上海市虹口区2017-2018自招考题

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2017上海事业单位面试真题(虹口区)

2017上海事业单位面试真题（虹口区）
（虹口区7月24日）
1、近年来西方万圣节等新颖的节日十分流行，吸引许多幼儿园小朋友参与，但是其恐怖暴力因素也会对小朋友产生影响，你怎么看
2、你举办了一个展览活动，但是一个顾客不小心把一个作品损坏了，你怎么解决
3、博物馆接受捐赠然后对家庭贫困的人又提供帮助，引起大家热议，然后很多人跑来要求捐赠，你怎么办
4、窗口接待有居民说办错证在吵闹，你怎么处理
5、结合岗位说说自身优势
6、机场飞机有老人往外扔硬币被发现，有人谴责有人说应该帮助老人学习新事物，你怎么看
题目来源学员回忆和网络整理，仅供参考。

【初中语文】上海市虹口区2017-2018学年第一学期期末考试七年级语文试卷沪教版

虹口区2017-2018学年第一学期期末考试七年级语文试卷（考试时间：100分钟满分：100分）第一部分阅读（58分）一、文言文（共25 分）（一）默写（10分）1、山随平野尽，。

（李白《渡荆门送别》）2、，病树前头万木春。

（刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》）3、人生自古谁无死，。

（文天祥《过零丁洋》）4、，潭影空人心。

（常建《题破山寺后禅院》）5、海上生明月，。

( 张九龄《望月怀远》)（二）阅读下文，完成6—9题（8分）核舟记（节选）明有奇巧人曰王叔远，能以径寸之木，为宫室、器皿、人物，以至鸟兽、木石，罔不因势象形，各具情态，尝贻余核舟一，盖大苏泛赤壁云。

舟首尾长约八分有奇，高可二黍许，中轩敞者为舱，箬篷覆之，旁开小窗，左右各四，共八扇。

启窗而观，雕栏相望焉。

闭之，则右刻“上高月小，水落石出”，左刻“清风徐来，水波不兴”，石青糁之。

6、本文的作者是（朝代）的文学家（人名）（2分）7、解释下列加点字。

（2分）（1）高可二黍许（）（2）清风徐来，水波不兴（）8、用现代汉语解释文中画线句子。

（2分）尝贻余核舟一，盖大苏泛赤壁云。

9、选文第一段分别从用料少、____________、_____________ 三方面说明王叔远雕刻技艺的高超。

（2分）（三）阅读下文，完成10—12题（7分）张孝基仁爱许昌①士人张孝基，娶同里富人女。

富人唯一子，不肖，斥逐之。

富人病且死，尽以家财付孝基。

后，其子丐于途，孝基见之，恻然谓曰：“汝能灌园乎？”答曰：“如得灌园以就食，甚幸！”孝基使灌园。

其子能自力，颇驯谨②，无他过。

孝基知其能自新，遂以其父所委财产归之。

注：①许昌：古地名，在今河南境内。

下文“同里”也是地名。

�②驯谨：顺从而谨慎。

10、解释下列句中加点词。

（1分）孝基使灌园（）11、下列对文中画线句翻译正确的一项是（2分）孝基知其能自新，遂以其父所委财产归之。

A、张孝基知道他能自己创新，于是把他父亲丢弃的财产归还给他。

虹口区2017-2018学年度第二学期期末质量抽测八年级(初二)数学真题卷

1.下列方程中，有实数解的方程是 ( )
(A) x 2 2 x 1;
(B) x 2 0 x2 2x
(C) x 1 x
(D) x 4 3 0
2.已知点 A（-1，m）和点 B（1，n）在函数 y 1 x k 的图像上，则下列结论中正确 3
的( )
1
-1 O 1
x
-1
（第 24 题图）
25．如图，一次函数 y 2x 4 的图像与 x 、 y 轴分别相交于点 A、B，四边形 ABCD 是
正方形．
（1）求点 A、B、D 的坐标；
y
（2）求直线 BD 的表达式． B
AO
C x
D
26．如图，已知在△ABC 中，AB = AC，点 D、E 在边 BC 上，且 AD = AE．试说明 BD = CE 的理由．
22．有两个不透明的布袋，其中一个布袋中有一个红球和两个白球，另一个布袋中有一个红球和三个白球，它们除了颜色外其他都相同．在两个布袋中分别摸出一个球，（1）用树形图或列表法展现可能出现的所有结果；（2）求摸到一个红球和一个白球的概率．
四、解答题：（本大题共 5 题，每题 8 分，满分 40 分） 23．如图，已知 C 是线段 AB 的中点，CD // BE，且 CD = BE，试说明∠D =∠E 的理由．
（A） m n ；
（B） m n ；（C） k 0 ；
（D） k 0 ．
3.甲、乙两同学同时从学校出发，步行 10 千米到某博物馆，已知甲每小时比乙多走 1
千米，结果乙比甲晚 20 分钟，设乙每小时走 x 千米，则所列方程正确的是( )
(A) 10 10 20 ； x 1 x

上海学校自主招生试题答案

上海学校自主招生试题答案一、语文试题答案（一）阅读理解1. 根据文章内容，作者通过对比传统教育与现代教育的不同，强调了创新教育在培养学生独立思考和解决问题能力方面的重要性。

作者认为，传统教育过于注重知识的灌输，而忽视了学生个性的发展和创新能力的培养。

现代教育应当更加关注学生的全面发展，鼓励学生主动探索，培养学生的批判性思维和创新精神。

2. 文章中提到的“翻转课堂”是一种新型的教学模式，它将传统的课堂教学模式进行了颠覆。

在这种模式下，学生在课前通过观看视频等方式自主学习新知识，课堂时间则更多地用于讨论、实践和深入理解。

这种模式有助于提高学生的学习积极性和自主学习能力，同时也要求教师具备更高的引导和组织能力。

（二）作文题目：《我理想中的教育》我理想中的教育，应当是一片沃土，让每一颗种子都能在这里找到适合自己的生长空间。

在这片土地上，没有单一的评价标准，没有刻板的教学模式，有的只是对每个孩子个性的尊重和潜能的挖掘。

在这样的教育环境中，老师不再是知识的单向传递者，而是学生学习过程中的引导者和伙伴。

他们不仅传授知识，更引导学生如何去思考、去探索、去实践。

学生们不再是被动接受的容器，而是积极求知的探索者，他们勇于提问，敢于质疑，善于合作，乐于分享。

课程设置应当多元化，不仅仅局限于传统的语文、数学、英语等学科，还应当包括艺术、体育、科学实验等多样化的课程，让学生在不同领域都能找到自己的兴趣所在。

同时，教育不应仅仅局限于课堂，社会实践、户外探索等活动也是学习的重要组成部分，让学生在实践中学习和成长。

评价体系也应当是全面的，不仅关注学生的学业成绩，更关注学生的创新能力、团队协作能力、社会责任感等综合素质。

通过多元化的评价方式，让学生明白，学习不仅仅是为了考试，更是为了成为一个全面发展的人。

总之，我理想中的教育，是能够激发每个孩子潜能的教育，是能够让每个孩子都发光发热的教育。

在这样的教育下，孩子们不仅能够获得知识和技能，更能够拥有追求梦想的勇气和力量。

上海市初中物理自主招生试题及答案(高清)1

C．小黑斑是水星在太阳上形成的像
D．小黑斑是地球在太阳上形成的像
9．一代伟人毛泽东在《沁园春·雪》中写到“北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘”，形成
这种自然景象的主要物态变化是 ( )
A．熔凝华
D．汽化和升华
10．下面所做的验证性实验中，不正确的是 ( ) A．在圆盘上间隔涂上红、蓝、绿等色，旋转后圆盘呈白色，说明白光是由色光组成的 B．在冷水、热水中各加入一滴墨水，发现热水变色快，说明分子热运动与温度有关 C．将磁体靠近通电的灯泡，发现灯丝抖动，说明通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用 D．从滑梯上滑下时臀部有灼热感，说明热传递可以改变物体的内能
）
A． L1 L2
B． L2 L1
C． L1m2 L2 m1 m2 m1
D． L2 m2 L1m1 m2 m1
6．一盏电灯接在恒定电压的电源上，其功率为 100W。若将这盏电灯先接在一段很长的导线后，再接在同一电源上，已知导线上损失功率是 9 W，那么此时电灯实际消耗功率是（）
A．91 W B．小于 91 W C．大于 91W D．条件不足，无法确定
11．如图所示，两只完全相同的盛水容器放在磅秤上，用细线悬挂
质量相同的实心铅球和铝球，全部没入水中，此时容器中水面
高度相同，设绳的拉力分别为Ｔ1 和Ｔ2，磅秤的示数分别为Ｆ1
和Ｆ2，则（）
Ａ．Ｆ1＝Ｆ2，Ｔ1＝Ｔ2
Ｂ．Ｆ1＞Ｆ2，Ｔ1＜Ｔ2
Ｃ．Ｆ1＝Ｆ2，Ｔ1＞Ｔ2 Ｄ．Ｆ1＜Ｆ2，Ｔ1＞Ｔ2
12．宇航员登上月球后，抬头仍能看到一轮红日，但其他周围的景象应是
A．物质是由分子组成的
B．分子不停做无规则运动
C．分子间有作用力
图1
D．分子有一定的质量

