-lateral partnerships on theinternational space station, lunar missions, environmental observation,or solar system exploration are potential options. A joint U.S.-Sovietspace docking exercise in 1975 achieved important technical and politicalbreakthroughs during the Cold War.。
介绍中国航天的英语作文范文
介绍中国航天的英语作文范文China's space program has been a source of national pride and a symbol of the country's technological advancement. Over the past few decades, China has made significant strides in its space exploration efforts, establishing itself as a major player in the global space industry. From the launch of its first satellite to the recent successful missions to the Moon and Mars, China's space program has captured the world's attention and demonstrated the country's growing capabilities in this field.One of the key achievements of China's space program is the development of its own launch vehicles. The Long March series of rockets, which have been in use since the 1970s, have played a crucial role in the country's space missions. These rockets have been continuously upgraded and improved, allowing China to launch increasingly complex and ambitious projects. The successful launch of the Long March 5 rocket in 2016, which is capable of carrying heavier payloads into space, was a significant milestone for the program.Another notable accomplishment of China's space program is its manned space missions. The Shenzhou spacecraft, which was first launched in 2003, has carried Chinese astronauts, known as "taikonauts," into orbit. These missions have included long-duration stays on the Tiangong space station, which is China's own orbital laboratory. The successful docking of the Shenzhou spacecraft with the Tiangong station has demonstrated China's ability to perform complex in-orbit operations, a crucial step towards the establishment of a permanent human presence in space.In addition to its manned space missions, China has also made significant progress in its robotic exploration of the solar system. The Chang'e lunar exploration program, named after the Chinese goddess of the Moon, has sent several probes to the lunar surface, including the Yutu rover, which made a historic soft landing on the far side of the Moon in 2019. This achievement marked the first time a spacecraft had landed on the side of the Moon that is not visible from Earth, a remarkable feat of engineering and scientific exploration.More recently, China has turned its attention to the exploration of Mars, with the successful launch and landing of the Tianwen-1 mission in 2020. This mission, which includes an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, is China's first independent interplanetary exploration project. The Tianwen-1 rover, named Zhurong, has been exploringthe Martian surface, gathering valuable data and images that contribute to our understanding of the Red Planet.Beyond its space exploration activities, China's space program also plays a crucial role in the country's technological and economic development. The development of satellite technology, for example, has enabled China to establish a robust communications and navigation infrastructure, with a network of Beidou satellites providing global coverage. This has had a significant impact on various sectors, including transportation, agriculture, and disaster management.Moreover, China's space program has fostered the growth of a thriving space industry, creating numerous high-tech jobs and driving the development of cutting-edge technologies. The country's investment in space research and development has led to advancements in areas such as materials science, propulsion systems, and robotics, which have applications beyond the space sector.As China continues to expand its space exploration efforts, it is also actively engaged in international collaborations. The country has signed agreements with various space agencies around the world, including the European Space Agency and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, to participate in joint missions and share scientific data. This collaboration not only strengthens China'sposition in the global space community but also contributes to the advancement of space exploration as a whole.Looking to the future, China's space program has set ambitious goals, including the establishment of a permanent human presence on the Moon and the exploration of Mars with more advanced robotic missions. The country's space agency has also expressed interest in developing advanced technologies such as reusable launch vehicles and in-situ resource utilization, which could significantly reduce the cost and complexity of space missions.In conclusion, China's space program has come a long way since the launch of its first satellite in 1970. The country's remarkable achievements in space exploration, satellite technology, and international collaboration have cemented its position as a major player in the global space industry. As China continues to push the boundaries of space exploration, its space program will undoubtedly continue to inspire and captivate the world, showcasing the country's technological prowess and its unwavering commitment to the advancement of human knowledge and exploration.。
中国天宫一号(双语)
Tiangong-1：China Space Program 天宫一号：中国航天项目
【ChinaDaily】Tiangong-1 is a rendezvous and docking target spacecraft of China's manned space engineering project, mainly developed by China Academy of Space Technology. Adopting a new design and a lot of new technology, Tiangong-1 consists of an experiment module and a support module, which is like a small space station. The experiment module is used for astronauts to live and work, providing them with appropriate living conditions such as cabin pressure, temperature, humidity and gas components. The front part of the experiment module is fitted with a docking mechanism and the measuring and communications equipment used for supporting the rendezvous docking with the spacecraft. The support module can provide power supply for orbit maneuvering and spacecraft orbiting. Tiangong-1 is expected to be launched aboard an improved Long March-2F launch vehicle in 2011, and dock with Shenzhou-8 spacecraft after in-orbit testing, which is scheduled to be launched later. 