医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译

医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体actin 肌动蛋白actin filament 肌动蛋白丝actinomycin D 放线菌素D activator 活化物active transport 主动运输adenine 腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP 腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC 腺苷酸环化酶adhesion plaque 黏着斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum 无颗粒内质网Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病amino acid 氨基酸aminoacyl site, A site 氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division 无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathic molecule 双型性分子anaphase 后期anchoring junction 锚定连接annular granule 孔环颗粒anticoding strand 反编码链antigen 抗原antiparallel 逆平行性apoptic body 凋亡小体apoptosis 凋亡assembly 组装aster 星体asymmetry 不对称性autolysis 自溶作用autophagolysosome 自噬性溶酶体autophagy 自噬作用autoradiography 放射自显影技术autosome 常染色体B lymphocyte B淋巴细胞bacteria 细菌base substitution 碱基替换belt desmosome 带状桥粒bioblast 生命小体biological macromolecule 生物大分子biomembrane 生物膜biotechnology 生物技术bivalent 二价体breakage 断裂cadherin 钙粘连素calmodulin, CaM 钙调蛋白cAMP 环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase 环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carrier protein 载体蛋白cat cry syndrome 猫叫综合症cell division cycle gene CDC基因cell 细胞cell and molecular biology 细胞分子生物学cell biology 细胞生物学cell coat; glycocalyx 细胞衣；糖萼cell culture 细胞培养cell cycle 细胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein 细胞周期调节蛋白cell cycle time 细胞周期时间cell determination 细胞决定cell differentiation 细胞分化cell division cycle, CDC 细胞分裂周期cell division cycle gene, CDC gene 细胞分裂周期基因cell engineering 细胞工程cell fractionation 细胞分级分离cell fusion 细胞融合cell junction 细胞连接cell line 细胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane 细胞膜；质膜cell plate 细胞板cell proliferation 细胞增殖cell recognition 细胞识别cell surface antigen 细胞表面抗原cell theory 细胞学说cell strain 细胞株cell aging 细胞衰老cell synchronization 细胞同步化cellular oxidation 细胞氧化cellular respiration 细胞呼吸central granule 中央颗粒centromere 着丝粒chalone 抑素channel protein 通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chiasmata 交叉cholesterol 胆固醇chromatid 染色单体chromatin 染色质chromomere 染色粒chromosome 染色体chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome banding 染色体带chromosome disease 染色体病chromosome engineering 染色体工程chromosome scaffold 染色体支架chromosome syndrome 染色体综合症cis Golgi network cisterna（pl. cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin 笼蛋白clone 克隆coated pit 有被小窝coated vesicle 包被小泡coding strand 编码链codon 密码子codon degeneracy 密码子兼并性coenzyme 辅酶collagenfibronectin, FN 纤连蛋白communication junction 通讯连接complementation 互补性condensation stage 凝集期confocal laser scanning microscope 共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin 连接子constitutive heterochromatin 结构异染色质continuous microtubules 极微管converting enzyme 转变酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin 细胞周期素cydoeximide 放线菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP 胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis 细胞质分裂cytology 细胞学cytoplasm 细胞质cytoplasm engineering 细胞质工程cytoplasm substitution 细胞质代换cytoplasmic plaque 胞质斑cytoskeleton 细胞骨架dark field microscope 暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation 去分化degeneracy 兼并deletion 缺失density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP 脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP 脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP 脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP 脱氧胸苷酸desmosome 桥粒diakinesis 终变期differential centrifugation 差速离心differential expression 差异性表达differentiation induction 分化诱导differentiation inhibition 分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia 肺炎双球菌diplotene 双线期disassembly 去组装DNA probe DNA探针DNA synthesis phase DNA合成期dosage compensation 剂量补偿doublet 二联管duplication 重复effector 效应器electric coupling 电偶联electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary particle 基粒eletronfusion 电融合elongation factor, EF 延长因子embryonic induction 胚胎诱导作用endocytosis 内吞作用endolysosome 内体性溶酶体endomembrane system 内膜系统endoplasmic reticulum, ER 内质网enhancer 增强子enzyme 酶equatorial plane 赤道面eucaryotes 真核生物euchromatin 常染色质eukaryotic cell 真核细胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon 外显子extracellular matrix, ECM 细胞外基质extrinsic; peripheral protein 外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body 荧光小体facilitated diffusion 易化扩散facultative heterochromatin 兼性异染色质fibrillar component 原纤维成分fibronectin, FN 纤粘连蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin 纤维状肌动蛋白flanking sequence 