2017徐汇区二模试卷
2017年上海市徐汇区中考二模试卷(含答案)
2016学年第二学期徐汇区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）II. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26.Which of the following words matches the sound /nju:/?A. nowB. norC. newD. near27. Brooklyn Beckham, ______ eldest child of the Beckhams, will sell his photo book in May, 2017.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. Nobody can stop a person with a strong will _______ realizing his dreams.A. ofB. fromC. withD. by29. If they don’t prepare _______ well for the interview, they may fail to get the offer.A. theyB. themC. theirsD. themselves30. When Frank complained about the cold winter, Jane ________ the sunny summer days in Australia.A. enjoysB. was enjoyingC. has enjoyedD. will enjoy31. Joe can only take two of his family members into the studio and leave ______ waiting outside.A. the othersB. othersC. otherD. the other32. _______ the end of yesterday, there had been more than 10 car accidents because of the typhoon.A. ByB. FromC.AtD. To33. The old ______ enjoy the convenience of technologies because they don’t accept new things qui ckly.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t34. The panda _____ to get used to the new environment since he returned from America.A. learnsB. is learningC. learnedD. has learnt35. The audience were attracted by ________ the stories and the reading at the new program “Readers”.A. bothB. neitherC. eitherD. none36. After the operation on Grandma’s heart, she becomes much ______ at present.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best37. Every picture in the coloring book Secret Garden was not drawn by computer ______ all by hand.A. andB. soC. butD. or38. The year’s best picture was wrongly awarded to La La Land, which ______ never ______ before.A. would…happenB. was…happeningC. has…happenedD. had…happened39. A：________can we get the chance to join the party?B：To join this party, you have to dress up like a Superhero.A. WhyB. WhatC. HowD. Where40. Jenny is an independent girl and she is considering ______ a boarding school（寄宿学校）.A. enterB. enteringC. to enterD. entered41. Every Monday morning all the staff members have a meeting to report their recent work, _____?A. haven’t theyB. don’t theyC. aren’t theyD. won’t they42. Alex had no interest in painting _______ he met a creative and patient art teacher one day.A. whenB. becauseC. untilD. if43. _______ good chance those teenagers were given to experience different cultures!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an44. A：The dishes you cooked tonight are really delicious.B：__________A. Of course!B. I’m glad you like them !C. That’s all right!D. Never mind!45. A：Excuse me, can I ask you some questions about the changes in Shanghai?B：_________A. Sure, go ahead!B. Congratulations！C. I’m so sorry!D. Nice to meet you!Ⅲ.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海市徐汇区2017年中考数学二模试卷(含解析)
2017年上海市徐汇区中考数学二模试卷一、选择题（本大题共6题.每题4分.满分24分）【下列各题的四个选项中.有且只有一个选项是正确的】1．如果数轴上表示2和﹣4的两点分别是点A和点B.那么点A和点B之间的距离是（）A．﹣2 B．2 C．﹣6 D．6．2．已知点M（1﹣2m.m﹣1）在第四象限内.那么m的取值范围是（）A．m＞1 B．m＜C．＜m＜1 D．m＜或m＞13．如图.AB∥CD.BE平分∠ABC.∠C=36°.那么∠ABE的大小是（）A．18° B．24° C．36° D．54°．4．已知直线y=ax+b（a≠0）经过点A（﹣3.0）和点B（0.2）.那么关于x的方程ax+b=0的解是（）A．x=﹣3 B．x=﹣1 C．x=0 D．x=25．某校开展“阅读季”活动.小明调查了班级里40名同学计划购书的花费情况.并将结果绘制成如图所示的条形统计图.根据图中相关信息.这次调查获取的样本数据的众数和中位数分别是（）A．12和10 B．30和50 C．10和12 D．50和30．6．如图.在△ABC中.AC=BC.点D、E分别是边AB、AC的中点.延长DE到F.使得EF=DE.那么四边形ADCF是（）A．等腰梯形 B．直角梯形 C．矩形 D．菱形二、填空题（本大题共12题.每题4分.满分48分）7．人体中成熟的红细胞的平均直径为0.0000077m.0.0000077用科学记数法表示为．8．方程=的解是．9．如果反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象经过点P（﹣1.4）.那么k的范围是．10．如果关于x的方程x2+3x﹣k=0有两个不相等的实数根.那么k的取值范围是．11．将抛物线y=x2﹣2x+1向上平移2个单位后.所得抛物线的顶点坐标是．12．在实数.π.3°.tan60°.2中.随机抽取一个数.抽得的数大于2的概率是．13．甲.乙.丙.丁四名跳高运动员赛前几次选拔赛成绩如表所示.根据表中的信息.如果要从中.选择一名成绩好又发挥稳定的运动员参加比赛.那么应选．甲乙丙丁平均数（cm）185 180 185 180 方差 3.6 3.6 7.9 8.214．如果t是方程x2﹣2x﹣1=0的根.那么代数式2t2﹣4t的值是．15．如图.四边形DEFG是△ABC的内接矩形.其中D、G分别在边AB.AC上.点E、F在边BC上.DG=2DE.AH 是△ABC的高.BC=20.AH=15.那么矩形DEFG的周长是．16．如图.在平行四边形ABCD中.AE⊥CD.垂足为E.AF⊥BC.垂足为F.AD=4.BF=3.∠EAF=60°.设=.如果向量=k（k≠0）.那么k的值是．17．如图.在△ABC中.AD平分∠BAC交边BC于点D.BD=AD.AB=3.AC=2.那么AD的长是．18．如图.在△ABC中.∠ACB=α（90°＜α＜180°）.将△ABC绕着点A逆时针旋转2β（0°＜β＜90°）后得△AED.其中点E、D分别和点B、C对应.联结CD.如果CD⊥ED.请写出一个关于α与β的等量关系的式子．三、（本大题共7题.第19-22题每题10分；第23、24每题12分；第25题14分；满分78分）19．先化简.再求值：÷﹣（其中a=）20．解方程组：．21．某足球特色学校在商场购买甲、乙两种品牌的足球．已知乙种足球比甲种足球每只贵20元.该校分别花费2000元、1400元购买甲、乙两种足球.这样购得甲种足球的数量是购得乙种足球数量的2倍.求甲、乙两种足球的单价各是多少元？22．如图.已知梯形ABCD中.ADǁBC.AC、BD相交于点O.AB⊥AC.AD=CD.AB=3.BC=5．求：（1）tan∠ACD的值；（2）梯形ABCD的面积．23．如图1.在Rt△ABC中.∠ACB=90°.点D是边AB的中点.点E在边BC上.AE=BE.点M是AE的中点.联结CM.点G在线段CM上.作∠GDN=∠AEB交边BC于N．（1）如图2.当点G和点M重合时.求证：四边形DMEN是菱形；（2）如图1.当点G和点M、C不重合时.求证：DG=DN．24．如图.已知抛物线y=ax2+4（a≠0）与x轴交于点A和点B（2.0）.与y轴交于点C.点D是抛物线在第一象限的点．（1）当△ABD的面积为4时.①求点D的坐标；②联结OD.点M是抛物线上的点.且∠MDO=∠BOD.求点M的坐标；（2）直线BD、AD分别与y轴交于点E、F.那么OE+OF的值是否变化.请说明理由．25．如图.已知△ABC中.AB=AC=5.BC=6.点O是边BC上的动点.以点O为圆心.OB为半径作圆O.交AB 边于点D.过点D作∠ODP=∠B.交边AC于点P.交圆O与点E．设OB=x．（1）当点P与点C重合时.求PD的长；（2）设AP﹣EP=y.求y关于x的解析式及定义域；（3）联结OP.当OP⊥OD时.试判断以点P为圆心.PC为半径的圆P与圆O的位置关系．2017年上海市徐汇区中考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题共6题.每题4分.满分24分）【下列各题的四个选项中.有且只有一个选项是正确的】1．如果数轴上表示2和﹣4的两点分别是点A和点B.那么点A和点B之间的距离是（）A．﹣2 B．2 C．﹣6 D．6．【考点】13：数轴．【分析】本题可以采用两种方法：（1）在数轴上直接数出表示﹣4和表示2的两点之间的距离．（2）用较大的数减去较小的数．【解答】解：根据较大的数减去较小的数得：2﹣（﹣4）=6.故选D．【点评】本题考查了数轴.掌握数轴上两点间的距离的计算方法是解题的关键．2．已知点M（1﹣2m.m﹣1）在第四象限内.那么m的取值范围是（）A．m＞1 B．m＜C．＜m＜1 D．m＜或m＞1【考点】CB：解一元一次不等式组；D1：点的坐标．【分析】根据坐标系内点的横纵坐标符号特点列出关于m的不等式组求解可得．【解答】解：根据题意.可得：.解不等式①.得：m＜.解不等式②.得：m＜1.∴m＜.故选：B．【点评】本题考查的是解一元一次不等式组.正确求出每一个不等式解集是基础.熟知“同大取大；同小取小；大小小大中间找；大大小小找不到”的原则是解答此题的关键．3．如图.AB∥CD.BE平分∠ABC.∠C=36°.那么∠ABE的大小是（）A．18° B．24° C．36° D．54°．【考点】JA：平行线的性质；IJ：角平分线的定义．【分析】先根据平行线的性质.得出∠ABC=36°.再根据BE平分∠ABC.即可得出∠ABE=∠ABC．【解答】解：∵AB∥CD.∠C=36°.∴∠ABC=36°.又∵BE平分∠ABC.∴∠ABE=∠ABC=18°.故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查了平行线的性质.解题时注意：两直线平行.内错角相等．4．已知直线y=ax+b（a≠0）经过点A（﹣3.0）和点B（0.2）.那么关于x的方程ax+b=0的解是（）A．x=﹣3 B．x=﹣1 C．x=0 D．x=2【考点】FC：一次函数与一元一次方程．【分析】直线y=ax+b与x轴交点的横坐标的值即为关于x的方程ax+b=0的解．【解答】解：∵直线y=ax+b（a≠0）经过点A（﹣3.0）.∴关于x的方程ax+b=0的解是x=﹣3．故选A．【点评】本题本题主要考查了一次函数与一元一次方程的关系．任何一元一次方程都可以转化为ax+b=0 （a.b为常数.a≠0）的形式.所以解一元一次方程可以转化为：当某个一次函数的值为0时.求相应的自变量的值．从图象上看.相当于已知直线y=ax+b确定它与x轴的交点的横坐标的值．5．某校开展“阅读季”活动.小明调查了班级里40名同学计划购书的花费情况.并将结果绘制成如图所示的条形统计图.根据图中相关信息.这次调查获取的样本数据的众数和中位数分别是（）A．12和10 B．30和50 C．10和12 D．50和30．【考点】VC：条形统计图；W4：中位数；W5：众数．【分析】众数就是出现次数最多的数.据此即可判断.中位数就是大小处于中间位置的数.