备考P7的那些题(一)
工程制图—考试题库及答案——2022年整理
两铅垂面的交线是收藏A.正垂线B.水平线C.铅垂线D.侧平线回答错误!正确答案:C用正垂面截切圆球,其交线的水平投影为收藏A.矩形B.圆C.抛物线D.椭圆回答错误!正确答案:D连接时,被连接件需要作出螺纹孔的有收藏A.销连接B.螺钉连接C.键连接D.螺栓连接回答错误!正确答案:B下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号2B.序号3C.序号1D.序号4回答错误!正确答案:D水平线收藏A.平行于V面B.平行于W面C.平行于H面D.倾斜于H面回答错误!正确答案:C下面四组视图中,主视图中的交线投影,画的正确的是收藏A.CB.BC.DD.A回答错误!正确答案:A 画尺寸线规定是收藏A.用细虚线B.用细实线C.用细点画线D.用粗实线回答错误!正确答案:B 空间两直线相交,其收藏A.只有两投影相交B.三投影可能同时相交C.三个投影不一定相交D.三投影同时相交,且交点为同一个点的三投影回答错误!正确答案:D移出断面的轮廓线用收藏A.粗实线B.细点画线C.波浪线D.细实线回答错误!正确答案:A主视图是向哪个投影面投射得到的视图收藏A.后面B.WC.VD.H回答错误!正确答案:C已知圆锥被切后的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:A俯视图是向哪个投影面投射得到的视图收藏A.HB.后面C.VD.W回答错误!正确答案:A下图中水平面P与圆锥表面的交线为收藏A.抛物线B.椭圆C.圆D.双曲线回答错误!正确答案:C已知主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B斜二等测图沿Y轴的轴向伸缩系数为收藏A.1.2B.1C.0.5D.0.82回答错误!正确答案:C已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B后视图是从()投射得到的收藏A.后向左B.后向前C.后向右D.后向下回答错误!正确答案:B国家标准对齿轮轮齿部分的画法作了统一规定,分度线用收藏A.细点画线绘制B.粗实线绘制C.细虚线绘制D.细实线绘制回答错误!正确答案:A局部剖视图中,剖视与视图的分界线一般用收藏A.波浪线B.粗实线C.细实线D.虚线回答错误!正确答案:A主视图反映物体的收藏A.长和高B.长和宽C.长宽高D.宽和高回答错误!正确答案:A国家标准对齿轮轮齿部分的画法作了统一规定,分度圆用收藏A.粗实线绘制B.细实线绘制C.细虚线绘制D.细点画线绘制回答错误!正确答案:D已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B平面正方形垂直于W面,其收藏A.正面投影积聚成直线B.侧面投影反映实形C.水平投影积聚成直线D.侧面投影积聚成直线回答错误!正确答案:D侧垂线收藏A.垂直于V面B.垂直于H面C.倾斜于V面D.垂直于W面回答错误!正确答案:D在装配图中,明细栏应画在收藏A.标题栏的下方B.标题栏的前方C.标题栏的右方D.标题栏的上方回答错误!正确答案:D空间两平行正平线的投影特点是收藏A.正面投影平行B.水平投影相交C.侧面投影相交D.正面投影相交回答错误!正确答案:B空间两点的X,Z坐标值相同,则两点在收藏A.V面上重影B.H面上重影C.W面上重影D.V、H面上重影回答错误!正确答案:A下图中收藏A.点A在点B的上左前方B.点A在点B的上右后方C.点A在点B的上左后方D.点A在点B的上左前方回答错误!正确答案:C已知某物长为20,在比例为2:1的图形中,应画收藏A.20B.10C.30D.40回答错误!正确答案:D侧平线收藏A.倾斜于W面B.平行于W面C.平行于H面D.平行于V面回答错误!正确答案:B下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号1B.序号4C.序号2D.序号3回答错误!正确答案:A正垂面是指收藏A.平面平行于V面B.平面垂直于V面C.平面平行于H面D.平面垂直于H面回答错误!正确答案:B下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号4B.序号3C.序号2D.序号1回答错误!正确答案:C铅垂线与H面的夹角是收藏A.0°B.30°C.90°D.45°回答错误!正确答案:C铅垂线收藏A.垂直于V面B.倾斜于V面C.垂直于W面D.垂直于H面回答错误!正确答案:D俯视图反映物体的收藏A.宽和高B.长和宽C.长宽高D.长和高回答错误!正确答案:B侧平面是指收藏A.平面平行于W面B.平面垂直于W面C.平面平行于H面D.平面平行于V面回答错误!正确答案:A用正垂面截切圆球,其交线的正面投影为收藏A.直线B.矩形C.椭圆D.圆回答错误!正确答案:A已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:C下图中收藏A.点A在点B的左方5B.点A在点B的前方5C.点A在点B的右方5点A在点B的后方5回答错误!正确答案:D在国标提供的标准图纸幅面中,比A2图纸小一号的图纸是收藏A.A4B.A1C.A3D.A0回答错误!正确答案:C下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号2B.序号3C.序号4D.序号1回答错误!正确答案:A两正垂面的交线是收藏A.水平线侧平线C.正垂线D.正平线回答错误!正确答案:C两一般位置平面的交线是收藏A.侧垂线B.一般位置直线C.水平线D.铅垂线回答错误!正确答案:B已知主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:C重合断面的轮廓线用收藏A.细实线B.粗实线C.细点画线D.波浪线回答错误!正确答案:A铅垂线投影积聚的是收藏A.正面投影积聚成点B.侧面投影积聚成点C.无积聚性D.水平投影积聚成点回答错误!正确答案:D左视图是从()投射得到的收藏A.左向下B.左向前C.右向左D.左向右回答错误!正确答案:D已知主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:C已知主左视图,正确的俯视图是收藏A.AB.BC.DD.C回答错误!正确答案:D正垂面与侧垂面的交线是收藏A.一般位置直线B.水平线C.侧垂线D.铅垂线回答错误!正确答案:A已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D水平线反映实长的投影是收藏A.三投影均反映实长B.水平投影反映实长C.侧面投影反映实长D.正面投影反映实长回答错误!正确答案:B空间两点A和B,点A的Z坐标值比点B的Z坐标值大,表明收藏A.点A在点B的前方B.点A在点B的右方C.点A在点B的左方D.点A在点B的上方回答错误!正确答案:D在装配图中,剖面线的规定画法是收藏A.相邻零件应保持一致B.所有零件应保持一致C.同一零件在不同视图中应有区别D.同一零件应保持一致回答错误!正确答案:D标题栏中填写的比例2:1表示收藏A.原值比例B.放大比例C.缩小比例D.图比实物小回答错误!正确答案:B下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号1B.序号4C.序号2D.序号3回答错误!正确答案:D分析所给图形,由俯视图选择正确的主视图收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B下图中,直线垂直于收藏A.V面B.H面C.H面和W面D.W面回答错误!正确答案:A已知主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.(A)正确B.(C)正确C.(D)正确D.(B)正确回答错误!正确答案:C铅垂面与正垂线的交线是收藏A.水平线B.铅垂线C.正垂线D.一般位置直线回答错误!正确答案:D标题栏中填写的比例1:1表示收藏A.缩小比例B.图比实物小C.放大比例D.原值比例回答错误!正确答案:D已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:A已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.CB.DC.AD.B回答错误!正确答案:C 下图中,平面R是收藏A.一般位置平面B.水平面C.侧平面D.正平面回答错误!正确答案:C 下图中收藏A.点A在点B的左前方B.点A在点B的前上方C.点A在点B的后上方D.点A在点B的左上方回答错误!正确答案:D 仰视图反映物体的收藏A.上下、左右和前后关系B.上下和前后关系C.前后和左右关系D.上下和左右关系回答错误!正确答案:C下图中,关于两直线的相对位置,正确的说法是收藏A.两直线交叉B.两直线相交C.两直线平行D.两直线垂直回答错误!正确答案:B铅垂面是指收藏A.平面垂直于W面B.平面平行于V面C.平面垂直于V面D.平面垂直于H面回答错误!正确答案:D用水平面截切圆球,其交线的侧面投影为收藏A.矩形B.圆C.椭圆(或椭圆弧)D.直线回答错误!正确答案:D在装配图中,两零件的配合表面规定收藏A.画两条线B.用细实线隔开C.可不画线D.只画一条线回答错误!正确答案:D已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.(D)正确B.(C)正确C.(B)正确D.(A)正确回答错误!正确答案:C梯形螺纹Tr40×14LH-8e代号中,“LH”表示收藏A.导程B.螺距C.左旋D.右旋回答错误!正确答案:C绘制不可见轮廓线规定收藏A.用细虚线B.用细点画线C.用细实线D.用粗实线回答错误!正确答案:A空间两点A和B,点A的Y坐标值比点B的Y坐标值大,表明收藏A.点A在点B的右方B.点A在点B的上方C.点A在点B的左方D.点A在点B的前方回答错误!正确答案:D梯形螺纹Tr40×14(P7)-7H代号中,“14”表示收藏A.导程B.螺距C.螺纹长度D.大径回答错误!正确答案:A已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D下面四组图形中,直线与平面不平行的一组图形是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D下图中收藏A.点A在点B的正后方B.点A在点B的正前方C.点A在点B的正上方D.点A在点B的正右方回答错误!正确答案:A用波浪线可表示收藏A.断裂处的边界B.可见棱边C.不可见轮廓D.可见轮廓回答错误!正确答案:A水平面与一般位置平面的交线是收藏A.铅垂线B.正平线C.一般位置直线水平线回答错误!正确答案:D用水平面截切轴线垂直于V面的圆柱,其交线为收藏A.椭圆B.圆C.抛物线D.矩形回答错误!正确答案:D国标规定,机械图样中的汉字应写成收藏A.宋体B.仿宋体C.长仿宋体D.黑体回答错误!正确答案:C下图中,直线垂直于收藏A.H面B.H面和V面C.V面D.回答错误!正确答案:D空间两点在H面上重影,则两点的收藏A.X,Y,Z坐标值均相同B.X,Y坐标值相同C.X,Z坐标值相同D.Y,Z坐标值相同回答错误!正确答案:B在剖开的单个齿轮为非圆的视图上,规定收藏A.齿顶线用细实线B.分度线用粗实线C.分度线可以不画D.齿根线用粗实线回答错误!正确答案:D在装配图中,相邻两零件的接触表面规定收藏A.可不画线B.用细实线隔开C.画两条线D.只画一条线回答错误!正确答案:D半部剖视图中,剖视与视图的分界线用收藏A.波浪线B.细点画线C.细实线D.粗实线回答错误!正确答案:B已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:B局部视图的特点是收藏A.断裂边界用点画线B.断裂边界用虚线C.向基本投影面投射D.向任意投影面投射回答错误!正确答案:C已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.AB.CC.BD.D回答错误!正确答案:D已知一立体的轴测图,按箭头所指方向的视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:C螺纹连接时,必须使用螺母的有收藏A.销连接B.螺栓连接C.螺钉连接D.键连接回答错误!正确答案:B下图中,平面Q是收藏A.水平面B.正平面C.一般位置平面D.侧平面回答错误!正确答案:B 下图中,平面P是收藏A.水平面B.正平面C.一般位置平面D.侧平面回答错误!正确答案:C已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.(D)正确B.(A)正确C.(C)正确D.(B)正确回答错误!正确答案:A正平线反映实长的投影是收藏A.侧面投影反映实长B.正面投影反映实长C.三投影均反映实长D.水平投影反映实长回答错误!正确答案:B已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.(D)正确B.(C)正确C.(B)正确D.(A)正确回答错误!正确答案:B空间两交叉直线,其收藏A.三个投影同时平行B.只有两投影相交C.三投影同时相交D.三投影可能相交,但交点不是同一个点的三投影回答错误!正确答案:D侧垂线投影积聚的是收藏A.无积聚性B.正面投影积聚成点C.侧面投影积聚成点D.水平投影积聚成点回答错误!正确答案:C分析所给图形,找出正确的移出断面图收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:D在装配图中,明细栏应画在标题栏的上方,零部件序号收藏A.应自下而上填写B.应自上而下填写C.应自右向左填写D.应自左向右填写回答错误!正确答案:A用铅垂面截切轴线垂直于V面的圆柱,其交线为收藏A.椭圆(或椭圆弧)B.圆C.矩形D.直线回答错误!正确答案:A正平面与一般位置平面的交线是收藏A.正平线B.水平线C.一般位置直线D.铅垂线回答错误!正确答案:A下面装配图中,零件序号编写不正确的是收藏A.序号1B.序号4C.序号3D.序号2回答错误!正确答案:B下图中,平面P垂直于收藏A.W面B.V面C.H面和V面D.H面回答错误!正确答案:D普通螺纹M20×1-5g6g代号中,“1”表示收藏A.大径B.螺距C.螺纹长度D.线数回答错误!正确答案:B关于局部放大图下列说法不正确的是收藏A.常用于表达细小结构的形状B.用放大的比例画出C.用大于原图的比例画出D.可以画成视图、剖视图、断面图回答错误!正确答案:B右视图反映物体的收藏A.前后和左右关系B.上下、左右和前后关系C.上下和前后关系D.上下和左右关系回答错误!正确答案:CA4图纸的幅面尺寸是收藏A.210×297B.420×594C.594×841D.297×420回答错误!正确答案:A尺规绘图时,平面图形的画图步骤是收藏A.先画中间线段,再画已知线段,后画连接线段B.先画连接线段,再画中间线段,后画已知线段C.先画已知线段,再画中间线段,后画连接线段D.先画已知线段,再画连接线段,后画中间线段回答错误!正确答案:C分析所给图形,找出正确的移出断面图收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:A已知组合体的主、俯视图,正确的左视图是收藏A.B.C.D.回答错误!正确答案:C平面切圆柱后,交线若为矩形,则收藏A.以上都可以B.平面平行于圆柱轴线C.平面垂直于圆柱轴线D.平面倾斜于圆柱轴线回答错误!正确答案:B水平面是指收藏A.平面平行于H面B.平面平行于W面C.平面垂直于H面D.平面平行于V面回答错误!正确答案:A仰视图是从()投射得到的收藏A.左向右B.右向左C.下向上D.上向下回答错误!正确答案:C可用于螺纹连接的标准件有收藏A.键B.螺栓C.齿轮D.销回答错误!正确答案:B主视图是从()投射得到的收藏A.前向后B.前向左C.后向前D.前向右回答错误!正确答案:A已知线段是指收藏A.需要根据两个连接关系画出的线段B.需要根据一个连接关系画出的线段C.不需要画出的线段D.依据图中尺寸可以直接画出的线段回答错误!正确答案:D斜二等测图沿X轴的轴向伸缩系数为收藏A.0.82B.1.2C.1D.0.5回答错误!正确答案:C平面正方形垂直于V面,其收藏。
AAA(P7)考点非常多,备考应该这样去做······
AAA(P7)考点非常多,备考应该这样去做······在课堂上认真听老师讲,课后复习课堂上的内容,运用徐开金老师的八步学习法做题。
ACCA的备考内容太多了,不可能记下全部的笔记或者理解全部的内容,不懂的地方进行标记,课后试着理解,不懂再请教老师。
当然如果时间允许的话,我建议每个重点章节都在掌握相关知识后做练习册的相关章节,因为书上的例题一般比真题简单,而且练习册的内容是根据章节编排的。
然后在考前一个月左右,我就开始做真题。
一般我是从最新的卷子往前面做,然后在第一遍做题目时很可能无从下手,这时候我就尽量在短的时间内看懂答案。
在第二、第三遍做题的时候就尽量自己先尝试着做,不懂的题目再回教材找相关的内容。
注意有些科目,比如会计由于准则在不断的变化,如果看到有答案和书中的新准则有不符,可以参考练习册,因为它上面是根据新准则改编题目的。
最后考前我还会看近期ACCA考官的Technical Article和Examiner Report来预测本次的考题,另外我还会重新扫下书上每一章节的大纲,根据我做题的经验重新梳理重点。
AAA(P7)的考点非常多,要记的也非常多。
