研究生英语下册第一单元
研究生英语(下)-综合教程课后答案-何莲珍主编
研究生英语(下)-综合教程课后答案-何莲珍主编1 第一单元1. The tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might ultimately lead to even more job losses.3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal6. Foreign food aid has led to a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important legacy was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove suicidal for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated.11. The experience was enough to keep him preoccupied for some time12. The road to happiness is paved with adversities.13. She aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by nostalgia for the surroundings of hishappy youth.15. In retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.二、1. Watching your baby being born is a mind-blowing experience(极其令人兴奋的经历). 2. There is built-in storage space(内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms. 3. This handout focuses on self-protection measures(自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions. 4. I’m sure we could offer you some short-term employment (短期的工作). 5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a distorted and negative self- perception(歪曲的、否定的自我观念)? 6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing life-changing events(改变了生活的事件)in Then She Found Me. 7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in all-encompassing details(无所不包的细节). 8. Having a decent job contributes to a good self-image(一个好的自我形象).三、What then is a good mind? It is the whole mental …… 1、searches 2、connections 3、inventive 4、discerning 5、anticipates 6、future 7、individual 8、identifies 9、fallacy 10、self-discipline四、翻译1、I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung 。
当代研究生英语(下)课件U1-Text-A
Book One
外语教学与研究出版社
Para. 2-3
who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.
当代研究生英语读写教程（下）
主讲教师：田翠芸
Book One
外语教学与研究出版社
Reading and Writing
Unit 1
Book One
外语教学与研究出版社
Content
Warming-up
Reading
Text A
研究生英语下册第一单元翻译
尊敬的张老师：您好！首先，我代表全体2015级机电工程学院全体学生向您表示诚挚的谢意，感谢您这两学期来对我们英语学习细心的指导！由于本次翻译工作采取自愿参加的原则故有部分同学没有参加，但是大多数同学还是积极参加。
现将同学们的译文发给您，希望您能帮我们修改，为此给您造成额外的工作量我深表歉意！学生代表：孙攀龙第一组：1.克隆生命体涉及把生命体的DNA复制到新的生命体中去，这样新生命体便拥有非常相似的特征。
克隆人将意味着重新创造正在克隆的人。
随着克隆羊多莉的成功，克隆人—长期以来科幻小说中的主题—渐渐的接近现实生活。
2.如果克隆成为现实，那么通过使用克隆羊多莉的克隆方法，即生殖性克隆就可以实现克隆人了。
第二组：3.生殖性克隆就是把细胞核从即将要克隆的生命体中的体细胞里移除并将其植入一个去核的卵细胞里，去核卵细胞就是卵细胞里的细胞核被提前移除。
4.随后，把植入新细胞核的卵细胞进行电或者化学处理以模拟细胞分裂。
将最终得到的胚胎移入一个宿主的子宫里使其正常发育并最终顺利降生。
第三组：5.新生的生物体将是原来的生物体的复制品，但并非一模一样，因为其基因既来源于提供细胞核的生命体又来源于卵细胞。
为什么做人类克隆呢？6.克隆动物尤其是濒危动物是一种保护其不灭绝的方式，但是为什么想着克隆人类？人类现在已经够多的了，并且没有足够的资源供我们利用，因此为何去克隆人类？第四组：7.没错，一个原因是这是一个纯粹的科学研究。
我们在这方面已经探索了很长时间。
在克隆羊多莉之后，科学家已经成功地克隆出了各种动物。
所以克隆人似乎是下一个合乎逻辑的阶段，也是非常重要的一个步骤。
8. 就以治疗为目的来说，克隆人类可能也是一个主要的突破。
克隆技术可以克隆新器官用于器官移植。
因为克隆的器官—从需要移植的人体细胞所产生的—具有相同的基因密码，就可以减少身体排斥新移植的器官的风险。
克隆也可以用来治疗癌症、阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏病和许多其他疾病。
研究生英语综合教程下册Unit1 Summary
四组姓名：王晓燕学号：2012021632The Hidden Side Of HappinessThis article can be divided into three parts. The first part includes paragraph one to three and it mainly tells us that after adversity, small proportion of people will be troubled but more people can rebound and thrive.The second part includes paragraph four to seventeen. It proves that the adversity is the hidden side of happiness and it can make our life fulfilled and meaningful through examples and demonstration. There are three examples: a fashion designer, extreme endurance athletes and parenting. Tracy Cyr, the fashion designer, was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and had endured the pain her whole life. But when she decided to suicide, she began to be able to move. This surprise tells us that after adversity life can be richer and more gratifying. The example of extreme endurance athletes doing as trauma survivors do tells us that adversity can make people stronger. The third example says that parenting can decrease levels of happiness during a short-time term, but it is meaningful and rewarding.The third part involves paragraph eighteen and it retells us that adversity can make our life great life.。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-4单元翻译+答案