根据定义判断．【解答】解：这组数据中30元出现次数最多.故众数是：30元；40个数据中位数是第20个数据50元与第21个数据50元的平均数.故中位数是：50元．故选B．【点评】本题考查的是条形统计图和扇形统计图的综合运用.读懂统计图.从不同的统计图中得到必要的信息是解决问题的关键．条形统计图能清楚地表示出每个项目的数据．6．如图.在△ABC中.AC=BC.点D、E分别是边AB、AC的中点.延长DE到F.使得EF=DE.那么四边形ADCF是（）A．等腰梯形 B．直角梯形 C．矩形 D．菱形【考点】LI：直角梯形；L9：菱形的判定；LC：矩形的判定．【分析】先证明四边形ADCF是平行四边形.再证明AC=DF即可．【解答】解：∵E是AC中点.∴AE=EC.∵DE=EF.∴四边形ADCF是平行四边形.∵AD=DB.AE=EC.∴DE=BC.∴DF=BC.∵CA=CB.∴AC=DF.∴四边形ADCF是矩形；故选：C．【点评】本题考查了矩形的判定、等腰三角形的性质、平行四边形的判定、三角形中位线定理；熟记对角线相等的平行四边形是矩形是解决问题的关键．二、填空题（本大题共12题.每题4分.满分48分）7．人体中成熟的红细胞的平均直径为0.0000077m.0.0000077用科学记数法表示为7.7×10﹣6．【考点】1J：科学记数法—表示较小的数．【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示.一般形式为a×10﹣n.与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂.指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．【解答】解：0.0000077=7.7×10﹣6.故答案为：7.7×10﹣6．【点评】本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数.一般形式为a×10﹣n.其中1≤|a|＜10.n为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．8．方程=的解是x1=2.x2=﹣1 ．【考点】AG：无理方程．【分析】将方程两边平方整理得到关于x的一元二次方程.然后求解即可．【解答】解：方程两边平方得.x2﹣x=2.整理得.x2﹣x﹣2=0.解得x1=2.x2=﹣1.经检验.x1=2.x2=﹣1都是原方程的根.所以.方程的解是x1=2.x2=﹣1．故答案为：x1=2.x2=﹣1．【点评】本题主要考查解无理方程的知识点.去掉根号把无理式化成有理方程是解题的关键.注意观察方程的结构特点.把无理方程转化成一元二次方程的形式进行解答.需要同学们仔细掌握．9．如果反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象经过点P（﹣1.4）.那么k的范围是﹣4 ．【考点】G6：反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征．【分析】直接把点P（﹣1.4）代入反比例函数y=（k≠0）.求出k的值即可．【解答】解：∵反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象经过点P（﹣1.4）.∴4=.解得k=﹣4．故答案为：﹣4．【点评】本题考查的是反比例函数图象上点的坐标特点.熟知反比例函数图象上各点的坐标一定适合此函数的解析式是解答此题的关键．10．如果关于x的方程x2+3x﹣k=0有两个不相等的实数根.那么k的取值范围是k＞﹣．【考点】AA：根的判别式．【专题】11 ：计算题．【分析】利用判别式的意义得到△=32﹣4（﹣k）＞0.然后解不等式即可．【解答】解：根据题意得△=32﹣4（﹣k）＞0.解得k＞﹣．故答案为k＞﹣．【点评】本题考查了根的判别式：一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0（a≠0）的根与△=b2﹣4ac有如下关系：当△＞0时.方程有两个不相等的两个实数根；当△=0时.方程有两个相等的两个实数根；当△＜0时.方程无实数根．11．将抛物线y=x2﹣2x+1向上平移2个单位后.所得抛物线的顶点坐标是（1.2）．【考点】H6：二次函数图象与几何变换．【分析】根据配方法先化为顶点式.再根据上加下减左加右减的原则得出解析式.最后确定顶点坐标即可．【解答】解：y=x2﹣2x+1=（x﹣1）2.平移后的解析式为y=（x﹣1）2+2.∴顶点的坐标为（1.2）.故答案为（1.2）．【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象与几何变换.掌握用配方法把一般式化为顶点式以及顶点坐标的求法是解题的关键．12．在实数.π.3°.tan60°.2中.随机抽取一个数.抽得的数大于2的概率是．【考点】X4：概率公式．【分析】先找出大于2的数.再根据概率公式即可得出答案．【解答】解：在实数.π.3°.tan60°.2中.大于2的数有.π.则抽得的数大于2的概率是；故答案为：．【点评】本题考查了概率的知识．用到的知识点为：概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比．13．甲.乙.丙.丁四名跳高运动员赛前几次选拔赛成绩如表所示.根据表中的信息.如果要从中.选择一名成绩好又发挥稳定的运动员参加比赛.那么应选甲．甲乙丙丁平均数（cm）185 180 185 180 方差 3.6 3.6 7.9 8.2【考点】W7：方差；W2：加权平均数．【分析】先确定平均数较大的运动员.再选出方差较小的运动员．【解答】解：因为甲的平均数较大.且甲的方差较小.比较稳定.所以选择甲参加比赛．故答案为：甲．【点评】本题考查了方差：方差是反映一组数据的波动大小的一个量．方差越大.则平均值的离散程度越大.稳定性也越小；反之.则它与其平均值的离散程度越小.稳定性越好14．如果t是方程x2﹣2x﹣1=0的根.那么代数式2t2﹣4t的值是 2 ．【考点】A3：一元二次方程的解．【专题】11 ：计算题．【分析】根据一元二次方程的解的定义得到t2﹣2t﹣1=0.则t2﹣2t=1.然后利用整体代入的方法计算代数式2t2﹣4t的值．【解答】解：当x=t时.t2﹣2t﹣1=0.则t2﹣2t=1.所以2t2﹣4t=2（t2﹣2t）=2．故答案为2．【点评】本题考查了一元二次方程的解：能使一元二次方程左右两边相等的未知数的值是一元二次方程的解．15．如图.四边形DEFG是△ABC的内接矩形.其中D、G分别在边AB.AC上.点E、F在边BC上.DG=2DE.AH 是△ABC的高.BC=20.AH=15.那么矩形DEFG的周长是36 ．【考点】S9：相似三角形的判定与性质；LB：矩形的性质．【分析】根据相似三角形的判定和性质结论得到结论．【解答】解：∵DG∥BC.AH⊥BC.∴AH⊥DG.△ADG∽△ABC.∴.即.∴DE=6.∴DG=2DE=12.∴矩形DEFG的周长=2×（6+12）=36．故答案为：36．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质.矩形的性质.熟练掌握相似三角形的判定和性质是解题的关键．16．如图.在平行四边形ABCD中.AE⊥CD.垂足为E.AF⊥BC.垂足为F.AD=4.BF=3.∠EAF=60°.设=.如果向量=k（k≠0）.那么k的值是﹣．【考点】LM：*平面向量；L5：平行四边形的性质．【分析】根据AE⊥CD、AF⊥BC及∠EAF=60°可得∠C=120°.由平行四边形得出∠B=∠D=60°、AB ∥CD且AB=CD.利用三角函数求得DE=2、AB=6.CE=4.最后可得==﹣=﹣．【解答】解：∵AE⊥CD、AF⊥BC.∴∠AEC=∠AFC=90°.∵∠EAF=60°.∴∠C=360°﹣∠AEC﹣∠AFC=120°.∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形.∴∠B=∠D=60°.∴DE=ADcosD=4×=2.AB===6.则CE=CD﹣DE=AB﹣DE=6﹣2=4.∵AB∥CD.且AB=CD.∴==﹣=﹣=﹣.故答案为：﹣．【点评】本题主要考查四边形内角和、平行四边形的性质、三角函数的应用及平面向量的计算.熟练掌握平行四边形的性质是解题的关键．17．如图.在△ABC中.AD平分∠BAC交边BC于点D.BD=AD.AB=3.AC=2.那么AD的长是．【考点】S9：相似三角形的判定与性质．【分析】根据题意得到△ACD∽△BCA.然后根据题目中的数据即可求得AD的长．【解答】解：∵在△ABC中.AD平分∠BAC交边BC于点D.BD=AD.∴∠BAD=∠CAD.∠BAD=∠ABD.∴∠ABC=∠CAD.又∵∠ACD=∠BCA.∴△ACD∽△BCA.∴.∵BD=AD.AB=3.AC=2.∴.解得.AD=.CD=.故答案为：．【点评】本题考查相似三角形的判定与性质.解答本题的关键是明确题意.找出三角形相似的条件．18．如图.在△ABC中.∠ACB=α（90°＜α＜180°）.将△ABC绕着点A逆时针旋转2β（0°＜β＜90°）后得△AED.其中点E、D分别和点B、C对应.联结CD.如果CD⊥ED.请写出一个关于α与β的等量关系的式子α+β=180°．【考点】R2：旋转的性质；K7：三角形内角和定理；KH：等腰三角形的性质．【分析】先过A作AF⊥CD.根据旋转的性质.得出∠ADE=∠ACB=α.AC=AD.∠CAD=2β.再根据等腰三角形的性质.即可得到Rt△ADF中.∠DAF+∠ADF=β+α﹣90°=90°.据此可得α与β的等量关系．【解答】解：如图.过A作AF⊥CD.由旋转可得.∠ADE=∠ACB=α.∵CD⊥DE.∴∠ADC=α﹣90°.由旋转可得.AC=AD.∠CAD=2β.∴∠DAF=β.∴Rt△ADF中.∠DAF+∠ADF=90°.即β+α﹣90°=90°.∴α+β=180°．故答案为：α+β=180°．【点评】本题主要考查了旋转的性质.三角形内角和定理以及等腰三角形的性质的综合应用.解决问题的关键是作辅助线构造直角三角形.依据等腰三角形三线合一的性质进行计算．三、（本大题共7题.第19-22题每题10分；第23、24每题12分；第25题14分；满分78分）19．先化简.再求值：÷﹣（其中a=）【考点】6D：分式的化简求值．【分析】先算除法.再算减法.最后把a的值代入进行计算即可．【解答】解：原式=•﹣=（a﹣1）﹣3=a﹣1﹣3=a﹣4．当a=时.原式=﹣4=﹣3．【点评】本题考查的是分式的化简求值.此类题型的特点是：利用方程解的定义找到相等关系.再把所求的代数式化简后整理出所找到的相等关系的形式.再把此相等关系整体代入所求代数式.即可求出代数式的值．20．解方程组：．【考点】AF：高次方程．【分析】由②得出（2x﹣3y）2=16.求出2x﹣3y=±4.把原方程组转化成两个二元一次方程组.求出方程组的解即可．【解答】解：由②得：（2x﹣3y）2=16.2x﹣3y=±4.即原方程组化为和.解得：..即原方程组的解为：.．【点评】本题考查了解高次方程组.能把高次方程组转化成二元一次方程组是解此题的关键．21．某足球特色学校在商场购买甲、乙两种品牌的足球．已知乙种足球比甲种足球每只贵20元.该校分别花费2000元、1400元购买甲、乙两种足球.这样购得甲种足球的数量是购得乙种足球数量的2倍.求甲、乙两种足球的单价各是多少元？【考点】B7：分式方程的应用．【分析】设购买一个甲品牌的足球需x元.则购买一个乙品牌的足球需（x+20）元.根据购买甲种足球数量是购买乙种足球数量的2倍列出方程解答即可．【解答】解：（1）设购买一个甲种足球需要x元.=×2.解得.x=50.经检验.x=50是原分式方程的解.所以x+20=70（元）.答：购买一个甲种足球需50元.一个乙种足球需70元．【点评】本题考查分式方程的应用.关键是根据数量作为等量关系列出方程．22．如图.已知梯形ABCD中.ADǁBC.AC、BD相交于点O.AB⊥AC.AD=CD.AB=3.BC=5．求：（1）tan∠ACD的值；（2）梯形ABCD的面积．【考点】LH：梯形；T7：解直角三角形．【分析】（1）作DE∥AB交BC于E.交AC于M.证出DE⊥AC.由等腰三角形的性质得出AM=CM.证明四边形ABED是平行四边形.得出DE=AB=3.在Rt△ABC中.由勾股定理求出AC=4.得出AM=CM=2.由平行线分线段成比例定理得出DM=EM=DE=.即可求出tan∠ACD==；（2）梯形ABCD的面积=△ABC的面积+△ACD的面积.即可得出答案．【解答】解：（1）作DE∥AB交BC于E.交AC于M.如图所示：∵AB⊥AC.DE∥AB.∴DE⊥AC.∵AD=CD.∴AM=CM.∵AD∥BC.DE∥AB.∴四边形ABED是平行四边形.∴DE=AB=3.在Rt△ABC中.AC===4.∴AM=CM=2.∵AD∥BC.∴DM：EM=AM：CM=1：1.∴DM=EM=DE=.∴tan∠ACD===；（2）梯形ABCD的面积=△ABC的面积+△ACD的面积=×3×4+×4×=9．【点评】本题考查了梯形的性质、等腰三角形的性质、勾股定理、平行线的性质、平行线分线段成比例定理、梯形和三角形面积的计算等知识；本题综合性强.有一定难度．23．如图1.在Rt△ABC中.∠ACB=90°.点D是边AB的中点.点E在边BC上.AE=BE.点M是AE的中点.联结CM.点G在线段CM上.作∠GDN=∠AEB交边BC于N．（1）如图2.当点G和点M重合时.求证：四边形DMEN是菱形；（2）如图1.当点G和点M、C不重合时.求证：DG=DN．【考点】LA：菱形的判定与性质．【分析】（1）如图2中.首先证明四边形DMEN是平行四边形.再证明ME=MD即可证明．（2）如图1中.取BE的中点F.连接DM、DF．只要证明△DMG≌△DFN即可．【解答】证明：（1）如图2中.∵AM=ME．AD=DB.∴DM∥BE.∴∠GDN+∠DNE=180°.∵∠GDN=∠AEB.∴∠AEB+∠DNE=180°.∴AE∥DN.∴四边形DMEN是平行四边形.∵DM=BE.EM=AE.AE=BE.∴DM=EM.∴四边形DMEN是菱形．（2）如图1中.取BE的中点F.连接DM、DF．由（1）可知四边形EMDF是菱形.∴∠AEB=∠MDF.DM=DF.∴∠GDN=∠AEB.∴∠MDF=∠GDN.∴∠MDG=∠FDN.∵∠DFN=∠AEB=∠MCE.∠GMD=∠EMD+∠CME.、在Rt△ACE中.∵AM=ME.∴CM=ME.∴∠MCE=∠CEM=∠EMD.∴∠DMG=∠DFN.∴△DMG≌△DFN.∴DG=DN．【点评】本题考查菱形的判定和性质、全等三角形的判定和性质、直角三角形斜边中线定理等知识.