虹口2017年事业单位招聘考试真题及答案解析【2】

虹口2017年事业单位招聘考试真题及答案解析【整理版】虹口2017年事业单位招聘考试真题及答案解析【整理版】1：下列属于党的机关公文而非行政机关公文的是()。

单项选择题决定通报指示请示2：研究人员让老鼠待在不同的迷宫中，并对它们大脑中海马区和视觉中心的活动情况进行了测量。

结果显示，当所赴的迷宫发生变化时，老鼠大脑中上述区域的活动情况也发生了变化。

之后，当老鼠处于睡眠状态时，科学家们又对它们的大脑进行了重复测量。

结果显示，老鼠大脑中所反映出的“生活场景”恰好是它们在迷宫中奔跑时所看到的。

研究人员从中得到的最终结论应该是：（）。

单项选择题老鼠的大脑活动是由海马区和视觉中心控制的老鼠处于睡眠状态时，大脑仍然很活跃老鼠在不同的实验迷宫总会有不同的大脑活动老鼠的梦是它所见到的某些生活场景的反映3：左撇子的人比右撇子的人更容易患某些免疫失调症，例如过敏。

然而，左撇子也有优于右撇子的地方，例如，左撇子更擅长于由右脑半球执行的工作。

而人的数学推理的工作一般是由右脑半球执行的。

由此可推出（）。

Ⅰ。

患有过敏或其他免疫失调症的人中，左撇子比右撇子多。

Ⅱ。

在所有数学推理能力强的人当中左撇子的比例，高于所有数学推理能力弱的人中左撇子的比例。

Ⅲ。

在所有左撇子中，数学推理能力强的比例高于数学推理能力弱的比例。

单项选择题仅Ⅰ仅Ⅱ仅ⅢⅠ和Ⅲ4：黑格尔认为，实践就是按照主观的内在本性去“规定”和改造客观世界。

这一观点否认了实践的（）。

单项选择题客观物质性无限上升性主观能动性社会历史性5：“字字写来都是血，十年辛苦不寻常”和“文不甚深，言不甚俗”分别讲的是中国古典文学中的（）单项选择题《水浒》和《聊斋志异》《西游记》和《聊斋志异》《儒林外史》和《三国演义》《红楼梦》和《三国演义》6：有时候真正的艺术创作并不是可以用理性分析来解释的，有时甚至是伴有几分癫狂特征的。