天宫一号是中国载人空间工程项目中交会对接的目标航天器， 主要由中国空间技 术研究院研制。 天宫一号采用了新的设计和许多新技术， 由实验舱和资源舱组成， 就像一个小型空间站。实验舱用于宇航员生活和工作，为他们提供适宜的生活条 件，比如舱内气压、温度、适度和气体成分。实验舱的前部装有对接装置和测量 与通讯设备，用于支持交会对接航天器。资源舱能够为轨道机动和航天器轨道运 行提供电源。天宫一号将由改进的长征-2F 运载火箭发射，经过在轨测试之后， 与后期发射的神州-8 号对接。 China's manned space engineering project follows a "three-step" strategic plan. The first step is to send Chinese astronauts into space, conduct multi-day and multi-manned space flight with safe return to the preset position. The tasks of the first step have been perfectly completed with the Shenzhou-5 to Shenzhou-7 missions. The second step is to make a breakthrough in the key technology of carrying out extravehicular activity and rendezvous docking, send space station into space, and perform short-term manned space applicable experiment. The third step is to build a permanent space laboratory that allows astronauts to conduct long-term manned space applicable experiment. 中国的载人空间工程项目按照“三步走”战略计划进行。第一步将中国宇航员送 到太空，进行数天和数人太空飞行兵安全返回预订位置。第一步任务已经由神州 -5 号至神州-7 号圆满完成。第二步将在进行太空舱外活动和交会对接关键技术 上做出突破，将太空站送进太空，并进行短期载人空间应用试验。第三步将建立 一个常设太空实验室，用于宇航员进行长期载人空间应用试验。 WORD（周末版或全日版） 。订阅信箱：wordsworld@
介绍我国航天工程英文作文
介绍我国航天工程英文作文China's space engineering has been a source of pride and inspiration for the nation. From humble beginnings to making leaps into the unknown, it's been an incredible journey.Remember when we first launched a satellite into orbit? It was a milestone moment, a symbol of our country's technological prowess. And now, look at us – building space stations, landing on the Moon, and even sending probes to Mars.Talk about ambition! China's space program is all about pushing boundaries and achieving the impossible. It's not just about technology; it's about spirit, too. You know, that never-give-up attitude that drives us to go further and further.And let's not forget the impact it's having on the rest of the world. China's space achievements are inspiringother countries to invest in their own space programs. It's a global race, and we're leading the way.But there's more to it than just competition. Space exploration is about cooperation and understanding. It's about working together to answer the big questions: Who are we? Where do we come from? And what's out there, beyond our own planet?So, as we continue to make history in space, let's remember that it's not just about the rockets and satellites. It's about the spirit of discovery, the thrill of the unknown, and the infinite possibilities that lie ahead. China's space engineering is more than just a program; it's a dream, a vision, and a way forward for our nation.。
中国航天计划英语作文
中国航天计划英语作文China's space program has made significant progress in recent years, with successful missions including manned space flights, lunar exploration, and the launch of the Tiangong space station. The country has demonstrated its capability to compete with other major space-faring nations.The Chinese government has set ambitious goals for its space program, aiming to land astronauts on the moon and establish a permanent presence in space. This long-term vision reflects China's determination to become a leading force in space exploration.China's space program has also contributed toscientific research and technological innovation, with developments in areas such as satellite technology, space medicine, and materials science. These advancements havethe potential to benefit not only China, but the entire global community.In addition to its scientific and technological achievements, China's space program has also captured the imagination of people around the world. The country's space missions, including the recent landing of a rover on Mars, have generated widespread interest and excitement.As China continues to make strides in space exploration, it is likely to become an increasingly influential playerin the international space community. With its ambitious goals and impressive achievements, China's space program is poised to shape the future of space exploration.。
中国宇航英文作文
中国宇航英文作文1. What is China's space program?China's space program is a national initiative to explore space and develop space technology. It includes a range of activities such as launching satellites, conducting manned space missions, and developing new spacecraft and rockets. The program is overseen by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) and is funded by the Chinese government.2. What are some of China's achievements in space?China has made significant strides in space exploration in recent years. Some of its notable achievements include launching the first Chinese astronaut into space in 2003, successfully landing a rover on the far side of the moon in 2019, and launching the first module of its space stationin 2021. China has also launched a number of satellites for various purposes, including scientific research,communication, and navigation.3. What are China's goals for its space program?China's space program has a number of goals, including developing new space technologies, conducting scientific research, and expanding its presence in space. In the long term, China hopes to establish a permanent human presence on the moon and to eventually send astronauts to Mars. The country also hopes to use its space program to promote international cooperation and to contribute to global efforts to explore and understand the universe.4. How does China's space program compare to other countries' programs?China's space program is one of the most ambitious in the world and is rapidly catching up to the programs of other major space-faring nations such as the United States and Russia. While China still lags behind in some areas, such as the development of reusable rockets, it has made impressive progress in other areas, such as the developmentof its own space station. China's space program is also notable for its focus on international cooperation, with the country partnering with other nations on a number of space projects.5. What are some of the challenges facing China's space program?Like any space program, China's program faces a number of challenges. These include technical challenges such as developing more advanced spacecraft and rockets, as well as logistical challenges such as ensuring the safety of astronauts and maintaining the country's space infrastructure. Additionally, China's space program faces political challenges, including tensions with other countries over issues such as space debris and military applications of space technology. Despite these challenges, however, China's space program is likely to continue to thrive in the coming years.。