侧翼顺序fluid mosaic model 液态镶嵌模型fluorescence microscope 荧光显微镜fluorescence recovery after荧光漂白恢复photobleaching, FRAPfork-initiation protein 叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation 移码突变free cell 游离细胞free diffusion 自由扩散free energy 自由能galactocerebroside 半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside 神经节苷脂gap junction 间隙连接gene 基因gene cluster 基因簇gene engineering 基因工程gene expression 基因表达gene family 基因家族gene mutation 基因突变genetic code 遗传密码genetic message 遗传信息genome 基因组genome engineering 染色体工程genomic DNA library 基因组DNA文库glycogen storage disease typeⅡⅡ型糖原蓄积病glycolipid 糖脂glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG 氨基聚糖glycosylation 糖基化Golgi apparatus 高尔基器Golgi body 高尔基体Golgi complex 高尔基复合体granular component 颗粒成分granular drop 脱粒granular endoplasmic reticulum 颗粒内质网growth factor 生长因子GT-AG rule GT-AG法则guanine 鸟嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP 鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome 半桥粒hereditary factor 遗传因子heterochromatin 异染色质heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA 不均一核RNA heterokaryon 异核体heterophagolysosome 异噬性溶酶体heterophagy 异噬作用heteropyknosis 异固缩highly repetitive sequence 高度重复序列histone 组蛋白holoenzyme 全酶homokaryon 同核体housekeeping gene 管家基因housekeeping protein 管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA 人白细胞抗原hyaluronic acid, HA 透明质酸hybrid cell 杂交细胞hyperdiploid 超二倍体hypodiploid 亚二倍体immunofluorescence microscopy 免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白in vitro 离体的in vivo 体内的inactive X hypothesis 失活X假说inborn errors of metabolism 先天性代谢缺陷病inducer 诱导物induction 诱导inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF 有丝分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF 起始因子inner membrane 内膜inner nuclear membrane 内层核膜insertion sequence, IS 插入顺序Integral protein 整合蛋白integrin 整连蛋白inter membrane space; outer chamber 膜间腔；外室intercellular communication 细胞间通讯intercristal space; inner chamber 嵴间腔；内室intermediate filament 中间纤维internal membrane 内膜internal reticular apparatus 内网器interphase 间期interstitial deletion 中间缺失interzonal microtubules 区间微管intracristal space 嵴内腔intra-nucleolar chromatin 核仁内染色质intrinsic; integral protein 内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron 内含子inversion 倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重复顺序ionic channel 离子通道ionic coupling 离子偶联jumping gene 跳跃基因karyotype 核型kinetochore 着丝点kinetochore microtubules 动粒微管Klinefelter’s syndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症lagging strand 后随链laminin, LN 层粘连蛋白lateral diffusion 侧向扩散leading strand 前导链leptotene 细线期ligand; chemical signal 配体；化学信号light microscope 光学显微镜linear polymer 线性多聚体linker 连接线liposome 脂质体liquid crystal 液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL 低密度脂蛋白luxury gene 奢侈基因luxury protein 奢侈蛋白lymphokine 淋巴激活素lymphotoxin 淋巴毒素lysosome 溶酶体major histocompatibility complex, MHC 组织相容性复合体malignancy 恶性matrical granule 基质颗粒matrix 基质matrix fibronectin, mFN 基质纤连蛋白maturation-prompting factor, MPF 成熟促进因子medial Golgi stack 高尔基中间囊膜meiosis 减数分裂membrane antigen 膜抗原membrane carbohydrate 膜碳水化合物membrane flow 膜流membrane lipid 膜脂membrane protein 膜蛋白membrane receptor 膜受体membranous structure 膜相结构messenger RNA 信使核糖核酸mesosome 中间体metabolic coupling 代谢偶联metacentric chromosome 中央着丝粒染色体metaphase 中期micelle 微团microfilament 微丝microscopy 显微镜技术microsome 微粒体microtrabecular lattice 微梁网格microtubule 微管microtubule associated protein, MAP 微管结合蛋白microtubule organizing centers, MTOC 微管组织中心microvillus 微绒毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重复序列miniband 微带missense mutation 错义突变mitochondria 线粒体mitosis 有丝分裂mitosis phase 有丝分裂期mitotic apparatus 有丝分裂器mitotic factor, MF 有丝分裂因子mobility 流动性model for controlling gene expression 基因表达调控模型molecular biology 分子生物学molecular disease 分子病monopotent cell 单能细胞monosomy 单体性multiple coiling model 多级螺旋模型multipotent cell 多能细胞myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力症mycoplasma 支原体myofibrils 肌原纤维necrosis 坏死neuropeptide 神经肽non-continuation 不连续性non-histone 非组蛋白non-membranous structure 非膜相结构nonsense mutation 无义突变nuclear envelope 核被膜nuclear lamina 核纤层nuclear matrix 核基质nuclear pore 核孔nuclear pore complex 核孔复合体nuclear sap 核液nuclear sex 核性别nuclear skeleton 核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization 核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio 核质比nucleoid 类核体nucleoids 拟核nucleolar associated chromatin 核仁相随染色质nucleolar organizing region 核仁组织区nucleolus 核仁nucleosome 核小体nucleotide 核苷酸nucleosome core 核小体核心nucleus 细胞核nucleus transplantation 核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid 核质杂种Okazaki fragment 岗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN 寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene 癌基因operator gene 操纵基因operon 操纵子operon theory 操纵子学说organelle 细胞器origin 起点outer membrane 外膜outer nuclear membrane 外层核膜overlapping gene 重叠基因oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗线期pairing stage 配对期partial monosome 部分单体partial trisomy 部分三体passive transport 被动运输patching 成斑现象peptide bond 肽键peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位perinuclear space 核间隙perinucleolar chromatin 核仁周围染色质peripheral granule 周边颗粒peripheral protein 外周蛋白permeability 通透性peroxisome; microbody 过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis 吞噬作用phagolysosome 吞噬性溶酶体phagosome 自噬体phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH 苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria, PKU 苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol, PL 磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond 磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase, PDE 磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride 磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC 磷脂酶C phospholipid 磷脂pinocytosis 胞饮作用pinocytotic vesicle 吞饮泡plasma cell 浆细胞plasma fibronectin, pFN 血浆纤连蛋白plasmid 质粒point mutation 点突变polar microtubule 极间微管polarizing microscope 偏光显微镜polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸反应polyploid 多倍体polyribosome 多聚核糖体premature condensed chromosome, PCC 早熟染色体premeiosis interphase 减数分裂前间期primary constriction 主缢痕primary culture 原代培养primary culture cell 原代细胞programmed cell death 细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes 原核生物prokaryotic cell 原核细胞promotor 启动子promotor gene 启动基因prophase 前期protein 蛋白质protein kinase C, PKC 蛋白激酶C proteoglycan, PG 蛋白聚糖protofilament 原纤维protooncogene 原癌基因protoplasm 原生质purine 嘌呤碱pyrimidine 嘧啶碱receptor mediated endocytosis 受体介导的内吞作用reciprocal translocation 相互易位recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术recombination nodules 重组小节recombination stage 重组期recondensation stage 再凝集期redifferentiation 再分化regulator gene 调节基因release factor, RF 释放因子replication 复制replication eyes 复制眼replication fork 复制叉replicon 复制子repressor 阻碍物resolving power 分辨力residual body 残体respiratory chain 呼吸链restriction endonuclease 限制性内切核酸酶restriction point 限制点reverse transcription 逆转录rho factor, ρρ因子ribonucleic acid, RNA 核糖核酸ribophorin 核糖体结合蛋白ribosomal RNA 核糖体核糖核酸ribosome 核糖核蛋白体RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶rough endoplasmic reticulum, rER sac 粗面内质网扁平囊same sense mutation 同义突变sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌质网satellite 随体scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜secondary constriction 次缢痕secondary culture 传代培养semiautonomous organelle 半自主性的细胞器semiconservative replication 半保留复制semidiscontinuous replication 半不连续复制sensor 感受器sequential expression 顺序表达sex chromosome 性染色体signal codon 信号密码子signal hypothesis 信号肽假说signal molecule 信号分子signal peptide 信号肽signal recognition particle, SPR 信号识别颗粒simple diffusion 简单扩散single sequence 单一序列single-stranded DNA binding protein 单链DNA结合蛋白singlet 单管small nuclear RNA, snRNA 小分子细胞核RNA smooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER 滑面内质网solenoid 螺线管sparsomycin 稀疏酶素sphingomyelin 神经鞘磷脂spindle 纺锤体splicing 剪接split gene 断裂基因start codon 起始密码子stem cell 干细胞stress fiber 张力基因structural gene 结构基因submetacentric chromosome 亚中着丝粒染色体supersolenoid 超螺线管suppressor tRNA 校正tRNA synapsis 联会synaptonemal complex 联会复合体synkaryon 合核体synonymous codon 同义密码子synonymous mutation 同义突变T lymphocyte T淋巴细胞tailing 加尾telomere 端粒telophase 末期terminal deletion 末端缺失terminalization 端化terminator 终止子tetrad 四分体tetraploid 四倍体thymine 胸腺嘧啶three dimensional structure,3D 三维结构tight junction 紧密连接tissue cell 组织细胞tissue engineering 组织工程totipotency 全能性trans Golgi network 反面高尔基网状结构transcribed spacer 转录间隔区transcription 转录transdifferentiation 转分化transfer RNA 转运核糖核酸transformation 转化transition 转换translation 翻译translocation 易位transport protein 运输蛋白transposition 转座transversion 颠换transmission electron microscope 透视电子显微镜tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环trigger protein 触发蛋白triplet 三联管triploid 三倍体triskelion 三臂蛋白trisomy 三体tubulin 微管蛋白tumor necrosis factor 肿瘤坏死因子Turner’s syndrome先天性卵巢发育不全症tyrosinase, TN 酪氨酸酶ultravoltage electron microscope 超高压电子显微镜unit membrane 单位膜untranscribed spacer 非转录间隔区unwinding protein 解链蛋白uracil 尿嘧啶uridine monophosphate, UMP vacuole 尿苷一磷酸；尿苷酸大囊泡vector vesicle 载体小囊泡vinculin 粘着斑连接蛋白wobble hypothesis 摇摆学说X chromatin X染色质Y chromatin Y染色质zygotene 偶线期。