美国当代诗人露丝·斯通（RuthStone）说她年轻的时候在地里干活，忽然感到有一首诗朝着她走过来，就如在地里出现了一阵闪电，脚下的土地也在震动。

上海市虹口区2017-2018学年高考生物模拟试卷(b卷)(7月份) Word版含解析

2017-2018学年上海市虹口区高考生物模拟试卷（B卷）一、单选题（每题2分，共60分）1．下列生命科学研究中，中国科学家直接参与的有几项？（）①细胞学说的提出②结晶牛胰岛素合成③酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸合成④克隆羊多利培育⑤人类基因组计划．A．2项B．3项C．4项D．5项2．由细胞合成的化合物分子中，有许多含一个或多个磷酸基．这样的化合物不可能（）A．直接为各项生命活动提供能量B．组成各种生物膜的支架C．在蛋白质合成中转运氨基酸D．使血糖浓度降低3．若在低倍显微镜下用目镜测微尺测量细胞长径（如图），则转换高倍物镜后观察到的图象是（）A． B． C．D．4．下列微生物中，属于自养型微生物且存在染色体结构的是（）A．酵母菌B．自生固氮菌C．硅藻 D．蓝藻5．下列关于细胞的叙述中，正确的项数是（）①能光合作用的细胞一定是植物细胞②没有大液泡的细胞一定是动物细胞③有细胞壁的细胞可能不是植物细胞④有两个中心粒的细胞一定处于分裂期⑤细胞结构的生物，其遗传物质一定是DNA⑥能进行光合作用的细胞一定能进行呼吸作用．A．2 B．3 C．4 D．56．将某洋葱表皮细胞静置于某稳定的外界溶液中，则该洋葱表皮细胞中细胞液浓度可能发生如图曲线中的哪些变化？（）A．1、2、3 B．1、2、4 C．1、3、4 D．2、3、47．对如图各曲线所表示的生物学意义的叙述中，正确的是（）A．甲图可表示温度与光合作用强度的关系B．乙图可表示二氧化碳浓度与光合作用强度的关系C．丙图可表示酵母菌细胞呼吸时氧气浓度与二氧化碳生成量的关系D．丁图可表示氧气浓度与人体红细胞吸收葡萄糖的关系8．如图为动物小肠上皮细胞吸收葡萄糖的原理图﹣﹣这种运输方式被称为协同运输（主动运输的一种），下列关于该原理图分析正确的是（）A．小肠中的钠离子浓度要低于小肠细胞内B．动物小肠细胞对葡萄糖的吸收直接利用ATP的能量C．葡萄糖的吸收不可以逆浓度梯度进行D．钠钾泵可以水解高能磷酸键9．将三组生理状态相通的某种植物幼根分别培养在含有相同培养液的密闭培养瓶下，一段时间后，测定根吸收某一矿质元素离子的量．培养条件及实验结果见下表：下列分析正确的是（）A．有氧条件有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收B．该植物幼根对该离子的吸收与温度的变化无关C．氮气环境中该植物幼根细胞吸收该离子不消耗ATPD．与空气相比，氮气环境有利于该植物幼根对该离子的吸收10．瓶插鲜花鲜重的变化与衰败相关，鲜重累积增加率下降时插花衰败，如图为细胞分裂素和蔗糖对插花鲜重的影响，下列叙述错误的是（）A．蔗糖和细胞分裂素都有延缓衰败的作用B．蔗糖可为花的呼吸作用提供更多的底物C．同时添加蔗糖和细胞分裂素更利于插花保鲜D．第5天花中脱落酸的含量应该是清水组最低11．如图是产生三倍体西瓜的原理图．在生产实践中发现，只要其减数分裂过程中染色体出现整组分离的情况（配子中至少有一组染色体），三倍体西瓜还是有极低的产生种子的可能性，则其产生的种子的染色体组数可能是（）①n ②2n ③3n．A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．①②③12．下列关于研究材料、方法及结论的叙述，错误的是（）A．孟德尔以豌豆为研究材料，采用人工杂交的方法，发现了基因分离与自由组合定律B．摩尔根等人以果蝇为研究材料，通过统计后代雌雄个体眼色性状分离比，认同了基因位于染色体上的理论C．赫尔希与蔡斯以噬菌体和细菌为研究材料，通过同位素示踪技术区分蛋白质与DNA，证明了DNA是遗传物质D．沃森和克里克以DNA大分子为研究材料，采用 X 射线衍射的方法，破译了全部密码子13．甲、乙为两种果绳（2n），如图为这两种果绳的各一个染色体组，下列叙述正确的是（）A．甲、乙杂交产生的F1减数分裂都正常B．甲发生染色体交叉互换形成了乙C．甲、乙1号染色体上的基因排列顺序相同D．图示染色体结构变异可为生物进化提供原材料14．如图表示淋巴细胞起源和分化过程（其中a、b、c、d表示不同种类的细胞，①②表示有关过程），下列有关叙述正确的是（）A．只有a、b、c三类细胞才能识别抗原B．使用促进a细胞功能的物质，对器官移植病人有利C．①②过程都需要抗原的刺激才能发生D．c，d细胞功能不同的根本原因是它们的DNA不同15．如图为减数分裂过程中细胞核内某物质的变化曲线，对此曲线分析正确的是（）A．曲线AB段正在进行DNA复制B．曲线BC段完成了着丝粒分裂C．曲线DE段可能出现同源染色体交叉互换现象D．曲线FG段细胞内的着丝粒数目和体细胞一致16．埃博拉病毒属于丝状包膜病毒，其基本结构如图所示，下列对埃博拉病毒的描述不正确的是（）A．A结构是在宿主细胞的核糖体上合成的B．B结构在噬菌体上不存在C．C结构的成分是磷脂双分子层D．在疾病传播时埃博拉病毒属于传染源17．下列对微生物描述正确的是（）A．利福平可以抑制产甲烷杆菌的RNA合成B．黄曲霉可以在不含碳源的培养基上生长C．硝化细菌可以在无氮培养基中生长D．大肠杆菌可以在未灭菌的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上生长18．从如图遗传图解可判断该病的遗传方式可能是（）①常染色体显性②常染色体隐性③X染色体显性④X染色体隐性．A．①③ B．①C．②④ D．②19．下列有关细胞周期和细胞分裂的叙述，正确的是（）A．不同生物的细胞大小和数目不同，但细胞周期长短相同B．同一生物各种组织的细胞周期长短相同，但G1、S、G2和 M 期长短不同C．若在G2期加入DNA合成抑制剂，则有丝分裂前期每个染色体仍含有2条染色单体，子细胞染色体数目与母细胞的相同D．减数分裂前期I同源染色体配对，每个染色体含有 4 条染色单体，子细胞染色体数目为母细胞的染色体数的一半20．当人体大量失血时，人体在调节血压过程中可能出现的现象是（）A．血压先下降后回升 B．心率加快C．血管收缩 D．上述均有可能21．如图是人体内某调节过程的示意图，图中X为纵坐标标志，Y为曲线，Z为某常数．则下列X，Y组合不合理的是（）A．直肠温度，运动后的体温调节过程B．血浆渗透压，大量饮水后的渗透压调节C．血糖浓度，进食后的血糖调节D．动脉血压，受惊吓后的收缩压调节22．某人在一次体检中发现其患有Ⅰ型糖尿病，病人主述在检查前其实就有一些糖尿病的病征出现，如果你是医生，请判断下列哪一项病人主述情况不是由糖尿病引起的（）A．在野外考察时发现刚用完的便池周围经常有蚂蚁出现B．一直觉得很饿，想吃东西，但是体重还是不断地往下掉C．一直想要喝水，尿也很多D．晚上走到暗一点的环境下就完全看不见东西23．下列对于遗传多样性的叙述，正确的是（）A．遗传多样性是指物种内基因的多样性B．黑种人、黄种人、白种人的性状差异属于遗传多样性C．现今检验遗传多样性的方法只有PCRD．某物种的遗传多样性越大越不利于该物种的进化24．利用枯草杆菌生产分泌性中性蛋白酶，以下符合该酶分离纯化的正确流程是（）①制成酶制剂②发酵液过滤③冷冻干燥④层析法提纯蛋白酶．A．③①④② B．②④③① C．③④②① D．②④①③25．要将无根的烟草幼苗在无菌条件下培养成图示状态，合适且经济的培养基是（）A． MS培养基B．MS培养基C．MS培养基+NAA0.02mg/LD．MS培养基+6﹣BA2mg/L+NAA0.02mg/L26．某A型血色觉正常的女人曾结过两次婚，第一个丈夫的血型为B型，且红绿色盲；第二个丈夫血型为A型，色觉正常．此妇女生了4个孩子，这4个孩子中可能是第二个丈夫孩子的是（）A．男孩、O型血、色盲B．女孩、A型血、色盲C．女孩、O型血、色盲D．女孩、B型血、色觉正常27．控制植物果实重量的三对等位基因E/e、F/f和H/h，对果实重量的作用相等，分别位于三对同源染色体上．已知基因型为eeffhh的果实重120克，然后每增加一个显性基因就使果实增重15克．现在果树甲和乙杂交，甲的基因型为EEffhh，F1的果实重150克．则乙的基因型最可能是（）A．eeFFHH B．Eeffhh C．eeFFhh D．eeffhh28．光身长翅与毛身卷翅果蝇杂交后，F1代全为光身长翅．F1代雌果蝇进行测交的后代中，光身长翅：光身卷翅：毛身长翅：毛身卷翅为8：2：2：8，则控制这两对相对性状的基因间的交换值是（）A．5% B．10% C．20% D．25%29．下列关于生物工程的叙述，正确的是（）A．在花药离体培养形成愈伤组织的过程中，有可能发生基因的突变和基因重组B．检测目的基因是否导入了受体细胞的方法一般是检测该基因的表达产物C．植物的单倍体育种和多倍体育种都利用了植物组织培养技术D．单克隆抗体的特异性强，但不能单独直接消灭体内的癌细胞30．科学家把四种转录因子基因引入成纤维细胞，可诱导其发生转化，产生的iPS细胞在形态、基因和蛋白表达、细胞分裂能力、分化能力等方面都与胚胎干细胞相似．图为iPS细胞应用简图，据图文分析下列叙述正确的是（）A．用人体体细胞诱导产生的iPS细胞只含有人的部分遗传物质B．诱导产生iPS细胞属于一种脱分化过程C．iPS细胞的分裂能力比造血干细胞要弱D．iPS细胞经过诱导分化形成的组织移植入供体会引起免疫排斥反应二、综合分析题（共90分）31．回答下列有关微生物的问题表为一种培养液的配方，试根据表中内容作答．（1）若用于培养微生物，该培养液中有类营养物质．（2）若用来培养固氮微生物则应除去的成分是，应加入的物质是．若用来培养金黄色葡萄球菌并观察其菌落的形态，还应加入．（3）用来鉴定饮水中的大肠杆菌是否超标，除（2）题已加入的物质外，还应加入．如呈现现象，则有大肠杆菌．（4）在分离分解尿素细菌的实验时，大部分同学从培养基上筛选出大约50个菌落，而有一个同学从培养基上筛选出大约150个菌落，这种实验结果差异产生的原因可能有（填序号）．①于土样不同②由于培养基污染③由于操作失误④没有设置对照．三、解答题（共1小题，满分9分）32．（一）回答下列有关细胞的问题如图为植物细胞亚显微结构模式图（方框中填数字、横线上填文字）（1）如要对此细胞与其他细胞进行细胞融合，则必须用处理其结构以获得球形原生质体．（2）如果此细胞为植物根尖分生区组织细胞，则图中不应出现的结构有（3）在缺氧条件下，该细胞中通过无氧呼吸产生的CO2参与该细胞的光合作用需通过层磷脂分子（4）此植物根部主动吸收钾离子所需ATP可由细胞中的处合成．（5）下列生理过程中，正常情况下此细胞中可能发生的是A．DNA复制 B．RNA复制 C．转录 D．逆转录（6）此细胞中可能含有水溶性色素的结构是．四、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）33．遗传信息1952年赫尔希和蔡斯完成了著名的噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌实验，如图为其所做实验中的一组．请据图回答下列问题．（1）图1中，含有噬菌体的核酸的部分的是（用图1中字母表示）．若将其核酸彻底水解，则其水解产物是．（2）在图2实验过程中，经过离心后的沉淀中含有（3）图2实验利用了同位素标记法进行，由实验结果可知，此次实验的标记元素是，根据该组实验结果可以说明进入了细菌．该组实验能否说明蛋白质不是遗传物质？（能/不能），原因．（4）若在进行实验时，第一步加入10个含有32P的噬菌体，则经过第二步的培养，培养过程中DNA的复制方式是复制，培养瓶中含有32P的DNA可能有几个？．（多选）A．10 B.16 C.20 D.40 E.100 F.320．五、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）34．水和电解质平衡如图所示为人体内环境及调节过程部分机理，请据图回答下列问题．