但是这门考试的难点在于怎样运用这些知识,这就需要我们有critical thinking,也就是在看到一家事务所在对一家企业审计时,我们需要用professional judgment和skepticism来提出各种质疑。
我们培养自己critical thinking的唯一途径就是做题,并记住大题的思路。
所以我觉得在看书的时候是不用背什么的,尽量理解内在的逻辑结构即可。
然后在做题的时候我们可以先尽量把自己想到的点写上去,然后和答案进行reconcile.题目做多了自然能明白主考官的逻辑。
ACCA让我看到了更大的世界,并且更好的和这个世界融入在一起。
ACCA教会我如何成为一位具有高尚职业道德的专业人才,金立品教育让我顺利完成ACCA考试。
专题04名词性从句考点讲义(命题预测思维导图考点梳理)-2024高考英语语法填空专项考点字典(解释版
专题04 名词性从句考点讲义(解析版)讲义目录1.【名词性从句高考考点细目表】P22.【名词性从句命题规律】P23.【名词性从句备考策略】P24.【名词性从句命题预测】P35.【名词性从句思维导图】P3【名词性从句考点梳理】6.考点清单一、名词性从句的种类、语法功能和引导词P47.考点清单二、主语从句P48.考点清单三、宾语从句P69.考点清单四、表语从句P710.考点清单五、同位语从句P711.考点清单六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别P8分类训练(一)【高考真题回顾18题】P9分类训练(二)【高考模拟试题14题】P12 1.【近年高考真题从句考点细目表】13次,主要考查:1.表语从句引导词的考查出现4次。
2.宾语从句引导词的考查出现5次。
3.同位语从句引导词的考查出现2次。
4.主语从句引导词的考查出现2 次。
It is believed that ... it作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。
3.【名词性从句从句备考策略】系统归类表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和主语从句的用法,尤其是这些从句的引导词的用法;熟练掌握表语从句、宾语从句的相关考点。
4.【名词性从句从句命题预测】2024年语法填空对名词性从句的考查仍是重点,主要集中考查名词性从句的引导词的用法,如连接词that和what的用法、whatever 和whichever、if和whether等。
5.【名词性从句思维导图】【名词性从句从句考点梳理】6.考点清单一、名词性从句的种类、语法功能和引导词英语中从句主要分为三种:名词性从句(用从句代替名词)、定语从句(用从句代替形容词)、状语从句(用从句代替副词)。
名词性从句就是指从句在主句中充当名词成分,其功能相当于名词性词组。
1)根据从句在句子中不同的语法功能,名词性从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2)根据名词性从句的引导词不同,可分为:that从句、if/whether从句和wh引导的疑问句(who/whom/whose/whoever/what/whatever/which/whichever/where/when/how/why等)。
ACCA P7 78分学霸分享经验
ACCA P7怎么学?78分学霸为你带来高能分享!!今天来做分享的学霸够分量,ACCA14门结束,保持零失败记录。
不挂科还不够,要当学霸成绩也要高啊,P阶段最低分60+ ,P7获得了78的高分!关键人家并不是书呆子,爱旅行爱挑战、足迹遍布国内外,下面掌声有请学霸妹子:-方圣滢-前言我的专业本身免考前5门,从2014年6月第一次参加全球统考考到2015年12月P4 P7,均为一次性通过。
其中最低分是P3和P4都是60分,最高的P7成绩出来是78分,也着实吓了我一跳(在此之前只有F6上了70分)。
但总之,ACCA这条路,两年四个半考季也算是马马虎虎走下来了,虽然前期并非一步一个脚印,但最后也算功德圆满。
应ACCA考友论坛主页君之邀撰写此文与大家分享学习心得:一、P7网课、练习册、真题我买了P7的网课,书和练习册用的都是bpp教材。
在有充足复习时间的前提下,练习册的题我会尽量每道题都去做一做;但如果复习时间不多,看近6套真题考卷就行,但一定要做精做细。
复习时间的充裕与否看个人情况,我当时除了周五有课之外其他时间都是空闲的,备考时一周六天都在图书馆度过,复习时间可谓相当充裕,所以当时bpp砖头练习册的每道题都看一个是因为时间多,二是因为一开始对自己没啥信心,想通过刷题来积累做题经验,但学到最后发现刷题并不是最好的学习方法(都是当年没好好学F7才在复习时留下的病根啊╮(╯▽╰)╭)。
在整个P7的学习中总有一个能让你融会贯通的点,开窍之后,做题就只是实战模拟积累方法的工具罢了。
二、P7备考安排备考时间是一个月多一点(11月1号~12月7号),前期(11月20号之前)只是听网课做笔记的过程,21号左右才开始做练习册,一开始都不动笔,就只是看看题目、在心里想想自己会怎么答、参考答案给自己打个分。
这部分光看不做。
ACCA考试经验分享:大神关于P7的考试技巧介绍
中公财经培训网:/三月份的ACCA考试成绩早已出来了。
P7如果没有过,就来看看中公财经小编给大家准备的ACCA P7阶段的考试技巧分享吧。
首先给大家介绍一下,P7全球通过率低到30%的原因是:写不完,写不完,还是写不完;背的东西太多,背不住; 答案不知道要写到什么程度才能得分1.如何解决ACCA考试写不完的情况P7真的要写完吗?有点难,抄都抄不完吧。
所以,请追求精准的答案,接近满分的答案。
这就是一些同学在完成70%-80%题目的情况下得到60以上的分数的秘籍。
审计师与审计客户之间有money transaction,F8指出self-interest threat即可,P7必须要评估其重要程度,i.e. evaluate its significance,如果审计师持有客户一只股票,股价翻倍了才赚到十块钱,真的有self-interest threat?考官会在case里提示其significance,识别出来并加以解释,是Q1Q4(通常ethic出现在Q1Q4,7-10分)道德部分拿满分的关键。
2. 如何解决ACCA考试背不过来的问题P7的Q1Q3与P2关系密切,前面财报课程(F3 / F7 / P2)的扎实基础特别重要。
尤其是会计准则的合理应用,集团报表Goodwill的计算,ratio的计算与分析(其实就是我们审计中的PAP嘛),如果熟练掌握,可以让你在P7复习中少背一半东西吧。
还有更厉害的呢,P3的商业分析都掌握了么?如果P7的Q1考一个Business risk,十几分送上门,大笑三分钟再答题也不迟嘛!3. 解决不知道什么答案能得分的问题写完整句,完整句,完整句,重要事情必须说三遍!再举个超简单栗子!Risk of money laundering is high,这是半句话呀,50%分数,ACCA 50% pass,但你真能每个给分点都写对半句吗?所以!这句话必须补全,Risk of money laundering is high, due to its cash-based nature of business. 这才证明你真懂了洗黑钱是怎么洗的吧!最后,关于ACCA考试经验的相关介绍小编就先给大家简单介绍到这里了。
ACCA P7知识要点汇总下
典型例题:2013/06 Q4 b(关于Accounting issue ‐ financial instrument)背景:服装生产商,因海外拓展计划需要使用对冲工具(远期外汇合同)。
问题:讨论为什么审计金融工具是特别挑战性的?解释计划审计要考虑哪些事项?(8分)回答:✓金融工具本身,相关的交易以及暴露出的风险,对于管理层和审计师而言都是非常难理解的。
如果审计师不能充分理解金融工具,以及它对于财务报告的影响,就很难评估它产生重大错报的风险,也很难发现会计处理上的错误和相关披露的不恰当。
即使相对简单的金融工具,其说明也很复杂。
✓许多金融工具的专业性本质,就需要审计师依赖专家意见作为审计证据。
当使用专家时,审计师必须确保专家的客观性和胜任能力,充分评估专家的工作,但这点也很难,因为专家的工作太专业了,不容易理解。
✓审计师还会发现对于金融工具的交易缺乏证据,或者证据来源于管理层。
比如说许多财务报告要求金融工具按照公允价值估值。
但公允价值就是个基于管理层判断的模型。
于是,估值常常是主观的,由管理层的意志所决定,增加了重大错报的风险。
✓审计师在审计金融工具时,保持职业的怀疑态度,是非常必要的。
但面对一个复杂且主观的交易或余额时,除了管理层的判断,其他证据少的可怜。
所以要做到这点不容易。
✓另外,这里还涉及了控制问题,因为金融工具通常由专门的部门来操作,具体由少数几个人拍板做决定。
这个部门可能没有被整合进入财务系统,他们的会计处理和正常的会计系统不一致。
内控不足,而且无法实现权责分离。
然而,一些公司会建立很强的内控系统来监督金融工作,这样重大错报的风险就比较低。
1)在计划审计金融工具前,审计师必须先对金融工具相关的会计处理和披露有一个很好的了解。
比如,适用的财务报表准则,IFRS 9金融工具&IFRS 7金融工具披露。
这些准则应用比较复杂,审计师要有一个透彻的理解,雇主投资金融工具是什么,这类工具的特征,雇主为什么选它,相关的政策。
ACCA P7知识点
2007 DEC.WARRENTY PROVISION审计程序ISA 540 Audit of Accounting Estimates requires that auditors should obtain sufficient audit evidence as to whether an accounting estimate, such as a warranty provision, is reasonable given the entity’s circumstances, and that disclosure is appropriate.1.Review and test the process used by management to develop the estimatea)Review contracts or orders for the terms of the warranty to gain an understanding of theobligation of Cob)Review correspondence with customers during the year to gain an understanding of claimsalready in progress at the year endc)Perform analytical procedures to compare the level of warranty provision year on year, andcompare actual to budgeted provisions. If possible disaggregate the data, for example, compare provision for specific types of machinery or customer by customerd)Re-calculate the warranty provisione)Review board minutes for discussion of on-going warranty claims, and for approval of theamount providedf)Discuss with management the assumptions she used to determine the percentage used in hercalculationsg)Consider whether assumptions used are consistent with the auditors’ understanding of thebusinessh)Compare prior year provision with actual expenditure on warranty claims in the accountingperiodi)Compare the current year provision with prior year and discuss any fluctuation with KateShannon.QUALITY CONTROL OF INDIVIDUAL AUDIT ENGAGEMENT1.Client acceptance proceduresThere should be full documentation, and conclusion on, ethical and client acceptance issues in each audit assignment.The engagement partner should consider whether members of the audit team have complied with ethical requirements,Other procedures on client acceptance should include:–Obtaining professional clearance from previous auditors–Consideration of any conflict of interest–Money laundering procedures2.Engagement teamProcedures should be followed to ensure that the engagement team collectively has the skills, competence and time to perform the audit engagement. The engagement partner should assess that the audit team, for example:–Has the appropriate level of technical knowledge–Has experience of audit engagements of a similar nature and complexity–Understands professional standards, and regulatory and legal requirements3.DirectionThe engagement team should be directed by the engagement partner4.SupervisionAny problems that arise during the audit should be rectified as soon as possible. Attention should be focused on ensuring that members of the audit team are carrying out their work in accordance with the planned approach to the engagement. Significant matters should be brought to the attention of senior members of the audit team. Documentation should be made of key decisions made during the audit engagement.5.ReviewAll work performed must be reviewed by a more senior member of the audit team. Reviewers should consider for example whether:–Work has been performed in accordance with professional standards–The objectives of the procedures performed have been achieved–Work supports conclusions drawn and is appropriately documented.小事务所执行QUALITY CONTROL 的问题及解决方案●Consultation– it may not be possible to hold extensive consultations on specialist issues within asmall firm, due to a lack of specialist professionals. There may be a lack of suitably experienced peers to discuss issues arising on client engagements. Arrangements with other practices for consultation may be necessary.●Training/Continuing Professional Development(CPD)–resources may not be available, and it isexpensive to establish an in-house training function. External training can be used to provide training for staff.