English book5 unit Three Thinking of Words

Lesson Three Thinking of WordsI. General Arrangement1. Class Hours 92. Teaching Content1) Idioms and phrases2) Grammar: adjectives and adverbs3) Comprehension of the text: the importance of, and difficulty in,choosing the right word; comparison and contrast withChinese…sufficiency and deficiency4) Word study: a summing-up of all the sentence patterns of “agree”cf. agree to, agree with, agree onagree to do sth., agree to doing sth.5) Rhetoric: Two sentence patterns to achieve emphasis:What it does mean is…Can we not begin to…6) Homework: Dictation; Recitation; Writing and so on.3. Objective: By learning the text, the students are supposed to knowsomething about the language limitation in expressingourselves, thus increasing our cultural sensitivity andlinguistic sensitivity.4. Methods to be applied:1) Questions and answers (comprehension of the text)2) Discussion: comparison and contrast in terms of Chinese and English insufficienciesII. The Important Points1. Language Points: it is often said that…; provided; languagemechanism; equip sb. to do sth.; technicalities; mate; missis; madam;lady; miss; be staffed with; turn on; single out; turn sth. over;fish around; prisoners of language etc.2. Structural analysis of the text3. Word Study: equip, drop, slip, agree4. Grammar: adjectives and adverbsIII. The Difficult PointsDevelop linguistic sensitivity and cultural sensitivity.IV. Detailed Study of the Text1.provided we are not…There are some people whose speech faculty is impaired by a disease. Provided we are not of these people (As long as we are physiologically normally developed, our instinctive (innate, inborn) language capacity enables us to say anything we need to say.2. mechanism: way in which sth. works or is constructed;language mechanism: a term modeled perhaps after Chomsky’s “ Language Acquisition Device”. Chomsky claimed that every normal child was born with the capacity to acquire his first language. He pictures this capacity as a sort of mechanism or apparatus, and termed it the LAD.3. What it does mean: very emphatic, forceful due to:a. what-clauseb. the use of “does” in striking contrast with the previous sentencecf. It means that …It does mean that…Wha t it means is that…What it does mean is that…4. if my job or my hobby entailed…rise to the occasion. : If my job or my hobby involves knowledge of these activities, my language would enable me to cope with the situation successfully.a. entail: make necessary entail sth. or doing sth.The construction of the thoroughfare entails the demolition (pulling down) of a lot of buildings.These plans entail great expense on us.b. rise to the occasion: show that one is equal to what needs to bedone, cope successfully with a situation.rise to the occasion/challenge/task, etc.: prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected problem, a difficult taskrise to an emergency/a crisis5. odd 1) single, spare: an odd sock2) casual, occasional, irregular: odd jobs3) abnormal, atypical, bizarre, queer, strange, unusual, weird6. These forms are outside the range of polite educated usage.These forms are an impolite showing lack of education.7. staff (v.): provide with (act as )staff: e.g.to staff a new institute;an over-staffed office;an under-staffed office;a well-staffed hotel/hospitalstaff(n.): a group of assistants working together under a manager or head e.g.the headmaster and his staff;office staff;be on the staffA large staff of advisers has been employed for thepresident.8. turn to… direction onlyturn on: attack sb.(either physically or verbally), become hostile to sb. who says to him angrilye.g. The dog turned on me and bit me on the leg.He turned on his brother, who, he thought, had deceived him.9. There are many such arbitrary little limitations on our language.: Many unreasonable small restrictions have been imposed on our language. * He knows his limitations: know well that in some respects his abilities are limited.10. yarn: story, traveler’s tale (colloquial) e.g. spina yarn: tell a story(make up a story )11. single out: choose from a group for special attention or treatment; pick out e.g.*single sb. out for special training*single out the principal contradiction from among a complexity of contradictions12. slipped into saying:slip (n.): make a slip; a slip of the tongue/pen=error in speaking/writingslip (v.) move quietly, sneak e.g. She slipped into the room without being notice.slip up(colloq.): make a mistakeerrors that have slipped into the text1.but we can not ask him how many brothers and sisters…then totalingthem.If we ask a person how many brothers and sisters he has, he would tell us precisely how many brothers and how many sisters and then we would have to total them.2.prisoners of the language: people who have to be confirmed by thelimitations of the language3.limit, confine: both mean “set or prescri be the bounds for a personor thing” .limit: predetermination of a point beyond which one cannot go without incurring something undesirable(e.g. penalty) e.g.limit the speed of automobiles, limit a day’s work to 8 hoursconfine: emphasizes bounds that cannot be passed (suggestive of hampering) e.g. We are confined by our senses for perceiving the world.(We cannot go beyond our senses to perceive the world).4.Even where there would be widespread agreement that there is alinguistic deficiency, very few communities in the world seem to have settled the means whereby remedies can be agreed upon and adopted.: Even in those places where the majority of people think (agree) that their language is not sufficient for them to use, very few communities in the world seem to have found ways that people can agree upon and adopt to solve the problem.