（1）下表中字母代表正常人体内的各种液体，由其成分判断，下表A～E液体依次为图1、图2中的．（用图中数字表示）（2）①～⑥中属于内环境的是．肾单位由和肾小球共同组成．（3）对图1、图2的叙述正确的是（多选）A．①中的液体可以直接流入④B．①的成分中含有血红蛋白C．细胞外液的pH值正常范围是7.35～7.45D．若肾脏排水功能障碍会引起水潴留E．正常人体⑤的成分中含有红细胞F．若⑤液体出现葡萄糖，则说明被测个体可能有糖尿病（4）图3中A表示，其释放的B的作用是（5）图3所示的调节方式最终使得体内渗透压稳定在固定范围内，不会过高也不会过低，这样的调节方式被称为调节．六、解答题（共1小题，满分10分）35．图1表示脂蛋白的结构模式图，图2表示血脂调节的部分原理图，请据图回答．（1）人体内脂蛋白共有4种，这四种脂蛋白的主要区别是在部分（填图1中字母），其中VLDL在人体内主要携带．（2）图2中X代表，X出脂肪细胞后的去路是．（3）图2中，当人体饥饿时，体内激素分泌会增加，从而促进（填编号）过程．（4）下列对图2的描述正确的是A．若脂肪组织中囤积了大量甘油三酯，则一定会患有高脂血症B．当人体血糖降低时，会最优先选择3、4路径升高血糖C．路径8的甘油三酯可以来源于食物，以乳糜微粒形式携带进入体内D．路径8的甘油三酯可能来源于肝脏，以高密度脂蛋白形式携带表是某患者的血脂检验报告单（5）根据检查结果，患者患有．七、解答题（共1小题，满分9分）36．现代生物进化理论以自然选择学说为核心，是达尔文自然选择学说的丰富、完善和发展．图1示意现代进化理论和达尔文自然选择学说的内容．请分析回答下列问题．（1）生物进化的基本规律是．（2）达尔文自然选择学说内容中，为自然选择提供“原材料”的是；为自然选择的实施“提供动力”的是．（3）现代进化理论认为导致基因频率发生变化的因素是；“基因频率的变化”到“新物种的形成”必须经过环节．（4）物种X的某种群中，基因型AA占46%，aa占20%，5 年后，该种群AA为48%，aa为25%，该种群是否发生进化？．并说明理由：．（5）图2曲线①、②、③分别表示同种动物三个种群A基因频率的变化．已知这三个种群分别位于海洋中三个不相连的小岛上；初始个体数依次为100，、1000和10000；A、a是等位基因，且完全显性．下列有关分析正确的是（多选）A．种群越大，则基因的丧失对该基因频率的影响也越大B．②曲线所示种群在125代时杂合体个体约占总数的37.5%C．③曲线所示种群在150代后显性个体与隐性个体比例保持在3：1D．自然选择使A基因频率发生定向改变．八、解答题（共1小题，满分11分）37．据统计，维生素A缺乏每年导致67万名五岁以下儿童死亡．因此科学家研发了一种通过基因工程使得稻米的食用部分胚乳含有维生素A的前体﹣﹣胡萝卜素的大米，胡萝卜素在人体内会转化成维生素A，可以缓解人体维生素A缺乏．这种大米的制作过程应用了根癌农杆菌介导法进行转基因操作，将能够合成胡萝卜素的酶的基因重组后导入大米的基因组中，具体原理如图1所示．（1）图1原理中X表示；Y过程表示．（2）图1中Z过程需要用到的植物激素是（多选）A．生长激素 B．细胞分裂素 C．赤霉素 D．脱落酸 E．乙烯 F．吲哚乙酸根癌农杆菌介导法转基因需要利用根癌农杆菌的Ti质粒完成，图2是Ti质粒的具体组成．（T ﹣DNA区大小约17kb）（3）若将图2质粒用限制酶I与限制酶II进行完全酶切（各个片段大小不一致），并用凝胶电泳分离酶切后的片段，电泳时分子量越小扩散越快，则电泳结果应为图3（箭头为电泳方向）中的．（4）为了筛选符合条件的农杆菌，可以在培养基中加入卡那霉素进行筛选．则可以在此培养基中生存的农杆菌类型为．（5）根癌农杆菌介导法转基因原理如图4所示．当植物受伤时会产生一种信号分子，该信号会作用于农杆菌细胞表面的．试分析接受信号分子后农杆菌将T﹣DNA导入植物细胞的过程：．九、解答题（共1小题，满分12分）41．人类的性别是由性染色体组成决定的，而有研究者发现，其实真正决定性别的是位于Y染色体上的SRY基因﹣﹣雄性的性别决定基因，其编码一个含204个氨基酸的蛋白质．即有该基因的个体即表现为男性，否则表现为女性．（1）正常女性的第二极体的染色体组成为．（2）据资料推测，SRY基因的编码区域应有碱基对（计算终止密码）．图1甲家族中，经过染色体检查发现家族中只有Ⅲ﹣1个体性征与染色体组成不符合，即Ⅲ﹣1性征表现为女性，而染色体检查结果发现其体细胞性染色体组成为XY，经过检测，发现其Y 染色体上的SRY基因缺失（用Y SRY﹣表示）．另外，甲乙两家族均没有对方家族的致病基因；若受精卵产生YY组合则个体无法存活．（3）从遗传图可以推测，III﹣1的Y染色体来源于第I代中的．（4）III﹣1发生的该种变异属于，III﹣1性状的形成是由于（填个体）体内的细胞发生了变异造成的．女性体细胞中性染色体有一特点：正常女性的两条X染色体中，仅有一条X活性正常，一条X 染色体形成巴氏小体，丧失活性（无法表达任何基因），而这种失活的X染色体随机选择．因此在X染色体上的某些隐性性状即使在杂合情况下也可以在某些细胞中体现出来，例如无汗性外胚层发育不良症（图2乙家族中的乙病致病基因，基因表示）：女性携带者（基因型为杂合子，症状表现如图3所示）表现有汗腺和无汗腺皮肤的嵌镶性状（即为患病）．这两种嵌镶的位置在个体之间明显不同，这是由于发育期一条X染色体随机失活所致．（5）图2乙家族中II﹣4基因型为，III﹣2的致病基因来自于第I代中的．（6）若甲乙两个家族中的III﹣1与III﹣2个体结婚，则后代中，男：女的性别比为，后代中患病概率为．十、解答题（共1小题，满分11分）42．加拿大一枝黄花属双子叶多年生草本植物，原产北美，作为观赏植物引入我国，现已在一些地区蔓延成灾，有“植物杀手”之称，严重威胁这些地区的生物多样性．图1为加拿大一枝黄花的光合过程作用示意图．请据图回答．（1）图1中过程II代表，代表同一种物质的是．（2）下列关于过程I叙述正确的是．A．过程I中进入NADPH的电子来源于光能B．过程I只与叶绿体色素有关，与其他色素无关C．过程I的ATP合成过程能量可以来源于植物氧化分解D．过程I发生的场所在叶绿体膜上（3）图2为加拿大一枝黄花光合速率与光强的关系，当光照强度大于μmol•m﹣2•s﹣1时，加拿大一枝黄花才能正常生长．为了研究加拿大一枝黄花在某地区的分布与危害性，有人做了如下调查：将调查的地块划分成10等份，每份内取1个样方，分别统计各样方内加拿大一枝黄花和繁缕两种植物的数量并计算其种群密度．近五年两种植物种群变化的调查结果如表：（4）分析表中数据，叙述不正确的是．A．该调查采取的方法是样方法，调查过程需要注意随机取样B．当地繁缕的基因库在5年中逐步减小C．加拿大一枝黄花与繁缕之间属于竞争关系．D．根据表中数据可知4年中辛普森指数最高的是2004年某研究小组欲研究本地繁缕消失的原因，通过实地调查他们发现：加拿大一枝黄花在代谢过程中能向环境释放一些萜类化合物影响其他植物的生长和发育．该研究小组根据这个发现欲设计实验进行验证．实验目的：探究不同温度下加拿大一枝黄花分泌物对繁缕种子萌发率的影响实验材料：加拿大一枝黄花水浸提取液、清水、繁缕种子、培养皿、脱脂棉、人工气候箱、镊子、玻璃棒、烧杯、滴管．（5）实验步骤：（1）将繁缕种子分为A、B两组，每组等分为两份（A1、A2、B1、B2），置于垫有脱脂棉的培养皿中，控制A1和B1环境温度为15℃，A2和B2环境温度为25℃．（2）A组：加入；B组：加入等量清水．（3）将A、B两组装置放入人工气候箱培养一段时间，统计种子萌发率．（6）实验步骤中B组的作用是．（7）请根据表数据转换为柱形图图3．．2016年上海市虹口区高考生物模拟试卷（B卷）（3月份）参考答案与试题解析一、单选题（每题2分，共60分）1．下列生命科学研究中，中国科学家直接参与的有几项？（）①细胞学说的提出②结晶牛胰岛素合成③酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸合成④克隆羊多利培育⑤人类基因组计划．A．2项B．3项C．4项D．5项【考点】生物进化与生物多样性的形成；人类基因组计划及其意义．【分析】1、细胞学说的建立过程：2、人类基因组计划是由美国科学家于1985年率先提出，于1990年正式启动的．美国、英国、法国、德国、日本和我国科学家共同参与了这一预算达30亿美元的人类基因组计划．3、人工合成酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸是继我国在世界上第一次人工合成结晶牛胰岛素之后，在人工合成生物大分子方面取得的又一重要成就．【解答】解：①细胞学说是由德国科学家施莱登和施旺提出的，没有中国科学家参与，①错误；②结晶牛胰岛素是由我国科学家首次合成的，②正确；③酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸是由我国科学家合成的，③正确；④克隆羊多利是英国科学家培育而成的，没有我国科学家参与，④错误；⑤人类基因组计划是由美国、英国、法国、德国、日本和我国科学家共同参与的，⑤正确；故选：B．2．由细胞合成的化合物分子中，有许多含一个或多个磷酸基．这样的化合物不可能（）A．直接为各项生命活动提供能量B．组成各种生物膜的支架C．在蛋白质合成中转运氨基酸D．使血糖浓度降低【考点】无机盐的主要存在形式和作用；蛋白质的结构和功能的综合．【分析】磷酸基团能形成ATP、核苷酸和磷脂等物质；ATP是生命活动所需能量的直接来源；核苷酸组成核酸，包括DNA和RNA；磷脂构成了细胞膜的基本骨架．【解答】解：A、ATP中含有3个磷酸基团，能直接为各项生命活动提供能量；故A错误．B、磷脂双分子层是各种生物膜的基本骨架；故B错误．C、在蛋白质合成中转运RNA转运氨基酸，RNA的基本单位是核糖核苷酸，含有磷酸、含N碱基和核糖；故C错误．D、胰岛素使得血糖浓度降低，化学本质是蛋白质，基本单位是氨基酸，不含有磷酸基团；故D正确．故选：D．3．若在低倍显微镜下用目镜测微尺测量细胞长径（如图），则转换高倍物镜后观察到的图象是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】细胞观察实验．【分析】目镜测微尺安装于目镜镜筒的光阑上，是直接来测量物体的长度的，但是它的刻度所代表的长度依着显微镜的放大倍数而改变，在不同放大倍数的物镜下观察的测微尺的刻度相同．【解答】解：A、该图中没有目镜测微尺，A错误；B、该物象中，气孔及保卫细胞的放大倍数增大，目镜测微尺与低倍镜下相同，B正确；C、该物象气孔及保卫细胞的面积没有增大，反而减小，C错误；D、该物象中的目镜测微尺与低倍镜下不符，D错误，D错误．故选：B．4．下列微生物中，属于自养型微生物且存在染色体结构的是（）A．酵母菌B．自生固氮菌C．硅藻 D．蓝藻【考点】原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同．【分析】自养微生物能够把无机物转变成有机物，不需要从外界吸收有机物，自养微生物分为两类：化能自养型和光能自养型．一般包括绿色植物、蓝藻、硝化细菌等．【解答】解：A、酵母菌细胞中有染色体，但是属于异养生物，A错误；B、自生固氮菌属于原核生物，没有染色体，并且属于异养生物，B错误；C、硅藻属于真核生物，具有染色体和叶绿体，因此能够进行光合作用，属于自养生物，C正确；D、蓝藻虽然能够进行光合作用，但是由于属于原核生物，细胞中没有染色体，D错误．故选：C．5．下列关于细胞的叙述中，正确的项数是（）①能光合作用的细胞一定是植物细胞②没有大液泡的细胞一定是动物细胞③有细胞壁的细胞可能不是植物细胞④有两个中心粒的细胞一定处于分裂期⑤细胞结构的生物，其遗传物质一定是DNA⑥能进行光合作用的细胞一定能进行呼吸作用．A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5【考点】原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同．。