简单用英语介绍中国航天英语作文
China's Space Exploration: A Journey to theUnknownChina's space program has come a long way since its inception in the early years of the 20th century. From its early days of launching satellites and conducting manned space missions, to its recent achievements in lunar exploration and beyond, China has made significant contributions to the global space race.The journey of China's space program began in 1956, when the country established its first space agency, the China National Space Administration (CNSA). Since then, the Chinese government has invested heavily in space technology, aiming to catch up with the advanced space programs of the United States and Russia.One of the earliest milestones in China's space program was the successful launch of its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, in 1970. This marked the beginning of China's journey into space and signaled its intention to become a major player in the global space race.In the following decades, China continued to make progress in space exploration. It launched varioussatellites for communication, weather forecasting, and navigation. It also conducted several manned space missions, sending astronauts into orbit to conduct experiments and observe the Earth from space.One of the most significant achievements in China's space program was the successful launch of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft in 2003. This marked the first time thata Chinese astronaut had been sent into space, and it marked a new era for China's space program. Since then, China has conducted multiple manned space missions, sendingastronauts to the International Space Station andconducting experiments in orbit.In recent years, China has also made significant progress in lunar exploration. It launched the Chang'elunar probe in 2007, which made China the third country in the world to successfully orbit the Moon. Since then, China has conducted multiple lunar missions, including landing a rover on the Moon's surface and collecting samples from the Moon's surface.China's space program has also looked beyond the Moon and towards deeper space. It has launched probes to studythe Sun and other celestial bodies, and it has even begunto explore the possibility of building a space station in orbit.The success of China's space program is not only a testament to the country's technological prowess but also a reflection of its ambition and determination to become a leading power in the global space race. With its continuous investment in space technology and its focus on innovation and research, China's space program is poised to make even greater contributions to the field of space exploration in the future.**中国航天探索：未知的旅程**自20世纪初成立以来，中国的航天事业已经走过了漫长的道路。
中国航天太空英语作文
中国航天太空英语作文China's space exploration has been a remarkable journey of technological advancements, scientific discoveries, and national pride. As one of the leading space-faring nations, China has made significant strides in expanding its capabilities and contributing to the global understanding of the cosmos.The origins of China's space program can be traced back to the 1950s, when the country began to lay the foundation for its space ambitions. The launch of the first Chinese satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, in 1970 marked a significant milestone, showcasing China's determination to become a space power. Since then, the country has continued to push the boundaries of space exploration, achieving remarkable feats that have captured the world's attention.One of the most notable achievements of China's space program is the successful landing of the Yutu rover on the lunar surface in 2013. This mission, known as Chang'e-3, not only demonstrated China's technological prowess but also provided valuable scientific data about the Moon's geology and environment. The subsequentChang'e-4 mission, which landed the Yutu-2 rover on the far side of the Moon in 2019, further cemented China's position as a leader in lunar exploration.In addition to its lunar exploration efforts, China has also made significant strides in other areas of space exploration. The country's Tianhe core module, launched in 2021, serves as the foundation for the Tiangong space station, China's ambitious project to establish a permanent human presence in space. The successful docking of the Shenzhou spacecraft with the Tianhe module and the subsequent long-duration stays of Chinese astronauts aboard the space station have demonstrated the country's growing capabilities in human spaceflight.Beyond its achievements in lunar exploration and human spaceflight, China has also made remarkable progress in other areas of space technology. The country's Beidou satellite navigation system, which provides global coverage, has become an essential tool for a wide range of applications, from transportation to telecommunications. The development of the Long March series of launch vehicles has also enabled China to launch a diverse range of payloads, including satellites, space probes, and crewed spacecraft.China's space program is not only a source of national pride but also a platform for international collaboration and scientific advancement.The country has actively engaged in partnerships with other space agencies, such as the European Space Agency and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, to foster global cooperation in space exploration. These collaborations have led to the exchange of scientific data, the sharing of technological expertise, and the joint development of space missions.One of the key aspects of China's space program is its focus on practical applications and the development of space-based technologies that can benefit society. From Earth observation satellites that monitor climate change and natural disasters to communication