●Review procedures–it may not be possible to hold an independent review of an engagementwithin the firm due to the small number of senior and experienced auditors.●Lack of specialist experience–where special skills are needed within an engagement; the skillsmay be bought in, for example, by seconding staff from another practice.●Working papers–the firm may lack resources to establish an in-house set of audit manuals orstandard working papers.OUTSOURING1.Outsourcing is when an external specialist organisation is used to carry out functions whichwould normally be performed within the entity. Service organisations usually operate in one of two ways:–The service organisation fully maintains the outsourced function,–The service organisation executes transactions only at the request of the entity, or acts as a custodian of assets.研发费审计程序–Review the results of scientific tests performed on the products, for example,–Discuss any detrimental results of these tests, e.g.–Compare expected to actual development costs incurred per product being developed. Where actual costs are in excess of expected costs investigate whether the extra costs have been incurred in order to make good any problems identified in the development process.–Review board minutes for relevant discussion of the product development taking place during the year.研发费摊销审计程序–Obtain the papers documenting market research carried out by the co. Review and ascertain that the market research supports a product life span.–Review actual sales patterns since the launch of co and compare to the predicted sales per the market research document.–Read the assumptions underpinning the market research sales projections, and consider whether these assumptions agree with the auditors’ understanding of the business.–Discuss sales trends with the sales/marketing directors and ascertain whether sales are in line with management’s expectations.–Obtain marketing/advertising budgets and ascertain enough expenditure is continuing on co to support continued sales重大事故审计程序–Review the accident log book and count the total number of accidents during the year–Discuss the definition of ‘serious accident’ with the directors and clarify exactly what criteria need to be met to satisfy the definition–For serious accidents identified:➢review HR records to determine the amount of time taken off work➢review correspondence with the employee regarding the accident.–Review board minutes where the increase in the number of serious accidents has been discussed –Review correspondence with Co’s legal advisors to ascertain any legal claims made against the company due to accidents at work–Discuss the level of accidents with representatives of Co’s employees to reach an understanding as to whether accidents sometimes go unreported in the accident log book.接受鉴证业务之前考虑因素1.The exact content of the business plan which could include:a)Description of past business performance and key productsb)Discussion of the new productc)Evidence of the marketability of the new productd)Cash flow projectionse)Capital expenditure forecastsf)Key business assumptions.2.The form of the assurance report that is required – in an assurance engagement the nature andwording of the expected opinion should be discussed.Co should clarify that an opinion of ‘negative assurance’ will be required, and whether this will meet the bank’s lending criteria.3.The intended recipient of the report-For the limitation of professional liability, it should be clarifiedthat xxx will be the only recipient4.Limiting liability –the client may want to receive in writing a statement that the report is forinformation purposes only, and does not give rise to any responsibility, liability, duty or obligation from the firm to the lender.5.Deadlines – it should be discussed when the xxx need the report.6.Availability of evidence – client Co should be made aware that in order to express an opinion onthe finance request, they must be prepared to provide all the necessary paperwork to assist the assurance provider7.Professional regulation – client Co should discuss the kind of procedures that will be undertaken,and confirm that they will be complying with relevant professional guidance8.Fees – the total fee and billing arrangements must be agreed before any work is carried out9.Personnel – client Co should identify the key personnel who will be involved in the assignmentplaints procedures – should be briefly outlinedForensic audit司法审计1.Forensic accounting is where an assurance provider investigates a specific issue, often with a legalconsequence, such as a suspected fraud. Specifically it is the process of gathering, analysing and reporting on data for the purpose of finding evidence in the context of financial/legal disputes and/or irregularities. The forensic accountant will also give preventative advice based on evidence gathered. This advice is based usually on recommendations to improve the internal control systems to prevent and detect fraud.2.The investigation will consider two issues –firstly whether the fraud actually happened, andsecondly, if a fraud has taken place, the financial value of the fraud. The investigation should determine who has perpetrated the fraud, and collect evidence to help prosecute those involved in the deceptionMoney laundering 及接受委托之前的考虑1.Money laundering is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin andownership of the proceeds of criminal activity, allowing them to maintain control over the proceeds, and ultimately providing a legitimate cover for their sources of income. The objective of money laundering is to break the connection between the money, and the crime that it resulted from any crime.2.Client procedures should include the following:a)Client identification:3.➢Establish the identity of the entity and its business activity e.g. by obtaining a certificate ofincorporation4.➢If the client is an individual, obtain official documentation including a name and address, e.g.by looking at photographic identification such as passports5.➢Consider whether the commercial activity makes business sense6.➢Obtain evidence of the company’s registered address e.g. by obtaining headed letter papera)Client understanding:7.➢Pre-engagement communication may be considered, to explain to Marcellus Fisher and theother directors the nature and reason for client acceptance procedures.8.➢Best practice recommends that the engagement letter should also include a paragraphoutlining the auditor’s responsibilities in relation to money laundering.财务审计的优点1.material mistakes made by the part-qualified accountant in preparing the year end financialstatements will be detected. This is important as the directors will be using the year end accounts to review their2.progress in the trading and will need reliable figures to assess performance. An audit will give thedirectors comfort that the financial statements are a sound basis for making business decisions. 3.Accurate figures will also enable more effective budgeting and forecasting, which will be crucial ifrapid growth is to be achieved.4.The auditors will be able to advise co of any improvements that could be made to themanagement accounts, for example, increased level of detail, more frequent reporting. Better quality management accounts will help the day-to-day running of the business and enable a speedier response to any problems arising during the year5.Require more bank funding in order to expand, and it is likely that the bank would like to see6.Audited figures for review, before deciding on further finance. It will be easier and potentiallycheaper to raise finance from other providers with an audited set of financial statements.7.Risk of theft of assets. The external audit can act as both a deterrent and a detective control, thusreducing the risk of fraud and resultant detrimental impact on the financial statements.8.Accurate financial statements will be the best basis for tax assessment and tax planning. An auditopinion will enhance the credibility of the figures.