解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线.构造全等三角形解决问题.属于中考常考题型．24．如图.已知抛物线y=ax2+4（a≠0）与x轴交于点A和点B（2.0）.与y轴交于点C.点D是抛物线在第一象限的点．（1）当△ABD的面积为4时.①求点D的坐标；②联结OD.点M是抛物线上的点.且∠MDO=∠BOD.求点M的坐标；（2）直线BD、AD分别与y轴交于点E、F.那么OE+OF的值是否变化.请说明理由．【考点】HF：二次函数综合题．【分析】（1）先确定出抛物线解析式.①设出点D坐标.用三角形ABD的面积建立方程即可得出点D 坐标；②分点M在OD上方.利用内错角相等.两直线平行.即可得出点M的纵坐标.即可得出M的坐标.带你M在OD下方时.求出直线DG的解析式.和抛物线解析式联立求出直线和抛物线的交点即可判断不存在；（2）设出点D的坐标.利用平行线分线段成比例定理表示出OE.OF求和即可得出结论．【解答】解：（1）∵抛物线y=ax2+4（a≠0）与x轴交于点A和点B（2.0）.∴A（﹣2.0）.4a+4=0.∴a=﹣1.AB=4.∴抛物线的解析式为y=﹣x2+4.①设D（m.﹣m2+4）.∵△ABD的面积为4.∴4=×4（﹣m2+4）∴m=±.∵点D在第一象限.∴m=.∴D（.2）.②如图1.点M在OD上方时.∵∠MDO=∠BOD.∴DM∥AB.∴M（﹣.2）.当M在OD下方时.设DM交x轴于G.设G（n.0）.∴OG=n.∵D（.2）.∴DG=.∵∠MDO=∠BOD.∴OG=DG.∴.∴n=.∴G（.0）.∵D（.2）.∴直线DG的解析式为y=﹣2x+6①.∵抛物线的解析式为y=﹣x2+4②.联立①②得.x=.y=2.此时交点刚好是D点. 所以在OD下方不存在点M．（2）OE+OF的值不发生变化.理由：如图2.过点D作DH⊥AB于H.∴OF∥DH.∴.设D（b.﹣b2+4）.∴AH=b+2.DH=﹣b2+4.∵OA=2.∴.∴OF=.同理：OE=2（2+b）.∴OE+OF=2（2﹣b）+2（2+b）=8．【点评】此题是二次函数综合题.主要考查了待定系数法.平行线的判定.平行线分线段成比例定理.解（1）的关键是求出抛物线解析式.难点是分情况求出点M的坐标.解（2）的关键是作出辅助线．25．如图.已知△ABC中.AB=AC=5.BC=6.点O是边BC上的动点.以点O为圆心.OB为半径作圆O.交AB 边于点D.过点D作∠ODP=∠B.交边AC于点P.交圆O与点E．设OB=x．（1）当点P与点C重合时.求PD的长；（2）设AP﹣EP=y.求y关于x的解析式及定义域；（3）联结OP.当OP⊥OD时.试判断以点P为圆心.PC为半径的圆P与圆O的位置关系．【考点】MR：圆的综合题．【分析】（1）如图1中.首先求出cos∠B.cos∠A.如图2中.当点P与C重合时.只要证明PA=PD即可；（2）如图2中.作CG⊥AB于G.OH⊥BD于H．分两种情形①当≤x≤时.如图4中．②当＜x＜时.如图5中.作PG⊥AB于G．（3）如图6中.连接OP．根据cos∠C=cos∠B==.列出方程.求出两圆的半径.圆心距即可判断．【解答】解：（1）如图1中.作AH⊥BC于H.CG⊥AB于G.∵AB=AC=5.AH⊥BC.∴BH=CH=3.AH=4.∵•BC•AH=•AB•CG.∴CG=.AG==.∴cos∠B=.cos∠BAC=.如图2中.当点P与C重合时.∵OB=OD.∴∠B=∠ODB=∠ACB.∵∠ADO=∠B+∠BOD=∠CDO+∠ADP.∠ODP=∠B. ∴∠ADP=∠BOD=∠BAC.∴PA=PD=5；（2）如图2中.作CG⊥AB于G.OH⊥BD于H．∵AD=2AG=.∵BD=2BH=2OB•cos∠B=x.∴x+=5.∴x=.如图3中.当P、E重合时.作EG⊥AD于G．根据对称性可知.B、E关于直线OD对称.∴DB=DE=AE=x.∵cos∠A==.∴=.解得x=.当点D与A重合时x=5.∴x=.当≤x≤时.如图4中.∵y=PA﹣PE=PD﹣PE=DE=BD=x.∴y=x.当＜x＜时.如图5中.作PG⊥AB于G．∵BD=DE=x.DG=AG=（5﹣x）.∴AP=AG÷cos∠A=（5﹣x）.∴y=AP﹣EP=（5﹣x）﹣[x﹣（5﹣x）]=﹣x+.综上所述.y=．（3）如图6中.连接OP．连接OP.∵OP⊥AC.∴cos∠C=cos∠B==.∴=.∴x=.PC=.OP=.∵＜+.∴以点P为圆心.PC为半径的圆P与圆O的位置关系是相交．【点评】本题考查圆综合题、锐角三角函数、等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识.解题的关键是寻找特殊点解决问题.学会构建方程的解决问题.学会用分类讨论的思想思考问题.属于中考压轴题．。
2017届上海市徐汇区初三物理二模卷(含答案)
2016学年第二(dì èr)学期徐汇区初三模拟考物理部分一、选择题（共16分）1.依据卢瑟福的原子(yuánzǐ)模型理论，在原子中绕核高速旋转的是（）A. 原子(yuánzǐ)B. 质子(zhìzǐ)C.中子(zhōngzǐ)D. 电子2. 四冲程柴油机在工作过程中，将机械能转化成内能的冲程是（）A. 吸气冲程B. 压缩冲程C. 做功冲程D. 排气冲程3.小徐在教室里能分辨出教室外老师的说话声，主要是一句声音的（）A.音调B. 响度C.音色D. 以上三项都是4. 以下各种单色光中，属于三原色光之一的是（）A. 蓝光B. 紫光C.黄光D. 橙光5. 质量为0.2千克的物体从空中下落，无题受到空气阻力位1牛，其所受合力为（）A. 1.2牛B. 0.8牛C. 2.96牛D. 0.96牛6.电动自行车两刹车手柄各有一个电键S1和S2，在行驶中用任意手刹车，该手柄上的电键立即断开，电动自行车上的电动机停止工作，图1所示的电路中符合要求的是（）7. 当烛焰离凸透镜4厘米时，在凸透镜另一侧的光屏上成一个倒立放大的实像，该凸透镜的焦距可能为（）A. 1厘米B. 3厘米C. 4厘米D. 5厘米8. 如图2所示，甲乙两个均匀实心正方体放在水平地面上，它们对水平地面的压强相等，若分别沿水平方向截去体积相等的部分后它们剩余部分对地面的压强分别为P甲，P乙则（）A. P甲可能等于P乙B. P甲一定大于P乙C. P甲可能(kěnéng)小于P乙D. P甲一定(yīdìng)小于P乙二、填空题（共24分）9. 最早测出大气压强值得(zhí dé)科学家是_______；家庭(jiātíng)电路中，点灯与电视机是_______关系(guān xì)（选填串联或并联），标有“220V，500W”字样的电饭锅，正常工作一小时，耗电____度。
年上海市徐汇区高三二模数学卷(含答案)
2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三数学 2０1８.4一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分，第1-6题每题4分,第7－12题每题5分) 考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果.1.已知全集R U =，集合{}0322>--=x x x A ,则=A C U .2．在61x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式中,常数项是 .3.函数()lg(32)x xf x =-的定义域为___＿_＿_＿____＿． 4.已知抛物线2x ay =的准线方程是14y =-,则a = . 5.若一个球的体积为323π,则该球的表面积为__＿_＿__＿＿. 6．已知实数x y ，满足001x y x y ≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+≤⎩，，． 则目标函数z x y =-的最小值为_＿___＿＿＿＿__.7.函数()2sin cos 1()11x x f x +-=的最小正周期是＿＿＿_____＿＿_.8.若一圆锥的底面半径为3,体积是12π,则该圆锥的侧面积等于 .9.将两颗质地均匀的骰子抛掷一次,记第一颗骰子出现的点数是m ,记第二颗骰子出现的点数是n ，向量()2,2a m n =--，向量()1,1b =，则向量a b ⊥的概率．．是 . １0．已知直线12:0,:20l mx y l x my m -=+--=.当m 在实数范围内变化时,1l 与2l 的交点P 恒在一个定圆上,则定圆方程是 .１１．若函数222(1)sin ()1x xf x x ++=+的最大值和最小值分别为M 、m ，则函数()()()sin 1g x M m x M m x =+++-⎡⎤⎣⎦图像的一个对称中心是 ． 12.已知向量,a b 满足||a =、||b =,若对任意的{}(,)(,)||1,0x y x y xa yb xy ∈+=>,都有||1x y +≤成立,则a b ⋅的最小值NMD 1C 1B 1A 1DCBA为 ．二、选择题(本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项。
2017年上海徐汇区初三二模语文试题(有答案)
2017年徐汇区初三二模语文试题一、文言文阅读（39分）（一)默写（15分）1。
造化钟神秀，____________________。
（《望岳》 )2。
____________________，五十弦翻塞外声.（《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）3。
东边日出西边雨，____________________。
（《竹枝词》）4. ____________________，轻烟老树寒鸦。
（《天净沙·秋》）5. 不以物喜，____________________。
（《岳阳楼记》）（二）阅读下面两首诗，完成第6-7题(4份）错误!题破山寺后禅院错误!山居秋暝【唐】常建【唐】王维清晨入古寺，初日照高林。
空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。
竹径通幽处，禅房花木深。
明月松间照，清泉石上流.山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。
竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟.万籁此都寂, 但余钟磬音。
随意春芳歇，王孙自可留.6. 两首诗都运用了衬托的手法，第○，1首中的“万籁此都寂，但余钟磬音"是以声衬静;第错误!首中的“____________________，____________________”是以动衬静。
（2分）7. 下列对着两首诗理解不正确一项是( ）（2分）A.两首诗都描绘了幽雅宁静的环境.B.两首诗都表达了诗人高洁的精神追求.C.两首诗都写了富有诗情画意的风光.D.两首诗都是格律诗中的五言绝句。
（三）阅读下面语段，完成第8-10题（8分）北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。
惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？”杂然相许。
其妻献疑曰：“以君之力,曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何？且焉置土石?”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾,隐土之北.”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤,箕畚运于渤海之尾。
邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之. 寒暑易节，始一返焉。
河曲智叟笑而止之曰:“甚矣，汝之不惠！以残年余力,曾不能毁山之一毛,其如土石何?”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。
上海市2017徐汇区高三地理二模试卷(含答案)
上海市徐汇区2017届高三4月模拟（二模）地理试题（满分100分考试时间60分钟）考生注意：全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。
答卷前，务必在答题卡上将学校、姓名、流水号等填写清楚。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案。
）1．利用“上海公交”APP可以查询公交车距离站点的剩余站数和车辆到达时间，极大地方便了等车族的出行，该APP利用的地理信息技术主要是A.遥感技术和地理信息系统 B．卫星定位技术和地理信息系统C．遥感技术和卫星定位技术 D.数字地球2．下图为某日地月相对位置及月相示意图，由此推测，三天后的农历日期大致为A.初一 B．初七 C．十五 D.廿二3．地球与天王星在太阳系中虽相距甚远，但仍有相似之处。
两者相似的特征有：①固态岩石表层②平均密度较大③偏心率比较小④自西向东公转A.①② B．②③ C．①④ D.③④4．下表所示的是上海连续三日的日落地方时。
由表推测，这三日所处的节气阶段为北半球的A.春分一夏至B.夏至一秋分C.秋分一冬至D.冬至一春分5．太行山的嶂石岩地貌是一种典型的砂岩沉积地貌，其岩石特征是 A.结晶充分 B.多气孔 C.片理构造 D.层埋构造6．臭氧被誉为“地球的保护伞”。
下图数码所示的各环节中与臭氧的保护作用密切相关的是A. ① B．② C. ③ D.④7．建筑往往能折射一个地区的气候环境。
英国乡村式别墅多为尖顶，主要因为当地的气候类型为A.地中海气候B.温带海洋性气候C.温带大陆性气候D.温带季风气候8．夏季，新疆的塔里木河水量急剧增长，其原因是该河的河水补给主要来源于A.雨水 B．冰川融水 C.湖泊水 D.地下水9．地中海沿岸地区盛产优质葡萄。
冬季雨量适中，有利于葡萄树开花和授粉；夏季干旱，有利于葡萄结果和糖分积累。
冬季，控制该地区的气压带或风带是A.东北信风带B.副热带高气压带C.中纬西风带D.副极地低气压带10.下图为3月12日2时的亚洲东部天气形势图。
徐汇区2017中考英语二模