satellites that enhance global connectivity, China's space program has had a tangible impact on people's lives.Moreover, China's space exploration efforts have also inspired a new generation of scientists, engineers, and space enthusiasts. The country's investment in space education and the promotion of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields have helped to nurture a growing pool of talented individuals who will shape the future of space exploration.As China continues to push the boundaries of space exploration, it faces a range of challenges and opportunities. The need to ensure the safety and reliability of its space systems, the development of advanced propulsion technologies, and the management of spacedebris are just a few of the critical issues that the country must address. At the same time, the potential for further international collaboration, the exploration of deep space, and the commercialization of space activities present exciting opportunities for China to expand its role in the global space landscape.In conclusion, China's space exploration journey has been a testament to the country's technological prowess, scientific ambition, and national determination. From the launch of its first satellite to the establishment of a permanent presence in space, China has consistently demonstrated its ability to achieve remarkable feats and contribute to the advancement of human knowledge. As the country continues to push the boundaries of space exploration, it is poised to play an increasingly pivotal role in shaping the future of space exploration and the exploration of the cosmos.。
给笔友介绍中国航天的作文英语
给笔友介绍中国航天的作文英语China's Space Program: A Journey to the StarsChina's space program has been a source of great national pride and a symbol of the country's technological prowess. From humble beginnings in the 1950s to its current status as a global leader in space exploration, China's journey to the stars has been a remarkable one. As a pen pal, I am excited to share with you the fascinating story of China's space program and its contributions to the advancement of human knowledge and exploration.The Origins of China's Space ProgramChina's space program can trace its roots back to the 1950s when the country was still recovering from the ravages of war. In 1956, the Chinese government established the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, which would later become the foundation for the country's burgeoning space program. In the early years, China's space efforts were largely focused on the development of ballistic missiles, which were seen as a crucial deterrent against potential adversaries.However, as the Cold War intensified and the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union gained momentum, China recognized the need to develop its own space capabilities. In 1970, China successfully launched its first satellite, the Dong Fang Hong I, marking a significant milestone in the country's space exploration journey.The Rise of China's Space ProgramIn the decades that followed, China's space program underwent a remarkable transformation, rapidly catching up with the world's leading space-faring nations. The launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft in 2003 was a particularly significant achievement, as it made China only the third country in the world, after the United States and Russia, to have the capability to launch crewed missions into space.Since then, China has continued to make impressive strides in its space program. The country has launched numerous successful missions, including the Tiangong space station, the Chang'e lunar exploration program, and the Tianwen-1 Mars mission. These achievements have not only demonstrated China's technical prowess but also its growing ambition to become a major player in the global space arena.Technological Advancements and InnovationsOne of the most striking aspects of China's space program is the rapid pace of technological advancements and innovations. Chinese engineers and scientists have consistently pushed the boundaries of what is possible, developing cutting-edge technologies that have helped to revolutionize the field of space exploration.For example, the Beidou satellite navigation system, China's answer to the US-developed GPS, has become a critical component of the country's space infrastructure. The system has not only provided China with greater independence in terms of navigation and positioning but has also been adopted by a growing number of countries around the world.Similarly, China's development of reusable launch vehicles, such as the Long March 8 rocket, has significantly reduced the cost of space missions, making space exploration more accessible and sustainable. These technological breakthroughs have not only strengthened China's position as a space power but have also contributed to the advancement of the global space industry as a whole.Contributions to International CollaborationWhile China's space program has undoubtedly been driven by a strong sense of national pride and ambition, the country has also actively engaged in international collaboration and cooperation. China has participated in numerous joint projects with other space-faring nations, including the International Space Station (ISS) and the planned Lunar Gateway, a lunar orbital outpost that will serve as a hub for future Moon missions.Moreover, China has been a vocal proponent of the peaceful use of outer space and has called for greater international cooperation in this domain. The country has signed various space cooperation agreements with countries around the world, including the United States, Russia, and the European Union, demonstrating its commitment to the shared goal of advancing human knowledge and exploration.Inspiring the Next GenerationBeyond its technological and scientific achievements, China's space program has also had a profound impact on the country's younger generation. The successful missions and the awe-inspiring images of China's space exploration have captured the imaginations of millions of Chinese children, inspiring them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.The Chinese government has recognized the importance of nurturing this interest and has invested heavily in STEM education and outreach programs. From space-themed summer camps to virtual reality experiences that allow students to "visit" the International Space Station, these initiatives have helped to foster a newgeneration of space enthusiasts and future space explorers.ConclusionChina's space program is a testament to the country's technological prowess, ambition, and commitment to the advancement of human knowledge. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a global leader in space exploration, China's journey to the stars has been nothing short of remarkable.As a pen pal, I am honored to have the opportunity to share this fascinating story with you. China's space program not only represents a source of national pride but also serves as a shining example of what can be achieved through dedication, innovation, and international collaboration. As we continue to explore the vast expanse of the universe, I am confident that China will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of space exploration.。
中国航天航空初中英语作文
中国航天航空初中英语作文The Chinese space program has always been a source of pride for our country. Since its inception, it has made remarkable strides, showcasing our nation's technological prowess.In recent years, China has successfully launched numerous satellites into space, contributing to global communication and scientific research. The Tiangong space station, a symbol of our ambition, is a testament to our dedication to space exploration.The journey of astronauts aboard the Shenzhou spacecraft is not only an adventure but also a symbol of human curiosity and the pursuit of knowledge. Their bravery and the nation's support inspire us to dream big and reach for the stars.Moreover, the Chang'e lunar exploration program has captivated the world's attention, as it seeks to unravel the mysteries of the moon. The successful landing of the Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon was a historic achievement.Educational initiatives have also been launched toinspire the younger generation. Students are encouraged to learn about space science, fostering a love for astronomy and a curiosity about the cosmos.The future holds endless possibilities for China's space endeavors. With ongoing missions and the development of new technologies, we are on the cusp of new discoveries that could change our understanding of the universe.In conclusion, the Chinese space program is a beacon of innovation and a driving force for scientific advancement. It is a field where dreams take flight, and where the sky is truly the limit.。
中国航天事业英语作文
中国航天事业英语作文【中英文版】The boundless expanse of space has always captivated the human imagination, and China"s aerospace industry is a testament to the nation"s relentless pursuit of celestial exploration.From the initial launches of the Long March rockets to the recent triumphs of the Tianwen-1 mission, China has etched its name in the annals of space history.中国浩瀚无垠的太空一直吸引着人类的想象力，而中国的航天事业正是国家不懈追求太空探索的明证。
从长征火箭的初次发射到天问一号任务的近期成功，中国已经将其名字镌刻在太空历史的篇章中。
In the realm of space technology, China has achieved remarkable milestones.The Shenzhou spacecraft, for instance, has successfully transported astronauts to the Tiangong space station, showcasing the nation"s advancements in human spaceflight capabilities.在太空技术领域，中国已经取得了举世瞩目的成就。
例如，神舟飞船成功将宇航员送入天宫空间站，展示了国家在载人航天能力方面的进步。
The Chinese space program, while rooted in national pride, also embodies a spirit of international cooperation.China"s participation in the construction of the International Space Station and its collaboration with various countries on space science research reflect a commitment to shared knowledge and peaceful utilization of outer space.中国的航天计划虽然源于民族自豪感，但也体现了国际合作的精神。
中国载人航天英语作文高中
中国载人航天英语作文高中The Chinese manned space program has been a remarkable journey, showcasing the nation's advancements in space exploration. It is a testament to the country's commitment to pushing the boundaries of human knowledge and technological innovation.From the first successful manned spaceflight in 2003 to the establishment of the Tiangong space station, China's space endeavors have been a source of national pride. The program has not only inspired a generation of scientists and engineers but also contributed to global space research and cooperation.The astronauts selected for these missions are rigorously trained, embodying the spirit of courage and dedication. Their stories of perseverance and success are a source of inspiration for young people, encouraging them to pursuetheir dreams and contribute to the future of space exploration.As China continues to expand its space capabilities, the world watches with anticipation. The country's achievements in space are a reminder of the limitless potential of human ingenuity. It is an era of exploration where the sky is no longer the limit, but rather the starting point for new discoveries and adventures.The future of China's space program is bright, with plans for lunar missions and deep space exploration. It is a time of great excitement and anticipation, as we look forward to the next chapter in this extraordinary saga of human achievement. The stars may be far, but with determination and innovation, they are within reach.。
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Mars probe Program:
• Yinghuo-1: Yinghuo-1 and the Russian Fobos-Grunt spacecraft were launched together from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 8 November 2011.Shortly after launch, however, the probe was lost because of the launch and orbital burn failure。 • Our own Mars probe satellite will be launched in 2018,including orbit and Mars rover .(轨道与巡视器）
(biding)
CZ-4A
CZ-4B
FB-1
Satellite Launch Centers
The PRC operates 4 Satellite Launch Centers: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Xichang Satellite Launch Center Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center Wenchang Satellite Launch Center
Satelite
★Scientific satellite: This kind of satelites are named after Shi Jian-n series. There have been 6 Practice series satelites were launched into space since March 1971 to May 1999, which were used to detect and test the space environment.