研究生英语综合教程(下)教材翻译参考译文Unit 1A愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。
幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳•麦克高恩1咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
(此文来自袁勇兵博客)”2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_L的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达.那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。
这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。
Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
研究生英语综合教程(下)Unit1课件PPT
04 Cultural knowledge expansion cultural background
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的 提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果 ，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击 此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼 ，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请 尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处 添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为 了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量 言简意赅的阐述观点；单击此处添加 正文 10*16
Graduate English Comprehensive Course
(Part 2) Uni
目录
CONTENTS
• Course Introduction • Text Analysis • Language skill improvement • Cultural knowledge expansion • Classroom interaction and discussion • After class homework and requirements
Academic writing style
Adopting an academic writing style that is clear, concise, and formal, with proper use of citations and references.
Oral skills
Public speaking skills
Developing the ability to speak confidently and effectively in public, including the ability to deliver clear and coherent presentations.
研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程（下）系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳？麦克高恩1. 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说：“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
2. 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活之后与某种方式的改变。
3. 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。
4. 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
5. 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义一或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历（哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻）最有发言权。
高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程下册课文原文+翻译
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
研究生公共英语(下)课本翻译
Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire，它的意思是“知道”。
所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。
但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说，文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
研究生英语综合教程下册1 10单元课文翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1 10单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程下册1-10单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文全章节unit1a愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。
幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳?麦克高恩1咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转型。
他们可能将都会这样说道:“我期望这事没有出现，但因为它我显得更轻松了。
(此文源自袁勇兵博客)”2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_l的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来―甚至最终会成功发达.那些抵挡居住苦痛压制的人就是有关美好悖论的生动例子:为了尽可能地过著最出色的生活，我们所须要的不仅仅就是惬意的体会。
我们这个时代的人对美好的崇尚已经增大至只崇尚福气:一生没苦恼，没痛苦和疑惑。
这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面―种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质―是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义―或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。
研究生综合英语(下)unit1-2-6课文中英对照翻译
The Hidden Side of HappinessPleasure only gets you so far. A rich, rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity.幸福隐藏的另一面愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。
当代研究生英语下册第一单元课文翻译
UNIT1A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?一个人在每一特定时期内的生活都是由外部生活和内心生活这两个方面结合而成的。