2016-2017学年第二学期徐汇区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)A B C DE F G H1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)7. A) On the 1st floor. B) On the 3rd floor. C) On the 6th floor. D) On the 8th floor.8. A) At the airport. B) At the bus stop. C) At the train station. D) At the subway station.9. A) On foot. B) By taxi. C) By bike. D) By bus.10. A) Buying some cold drinks. B) Cleaning his room.C) Having a barbecue. D) Meeting Jenny.11. A) On Thursday. B) On Friday. C) On Saturday. D) On Sunday.12. A) The orange one. B) The pink one. C) The blue one. D) The green one.13. A) By using some magic. B) By taking a yoga course.C) By going on a diet. D) By calling himself Tim.14. A) Because they didn’t recognize her. B) Because they met a famous actress.C) Because the woman performed well. D) Because the play made them happy.C. Listen to the letter and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (共6分)15. It was a letter to Daisy about Jason’s first day at his new school.16. Jason was excited because there are many students in the new school.17. Jason’s class teacher is Mrs. Black and she is a young and friendly lady.18. Jason has made friends with a nice boy from Hong Kong.19. Everyone in the school must learn Spanish as a second language.20. Jason has to do much maths homework on the Internet on the first day.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文，完成下列内容。
2017徐汇区二模试卷
2017年徐汇区语文二模试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）一、文言文（39分）（一）默写。
（15分）1.造化钟神秀，。
（《望岳》）2.，五十弦翻塞外声。
（《陈破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）3.东边日出西边雨，。
（《竹枝词》）4.，轻烟老树寒鸦。
（《天净沙·秋》）5.不以物喜，。
（《岳阳楼记.》）（二）阅读下面两首诗完成6—7题（4分）。
题破山寺后禅院唐常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。
曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。
山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。
万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音。
山居秋暝唐王维空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。
明月松间照，清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。
6.两首诗都运用了衬托的手法，第一首中的“万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音”是以声衬静，第二首中的“，。
”是以动衬静。
（2分）7.下列对这两首诗理解不正确的一项是()（2分）A. 两首诗都描绘了优雅宁静的环境。
B. 两首诗都表达了诗人高洁的精神追求。
C．两首诗都写了，富有诗情画意的风光。
D. 两首诗都是格律诗中的五言绝句。
（三）阅读下面语段，完成8—9题（8分）。
北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。
惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎?”杂然相许。
其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何?且焉置土石?”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。
”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。
邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。
寒暑易节，始一反焉。
河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠。
以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何?”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。
虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙，无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平?”河曲智叟亡以应。
8.语段选自时期，道家学派代表人物列御寇的著作《》。
（2分）9.下列加点词，注音及解释不正确的一项是（）（3分）A. 且焉置土石且qiě：将B.遂率子孙荷担者三夫荷hè: 挑C. 始龀龀chèn:换牙D. 河曲智索亡以应亡wú：同“无”没有。
(完整版)2017年徐汇区高考数学二模试卷含答案,推荐文档
2017年徐汇区高考数学二模试卷含答案2017．4一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1~6题每题4分，第7~12题每题5分）考生应在答题纸的相应位置直接填写结果．1. 设全集，集合，则=____________．{}1,2,3,4U ={}2|540,A x x x x Z =-+<∈UC A2. 参数方程为（为参数）的曲线的焦点坐标为____________．22x t y t⎧=⎨=⎩t 3. 已知复数满足，则的取值范围是____________．z 1z =2z -4. 设数列的前项和为，若，则=____________．{}n a n n S *21()3n n S a n N =-∈lim n n S →∞5. 若的二项展开式中前三项的系数依次成等差数列，则_____．*1()(4,)2nx n n N x+≥∈n =6.把分别写在张形状大小一样的卡片上，随机抽取一张卡片，则抽到写着偶数或大12345678910、、、、、、、、、10于的数的卡片的概率为____________．（结果用最简分数表示）67. 若行列式中元素的代数余子式的值为，则实数的取值集合为___________．124cossin 022sin cos822x xx x 412x 8. 满足约束条件的目标函数的最小值是____________．22x y +≤z y x =-9. 已知函数．若函数有两个不同的零点，则实数的取值范2log 02()25()239x x x f x x <<⎧⎪=⎨+≥⎪⎩，，()()g x f x k =-k 围是____________．10. 某部门有8位员工，其中6位员工的月工资分别为8200，8300，8500，9100，9500，9600（单位：元），另两位员工的月工资数据不清楚，但两人的月工资和为17000元，则这8位员工月工资的中位数可能的最大值为____________元．11.如图：在中，为上不同于的任意一点，点满足ABC ∆M BC ,B C N ．若，则的最小值为____________．2AN NM = AN xAB y AC =+229x y +12. 设单调函数的定义域为，值域为，如果单调函数使得函数的值域()y p x =D A ()y q x =(())y p q x =也是，则称函数是函数的一个“保值域函数”．A ()y q x =()y p x =已知定义域为的函数，函数与互为反函数，且是的一个“保[],a b 2()3h x x =-()f x ()g x ()h x ()f x 值域函数”，是的一个“保值域函数”，则___________．()g x ()h x b a -=二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项．考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑．13. “”是“”的（ ） 1x >11x<（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分也非必要条件14. 《九章算术》是我国古代数学著作，书中有如下问题：“今有委米依垣内角，下周八尺，高五尺，问：积及米几何？”其意思为：“在屋内墙角处堆放米（如图，米堆为一个圆锥的四分之一），米堆底部的弧长为尺，米堆的高为尺，问米堆的体积及堆放的米各为多少？”已知一85斛米的体积约为立方尺，由此估算出堆放的米约有（ ）1.62（A ）斛（B ）斛（C ）斛（D ）斛2134556315. 将函数的图像按向量平移，得到的函数图像与函数的图像1y x=-(1,0)a = 2sin (24)y x x π=-≤≤的所有交点的横坐标之和等于（）（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）246816. 过椭圆右焦点的圆与圆外切，则该圆直径的端点的轨221(4)4x y m m m +=>-F 22:1O x y +=FQ Q 迹是（ ）（A ）一条射线（B ）两条射线（C ）双曲线的一支（D ）抛物线三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤．17. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图：在四棱锥中，⊥平面，底面是P ABCD -PA ABCD ABCD 正方形，．2PA AD ==（1）求异面直线与所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）PC AB （2）若点、分别是棱和的中点，求证：⊥平面E F AD PC EF ．PBC 18. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知函数是偶函数．41()2x xm f x ⋅+=（1）求实数的值；m （2）若关于的不等式在上恒成立，求实数的取值范围．x 22()31k f x k ⋅>+(,0)-∞k 19. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）如图所示：湖面上甲、乙、丙三艘船沿着同一条直线航行，某一时刻，甲船在最前面的点处，乙船在中间的点处，丙A B 船在最后面的点处，且．一架无人机在空中C :3:1BC AB =的点处对它们进行数据测量，在同一时刻测得，P 030APB ∠=．（船只与无人机的大小及其它因素忽略不计）090BPC ∠=（1）求此时无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比；（2）若此时甲、乙两船相距米，求无人机到丙船的距100离．（精确到米）120.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分7分，第3小题满分5分）如图：椭圆与双曲线有相同的焦点，它们在轴右侧有2212x y +=22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>12F F 、y 两个交点、，满足．将直线左侧的椭圆部分（含,两点）记为曲线，直线A B 220F A F B +=AB A B 1W 右侧的双曲线部分（不含,两点）记为曲线．以为端点作一条射线，分别交于点AB A B 2W 1F 1W ，交于点(点在第一象限),设此时=.(,)p p P x y 2W (,)M M M x y M M F 11m F P ⋅（1）求的方程; 2W （2）证明:，并探索直线与斜率之间的关系;1p x m=2MF 2PF （3）设直线交于点，求的面积的取值范围.2MF 1W N 1MF N ∆S 21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）现有正整数构成的数表如下： 第一行： 1第二行： 1 2第三行： 1 1 2 3第四行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4第五行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5…… …… ……第行：先抄写第1行,接着按原序抄写第2行,然后按原序抄写第3行,⋯,直至按原序抄写第行,k 1k -最后添上数.（如第四行，先抄写第一行的数1，接着按原序抄写第二行的数1，2，接着按k 原序抄写第三行的数1，1，2，3，最后添上数4）.将按照上述方式写下的第个数记作(如,,,,⋯,,⋯,n n a 11a =21a =32a =41a =73a =)．14153,4,a a == （1）用表示数表第行的数的个数，求数列的前项和；k t k {}k t k k T （2）第8行中的数是否超过73个？若是，用表示第8行中的第73个数，试求和的值；0n a 0n 0na若不是，请说明理由；（3）令，求的值．