★Technological experiment satellite: Chinese satelite started after technological experiment satellite. In 1970, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰsatelite which belongs to the technological experiment satellite family were launched successfully. It’s the first satelite in China. The first recoverable satellite in 1975 was also a technological experiment satellite.
Lunar Exploration Program:
First phase lunar program (嫦娥-1 工程) — launched in 2007 with CZ-3A: two unmanned lunar orbital probes Second phase lunar program (嫦娥-2 工程)—launched in 2010 with CZ-3/E: first Moon landing of a couple of rovers Third phase lunar program (嫦娥-3 工程) —launched in 2013 with CZ-3/B+: automated Moon landing and return sample Fourth phase lunar program (嫦娥-4 工程) — to be launched in 2015 with CZ7: directly come back from deep space orbit of moon(首次试验从月球深空轨 道直接返回) Fifth phase lunar program (嫦娥-5 工程) — to be launched in 2018 with CZ-5: get the sample back and test complicated science— technology of taking sample, rising ,docking and coming back.(月球取样返回，它要面对取样、上 升、对接和高速再入等四个主要技术难题)
Shenzhou 1
Shenzhou 2
Shenzhou series
Shenzhou 3 Shenzhou 4
Shenzhou 5
Shenzhou 6
Shenzhou 7
Shenzhou 8
Shenzhou 9
Shenzhou 10
Space station
China was on the threshold of it’s space station program. Recently China launched its first target spacecraft – Tiangong-1 on September 29, 2011. It is designed that Shenzhou 8 which was launched in November in 2011, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 docked with it during next two year. The launching of Tiangong-1 marked that China has had the ability to set up it’s own preliminary space station. Tiangong 2 and tiangong 3 will be launched before 2015, and according to the Chinese space program, China will have a real space station around 2020.
Shenzhou 5 – October 15, 2003 – 14 Earth orbits carrying Yang Liwei. China became the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight capability after the Soviet Union (later, Russia) and the United States. Shenzhou 6 – October 12, 2005 – five day mission with Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng Shenzhou 7 – September 25, 2008 – three man crew with Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, and Jing Haipeng; spacewalk performed by two crew members Shenzhou 8 – November 1,2011— unmanned mission, rendezvoused and successfully docked with Tiangong 1 twice on November 3 and November 14. Shenzhou 9 —June 16，2012 —two male astronaut : ,one female astronaut . Shenzhou 9 spacecraft docked with the Tiangong 1 space station. Shenzhou 10—June 11 ，2013—two male astronaut : ,one female astronaut. The mission was to enhance the skill of docking
★Applied satellite: Most satelites launched in China are applied satelites. They include meteorological satellite, communication satellite, earth resources satellite and so on.
SPACE TRAVEL
——Chinese Space Program
Chinese Space • Space probe • Manned space flight • Space station • Manned lunar-probe • Mars probe
Shenzhou 2 – January 9, 2001 – carried animals
Shenzhou 3 – March 25, 2002 – carried a test dummy Shenzhou 4 – December 29, 2002 – carried a test dummy and several science experiments
CZ-1 series: launching small size satelite.
CZ-2 series: launching LEO or GTO satelite and spacecraft.
CZ-3 series: using hydrogenoxygen burning engine; launching HEO communication satelite.
SJ-1 SJ-5
SJ-2
Shi Jian series satelite
SJ-4
First satelite in China
Dong Fang HongⅠ April 24, 1970
FY-1
Zi Yuan-1-01
Zhong Xing-22
Launch vehicle