鉴证业务的目标及保证程度(与审计业务相比较)1.The objective of a review engagement is to enable the auditor to obtain moderate assurance as towhether the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework.2.It is necessary to gather evidence using analytical procedures and enquiries with management.Detailed substantive procedures will not be performed unless the auditor has reason to believe that the information may be materially misstated.3.The auditor should approach the engagement with a high degree of professional scepticism,looking for circumstances that may cause the financial statements to be misstated4.Auditor’s objective is to provide a clear written expression of negative assurance on the financialstatements.Negative assurance means that the auditor has performed limited procedures and has concluded that the financial statements appear reasonable. The user of the financial statements gains some comfort that the figures have been subject to review, but only a moderate level of assurance is provided.5.In comparison, in an audit, a high level of assurance is provided. The auditors provide an opinion ofpositive, but not absolute assurance. The user is assured that the figures are free from material misstatement and that the auditor has based the opinion on detailed procedures.2008 JUNBUSINESS RISK 与FINANCIAL RISK的区别1.Business risk is defined as a threat which could mean that a business fails to meet an ongoingbusiness objective.2.Business risks represent problems which are faced by the management of a business, and theseproblems should be identified and assessed for their possible impact on the business.3.Financial statement risk is the risk that components of the financial statements could be misstated,through inaccurate or incomplete recording of transactions or disclosure. Financial statement risks Therefore represent potential errors or deliberate misstatements in the published accounts of a business. A direct relationship between business risk and financial statement risk. Generally abusiness risk, if not4.addressed by management, will have an impact on specific components of the financial statements.eg…5.Weak internal systems and controls are often identified as a business risk. Inadequacies in systemsand controls could lead to errors or misstatements in the financial statements so auditors would perceive this as a general audit risk factor.6.Business risks are often linked to going concern issues, because if a business is failing to meetobjectives such as cash generation, or revenue maximisation, then it may struggle to continue in operational existence. In terms of financial statement risk, going concern is a very specific issue, and the risk is normally the inadequate disclosure of going concern problems7.Business risk and financial statement risk concepts can both be used by auditors in order toidentify areas of the financial statements likely to be misstated at the year end.接受审计业务前的考虑因素1.Legal actions and investigation2.Public interest3.Potential liability to lender4.Timeframe and resources5.Potentially aggressive management style6.Management bias7.Internal systems and controls8.Opening balances9.Fees10.Indication of fraud or money laundering介绍DUE DILIGENCE以及其的目的IntroductionBefore purchasing a company, it is crucial that the purchaser undertake a comprehensive survey of the business in order to avoid any operational or financial surprises post-acquisition. Due diligence can simply be seen as ‘fact finding’, and as a way to minimise the risk of making a bad investment. Information gatheringInvestigative due diligence is the process by which information is gathered about a target company, forthe purpose of ensuring that the acquirer has full knowledge of the operations, financial performance and position, legal and tax situation, as well as general commercial background. Essentially the aim is to reveal any potential problem areas before a decision regarding the acquisition is made.Verification of specific management representationsAdditionally, the vendor may make representations to the potential acquirer which it is essential to verify. Eg. the company fully complies with all relevant health and safety regulationsIdentification of assets and liabilitiesIt is crucial that all of the assets of the target company are identified. This is important because internally generated intangibles such as customer databases, trade dress, and brand names are unlikely to be recognised in the individual company statement of financial position, but should be identified and valued for the purpose of calculating goodwill on acquisition.Contingent liabilities must also be identified, as the acquirer will need to understand the likelihood of the liability crystallising, and the potential financial consequence.Operational issuesDue diligence is to discover problems or risks within the entity. These risks may not necessarily arise in the context of a contingent liability, but could instead be operational issues such as high staff turnover, or the need to renegotiate contract terms with suppliers or customers.The directors of the acquiring company will need to carefully consider whether such matters are risky and so would not go ahead. Acquisition planningThe due diligence investigation will also assess the commercial benefits, and potential drawbacks, of the acquisition. On the positive side, it will highlight matters such as expected operational synergies to be created post acquisition, and potential economies of scale to be exploited. On the downside there will be acquisition expenses to pay, costs in terms of reorganization and possible redundancies, as well as the important but hard to quantify issue of change management.Management involvementInternally provide due diligence by the directors of the acquiring company. However, this can be time consuming, and the directors may lack sufficient specialist knowledge to perform the investigation. Therefore one of the purposes of an externally provided due diligence service is to reduce time spent by the directors on fact finding, leaving more time to focus on strategic matters to do with the acquisition and on running the existing groupCredibilityAn external investigation will also provide an independent, impartial view on the situation, enhancing the credibility of the investment decision, and the amount paid for the investment.