123n n S a a a a =++++ 2017S参考答案一、填空题：(共54分，第1~6题每题4分；第7~12题每题5分)1.2.3.4. 5. 6.{}1,4(1,0)[]1,3187107. 8.9.10.11.12. 1|2,3x x k k Z ππ⎧⎫=±∈⎨⎬⎩⎭2-5(,1)9880025二、选择题：(共20分，每题5分)13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C三、解答题17、解：（1）以点A 为原点，以AB 方向为x 轴正方向，AD 方向为y 轴正方向，建立空间直角坐标系，则,--------2分(0,0,2),(0,0,0),(2,0,0),(2,2,0),(0,2,0)P A B C D 所以，,--------4分(2,2,2),(2,0,0)PC AB =-=设的夹角为，,PC ABα则分cos PC AB PC AB α⋅===⋅所以，的夹角为，,PC AB即异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小为.--------6分（2）因为点、分别是棱和的中点，E F AD PC 可得，，所以，--------8分(0,1,0)E (1,1,1)F (1,0,1)EF =又，，--------10分(0,2,0)BC = (2,2,2)PC =-计算可得，--------12分0,0EF PC EF BC ⋅=⋅=所以，，又，所以EF ⊥平面PBC .--------14分,EF PC EF BC ⊥⊥PC BC C =18、(1) 因为函数是定义域为R 的偶函数，所以有，-2分41()2x xm f x ⋅+=()()f x f x -=即， 414122x x x xm m --⋅+⋅+=即， ------------------------------4分44122x x x xm m +⋅+=故m =1.-----------------------------------------6分(2)，且在上恒成立，241()0,3102x xf x k +=>+>22()31k f x k ⋅>+(,0)-∞故原不等式等价于在上恒成立，--------------------8分22131()k k f x >+(,0)-∞又x ，所以， -------------------------------------10分∈(,0)-∞()()2,f x ∈+∞所以，----------------------------11分110,()2f x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭从而，----------------------------12分221312k k ≥+因此，. -------------------------------------------------------------------14分1,13k ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦19、(1)在中，由正弦定理，得APB ∆1sin sin 2AP AB ABABP APB==∠∠，-----------2分在中，由正弦定理，得 BPC ∆sin sin 1CP BC BCCBP CPB ==∠∠，-----------4分 又，，--------------------------------------------6分31BC AB =sin sin ABP CBP ∠=∠故.即无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比为.-----------------------7分23AP CP =23(2)由得AC =400，且， ------------------------------9分:3:1BC AB =0120APC ∠= 由(1)，可设AP =2x ，则CP =3x ， ---------------------------------------------10分 在中，由余弦定理，得160000=(2x )2+(3x )2-2(2x )(3x )cos1200，------12分APC ∆解得x=CBAP即无人机到丙船的距离为CP =3x米. ----14分275≈20、解：（1）由条件，得，根据知，F 2、A 、B 三点共线，2(1,0)F 220F A F B +=且由椭圆与双曲线的对称性知，A 、B 关于x 轴对称，故AB 所在直线为x =1，从而得，.--------------2分A (1,B所以，,又因为为双曲线的焦点，所以，221112a b-=2F 221a b +=解得. ---------------------------------------------------------------3分2212a b ==因此，的方程为(). ------------4分2W 2211122x y -=1x >(2) 由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )，得=(x p +1,y p )，=(x M +1,y M )，1F P 1F M由条件，得，即， ---------------5分1(1)M p M p x m x y my +=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩1M p Mp x mx m y my =+-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )分别在曲线和上，有1W 2W，消去y p ，得2222122(1)2()1p p p p x y mx m my ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+--=⎩(*) ---------------7分2234(1)140p p m x m m x m +-+-=将代入方程(*)，成立，因此(*)有一根,结合韦达定理得另一根为，因为1m 1p x m =143p m x m-=,所以<-1，舍去.1m >143p mx m-=所以，. -----------------------------------------------------8分1p x m=从而点坐标为(，P 1m所以，直线的斜率，-------------------------------------9分2PF 2PF k =由,得M (1M p x mx m m =+-=m 所以，直线的斜率.--------------------10分2MF 2MF k =因此，与斜率之和为零. ---------------------------------11分2MF 2PF （3）由(2)知直线与关于x 轴对称，结合椭圆的对称性知点P 与点N 关于x 轴对称，故(,2PF 2NF N m1), -----------------------------12分1m-212-m 因此，S=⨯|F 1F 2|(|y M |+|y N |)=⨯2(+)2121212-m m 1212-m =+，-----------14分212-m 2211m -因为S 在上单调递增, ----------------------------------15分()1,+∞所以,S 的取值范围是.----------------------------------------------------16分)+∞21、解：（1）当时，2k ≥ ，----------------------------------------------------------------2分1211k k t t t t -=+++ ，1121k k t t t t +=+++ 于是，即，又， ---------------------3分1k k k t t t +-=12k k t t +=2112,1t t t == 所以，12k k t -=故. ---------------4分21122221k k k T -=++++=- （2）由得第8行中共有27=128个数，12k k t -=所以，第8行中的数超过73个，-------6分，-----7分707732173200n T =+=-+=从而，，020073n a a a ==由26-1=63<73，27-1=127>73，所以，按上述顺序依次写下的第73个数应是第7行的第73-63=10个数，同上过程知=2，--------------------------------------------------------9分7310a a =所以，.--------------------------------------------------------------10分02n a =（3）由于数表的前n 行共有个数，于是，先计算.21n-21n S -方法一：在前个数中，共有1个，2个，22个，……，2n -k 个，21n-n 1n -2n -k ……，2n-1个1， ---------------------------------------------------12分 因此=n ×1+(n -1)×2+…+ k ×2n -k +…+2×2n -2+1×2n -121n S - 则2×=n ×2+(n -1)×22+…+ k ×2n-k+1+…+2×2n-1+1×2n 21n S -两式相减，得=+2+22+…+2n-1+2n ＝2n+1-n -2.------------15分21n S -n -方法二：由此数表构成的过程知，，---------------12分121212n n S S n ---=+则+n +2=2(+n +1)，21n S -121n S --即数列{+n +2}是以S 1+1+2=4为首项，2为公比的等比数列,21n S -所以+n +2＝4×2n-1，即=2n+1-n -2. ------------------------------15分21n S -21n S -S 2017=+S 994 -----------------------------------------------------------------16分1021S -=++S 4831021S -921S -=+++S 2281021S -921S -821S -＝++++S 1011021S -921S -821S -721S -=+++++S 381021S -921S -821S -721S -621S -=++++++S 71021S -921S -821S -721S -621S -521S -=(211-12)+(210-11)+(29-10)+(28-9)+(27-8)+(26-7)+(24-5)=3986. ------------------------------------------------------------------------18分。
2017年徐汇区高考数学二模试卷含答案
2017年徐汇区高考数学二模试卷含答案D5. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图：在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA ⊥平面ABCD ，底面ABCD 是正方形，2PA AD ==． （1）求异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）； （2）若点E 、F 分别是棱AD 和PC 的中点，求证：EF ⊥平面PBC ．6. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知函数41()2x xm f x ⋅+=是偶函数．（1）求实数m 的值； （2）若关于x 的不等式22()31k f x k⋅>+在(,0)-∞上恒成立，求实数k 的取值范围．F EA P7. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分）如图所示：湖面上甲、乙、丙三艘船沿着同一条直线航行，某一时刻，甲船在最前面的A 点处，乙船在中间的B 点处，丙船在最后面的C 点处，且:3:1BC AB =．一架无人机在空中的P 点处对它们进行数据测量，在同一时刻测得030APB ∠=，90BPC ∠=．（船只与无人机的大小及其它因素忽略不计）（1）求此时无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比； （2）若此时甲、乙两船相距100米，求无人机到丙船的距离．（精确到1米）20.（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分7分，第3小题满分5分）如图：椭圆2212x y +=与双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b -=>>有相同的焦点12F F 、，它们在y 轴右侧有两个交点A 、B ，满足220F A F B +=．将直线AB 左侧的椭圆部分（含A ,B两点）记为曲线1W ，直线AB 右侧的双曲线部分（不含A ,B两点）记为曲线2W ．以1F 为端点作一条射线，分别交1W 于点(,)ppP x y ，交2W 于点(,)MM M xy (点M 在第一象限),设此时F 1=1m F P ⋅.（1）求2W 的方程; （2）证明:1pxm=，并探索直线2MF 与2PF 斜率之间的关系;（3）设直线2MF 交1W 于点N ，求1MF N ∆的面积S 的取值范围.21.（本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）现有正整数构成的数表如下： 第一行： 1 第二行： 1 2 第三行： 1 1 2 3第四行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4第五行： 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5…… …… ……第k 行：先抄写第1行,接着按原序抄写第2行,然后按原序抄写第3行,⋯,直至按原序抄写第1k -行,最后添上数k .（如第四行，先抄写第一行的数1，接着按原序抄写第二行的数1，2，接着按原序抄写第三行的数1，1，2，3，最后添上数4）.