*settle: make an agreement about; decide; determine:e.g.It’s time you settled the dispute/argument.You ought to settle your affairs before you go into hospital for the lung operation.Have they settled where to go/where they’ll spend their holiday?Remedy: a good remedy for coldsThe only remedy is to go to the law.The evil is beyond /past remedy.5.we are equipped somewhat less than ideally to say what we want tosay.less than ideally: very inadequatelywe are not equipped ideally to…we don’t have enough language to say what we want to say*equip sb.to do sth.: enable sb. to do sth e.g.Your education will equip you to earn a good living.The speaker was well equipped to answer the audience’s questions.*equip soldiers with uniforms and weapons; be equipped with modern machines18. turn sth. over: think carefully about sth.19. It is not as if: It is not the case that…Sometimes “as if” is used to explain sth. Puzzling. e.g. As if she were my relative!The word does not seem to mean “selfish-secret-work-together)20. set about doing sth.: start doing sth. syn. go about21. not feel satisfied that: not feel convinced/certain thatsatisfy 1) make contented e.g. Nothing satisfies him; he’s always complaining.2) be enough for ( one’s needs) e.g. satisfy one’s hunger3) satisfy sb. that …/oneself of sth.: convince; make free from doubt e.g.He satisfied me that he could do the work well.Have you satisfied yourself of the truth of the report?21. Can we not begin…: (more formal than “Can’t we begin…”. Therhetorical question is an emphatic way of saying “We certainly can begin …”22. come near to: almost reach the point of e.g. She was near to tears.Every lesson brings me nearer to proficiency in English.She is as beautiful near to as she was.V. Dictation1. pathological cringe ambiguous conspiracy2. What it does mean is that if my job or my hobby entailed a knowledge of these activities, my language would rise to the occasion.Even where there would be widespread agreement that there is a linguistic deficiency, very few communities in the world seem to have settled the means whereby remedies can be agreed upon and adopted.3. single out touch upon in any caseVI. Answers to questions (I. Comprehension P45)1. It is often said that provided we don’t have pathological language defects, our language capacity equips to say any thing we need to say.It really means that if my job or my hobby entailed knowledge of some special (technical) activities, my language would rise to the occasion.2. The writers think that there are a few exceptions.3. We don’t have the right word to draw the person’s attention.4. because the foreign visitor used the wrong word.5. He will tell you how many brothers he has and how many sisters he has and then you total them.6. because the scope for us to change things is very limited.7. because there is no certain or systematic way of setting about it.8. The implication is that if people can almost never find the word they are hunting for, they are sure to come very near to despair. By the sentence pattern “Can we not begin to…?”P.49 C. Translate1.I hope you will confine your talk to the topics being discussed.2.The car turned abruptly (suddenly), bumping into a tree on thepavement.3.John forgot about the evening party and his friends all turned onhim.4.He turned over this problem in his mind for a whole day before hedecided what to do.5.She opened her handbag and began to fish for the handkerchief. (setabout fishing)6.The job entails courage and perseverance.7.He set about his essay (dissertation, thesis) after he finishedreading all the reference books that he could find.8.He never cringes before (in face of) difficulty.9.The principal said that we should go into the suggestion. (examinecarefully, investigate)10.Mary fell ill a day before the performance, Jane rose to the occasionand took over (his part).11. A thousand Li journey starts with the first step.12.He went hot and cold in turn.VII. Word StudyNotesA. equip equip sb. to do sth. equip sb. with sth.B. slip v. & n. a slip of the tongueC. agree agree with sb.agree with sb’s opinion (view, etc. )agree to sth. (say “yes” to, consent)agree to doing sth.agree to do sth.agree on (reach an agreement )agree that…P50. Translate1.Your education will equip you to find a new job.2.Her kitchen is equipped with labor-saving devices (appliances).3.This mechanic could not repair the car because he did not have theright equipment.(for lack of).4.In doing so (in so doing), they are lifting a rock only to drop iton their own feet.5.All this turned out to be suspicion. So they dropped (the) armedclashes (conflicts).6.With the drop in production and orders, large numbers of enterpriseshave gone bankrupt.(into bankruptcy).7.He slipped on a banana peel and broke his leg.8.Another month (has) slipped by (slipped past).9.In such cases, a few slips are unavoidable.(under suchcircumstances)10.They finally agreed upon the terms of the contract.11.He didn’t agree to her taking up the job.12.We are in agreement with his opinion.VIII. Grammar补充：Michael Swan P10形式相同的形容词和副词以及具有两种形式的副词A. Done orallyB. CheckC. 1. Scientifical ly…From a scientific point of viewScientifically explored/ explored scientifically…in a scientific manner7. This is hardly…normal positionThis hardly is…emphatic positionD. The general rule: The closer in meaning, the nearer in position.The general order: descriptivefeature/size/shape/age/color/origin/material/purposeIX. Homework1. Written Ex: Paraphrase the first paragraph of the text.2.Oral Discussion: In conversation with foreigners, sometimes youcan’t find the appropriate words to express yourself, what will you do/what ways would you adopt to express yourself? (e.g. Paraphrase, gesture, using native language, avoiding the topic, giving up etc.)3.Recite Para. 1 and 5.。