上海自主招生试题整理(中考)

上海自主招生试题整理（中考）一、格致（一）（格致分5门科目：综合（类似语文政治社会结合）、数学、英语、物理、化学）综合：老师要听你发表自己的见解，比较礼貌可以加分。

数学：5道题目= =都是不细心错的.英语：还可以，表达流利一点就很好了。

物理：拓展的题目.给你一个故事，然后让你于这些故事中找出学过的物理知识。

还有个就是跑车上的某装置的作用，是很活的题目。

化学：比较提高的题目.=================================经验总结（对即将自荐的和下一届想去推格致的）1.一定要有礼貌2.不能猴急，想好了慢慢做，他们会问你解题的思路3.要有充分的准备（二）B卷综合：我也忘记进去说老师好了= = 结果走的时候说了句老师再见...伤心啊看了一篇阅读然后回答问题。

还有两张图，问你看法老师抽着问的。

她问了我个怎么当个受人欢迎的人数学：错了2题。

一题漏了个负号、一题不会...个人觉得还是数学老师比较耐心啊英语：口头的两篇作文。

一篇是电脑游戏、一篇是食品包装感觉一般般吧物理：1.测地窖二氧化碳浓度怎么样的方法2.测食用油密度这个我是在乱说的...化学：那位老师也问我有没有参加竞赛。

我那张考的是化学实验较多礼貌果然很重要。

二、延安（一）今天的笔试怪：语文：有几题实在不知道，数学：有几题也是无解了，英语：倒是蛮简单的，理化：物理的电路图令人发指。

电脑：推理测试也怪，特别是最后几道，我基本只有二分之三的题目有把握面试：比想象的简单，有两位同学走时竟然忘记把椅子推进去了，我一跃而起，感到自己捡到钱包了一样帮他们把椅子放好，但愿监考老师能看到。

延安是重男轻女的。

（二）我小孩考的结果：数理化：都做出来了，英语：基本可以，语文：有些难可能跟平时文学知识欠缺有关。

电脑：综合测试只要逻辑思维好是不难的。

面试：是有关创新主题。

三、进才（一）早上最好进去地早些，不然路上是非常堵滴！从8：30开始两个小时的考试，内容主要是：语文: 课外积累——错别字，一些小知识点；数学: 学过奥数的，再次体验一下吧～英语：文章好长呀（在来不及的时候，相对比较来看，英语的题目最难）物理和化学、逻辑等等：都蛮简单的哦～然后我们再次用11路回到礼堂，和校长一起谈谈学校。

虹口区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三期终教学质量监控测试(含答案解析)

虹口区2017-2018学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷第I 卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. 2:02.B. 2:20.C. 2:50.D. 2:32.2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】页1A. Mother and child.B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. At a hairdresser’s.B. At the dentist’s.C. At a fashion show.D. At the tailor’s.4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The man lost his way.B. The man was locked in the room.C. He couldn’t open the door.D. He didn’t want to enter the room.5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She is working at a newspaper.B. She used to change her job quite often.页2C. She often has lunch with her supervisor.D. She wants her supervisor’s comments on her work.6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The man’s glasses are up to date.B. The man should wear his glasses in class.C. The man should have changed his glasses.D. The man shouldn’t sit at the back of the classroom.7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Take the bus with him.B. Drive him home from the station.C. Call him this evening.D. Drive him to the station.8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Where he is studying.B. What subject he is studying.页3C. How long he has been abroad.D. When he is returning.9.此处有音频，请去附件查看】【A. She wants to buy a new computer.B. She wants to know moreabout computers.C. She is unwilling to listen to the man.D. She believes what the manis talking about.10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Because she hasn’t shown up.B. Because she drives tooslowly.C. Because she is very rude to him.D. Because she is always in arush.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and onelonger conversation, and you will be asked several questions on eachof the passages and the conversation. The passages and the页4conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. A laboratory assistant.B. A doctor.C. A teacher of a laboratory.D. A professor in the hospital.12.A. He will be punished severely.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He can make up the classes.D. He will be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.13.A. It should be cut.页5B. It must be fastened tightly back.C. It should be reported as an accident.D. The long hair wearer will be asked to leave the class.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14. A. In the 1870s. B. In 1926. C. By 1940. D. By 1817.15.A. He wanted to cut back production costs.B. He wanted the working people to earn more money.C. He thought the Americans’life should be organized in a better way.D. He thought the five-day workweek was good for the economy.16.A. People drink a lot of alcohol.B. Night movies sell more tickets.C. TV shows more films of murder and love.页6D. People do things with emotion and purpose at night.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17.A. The design of the courses.B. The choice of the courses.C. The registration of the courses.D. The evaluation of the courses.18.A. Mathematics.B. Modern History.C. Chemistry.D. International Trade.19.A. Go directly to the classes.B. Ask other students for help.C. Speak to Professor Anderson.D. Go to the registration office first.20.A. To register at least one selective course every term.页7B. To register for at least one course each year.C. To register for the courses before the deadline.D. To choose no more than two courses every term.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人)?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they ___21___ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , ___22___ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, ___23___ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the页8right strategy towards each,”said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work ___24___ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’complaints could damage your image and give others the impression ___25___ you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,”said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see ___26___ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from ___27___ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,”she said, “They feel better when ___28___ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask页9about the specifics and work together with them ___29___ (fix) everything technically.”he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,”said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “___30___ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our ___31___, by页10understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid ___32___ problems in the future.Making ethical (伦理的)decisions is a(n) ___33___ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To ___34___ risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as ___35___. But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional”does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a ___36___.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,”“I’m not hurting anyone,”or “I really need this grade.”Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not ___37___ because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.”We must be honest about our actions, and ___38___ excuses. If we fool ourselves into ___39___ we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.页11To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ___40___ of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Migrant workersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have ___41___ most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the___42___ in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to ___43___ outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has页12brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the ___44___ living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a ___45___ attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low ___46___ or a complete lack of it. This ___47___ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. ___48___, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort.___49___, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ___50___ to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do___51___ work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are ___52___ ones. They are nearly always on contract, so页13it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be ___53___ since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this ___54___, along with others, because of the ___55___ financial benefits which they receive.41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words页1449. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D.However50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D.challenge .51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected54 A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potentialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that页15fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step”on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap”forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,”he said in an interview earlier this year.页16Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,”Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),”his family said to Reuters.页17.56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work wellB. believed the module would land safely on the moonC. had prepared himself to face possible failureD planned to land the module on the moon by himself57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?A. He was angry.B. He was troubled by it.C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.58. By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that _____________A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognized页18B. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successesC. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less importantD. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?A. He was ambitious.B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.C. He balanced his life and work well.D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.(B)You may read the questions first.Indian Heroes and Great ChieftainsThe book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.页19—Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised页20页21s Warrior Woman as a heroine good atone页22.60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?A. He was friendly to his soldier.B. He showed great courage.C. He was a great talker.D. He was respected.61From the passage we can infer that __________.A. Sitting Bull disliked travelingB. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian historyC. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrowsD. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses62. The main purpose of the passage is to __________.A. show Indians’lives to readersB. describe great Indian heroes and heroinesC. show the history of the IndiansD. comment on a history book(C)页23Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅)in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures(布伦特原油期货), the benchmark (基准)contract for pricingtwo-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in页24the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade.页25It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches”in Line 2Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems ,页2665. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.页27Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ___67___ For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ___68___Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted页28follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.___69___ The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer”as an important social role. ___70___ Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.页29A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.IV. Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness Therapy页30When most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teachself-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer页31examination, some “therapy”groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________第II卷(共40分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 熬夜大大影响健康。