将按照上述方式写下的第n个数记作na (如11a =,21a =,32a =,41a =,⋯,73a=,⋯,14153,4,a a ==)．（1）用kt 表示数表第k 行的数的个数，求数列{}kt 的前k 项和kT ；（2）第8行中的数是否超过73个？若是，用0n a 表示第8行中的第73个数，试求0n 和n a 的值；若不是，请说明理由； （3）令123nnSa a a a =++++，求2017S 的值．参考答案一、 填空题：(共54分，第1~6题每题4分；第7~12题每题5分)1. {}1,42. (1,0)3. []1,34. 15. 86. 710 7.|2,3x x k k Z ππ⎧⎫=±∈⎨⎬⎩⎭8.2- 9.5(,1)910.880011. 25 12. 1二、 选择题：(共20分，每题5分)13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 三、 解答题 17、z yxPCBDA(O)FEz yxPCBD A(O)解：（1）以点A 为原点，以AB 方向为x 轴正方向，AD 方向为y 轴正方向，建立空间直角坐标系，则(0,0,2),(0,0,0),(2,0,0),(2,2,0),(0,2,0)P A B C D ,--------2分所以，(2,2,2),(2,0,0)PC AB =-=,--------4分 设,PC AB 的夹角为α， 则3cos 3232PC AB PC ABα⋅===⋅⋅,--------5分所以，,PC AB 的夹角为3arccos 3，即异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小为3arccos 3.--------6分 （2）因为点E 、F 分别是棱AD 和PC 的中点， 可得(0,1,0)E ，(1,1,1)F ，所以(1,0,1)EF =，--------8分 又(0,2,0)BC =，(2,2,2)PC =-，--------10分 计算可得0,0EF PC EF BC ⋅=⋅=，--------12分 所以，,EF PC EF BC ⊥⊥，又PC BC C=，所以EF ⊥平面PBC .--------14分 18、(1) 因为函数41()2x xm f x ⋅+=是定义域为R 的偶函数，所以有()()f x f x -=，-2分即414122x x x x m m --⋅+⋅+=，即44122x x xxm m +⋅+=， ------------------------------4分故m =1. -----------------------------------------6分 (2)241()0,3102x x f x k +=>+>，且22()31k f x k⋅>+在(,0)-∞上恒成立，故原不等式等价于22131()k k f x >+在(,0)-∞上恒成立，--------------------8分又x∈(,0)-∞，所以()()2,f x ∈+∞，-------------------------------------10分所以110,()2f x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭，----------------------------11分 从而221312k k ≥+，----------------------------12分 因此，1,13k ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦.-------------------------------------------------------------------14分19、(1)在APB ∆中，由正弦定理，得1sin sin 2AP AB ABABP APB==∠∠，-----------2分在BPC ∆中，由正弦定理，得 sin sin 1CP BC BCCBP CPB ==∠∠，-----------4分 又31BC AB =，sin sin ABP CBP∠=∠，--------------------------------------------6分故23AP CP =.即无人机到甲、丙两船的距离之比为23.-----------------------7分 (2)由:3:1BC AB =得AC =400，且120APC ∠=，------------------------------9分CBAP由(1)，可设AP =2x ，则CP =3x ， ---------------------------------------------10分在APC∆中，由余弦定理，得160000=(2x )2+(3x )2-2(2x )(3x )cos1200，------12分解得x 400191919=， 即无人机到丙船的距离为CP =3x =1927519≈米. 20、解：（1）由条件，得2(1,0)F ，根据220F A F B +=知，F 2、A 、B 三点共线，且由椭圆与双曲线的对称性知，A 、B 关于x轴对称，故AB 所在直线为x =1，从而得22A ，2(1,)2B -.--------------2分所以，221112a b -=,又因为2F 为双曲线的焦点，所以221a b +=，解得2212a b ==.---------------------------------------------------------------3分因此，2W 的方程为2211122x y -=(1x >). ------------4分(2) 由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )，得1F P=(x p +1,y p )，1F M=(x M +1,y M )，由条件，得1(1)M p M px m x y my +=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩，即1M p M px mx m y my =+-⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩，---------------5分由P (x p ,y p )、M (x M ,y M )分别在曲线1W 和2W 上，有2222122(1)2()1p p p p x y mx m my ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+--=⎩，消去y p ，得2234(1)140p p m x m m x m +-+-= (*) ---------------7分将1m 代入方程(*)，成立，因此(*)有一根1pxm=,结合韦达定理得另一根为143pm xm-=，因为1m >,所以143p mx m-=<-1，舍去.所以，1p x m=.-----------------------------------------------------8分从而P 点坐标为(1m 212m -)，所以，直线2PF 的斜率2212PF m k -=，-------------------------------------9分由1Mp xmx m m=+-=,得M (m 212m -所以，直线2MF 的斜率2212MF m k -=.--------------------10分因此，2MF 与2PF 斜率之和为零.---------------------------------11分（3）由(2)知直线2PF 与2NF 关于x 轴对称，结合椭圆的对称性知点P 与点N 关于x 轴对称，故N (m 1,1m-212-m ),-----------------------------12分因此，S=21⨯|F 1F 2|(|y M |+|y N |)=21⨯2(212-m +m1212-m )=212-m +2211m -，-----------14分因为S 在()1,+∞上单调递增,----------------------------------15分所以,S 的取值范围是)2,+∞.----------------------------------------------------16分21、解：（1）当2k ≥时，1211k k t t t t -=+++，----------------------------------------------------------------2分1121k k t t t t +=+++， 于是1k k kt t t +-=，即12k kt t +=，又2112,1t t t ==，---------------------3分所以12k kt -=，故21122221k k kT-=++++=-. ---------------4分（2）由12k kt-=得第8行中共有27=128个数，所以，第8行中的数超过73个，-------6分707732173200n T =+=-+=，-----7分从而，020073n aa a ==，由26-1=63<73，27-1=127>73， 所以，按上述顺序依次写下的第73个数应是第7行的第73-63=10个数，同上过程知7310a a ==2，--------------------------------------------------------9分所以，02n a =.--------------------------------------------------------------10分（3）由于数表的前n 行共有21n-个数，于是，先计算21n S -.方法一：在前21n-个数中，共有1个n ，2个1n -，22个2n -，……，2n -k 个k ，……，2n-1个1，---------------------------------------------------12分 因此21n S -=n ×1+(n -1)×2+…+ k ×2n -k +…+2×2n -2+1×2n -1则2×21n S -=n ×2+(n -1)×22+…+ k ×2n-k+1+…+2×2n-1+1×2n两式相减，得21n S -=n -+2+22+…+2n-1+2n ＝2n+1-n -2. ------------15分方法二：由此数表构成的过程知，121212n n S S n---=+，---------------12分则21n S -+n +2=2(121n S--+n +1)，即数列{21n S -+n +2}是以S 1+1+2=4为首项，2为公比的等比数列,所以21n S -+n +2＝4×2n-1，即21n S -=2n+1-n -2.------------------------------15分S 2017=1021S -+S 994-----------------------------------------------------------------16分=1021S -+921S -+S 483=1021S -+921S -+821S -+S 228＝1021S -+921S -+821S -+721S -+S 101=1021S -+921S -+821S -+721S -+621S -+S 38=1021S -+921S -+821S -+721S -+621S -+521S -+S 7=(211-12)+(210-11)+(29-10)+(28-9)+(27-8)+(26-7)+(24-5)=3986.------------------------------------------------------------------------18分。
2017年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷
2017年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷2017学年徐汇区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)A B C DE F G H1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)7. A) On the 1st floor. B) On the 3rd floor. C) On the 6th floor.D) On the 8th floor.8. A) At the airport. B) At the bus stop. C) At the train station.D) At the subway station.9. A) On foot. B) By taxi. C) By bike. D) By bus.10. A) Buying some cold drinks. B) Cleaning his room.C) Having a barbecue. D) Meeting Jenny.11. A) On Thursday. B) On Friday. C) On Saturday. D) On Sunday.12. A) The orange one. B) The pink one. C) The blue one. D) The green one.13. A) By using some magic. B) By taking a yoga course.C) By going on a diet. D) By calling himself Tim.14. A) Because they didn’t recognize her. B) Because they met a famous actress.C) Because the woman performed well. D) Because the play made them happy.C. Listen to the letter and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (共6分)15. It was a letter to Daisy about Jason’s first day at his new school.16. Jason was excited because there are many students in the new school.17. Jason’s class teacher is Mrs. Black and she is a young and friendly lady.18. Jason has made friends with a nice boy from Hong Kong.19. Everyone in the school must learn Spanish as a second language.20. Jason has to do much maths homework on the Internet on the first day.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文，完成下列内容。