尽职调查的范围(与审计范围相比较)1.The investigation range of sources of information, including:a)Several years prior financial statementsb)Management accountsc)Profit and cash flow forecastsd)Any business plans recently preparede)Discussions with management, employees and third parties2.No detailed audit procedures will be performed unless there are specific issues which either causeconcern.Due diligence investigation will primarily use analytical procedures as a means ofgathering information. Very few , if any substantive procedures would be carried out, unless they had been specifically requested by the client.3.Due diligence is much more ‘forward looking’ than an audit. Much of the time during a duediligence investigation will be spent assessing forecasts and predictions. In comparison auditprocedures only tend to cover future events if they are directly relevant to the year-end financial statements, for example, contingencies, or going concern problems.Joint audit 的定义及优缺点A joint audit is when two or more audit firms are jointly responsible for giving the audit opinion. This is very common in a group situation where the principal auditor is appointed jointly with the auditor of a subsidiary to provide a joint opinion on the subsidiary’s financial statements.Advantages1.audit efficiency for a joint audit to be conducted- It will be time efficient for the two firms ofauditors to work together in order to build up knowledge of the new subsidiary. It will be able to provide a good insight into the company, and advise Co of the key risk areas they have previously identified.2.adequate resources to conduct the audit-A joint audit will allow sufficient resources to be allocatedto the audit, assuring the quality of the opinion provided.3.improvement in quality-The two audit firms may have different points of view, and would be ableto discuss contentious issues throughout the audit process. In particular, the newly appointed audit team will have a ‘fresh pair of eyes’ and be able to offer new insight to matters identified. Disadvantages1.For the client, it is likely to be more expensive to engage two audit firms than to have the auditopinion provided by one firm2.The two audit firms may use very different audit approaches and terminology. This could make itdifficult for the audit firms to work closely together. Problems could arise in deciding which firm’s method to use3.Potentially, problems could arise in terms of liability. In the event of litigation, because both firmshave provided the audit opinion, it follows that the firms would be jointly liable. The firms could blame each other for any negligence which was discovered, making the litigation process more complex than if a single audit firm had provided the opinion.难以确认关联方及关联方交易Identification of related parties1.Related parties and associated transactions are often difficult to identify, as it can be hard toestablish exactly who, or what, are the related parties of an entity. IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures contains definitions which in theory serve to provide a framework for identifying related parties, but deciding whether a definition is met can be complex and subjective.2.The directors may be reluctant to disclose to the auditors the existence of related parties ortransactions. Therefore auditors often have little choice but to rely on full disclosure bymanagement in order to identify related parties. This is especially the case for a close familymember of those in control or having influence over the entity, whose identity can only berevealed by management.Identification of material related party transactions1.Related party transactions may not be easy to identify from the accounting systems. Whereaccounting systems are not capable of separately identifying related party transactions,management need to carry out additional analysis, which if not done makes the transactionsextremely difficult for auditors to find.2.Related party transactions may be concealed in whole, or in part, from auditors for fraudulentpurposes.关联方应收账款审计程序1.Request a written representation detailing:a)the exact nature of his control over 关联公司, i.e. if he is a shareholder then state hispercentage shareholdingb) a comment on whether in his opinion the balance is recoverable,c) a specific date by which the amount should be expected to be repaid, andd) a confirmation that there are no further balances outstanding from 关联公司2.Review the terms of any written confirmation of the amount, such as a signed agreement orinvoice, checking whether any interest is due to 本公司.3.From discussion with management, develop an understanding of the business purpose of thetransaction, particularly to understand whether the balance is a trade receivable or an investment.4.Obtain the most recent audited financial statements of 关联方and:a)ascertain whether Peter Sheffield is disclosed as the ultimate controlling party or disclosed asa member of key management personnel,b)scrutinise the disclosure notes to find any disclosure of the transaction, where it should bedescribed as a related party liability, andc)perform a liquidity analysis to establish whether the amount can be repaid from liquid assets. Management letter points(报告公司治理情况)1.ISA 260(Communication of Audit Matters With Those Charged With Governance )requires theauditor to communicate many matters, including independence and other ethical issues, the audit approach and scope, the details of management representations, and the findings of the audit. The findings of the audit are commonly referred to as management letter points.2.By communicating these matters, the auditor is confident that there is written documentationoutlining all significant matters raised during the audit process, and that such matters have been formally notified to the highest level of management of the client.3.For the management, the report should ensure that they fully understand the scope and results ofthe audit service and is likely to provide constructive comments to help them to fulfill their duties in relation to the financial statements and accounting systems and controls more effectively.Liability disclaimer paragraph 免责条款1.The wording is used to state the fact that the auditor’s report is intended solely for the use of thecompany’s members as a body, and that no responsibility is accepted or assumed to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body.2.Advantage is that the disclaimer should help to reduce the exposure of the audit firm to liabilityclaims3.from anyone other than the company or the company’s body of shareholders. The disclaimermakes it clear that the audit firm reports only to those who appointed the firm, i.e. the members of the company.4.In this way the audit firm can manage its risk exposure in an increasingly litigious environment.Because audit firm’s duty of care can extend beyond the company and its shareholders, and that audit firms should consider how to protect themselves against liability claims.It is also argued that the use of a disclaimer could help to avgue the responsibility of the auditor.5.It could be argued that the use of disclaimers as a means to limit liability could permit low qualityaudits to be performed2008 DECSHARE-BASED PAYMENT审计程序1.Obtain management calculation of the expense and agree the following from the calculationto the contractual terms of the scheme:2.Number of employees and executives granted options3.Number of options granted per employee4.The official grant date of the share options5.Vesting period for the scheme6.Required performance conditions attached to the options.7.Recalculate the expense and check that the fair value has been correctly spread over thestated vesting period.8.Agree fair value of share options to specialist’s report and calculation, and evaluate whetherthe specialist report is a reliable source of evidence.9.Agree that the fair value calculated is at the grant date.10.Obtain and review a forecast of staffing levels or employee turnover rates for the duration ofthe vesting period, and scrutinise the assumptions used to predict level of staff turnover.11.Obtain written representation from management confirming that the assumptions used inmeasuring the expense are reasonable.Recoverability of DEFERRED TAX ASSETS审计程序–Obtain a copy of Co’s current tax computation and deferred tax calcul ations and agree figures to any relevant tax correspondence and/or underlying accounting records.–Develop an independent expectation of the estimate to corroborate the reasonableness of management’s estimate.–Obtain forecasts of profitability and agree that there is sufficient forecast taxable profit available for the losses to be offset against. Evaluate the assumptions used in the forecast against business。