外部生活是指我们在文明社会中的实际生活（对文明社会中实际活动的参与），其中包括我们的工作、社会地位、家庭生活、（担当的）社会角色、我们如何向社会展现自己，以及如何参与到社会中去等。
内心生活是指我们所参与的种种外部活动对我们个人产生的影响。
例如，我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背? 我们的个性能在多大程度上得到发挥，还是受到某种程度的压抑? 在每一特定时期，我们对自己的生活方式又有何种感受?The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker e vent: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, an d even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.正是在人的内心世界这个领域中，一些重大的和基本的转变开始使人失去自我平衡，这就意味着必须进行调整，以步人人生发展的下一个阶段。
研究生英语下册综合教程-课文翻译
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说：“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
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1、PASSAGES OF GROWTH (成长的经历)Gail Sheehy 盖尔·希伊A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we lie out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?一个人在一特定时期内的生活是由内心生活和外部生活两个方面结合而成的。
外系统主要成员由文化、工作、社会阶层、家庭、社会角色构成及我们是如何参予这环境、如何表现自己。
内系统则关心的是这样的参予是针对我们每个人的。
怎么样的方式(目前所处的生活系统)是我们的价值观、目标、渴望受鼓舞或被侵犯受？多少部分我们的个性能够接受，还是那部分是我们受抑制的？在每一特定时期，我们又是如何感觉我们的生活方式？The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, ―why are you feeling low?‖ Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: ―I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,‖ and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: ‖There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even t hough it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.‖ Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.内心的变化很重要是由于个人外部生活的变化引起个人感觉的变化，这样的现象需要改变和调整到一个的立足点来进行下一个阶段的发展。
这一至关重要转换会贯穿一生，然而人们并不认为是他们内心在起作用。
试问那个似乎看起来很沮丧的人，―为什么你这么消沉？‖大多数人只会认定是那些对自己生活具有重大影响的事情来取代内因素，比如：―我消沉是因刚搬家，因为改变了工作，因为妻子又回学校继书研究生，还要干什么不相干的社会工作，还因为其他一些乱七八槽的事‖等等。
可能少于10%将会这么说：―这里存在不明确烦恼影响着我，即使那使我很不快，我感觉必须努力排除这些不利的因素。
‖很少人能够解释他们的混乱可能不是由外部生活系统所引起的。
然而几年下来也不可能解决这类的问题。
During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergo subtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A third is our perception of time do we have plenty of it, or are we beginning to feel that time is running out? Last, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of aliveness or stagnation, these are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.在发展的每一阶段，如何感觉我们的生活方式来理解其4个阶段经历微妙的变化。
其一是与此相关联的内心感受和他人的看法。
其二是我们感觉到生活中安全和危险各自的比例。
其三就是我们对时间的感知，时间是不是很多，或我们开始感觉时间过的飞速？最后就是自身自然因素的改变是否让自己觉的更有活力或力不从心，这些是模糊的感觉但其是构成生活的音色和促成我们采取行动的因子。
The work of adult life is not easy, as in childhood, each step presents not only new tasks of development but requires a letting go of the techniques that worked before. With each passage some magic must be given up, some cherished illusion of safety and comfortably familiar sense of self must be cast off, to allow for the greater expansion of our own distinctiveness.成年后的生活并不是很简单的，正如在孩提时代，每一步出现不仅仅是新的发展任务也还要求我们放弃对从前有效的方法。
在生命中的任何一个阶段有些不可思议的做法将被放弃，有些安全珍贵幻想自我感觉舒适的家庭也被摆脱，以便能有更大的空间发展自己的独特处性。
Pulling up Roots(拔起根)—自力之年Before 18, the motto is loud and clear: ―I have to get away from my parents.‖ But the words are seldom connected to action. Generally still safely part of our families, even if away at school, we feel our autonomy to be subject to erosion from moment to moment.在18岁前，我们的座右铭就已经有一很响亮的格言，―离开父母，自力更生。
‖但是这句话很少付于实践。
我们依然还是家庭中无法自立的成员。
即便是离家在外上学，我们也经常感到自主权不是地要受到客观因素的限制和侵犯。
After 18, we begin Pulling Up Roots in earnest. College, military service, and short-term travels are customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of one’s own, in the attempt to separate our view of the world from our family’s view, despite vigorous protestations to the contrary—―I know exactly what I want!‖ –we cast about for any beliefs we can our own. And in the process of testing those beliefs we are often drawn to fads, preferably those most mysterious and inaccessible to our parents.在18岁后，我们开始认真思考如何自力。
上大学，服兵役，和短期的外出旅行等是我们提供在第一次在家庭和自己的基地之间进行的双程旅行。
在尝试我们观点从家庭的观点分离开来，急于寻找一切可称之为独立见解相反的观点。
―我知道我想要的是什么!‖我们寻找任何属于自己的信仰。
在这一过程证实那些自己认为最时尚的信念，相对父母来说是神秘的或者不懂的问题上更想独树一帜。