上海市虹口区2017-2018学年第一学期期末考试七年级英语学科试卷 (word版)

上海市虹口区2017-2018学年第一学期期末考试七年级英语学科试卷 (word版)虹口2017 学年度第一学期期末考试七年级英语学科试卷（满分100 分）(2018.1)(注意：全部答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上的答案不予评分。

)Part I Listening(第一部分听力) （共26 分）I.Listen and choose the right picture. (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片。

) (5 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.II.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear. (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案。

) (8 分) ( ) 1. A.￥5. B. ￥30.5. C. ￥30. D. ￥35.5.( () 2.) 3.A. KittyC. Kitty and her parents.A. Chinese medicine.B. Kitty’s parents.D. Kitty and her friends.B. Dr. Black’s office.C. A book.D. A shelf.() 4. A. By car. B. By bike C. By bus. D. On foot.() 5. A. A secretary. B. A dentist. C. A nurse. D. A shop assistant.() 6. A. At home. B. In a hospital.() 7. C. In a library.A. She doesn’t have an idea.D. In a restaurant.B. She doesn’t work there.C. She doesn’t go there.D. She doesn’t know the way.() 8. A. They are having a meeting. B. They are making a phone call.C. They are having lunch.D. They are talking about Tom.III.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false. (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用T 表示，不符合的用F 表示。

上海市2017-2018学年高三上学期高考自招模拟卷英语试题3 Word版含答案

上海重点高中2017-2018学年高考预测（听力删减）英语试卷（三）考生注意：1. 考试时间100分钟, 试卷满分120分。

2. 本试卷设试卷和答题卷两部分。

试卷分为第I卷和第II卷。

所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题卷纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Alan and Linda always dreamed of living “the good life”. Both from poor working-class families, they married young and set out to fulfil their mutual goal of becoming wealthy. They both worked very hard for years. ____25____(earn) enough money, they finally could move from theirtwo-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighbourhood. They focused their energies on trying to have ____26____they considered important for a good life: membership in the local country club, luxury cars, designer clothing, and high-class society friends. ____27____much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. They were unable to remove the financial insecurity that ____28____(acquire) in childhood. Then the stock market crashed in 1987, and Alan and Linda lost a considerable amount of money. Alan also suffered from heart attack, ____29____cost the family much. One thing led to ____30____, and they found themselves in a financial disaster. Their house needed to be sold, and eventually they lost the country club membership and the cars. It was several years ____31____Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet, and though they now live a life far from wealthy, they have learned a valuable lesson from their lives and felt quite blessed. Only now, as they think of what ____32____(remain) —a solid, loving marriage, a dependable income, and good friends —do they realize that true abundance comes not from gathering fortunes, but rather from appreciating.(B)We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young, ____33____(treat) his father. It is only when he looks back on how he has grown up ____34____he begins to understand his father’s unselfish love.In remembering the small things his father did ____35____him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped ____36____ notice in the past.As he recalls how his father warmed the house, the speaker’s coldness toward his father starts to melt away. In its place is love and gratitude. It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing, or always warm and affectionate, but ____37____well be cold and stern in appearance. In fact, mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice.During our stressful teen years, we may find that our parents, especially our fathers, have difficulty____38____(show) their love for us verbally —sometimes when we need it most. This is certainly very discouraging. However, if we remember ____39____(be) grateful or not so self-centered, we will see that their love has always been there, only ____40____(express) in ways different from what we may have expected.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.[A]initial[B]finance[C]significantly [D]overwhelmed[E weakened[F]generate[G]afford[H]hardships[I]survive[J]reacted[K]necessarilyIn times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won't _41_____ represent. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression ___42___ American families, and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to __43____ huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't __44____ to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to __45____ their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially ___46___ to losing his job "with tireless search for work."He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain(持续) Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the ___47___ boost in morale(士气). For some, the __48____ of life without steady work eventually __49____ their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment. Today's economic crisis could well _50_____ a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people complain that their memory is bad, particularly as they get older. Life would be so much easier if we could remember things __51__. So how can we improve our memory?Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory (remembering a telephone number for a few seconds, __52__), psychologists doubt whether it can help you to remember things for long. The British psychologist E.C. Stanford seemed to __53__ this point when he tested himself on five prayers that he had read aloud every morning for over 25 years. He found that he could remember no more than three words of them! __54__, especially for remembering numbers, is ‘chunking’ (分块), or grouping theinformation. The following numbers would be __55__ for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in ‘chunks’, and it becomes much easier. 1492 1789 1993 1848.So what about ‘memory training’? We’ve all __56__ people who can memorise packs of card by heart --- how is this done and can anyone learn how to do it? __57__ experts, there are various ways of training your memory. Many of them __58__ forming a mental picture of the items to be memorised. One method, which may be useful in learning foreign languages, is to create a picture in your mind __59__ a word you want to remember. Another method is to invent a story that includes all the things you want to remember. People were asked to remember up to 120 words using this technique; when tested afterwards, on average, they were able to __60__ 90 per cent of them! Surprisingly, however, there is nothing __61__ about these methods --- they were around even in ancient times. Apparently the Roman general Publius Scipio could __62__ his entire army --- 35,000 men in total!__63__, not all of us are interested in learning long lists of names and numbers just for fun. For those studying large quantities of information, psychologists suggest that the best way to ‘form __64__ connections’ is to ask yourself lots of questions as you go along. So, for example, if you were reading about a particular disease, you would ask yourself questions like: ‘Do people get it from water?’, ‘What parts of the body does it affect?’ and so on. This is said to be far more effective than time spent ‘__65__’ reading and re-reading notes.51. A. effortlessly B. purposefully C. exactly D. carelessly52. A. by contrast B. in that case C. in no way D. for example53. A. raise B. prove C. discuss D. stress54. A. More helpful B. Much worse C. More difficult D. Much shorter55. A. convenient B. impossible C. meaningful D. technical56. A. agreed with B. learned from C. heard about D. apologized for57. A. Due to B. In case of C. According to D. In spite of58. A. exclude B. mean C. suggest D. involve59. A. isolated from B. sensitive to C. responsible for D. associated with60. A. recall B. recite C. revise D. restore61. A. effective B. awful C. valuable D. new62. A. train B. recognize C. lead D. command63. A. Furthermore B. However C. Summarily D. Therefore64. A. unknown B. loose C. meaningful D. personal65. A. passively B. silently C. amusingly D. extensivelySection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they're paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts tomake money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they're paying for Face book because people don't really know what their personal data is worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that many things you city. Your photo, your friends' names-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet. According to Facebook's vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don't share information They have a "less satisfying experience".Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they're online connecting with their friends?The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites."I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them," Schrage admits.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it's only the beginning. Which is why I'm considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I'm upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don't That's too high a price to pay.66.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.B)It makes money by putting on advertisements.C)It profits by selling its users' personal data.D)It provides loads of information to its users.67 What does the author say about most Facebook users?A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information.B)They don't know their personal data enriches Facebook.C)They don't identify themselves when using the website.D)They care very little about their personal information.68.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?A)To render better service to its users.B)To conform to the Federal guidelines.C)To improve its users' connectivity.D)To expand its scope of business.69.Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?A)He is dissatisfied with its current service.B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy.C)He doesn't want his personal data abused.D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes.(B)Walking, cycling or hopping on to public transport are the best ways to travel with a clean conscience. Yet cars remain an important option for many families because of its convenience. For people in rural areas, or with mobility problems, a car can be an essential lifeline.Drive with styleNo matter what kind of car you run, the least reliable part will be you: your driving style has a massive impact on the fuel needed, with acceleration, gear-changing and braking all playing a significant role.Inching a long at the pace of a child’s tricycle might feel frugal but won’t magically yield peak economy. In most modern cars, accelerate normally, changing up at 2,000rpm in a diesel, or 2,500rpm in apetrol-powered car. Once at a sensible steady speed, choose the highest gear that will let the engine run without labouring.A number of eco-driving apps are available for smartphones, to help you improve your smoothness. The A Glass of Water iPhone app offers tipsto help you avoid spilling a drop. The free RAC Traffic app is also a great way to avoid wasting fuel in traffic jams.It’s also important to:● Check tyre pressures once a month.● Leave junk at home. Carrying extra weight in the boot wastes excess fuel.● Leave in good time and don’t speed. An ex tra 10mph on the motorway will add 10% to your fuel bill.Power playsIt may be decades before alternative fuels such as hydrogen become commonplace, but hybrid cars that use battery power to boost a petrol or diesel engine are already available in every category. It means many families might find an electric vehicle ideal as a second car.Sell your wheels, still travel by carIf you need a car for short periods, such as shopping, and live in a city, then consider a short-term car-hire service such as Zipcar instead of owning a car. If you’re travelling longer distances, pay your share of the fuel costs to someone who’s already driving there.70. What can you infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A. Choosing a fuel-saving car matters more than your driving style.B. Your driving style matters most to the fuel needed.C. You should rely on yourself to drive a car.D. Whether a car saves fuel depends largely on the car you choose.71. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. ecologicalB. convenientC. economicalD. beneficial72. Which of the following is NOT a suggested way of saving fuel according to the writer?A. Driving along at a very low speed.B. Checking tyre pressures regularly.C. Putting the extra weight off the boot.D. Applying the eco-driving apps on smartphones73.Which may be the best choice for a visiting scholar who frequently gives lectures at colleges in a neighboring town?A. Walking.B. Owning an electric vehicle.C. Renting a car.D. Buying a stylish car（C）The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simplyhighlight how unhappy they are.The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.74.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.D) The power of positive thinking is limited.75 What does the author mean by "…you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.76. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.77. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,”that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film —and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film a nd photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS) 81. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?82. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?83. The author says Kodak’s history has become ______________.84. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?第II 卷（共47 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.生态旅游似乎正在全世界迅速发展。