ACCA P4-P7模拟题及解析(6)
ACCA P4-P7模拟题及解析(6)4A company’s policy as regards depreciation of its plant and machinery is to charge depreciation at 20 per cent per year on cost, with proportional depreciation for items purchased or sold during a year.The company’s plant and machinery at cost account for the year ended 30 September 2003 is shown below:Plant and machinery – cost2002$2003$1 OctBalance (all plant purchased200,00030 Jun Transfer disposal account40,000 after 1999)2003 1 AprCash-purchase of plant50,00030 Sept Balance210,000––––––––––––––––250,000250,000––––––––––––––––What should be the depreciation charge for plant and machinery (excluding any profit or loss on the disposal) forthe year ended 30 September 2003?A$43,000 B$51,000 C$42,000 D$45,0005A company’s trial balance failed to agree, the totals being:Debit$815,602Credit$808,420Which one of the following errors could fully account for the difference?AThe omission from the trial balance of the balance on the insurance expense account $7,182 debit BDiscount allowed $3,591 debited in error to the discount received accountCNo entries made in the records for cash sales totalling $7,182DThe returns outwards total of $3,591 was included in the trial balance as a debit balance6The following control account has been prepared by a trainee accountant:Receivables ledger control account$$Opening balance308,600Cash received from credit customers147,200Credit sales154,200Discounts allowed to credit customers1,400Cash sales88,100Contras against credit balances in payables ledger4,600Interest charged on overdue accounts2,400Bad debts written off4,900Allowance for doubtful debts2,800Closing balance396,800––––––––––––––––––$555,500$555,500––––––––––––––––––What should the closing balance be when all the errors made in preparing the receivables ledger control account have been corrected?A$395,200 B$304,300 C$307,100 D$309,500Listed below are five potential causes of difference between a company’s cash book balance and its bank statement balance as at 30 November 2003:(1)Cheques recorded and sent to suppliers before 30 November 2003 but not yet presented for payment.(2)An error by the bank in crediting to another customer’s account a lodgement made by the company.(3)Bank charges.(4)Cheques paid in before 30 November 2003 but not credited by the bank until 3 December 2003.(5)A cheque recorded and paid in before 30 November 2003 but dishonoured by the bank.Which of the following alternatives correctly analyses these items into those requiring an entry in the cash book and those that would feature in the bank reconciliation?Cash book entryBank reconciliationA1, 2, 43, 5 B3, 5 1, 2, 4 C3, 41, 2, 5 D2, 3, 5 1, 4试题答案:略参与ACCA考试的考生可按照复习计划有效进行,另外高顿网校官网ACCA考试辅导高清课程已经开通,还可索取ACCA考试通关宝典,针对性地讲解、训练、答疑、模考,对学习过程进行全程跟踪、分析、指导,可以帮助考生全面提升复习备考效果。
简单的逻辑联结词全称量词与存在量词知识点与题型归纳
●高考明方向1.认识逻辑联络词“或”“且”“非”的含义.2.理解全称量词与存在量词的意义.3.能正确地对含有一个量词的命题进行否认 .★备考知考情1.含逻辑联络词命题真假的判断,含全称量词、存在量词命题的否认是近几年高考的热门.2.常与会合、不等式、函数等相联合考察,在知识的交汇点处命题.3.命题主要以选择题为主,属中低档题 .一、知识梳理《名师一号》 P7知识点一逻辑联络词1.命题中的或、且、非叫做逻辑联络词.2.命题 p 且 q、p 或 q、非 p 的真假判断概括拓展:(1)p 与 q 全真时, p 且 q 为真,不然 p 且 q 为假;即一假假真.(2)p 与 q 全假时, p 或 q 为假,不然 p 或 q 为真;即一真即真.(3)p 与非 p 必然是一真一假 .注意 1:《名师一号》 P8 问题研究问题 1逻辑联络词中的“或” 相当于会合中的“并集” ,逻辑联络词中的“且” 相当于会合中的“交集” ,逻辑联络词中的“非” 相当于会合中的“补集” ,注意 2:《名师一号》 P8 问题研究问题2 命题的否认与否命题的差别:(1)前者否认结论,后者否认条件及结论(2)前者真假性与原命题必相反,后者真假性与原命题关系不定注意 3:( 增补 ) “且”、“或”命题的否认(1)(2)p qp q的否认为的否认为( p q)p q( p q)p q知识点二全称量词与存在量词1、全称量词、全称命题的定义“全部的”,“全部的”,“每一个”,“随意的”,“任给”,“凡”,“都” 等词在逻辑中往常叫做全称量词,用符号“”表示 . 含有全称量词的命题,叫做全称命题 .2.存在量词、特称命题的定义“存在”,“有一个”,“有的”,“起码有一个”,“对某个”,“有些”等词在逻辑中往常叫做存在量词,用符号“”表示.含有存在量词的命题,叫做特称命题.3.全称命题、特称命题的否认(1)全称命题的否认全称命题 P:x M , p( x) ;其命题否认┓ P 为:x M , p(x) 。
关于ACCA考试科目P7,我有系统性的学习方法
中公财经培训网:/ P阶段的ACCA考试相对来说对于专业知识的要求是比较高的。
所以,对于很多小伙伴来说P阶段的复习备考是相当重要的。
下面关于P7的备考经验小编在此就简单给大家介绍一下吧;P7高级审计和保证的目的是在最佳实践和当前发展的背景下,应用相关知识,技能并运用专业判断分析,评估,总结和报告保证参与以及其他审计和保证问题。
在这个资格认证的高级水平,ACCA的目标是测试学生的评估情况和运用熟练的智力来解决问题的技巧,或者为这些问题推荐“准确的”行为。
P7的大部分商标不只是为了知识。
您还可以在应用场景式问题中获得适应能力的分数。
最初,只有大约五六种类型的应用审计问题。
因此,第一阶段是研究所有类型的应用审计问题的技巧,并掌握审计风险,内部控制,实质性测试等理论的理解。
许多学生在对技术进行测试时表现良好。
然而,很多学生在实际考试中也未能练习这些技巧,最终导致失败。
首先,我会建议认识到要学习的关键点。
然后继续练习考试题目(始终确保使用ACCA 批准的学习合作伙伴的修订包)。
在考试前的几周内尽可能多地重复此操作。
重复可能会令人烦恼和耗时,但它是有效的。
在考试当天,在写答案时,不断重复阅读技巧并在头脑中重申这些技巧,并确保在将问题答案应用于问题情景时遵守这些技巧。
在准备P7时,花些时间练习为每个会计准则写出至少五个重点,以帮助您将重要主题带回家。
了解更复杂的ISA,如后续事件和初始审计概念非常重要。
关于审计风险和响应,证据和审计报告等领域的核心标准也不容忽视。
如果这一切似乎足够简单,为什么P7的合格率不会高到可以呢?这是令人沮丧的,但你需要阅读,理解,咬紧牙关,并尝试按照上述。
严格的考试练习可以让你免除考试中的任何失误。
希望你能找到我的详细提示对你的考试练习有用。
2019年9月ACCA考试P7高级审计与认证业务真题_真题-无答案
2019年9月ACCA考试P7高级审计与认证业务真题(总分100,考试时间195分钟)案例分析题Section AThis ONE question is compulsory and MUST be attempted.1. It is 1 July 20X5. You are a manager in Dando & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants responsible for the audit of the Adams Group, a listed entity, for the year ended 31 May 20X5. The Group operates in the textile industry, buying cotton, silk and other raw materials to manufacture a range of goods including clothing, linen and soft furnishings. Goods are sold under the Adams brand name, which was acquired by the Group many years ago. Your firm was appointed as auditor in January 20X5.You have been provided with the following exhibits:1. An email which you have received from Joss Dylan, the audit engagement partner.2. Information about the Adams Group’s general background and activities.3. Extracts from the draft Group financial statements for the year ended 31 May 20X5.4. Notes from a meeting held between Joss Dylan and the Group’s finance director and representatives from its **mittee.Required:Respond to the instructions in the email from the audit engagement partner.Note: The split of the mark allocation is shown in the partner’s email (Exhibit 1).Professional marks will be awarded for the presentation and logical flow of the briefing notes and the clarity of the explanations provided.Exhibit 1 – Email from audit engagement partnerTo: Audit managerFrom: Joss DylanSubject: Adams Group audit planningDate: 1 July 20X5HelloI need you to begin planning the audit of the Adams Group (the Group) for the year ended 31 May 20X5. As you know, we have been appointed to audit the Group financial statements, and we have also been appointed to audit the financial statements of the **pany and of all subsidiaries of the Group except for a foreign subsidiary, Lynott Co, which is audited by a local firm, Clapton & Co. **ponents of the Group have the same year end of 31 May, report under IFRS® Standards and in the same ing the information provided, I require you to prepare briefing notes for my use, in which you:(a) Evaluate the audit risks to be considered in planning the audit of the Group. Your evaluation should utilise analytical procedures for identifying relevant audit risks.(b) Explain the matters to be considered, and the procedures to be performed, in respect of planning to use the work of Clapton & Co.(c) Design the principal audit procedures to be performed in respect of the following balances recognised as non‑current assets in the Group statement of financial position:(i) $12 million recognised as investment in associate, and(ii) $8 million recognised as a brand name.