上海市徐汇区2017届高三二模考试试卷
2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn’t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D. $400.4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5. A. In a doctor’s offi ce. B. In a professor’s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record.8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.9. A. He has another lecture to attend.B. He has no interest in the lecture.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.10.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13. A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15. A. The development of computers.B. People’s greediness for more money.C. People’s needs for less paper money.D. People’s learning to be more responsible.16. A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D. To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D. She just wants to clean up their house.19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the n otes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Dear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression—both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36) _______ art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the w orld’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50) ______ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______ and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching acrossmy kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knewwhere they were going and what needed to be done. How else could antsorganize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do allthe other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems un thinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtfulabout his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’,the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author meansthat _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way toAntarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’s shipwaited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leavingthe crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerousenvironments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the coldwaters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away fromthe nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. Thetour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective f ascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64.The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer’s book was pub lished _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches66.The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending.(70) __________________________.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the on e I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。
2017年度上海徐汇区中考英语二模试卷
2017学年徐汇区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)A B C DE F G H1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)7. A) On the 1st floor. B) On the 3rd floor. C) On the 6th floor. D) On the 8th floor.8. A) At the airport. B) At the bus stop. C) At the train station. D) At the subway station.9. A) On foot. B) By taxi. C) By bike. D) By bus.10. A) Buying some cold drinks. B) Cleaning his room.C) Having a barbecue. D) Meeting Jenny.11. A) On Thursday. B) On Friday. C) On Saturday. D) On Sunday.12. A) The orange one. B) The pink one. C) The blue one. D) The green one.13. A) By using some magic. B) By taking a yoga course.C) By going on a diet. D) By calling himself Tim.14. A) Because they didn’t recognize her. B) Because they met a famous actress.C) Because the woman performed well. D) Because the play made them happy.C. Listen to the letter and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (共6分)15. It was a letter to Daisy about Jason’s first day at his new school.16. Jason was excited because there are many students in the new school.17. Jason’s class teacher is Mrs. Black and she is a young and friendly lady.18. Jason has made friends with a nice boy from Hong Kong.19. Everyone in the school must learn Spanish as a second language.20. Jason has to do much maths homework on the Internet on the first day.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文，完成下列内容。
2017年上海市徐汇区中考二模试卷(含答案)
2016学年第二学期徐汇区初三模拟考英语试卷2017.4Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）II. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26. Which of the following words matches the sound /nju:/?A. nowB. norC. newD. near27. Brooklyn Beckham, ______ eldest child of the Beckhams, will sell his photo book in May, 2017.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. Nobody can stop a person with a strong will _______ realizing his dreams.A. ofB. fromC. withD. by29. If they don’t prepare _______ well for the interview, they may fail to get the offer.A. theyB. themC. theirsD. themselves30. When Frank complained about the cold winter, Jane ________ the sunny summer days in Australia.A. enjoysB. was enjoyingC. has enjoyedD. will enjoy31. Joe can only take two of his family members into the studio and leave ______ waiting outside.A. the othersB. othersC. otherD. the other32. _______ the end of yesterday, there had been more than 10 car accidents because of the typhoon.A. ByB. FromC. AtD. To33. The old ______ enjoy the convenience of technologies because they don’t accept new things quickly.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. sh ouldn’t34. The panda _____ to get used to the new environment since he returned from America.A. learnsB. is learningC. learnedD. has learnt35. The audience were attracted by ________ the stories and the reading at the new program “Readers” .A. bothB. neitherC. eitherD. none36. After the operation on Grandma’s heart, she becomes much ______ at present.A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best37. Every picture in the coloring book Secret Garden was not drawn by computer ______ all by hand.A. andB. soC. butD. or38. The year’s best picture was wrongly awarded to La La Land, which ______ never ______ before.A. would…happenB. was…happeningC. has…happenedD. had…happened39. A：________can we get the chance to join the party?B：To join this party, you have to dress up like a Superhero.A. WhyB. WhatC. HowD. Where40. Jenny is an independent girl and she is considering ______ a boarding school（寄宿学校）.A. enterB. enteringC. to enterD. entered41. Every Monday morning all the staff members have a meeting to report their recent work, _____?A. haven’t theyB. don’t theyC. aren’t theyD. won’t they42. Alex had no interest in painting _______ he met a creative and patient art teacher one day.A. whenB. becauseC. untilD. if43. _______ good chance those teenagers were given to experience different cultures!