上海初三自招真题含详细答案

A
D
A
D
B
B
B
E
C
B
EH
C
【答】 3 或 3 ． 2
【解析】设 BE x ，过 B 作 BH BC 于 H ，
（1） BEC 90 ， AEB 45 ， x AB 3 ，
（2） BCE 90 ， B 在 CD 上， H 与 C 重合，
由 BB AE ， BB 2 x 3 ， BH BB 3
的取值范围是______________．
【答】 a 2 ．
A
D
【解析】以 AD 中点为圆心 a 为半径作圆应与 BC 有交点， 2
a 1 a 2． 2
B
C
7. 已知锐角 ABC 的三边长恰为三个连续正整数，AB BC CA ，若 BC 边上的高为 AD，
则 BD DC ______________．
36x
显然 k 0 ，当 y kx 过 3, 2 则 k 2 ，恰有两交点，
3
当 k 2 ，三条直线平行，于是 2 k 2 ． 3
5. 如图，在梯形 ABCD 中， AB / /CD ， CD AB ，设 E、F 分别是 AC、BD 的中点，AC 与 BD 交于点 O，已知 OEF 是边长为 1 的正三角形， BOC 的面积为 15 3 ，则梯形 4 ABCD 的面积为______________．
锐角，连接 CD、BD，且 CD a ，则 BD ______________．
【答】 2a ．
【解析】设 OC 1 ，则 OB 4 ，
D
OD OA 2 ， OC OB OD2 ，
OCD ∽ ODB ，相似比1: 2
BD 2CD 2a ．
O
C

2018上海中学自招真题及答案

得到△ACB ，则点 C 的坐标是
【答案】
3 (,
3)
22
【解析】如右图所示易得
CAD BAO 60
过C 作CD x 轴于点 D 在△ACD 中 AC 1 易解得
AD 1 ， CD 3
22Leabharlann 即 C( 3 , 3 )22
7、一张矩形纸片 ABCD ， AD 9， AB 12 ，将纸片折叠，使 A 、 C 两点重合，折痕的长是
y1 x0 0
故4 m 0 m 4 0
4
则 0 解得4 m 4 0 m 4 （2）当m 0 时，同理解得m 0 （3）当m 0 时， y1 0 恒成立
综上所述， m 4
11、已知a 、b 、c 是互不相等的实数， x 是任意实数，
2018 上海市上海中学自招部分真题
1、因式分解： 6x3 11x2 x 4 【答案】(x 1)(3 x 4)(2 x 1) 【解析】试根法易得 x 1时，上式值为 0. 利用长除法可得原式= (x 1)(6 x2 5 x 4) = (x 1)(3 x 4)(2 x 1)
化简： x a2 x b2 x c2 a ba c c ba b c ac b
【答案】1
x a2 b c x b2 c a x c2a b
=
a bb cc a
【答案】 45
4
【解析】如右图所示
易得 AC 92 122 15
所以OC 15
2
△C△OF∽ ABC
所以 OF OC 解得OF 45 即 EF 45
AB BC
8

《试卷3份集锦》上海市虹口区2017-2018年八年级上学期期末达标测试物理试题

初二上学期期末物理试卷一、选择题1．关于参照物的选择，下列说法正确的是（）A ．必须选择地面上静止不动的物体，才能作为参照物B ．对于同一物体，即使选择的参照物不同，运动和静止的情况也是相同的C ．参照物可以任意选择，但所选参照物不同，运动和静止的情况可能不同D ．以上说法都不对【答案】C【详解】A ．参照物可任意选择，既可以是运动的物体，也可以是静止的物体，具体选哪一种物体为参照物，是以研究问题的方便而定的，一般选择相对地面不动的物体，故A 错误；BCD ．由于运动和静止是相对的，所以，不事先选定参照物，就无法对某个物体的运动状态作出肯定的回答；研究同一物体的运动状态，如果选择不同的参照物，得出的结论可能不同，即可能是运动的，也可能是静止的，但都是正确的结论，故BD 错误，C 正确。

故选C 。

2．下面是我们学习过的一些物理量的单位，其中错误的是( )A ．光年是时间的单位B ．赫兹是声音频率的单位C ．纳米是长度的单位D ．分贝是表示声音强度等级的单位【答案】A【详解】A ．光年是测量长度的单位，它指的是光在一年内通过的距离，不是时间的单位，A 错误，符合题意；B ．赫兹符合是Hz ，它是声音频率的单位，B 正确，不合题意；C ．纳米符合是nm ，它是长度的单位，C 正确，不合题意；D ．分贝符合是dB ，它是表示声音强度等级的单位，D 正确，不合题意。

3．质量和体积都相等的三个空心球，分别由铝、铁、铜制成，已知ρρρ<<铜铝铁，由此可得三个球空心部分体积的关系是A ．铜球的最大B ．铁球的最大C ．铝球的最大D ．一样大【答案】A【解析】试题分析：由ρ=得：V 实铜=，V 实铝=，V 实铁=，因为铜、铁、铝的质量相等，且ρ铜＞ρ铁＞ρ铝，所以V 实铜最小，因为铜、铁、铝三球的体积相等所以铜球的空心部分体积就最大；故选A．4．据我省地震局测定：2019年12月08日16时10分，在江苏盐城市东台市海域(北纬33.06度、东经121.39度)发生4.1级地震，震源深度15公里，震中距我省边界47公里。