(d) Using the information provided in the meeting notes in Exhibit 4, identify and evaluateany ethical threats and other professional issues which arise from the requests made by the Group **mittee.Thank you.Exhibit 2 – Background and structure of the Adams GroupThe Group structure and information about each of **ponents of the Group is shown below:Ross Co, Lynott Co and Beard Co are all wholly owned, acquired subsidiaries which manufacture different textiles. Adams Co also owns 25% of Stewart Co, a company which is classified as an associate in the Group statement of financial position at a value of $12 million at 31 May 20X5. The shares in Stewart Co were acquired in January 20X5 for a consideration of $11·5 million. Other than this recent investment in Stewart Co, the Group structure has remained unchanged for many rmation relevant to each of the **paniesAdams Co is the **pany in the group and its main activities relate to holding the investments in its subsidiaries and also the brand name which was purchased many years ago. Adams Co imposes an annual management charge of $800,000 on each of its subsidiaries, with the charge for each financial year payable in the subsequent August.Ross Co manufactures luxury silk clothing, with almost all of its output sold through approximately 200 department stores. Ross Co’s draft statement of financial position recognises assets of $21·5 million at 31 May 20X5. Any silk clothing which has not been sold within 12 months is transferred to Lynott Co, where the silk material is recycled in its manufacturing process.Lynott Co is located in Farland, where it can benefit from low cost labour in its factories. It produces low price fashion clothing for the mass market. A new inventory system was introduced in March 20X5 in order to introduce stronger controls over the movement of inventory between factories and stores. Lynott Co is audited by Clapton & Co, and its auditor’s reports in all previous years have been unmodified. Clapton & Co is a small accounting and audit firm, but is a member of an international network of firms. Lynott Co’s draft statement of financial position recognises assets of $24 million at 31 May 20X5.Beard Co manufactures soft furnishings which it sells through an extensive network of retailers. **pany is cash‑rich, and surplus cash is invested in a large portfolio of investment properties, which generate rental income. The Group’s accounting policy is to measure investment properties at fair value. Beard Co’s draft statement of financial position recognises assets of $28 million at 31 May 20X5, of which investment properties represent $10 million.Exhibit 3 – Extracts from draft Group consolidated financial statementsDraft consolidated statement of profit or loss and **prehensive incomeExhibit 4 – Notes from discussion with Group **mittee and finance directorRecent publicityDuring the year, the Group attracted negative publicity when an investigation by a well known journalist alleged that child labour was being used by several suppliers of raw materials to Lynott Co. The Group refuted the allegations, claiming that the suppliers in question had no contract to supply Lynott Co, and that the Group always uses raw materials from ethically responsible suppliers. The media coverage of the issue has now ended. The Group finance director is confident that the negative publicity has not affected sales of the Group’s products, saying that in fact sales are buoyant, as indicated by the increase in Group revenue in the year.Systems and accounting policiesThe Group has a policy of non amortisation of the Adams brand name. The brand name was acquired many years ago and is recognised at its original cost. The previous audit firm accepted the policy due to the strength of the brand name and the fact that the Group spends a significant amount each year on product development and marketing aimed at supporting the brand. The Group has maintained a good market share in the last few years and management is confident that this will continue to be the case.As part of management’s strategy to increase market share, a bonus scheme hasbeen put in place across the Group under which senior managers will receive a bonus based on an increase in revenue.The Group’s accounting and management information systems are out of date, and the Group would like to develop and implement new systems next year. The **mittee would like to obtain advice from Dando & Co on the new systems as they have little specialist in house knowledge in this area.FinancingIn addition, the **mittee requests that the Group audit engagement partner attends a meeting with the Group’s bank, which is planned to be held the week after the auditor’s report is issued. The purpose of the meeting is for the Group to renegotiate its existing lending facility and to extend its loan, and will be attended by the Group finance director, a representative of the **mittee, as well as the bank manager. The Group is hoping that the audit partner will be able to confirm the Group’s strong financial position at the meeting, and also confirm that the audit included procedures on going concern, specifically the audit of the Group’s cash flow forecast for the next two years, which the bank has requested as part of their lending decision.Section BBOTH questions **pulsory and MUST be attempted.2. It is 1 July 20X5. The audit of Bradley Co’s financial statements for the year ended 30 April 20X5 is **plete, and the auditor’s report is due to be issued next week. Bradley Co operates steel processing plants at 20 locations and sells its output to manufacturers and **panies. You are performing an engagement quality control review on the audit of Bradley Co, as it is a significant new client of your firm.(a) One of the audit assistants who has been working on the audit of Bradley Co made the **ments when discussing **pletion of the audit with you:‘I was assigned to the audit of provisions. One of the provisions, amounting to $10,000, relates to a legal claim made against **pany after an employee was injured in an accident at one of the steel processing plants. I read all of the correspondence relating to this, and tried to speak to Bradley Co’s legal advisers, but was told by the finance director that I must not approach them and should only speak to him about the matter. He said that he is confident that only $10,000 needs to be recognised and that the legal advisers had confirmed this amount to him in a discussion of the matter. I noted in the audit working papers that I could not perform all of the planned audit procedures because I could not speak to the legal advisers. The audit manager told me to conclude that provisions are correctly recognised in the financial statements based on the evidence obtained, and to move on to my next piece of work. He said it didn’t matter that I hadn’t spoken to the legal advisers because the matter is immaterial to the financial statements.‘We received the final version of the financial statements and the chairman’s statement to be published with the financial statements yesterday. I have quickly looked at the financial statements but the audit manager said we need not perform a final detailed analytical review on the financial statements as the audit was relatively low risk. The manager also said that he had discussed the chairman’s statement with the finance director, so no further work on it is needed. The audit has been quite time-pressured and I know that the client wants the auditor’s report to be issued as soon as possible.’Required:Explain the quality control and other professional issues raised by the audit assistant’s comments, discussing any implications for **pletion of the audit.