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an44. A：The dishes you cooked tonight are really delicious.B：__________A. Of course!B. I’m glad you like them !C. That’s all right!D. Never mind!45. A：Excuse me, can I ask you some questions about the changes in Shanghai?B：_________A. Sure, go ahead!B. Congratulations！C. I’m so sorry!D. Nice to meet you!Ⅲ.Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。
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2017年徐汇区语文二模试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）一、文言文（39分）（一）默写。
（15分）1.造化钟神秀，。
（《望岳》）2. ，五十弦翻塞外声。
（《陈破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄》）3.东边日出西边雨，。
（《竹枝词》）4. ，轻烟老树寒鸦。
（《天净沙·秋》）5.不以物喜，。
（《岳阳楼记.》）（二）阅读下面两首诗完成6—7题（4分）。
题破山寺后禅院唐常建清晨入古寺，初日照高林。
曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。
山光悦鸟性，潭影空人心。
万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音。
山居秋暝唐王维空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。
明月松间照，清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇，王孙自可留。
6.两首诗都运用了衬托的手法，第一首中的“万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音”是以声衬静，第二首中的“，。
”是以动衬静。
（2分）7.下列对这两首诗理解不正确的一项是( )（2分）A. 两首诗都描绘了优雅宁静的环境。
B. 两首诗都表达了诗人高洁的精神追求。
C．两首诗都写了，富有诗情画意的风光。
D. 两首诗都是格律诗中的五言绝句。
（三）阅读下面语段，完成8—9题（8分）。
北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。
惩山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎?”杂然相许。
其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何?且焉置土石?”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。
”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。
邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龀，跳往助之。
寒暑易节，始一反焉。
河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠。
以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何?”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。
虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙；子子孙孙，无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平?”河曲智叟亡以应。
8.语段选自时期，道家学派代表人物列御寇的著作《》。
（2分）9.下列加点词，注音及解释不正确的一项是（）（3分）A. 且焉置土石且qiě：将B. 遂率子孙荷担者三夫荷hè: 挑C. 始龀龀chèn:换牙D. 河曲智索亡以应亡wú：同“无”没有。
10.下列不能表现出愚公鉴定意志的选项是（）（3分）A. 惩山北之塞，出入之迂也B. 叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。
C. 寒暑易节，始一反焉D. 虽我之死，有子存焉（四）阅读下面语段，完成11—14题（12分）。
曾巩，字子固，建昌南丰人。
巩性孝友……少与王安石游，安石声誉未振，巩导之于欧阳修，及安石得志，遂与之异，神宗尝问：“安石何如人？”对曰：“安石文学行义，不减扬雄，以吝故不及。
”帝曰：“安石轻富贵，何吝也？”曰：“臣所谓吝者，谓其勇于有为，吝于改过耳。
”帝然之。
（有删改）11. 解释下列加点词（4分）（1）少．与王安石游（）（2）以吝故不及．（）12. 用现代汉语翻译文中划线句（2分）安石何如人？13.曾巩认为王安石的优点有文章学问高超、行为道义杰出、等。
而缺点在于（用自己的语言表达）。
（4分）14. 选文内容体现曾巩的为人特点是（）A. 嫉恶如仇B.左右逢源C.春风化雨D.客观理性。
二、现代文（41分）（一）阅读下文，完成第15—19题。
（19分）青花瓷之美李青舫①中国青花瓷除了众所周知的流光溢彩的外观造型美之外，还有二美可以一说。
②其一是兼收并蓄的绘画意境美。
青花瓷画继承沿袭了中国传统水墨画的表现技法，但又不拘泥于它的绘画程式，相反地善于灵活自如地运用多种笔法，形成了刚柔相济、动静相结、疏密相间的艺术效果，因而能在瓷器的器型上，表现出完全不同于宣纸上的那种色调明快、蓝白相映的鲜明风格，给人以强烈的视觉冲击力和魅力蕴藉的审美感受。
③从形式上来看，青花瓷画突破了宣纸等介质的束缚，在光滑有弧度的瓷胎上以妙造自然为胜事，虽增加了创作的难度，但也赋予了青花瓷器独特的艺术mèi（）力，表现出具有灵动率真的审美内涵。
青花瓷器上的水墨画画法精细，墨色层次之鲜明，立体感强，达到了“墨分五色”的高超境界，给人以疏朗清新、幽静雅致的艺术美感，令人倾心迷恋。
④就内容而言，青花瓷画丰富并提升了中国水墨画反映生活的广度，洋溢着浓郁的生活气息。
如传世民窑中最常见的青花“双喜纹罐”，图案简练活泼，风格清丽洒脱，那粗犷的“双喜”大字与茂密的缠枝花纹有机地融汇一体，不仅能给民间的婚嫁喜事增添喜庆吉祥的色彩，而且也反映了普通百姓对幸福生活的无限憧憬和质朴淳厚的审美情趣。
⑤从意境上来看，青花瓷画还拓展了中国水墨画在揭示民族特性上的深度，表现出了具有民族文化色彩的审美内涵。
“龙”是中华民族的图腾，但是，“龙”的形象在中国水墨画中刻划得较为少见，而与之形成鲜明反差的是，“龙”的矫健身姿与丰满形象却在青花瓷画中屡见不鲜。
其中，既有纹饰繁缛，工艺豪华精美，刻划出一种神秘威严狞厉美的官窑青花龙纹瓷器；也有线条简朴，手法夸张奔放，刻划出一种随和亲切平易美的民窑青花龙纹瓷器。
⑥因此可以说，青花瓷画注重①，突出②，挖掘②，使青花瓷千百年来长盛不衰、具有独特审美价值。
⑦其二为秀外慧中的人文精神美。
和我国传统诗词、书画等许多艺术一样，青花瓷器富有鲜明的民族特色和深厚的文化底蕴。
历代能工巧匠将中华民族一脉相承、源远流长的民族性格和民族感情，自觉地溶入青花瓷器的外观造型与图案绘画中，寄寓了中华民族最传统的审美观念与审美情怀，因此青花瓷器除了实用、欣赏之功能外，实际上还浸透了中国人的精、气、神以及淳厚质朴的人文理想。
⑧当然，由于人的社会阶级地位、文化修养学识各不相同，因而不同层次的人，对于精神、气质的理解也难免各异其趣。
帝王将相因为崇尚高贵、华丽、豪气的秉性，所以促成官窑青花表现出雍容华贵、典雅大度的皇家气质；文人墨客因为追求淡泊明志、宁静致远的人文理想，所以促成民窑青花表现出端庄素雅、卓而不群的高尚情怀；普通百姓因为向往安宁幸福、吉祥如意的生活环境，所以促成了民窑青花又表现出勤劳质朴、张扬生命的执着精神。
15．根据拼音写汉字（2分）mèi（）力16. 中国青花瓷之美在于：、兼收并蓄地描绘意境美和。
17. 文章第四段主要运用了说明方法，作用是。
18. 阅读文章，在第六段横线上填入恰当的选项。
①②③A.技法上的独创性B. 意境上的表现力C. 形式上的继承性D. 内容上的多样化19. 以下对第八段作用，理解正确的一项是（）A. 与标题相照应，表明青花瓷的特征。
B. 与文章开头呼应, 使文章结构完整。
C. 总结全文内容，体现青花瓷风格多样。
D. 补充说明第七段，使该段内容更充实。
（二）阅读下文，完成第20-24题。
（12分）真正的变形金刚路明①星野很小的时候，爷爷天天抱他出门，让他东看看，西看看。
很快，星野对车着了迷，每看见一辆，他都举起胖嘟嘟的小手，发出惊喜的声音———“喏！喏！”②家里买了好多玩具小汽车。
星野最喜欢的事，就是把所有的汽车摊在地板上。
他坐在中间，一脸满足，睡觉时，也要放一辆汽车在枕头边，陪他一起睡。
③一天，星野惊喜地发现，有一辆小汽车的车门可以拉下来，变成一只机械手。
④那是一个变形金刚。
⑤给星野买变形金刚，多少有点假公济私．．．．的意思。
⑥我读小学时，小镇的百货商店里曾经摆着一个巨大的擎天柱，要三百多块。
我没有缠着爸妈要买，因为我知道，这差不多是他们一个月的工资。
我只是每天放学后跑去店里，看一眼擎天柱再回家。
有一天，擎天柱不见了。
我难过极了，一路拖着脚步走回家。
打开门，擎天柱正坐在柜子上等我。
至今记得那份雀跃的心情。
擎天柱陪我度过了许多快乐的时光。
⑦我给星野看变形金刚的漫画和电影片段，在我的“循循善诱”下，星野很快入了迷，嘴巴里成天念叨什么汽车人、霸天虎。
我心中窃喜，只要星野喜欢，我就有足够的理由买更多的变形金刚了。
⑧每天临睡前，星野会缠着我讲变形金刚的故事。
我就讲，从前有一个机器人叫擎天柱，会变成一辆大卡车，契卡库库卡。
还有一个机器人叫大黄蜂，会变成一辆跑车，契卡库库卡……⑨星野睡着了。
○10我们都有过那样的岁月，爱的时候不顾一切，被爱的时候浑然不觉。
○11有一天在公园，星野发现，路边停着一辆雪佛兰科迈罗，黄黑涂色，和电影里的大黄蜂一模一样。
更要命的是，车上还贴着代表汽车人的徽章。
○12星野绕着车团团转，兴奋地大喊大叫，大黄蜂，大黄蜂！○13然后他坐在一边，要看大黄蜂变形。
我告诉他，大黄蜂不会变了。
可是怎么劝都没有用，小孩子认死理。
我把他抱起来往家走，他踢蹬着小腿，哭得声嘶力竭。
○14好吧，那就陪你等。
等灶王爷上天，等牛郎织女相会，等南瓜变成马车，等圣诞老人从烟囱里爬下来。
○15天黑了。
大黄蜂静静地停在那里，一动不动。
○16星野是哭着回家的。
○17星野拒绝再玩任何变形金刚的玩具。
他把擎天柱、大黄蜂和威震天扔在一边，大声说，骗人的。
○18有一天早上，星野醒来，发现我的胸前贴着一张汽车人的徽章。
他用手指着我，说，爸爸是变形金刚。
○19爸爸不是的。
我把贴纸撕下来，贴在他手上。
那辆汽车也不是，只不过贴了一张纸而已。
真正的大黄蜂，一定躲在某个地方。
等星野需要他的时候，大黄蜂会出现，变形。
○20不知星野听懂没。
我看见他咧开了嘴。
○21契卡库库卡。
星野说。
○22我想，对孩子来说，变形金刚的意义大概在于，它暗示了这种可能:那些身边的寻常物件，一辆小汽车，一辆大卡车，一台挖掘机，一架收音机，一盒磁带，都是有生命的。
他们不声不响地陪伴你，在你无望无助的时候，变形。
○23契卡库库卡。
○24就像爸爸妈妈，爷爷奶奶，外公外婆……所有爱他的人。
○25有一天星野会明白，真正的变形金刚，一直在他身边。
（有删改）【注释】①契卡库库卡：拟声词，变形金刚变形时发出的声响。
20. 第五段加点词“假公济私”在文中的意思是 . （3分）21. 阅读第六段对该段作用理解错误的一项是（）（3分）A. 补充交代了，我不断引导星野喜爱变形金刚的原因。
B. 将我和星野的生活进行对比,突出我对星野的爱。
C. 具体生动地体现儿时我对变形金刚的痴迷之情。
D. 体现我与星野成长的共性，都受到家人的喜爱。
22.阅读第十段画线句，小时候我和星野一样，爱的时候不顾一切，被爱的时候浑然不觉。
请概括文章相23. 细读文章，第十四段划线句“等灶王爷上天，等牛郎织女相会，等南瓜变成马车，等圣诞老人从烟囱里爬下来”分析其表达效果。
（5分）24. 文中“变形金刚”不仅仅是指一种玩具，也是指，你无望无助的时候，不声不响的陪伴着你，让你感受到慰藉，还是指因为。
（5分）三、综合运用（10分）25. 结合材料完成下列各题。
【材料一】《中国诗词大会》是央视首档全民参与的诗词节目，节目以“赏中国诗词，寻文化基因品，生活之美”，为基本宗旨，通过比赛的形式比拼诗词知识并赏析，带动全民分享诗词之美，感受诗词之趣，从古人的智慧和情怀中汲取营养，涵养心灵。