上海市虹口区初三2017-2018学年第一学期英语期末试卷

虹口区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试初三英语试卷2018.1Part 1 Listening（第一部分听力）Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）（）7. A. At the hospital. B. At the supermarket.C. At the book store.D. At the post office.（）8. A. At 8:45. B. At 9:15. C. At 9:45. D. At 10:15（）9. A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Snowy. D. Sunny.（）10. A. He can’t find his car key. B. He has a job interview.C. He can’t find a taxi.D. He is not clever enough.（）11. A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student.C. Manager and customer.D. Boss and clerk.（）12. A. The sports broadcasts on Channel 36. B. English learning.C. An English programme.D. Rich natural resources.（）13. A. Satisfied. B. Difficult. C. Disappointed. D. Embarrassed.（）14. A. The two speakers had a good time at the party.B. The boss of the man’s wife’s left the party early.C. Inviting the wife’s boss to the party was a mistake.D. The boss was angry with her wife.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）（）15. An earthquake happened in Johnny’s town one day.（）16. People were worried because there might be another earthquake.（）17. Like many friends, Johnn y’s parents sent their son away.（）18. As Uncle Peter loved playing with children, he liked to live with Johnny.（）19. Johnny stayed with his Uncle Peter for less than a week.（）20. According to Uncle Peter, Johnny was more trouble than an earthquake.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences（听对话，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共10分）21. The woman wanted to report _________ _________.22. A man took away my bag and ________ _________ quickly.23. This happened outside the library at ________ ________.24. He was of _________ _________ with short dark hair and glasses.25. There aren’t any marks on the bag except a ________ ________ on the strap（带子）.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. methodB. scheduleC. textD. serious27. We have to share the kitchen for _______ time being.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. The local government is planning to dig _____ the mountain to make a tunnel（隧道）.A. acrossB. throughC. aboveD. throughout29. The film Wolf Warriors Ⅱturned _____ to be a big success in 2017.A. outB. overC. onD. down30. She is brave enough to express _____ in public now.A. sheB. herC. herselfD. hers31. The old man has so _____ friends that he feels very lonely.A. fewB. muchC. manyD. little32. People are worried about the ____ of the 7-year-old boy who has been missing for two days.A. saveB. safeC. safelyD. safety33. Jane felt much ____ after she told her worries to her close friend.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best34. –Can I fish here?–No, you ____. The sign says,―No fishing.‖A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. may notD. shouldn’t35. Do you still want to go camping in such cold weather ____ have you changed your mind?A. andB. orC. butD. so36. Tom won’t play computer games _____ he finishes his homework.A. ifB. so thatC. unlessD. although37. We haven’t decided ____ we will hang the new painting.A. whatB. whereC. whichD. why38. The living conditions in the countryside _____ greatly in recent years.A. improveB. improvedC. has improvedD. will improve39. Jane, _____ eat too many sweets. They are bad for your teeth.A. not toB. doesn’tC. don’tD. not40. These invitations _______ to the customers by the secretary yesterday.A. emailB. emailedC. are emailedD. were emailed41. The little girl refused _____ the medicine because it was too bitter.A. takeB. takingC. to takingD. to take42. I have just finished _____ the review of the film I saw yesterday.A. writeB. writingC. to writingD. to write43. Mr. White rarely shares his opinions with his workmates, ____?A. does heB. doesn’t heC. is heD. isn’t he44. –You don’t look well. What’s wrong with you?–_____.A. I have got a terrible stomachache.B. I won the first place in the contest.C. There is nothing serious.D. I’m surprised at the result.45. –_____.–Have a nice day!A. My family will have a barbecue today.B. Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?C. Would you like to have a picnic with us?D. I succeeded in passing the driving test. Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only beFor many people, personal privacy（独处）is very important. In many homes, a few minutes in the bathroom is all the privacy that is available.Teenagers especially need their own personal space at home where they can feel relaxed and private. But, of course, not all teenagers are lucky enough to have a room ___46___. They often have to share a bedroom with a brother or sister. In that ___47___, it’s good idea for them to have a special area or ___48___ of the room. It’s especially important for young people to have somewhere to keep their personal things. This may or may not be a tidy place and it is not a good idea for parents to try and tell teenagers how to organize their space as this is likely to ___49___ arguments. Parents can, however, make sure that there are enough storage spaces such as shelves,You may have no idea about how ___50___ our motherland is. With a history of more than 5,000 years, China has always been a mysterious land to foreigners. In 2008, a documentary（纪录片）called Wild China was broadcast on BBC. There were six episodes（集）in all—Heart of the Dragon, Shangri la, Tibet, Beyond the Great Wall, Land of the Panda and Tides of Change. This 300-minute long documentar y shocked the audience with China’s beautiful scenery.Wild China may be the best of China. However, it is more than a travelogue. The documentary not only ___51___ the wildlife of China but also the way it ___52___ and interacts with human life. From high definition cameras, you can see the beautiful Himalayas and the Gobi desert; you can take a look at the hills of Southern China filled with rice paddies（水稻田）and the land of the panda; you can also discover how silk is collected and the history of the Silk Road.It is interesting to see what our motherland ___53___ from foreigners’ eyes. If you are too busy to travel around China, you are in luck because Wild China can take you on a visual journey of our motherland.Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。

2018年上海中学自主招数学试卷-含答案详解

2018年上海中学自主招数学试卷一、选择题（本大题共4小题，共12.0分。

在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. 已知x2+ax−12能分解成两个整数系数的一次因式的积，则整数a的个数有( )A. 0B. 2C. 4D. 62. 如图，D、E分别为△ABC的底边所在直线上的两点，BD=EC，过A作直线l，作DM//BA 交l于M，作EN//CA交l于N.设△ABM面积为S1，△ACN面积为S2，则( )A. S1>S2B. S1=S2C. S1<S2D. S1与S2的大小与过点A的直线位置有关3. 设p1、p2、q1、q2为实数，则p1p2=2(q1+q2)，若方程甲：x2+p1x+q1=0，乙：x2+ p2x+q2=0，则( )A. 甲必有实根，乙也必有实根B. 甲没有实根，乙也没有实根C. 甲、乙至少有一个有实根D. 甲、乙是否总有一个有实根不能确定4. 设a=121+223+325+⋯+100722013，b=123+225+327+⋯+100722015，则以下四个选项中最接近a−b的整数为( )A. 252B. 504C. 1007D. 2013二、填空题（本大题共8小题，共24.0分）5. 已知1a +1b=1a+b，则ba+ab的值等于______ ．6. 有______个实数x，可以使得√120−√x为整数．7. 如图，△ABC中，AB=AC，CD=BF，BD=CE，用含∠A的式子表示∠EDF，则∠EDF=______．8. 在直角坐标系中，抛物线y=x2+mx−34m2(m>0)与x轴交于A，B两点.若A，B两点到原点的距离分别为OA，OB，且满足1OB −1OA=23，则m的值等于_______．9. 定圆A的半径为72，动圆B的半径为r，r<72且r是一个整数，动圆B保持内切于圆A且沿着圆A的圆周滚动一圈，若动圆B开始滚动时的切点与结束时的切点是同一点，则r共有______个可能的值．10. 学生若干人租游船若干只，如果每船坐4人，就余下20人，如果每船坐8人，那么就有一船不空也不满，则学生共有______人．11. 对于各数互不相等的正整数组(a1,a2,…a n)(n是不小于2的正整数)，如果在i<j时有a i>a j，则称a i与a j是该数组的一个“逆序”，例如数组(2,4,3,1)中有逆序“2，1”、“4，3”、“4，1”、“3，1”，其逆序数为4，现若各数互不相同的正整数组(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6)的逆序数为2，则(a6,a5,a4,a3,a2,a1)的逆序数为______．12. 若n为正整数，则使得关于x的不等式1121<nx+n<1019有唯一的整数解的n的最大值为______．三、解答题（本大题共2小题，共16.0分。

上海市虹口区重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末学业质量监测物理试题含解析

上海市虹口区重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末学业质量监测物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．(本题9分)如图所示，半径为R的光滑半圆轨道竖直放置．小球以一定的速度从A点进入半圆轨道．重力加速度为g．若小球恰能通过轨道的最高点B．则A．小球在B点受到重力和向心力的作用B．小球在A点所受支持力大小为mgC．小球通过B点时的速度为D．小球在A点时的速度为【答案】C【解析】【详解】A、小球在B点受重力作用，靠重力提供向心力;故A错误.B、C、D、根据，知小球在B点的速度为，根据动能定理得:,解得;根据牛顿第二定律得，解得N=6mg;故B、D错误，C正确.故选C.【点睛】解决本题的关键知道小球做圆周运动向心力的来源，结合牛顿第二定律和动能定理进行分析．2．(本题9分)一质点在连续的4s内做匀加速直线运动，在第一个2s内位移为12m，第二个2s内位移为16m，下面说法正确的是（）A．质点在第1s末的速度大小为4m/sB．质点在第2s末的速度大小为6m/sC．质点的加速度大小为1m/s2D．质点的加速度大小为6m/s2【答案】C【解析】【分析】由题意可知，质点做匀加速直线运动，又给出了两段相邻的相同时间内的位移，我们能够联想到运动学中的两个重要推论：2X aT =与02v v v +=；从而可以计算出加速度a 与第一个2s 内中间时刻的瞬时速度，再运用运动学基本规律即可解决问题．【详解】质点做匀加速直线运动，由2X aT =可得()216122m a -=⨯，21/a m s =，C 选项正确，D 选项错误；第一个2s 内的平均速度16/v m s =，此速度等于该阶段中间时刻的瞬时速度，故第1s 末的速度大小为6/m s ，A 选项错误；由匀变速直线运动公式0v v at =+，带入第1s 末的速度与加速度，可得第2s 末的速度大小为8/m s ，B 选项错误．故选C ．【点睛】解决运动学的问题时，除了要能熟练使用基本的运动学公式外，还要加强对运动学中重要推论的理解和使用．有些运动学问题用推论解决往往会有事半功倍的效果．3．下列物理量中属于标量的是( )A ．线速度B ．角速度C ．周期D ．向心加速度【答案】C【解析】【详解】A. 线速度是矢量，故A 错误；B. 角速度是矢量，故B 错误；C. 周期是标量，故C 正确；D. 向心加速度是矢量，故D 错误。