(b) The schedule of uncorrected misstatements included in Bradley Co’s audit working papers is shown below, includingnotes to explain each matter included in the schedule. The financial statements recognise revenue of $2·5 million, and total assets of $35 million. The audit engagement partner is holding a meeting with management tomorrow, at which the uncorrected misstatements will be discussed.Notes:1. A share-based payment scheme was established in September 20X4. Management has not recognised any amount in the financial statements in relation to the scheme, arguing that due to the decline in Bradley Co’s share price, the share options granted are unlikely to be exercised. The audit conclusion is that an expense and related equity figure should be included in the financial statements.2. A provision has been recognised in respect of a restructuring involving the closure of one of the steel processing plants. Management approved the closure at a board meeting in April 20X5, but only announced the closure to employees in May 20X5. The audit conclusion is that the provision should not be recognised.3. The allowance relates to slow moving inventory in respect of a particular type of steel alloy for which demand has fallen. Management has already recognised an allowance of $35,000, which is considered insufficient by the audit team.Required:(i) Explain the matters which should be discussed with management in relation to each of the uncorrected misstatements; and(ii) Assuming that management does not adjust the misstatements, justify an appropriate audit opinion and explain the impact on the auditor’s report.The following mark allocation is provided as guidance for this requirement:(i) 10 marks(ii) 5 marks3. (a) Following recent changes to its International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code), in relation to audit firms providing non assurance services to audit clients, the **mented that:‘The performance of non assurance services may create threats to independence of the firm or members of the audit team. Such threats include self review, self interest and advocacy threats. Further if a firm were to assume a management responsibility for an audit client, the threats created would be so significant that no safeguards could reduce the threats to an acceptable level. However, there are varying views on what constitutes a management responsibility and as such it is in the public interest to enhance the clarity and guidance on this topic in the Code.’Required:Discuss the changes made to the Code in relation to non-assurance services and evaluate the arguments for and against auditors providing non-assurance services to audit clients.(b) It is 1 July 20X5. You are a manager in Hunt & Co, a firm which offers a range of services to audit and non audit clients. You have been asked to consider a potential engagement to review and provide a report on the prospective financial information of Waters Co, a company which has been an audit client of Hunt & Co for six years. The audit of the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 20X5 has **menced.Waters Co operates a chain of cinemas across the country. Currently its cinemas are out of date and use projectors which cannot show films made using new technology, which are becoming more popular. Management is planning to invest in all of its cinemas in order to attract more customers. **pany has sufficient cash to fund half of the necessary capital expenditure, but has approached its bank with a loan application of $8 million for the remainder of the funds required. Most of the cash will be used to invest in equipment and fittings, such as new projectors and larger screens, enabling new technology films to be shown in all cinemas. The remaining cash will be used for refurbishment of the cinemas. Prior to finalising the application for the funding from the bank, the finance director has also asked if the audit engagement partner will assist him in presenting the final version of the strategic plan, in relation to the refurbishment, to the board as he knows that Hunt & Co has several clients in the industry and the partner will be able to confirm that the planis consistent with what others in the industry are doing.The draft forecast statements of profit or loss for the years ending 31 May 20X6 and 20X7 are shown below, along with the key assumptions which have been used in their preparation. The unaudited statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 May 20X5 is also shown below. The forecast has been prepared for use by the bank in making its lending decision, and will be accompanied by other prospective financial information including a forecast statement of cash flows.Forecast statement of profit or lossNote 1: The forecast increase in revenue is based on the following assumptions:(i) All cinemas will be fitted with new projectors and larger screens to show new technology films by September 20X5.(ii) Ticket prices will increase from $7·50 to $10 from 1 September 20X5.Note 2: Operating expenses include mainly staff costs, depreciation of property and equipment, and repairs and maintenance to the cinemas.Required:(i) Explain the matters to be considered by Hunt & Co before accepting the engagement to review and report on Waters Co’s prospective financial information.(ii) Assuming the engagement is accepted, describe the examination procedures to be used in respect of the forecast statement of profit or loss.(iii) Discuss the content of the report which would be issued on the prospective financial information, explaining the level of assurance which is provided.。
十天通过ACCA AAA(P7) 【ethical篇】
十天通过ACCA AAA(P7)【ethical篇】答题方法总览首先第一步我们要了解真题中关于ethical题目的问法,一般来说都是同一个问法:Comment on the quality control, ethical and professional issues raised in respect of the audit, and recommend any actions to be taken by the audit firm.看到这种问题你心里就要窃喜一下了,毕竟这个章节背诵内容少,而且得分比较方便。
我先给大家一个答题思路,然后再把细的知识点列出来。
这种题目大概率会集中在第四题,但是有些考试也会分布在不同的题目中。
对于这一类题目的套路如下:1.找出文章中的risk,摘抄原文也可以,解释文章中的行为会导致审计师什么样的道德风险2.为什么会导致道德风险,以及此类风险的影响3.如何应对这个风险举个例子让大家更好的理解,我直接把考官文章的例子拉过来放这里吧。
The audit committee of, Mumbai Co, has asked the partner to consider whether it would be possible for the audit teamto perform a review of the company‘s internal control system. A number of recent incidents have raised concerns amongst the management team that controls have deteriorated and that this has increased the risk of fraud, as well as inefficient commercial practices. The auditor’s report for the audit of the financial statements of Mumbai Co for the year ended 31 March 2016 was signed a few weeks ago. Mumbai Co is a listed company.Required:Comment on the ethical issues raised and the actions your firm should take in response to the client’s request.毫无疑问我用粗体字圈起来的地方就是风险所在。
六月备考:P4、P5、P7科目备考重点
六月备考:P4、P5、P7科目备考重点
离六月ACCA考试已经没有几天了。
各位要参加考试的小伙伴们,你们都准备好了吗?中博诚通小编给你推荐P4、P5、P7科目备考重点,希望对备考的你有所帮助。
PAPER P4
·要确保基础扎实——F9 Financial Management (except working capital management)在P4中也会考到
·尽早开始复习考纲,深挖知识点,经常阅读高质量的金融文章
· P4是个很看功底和考试技巧的考试,一定要提早安排,构建好自己的知识复习体系。
PAPER P5
· P5不是P3也不是F5
· P5考察的是你分析和评估的能力,你可以通过不断做历年真题提高
·仔细读近四次考试的examiner’s reports
PAPER P7
·注意Integrated reporting
·回答长问题的时候要注意:answer plan, structured answer, significant facts, relevant content, inferences made, commercial awareness和professional commentary
· P7不是F8的升级版这么简单,要多刷真题
温馨提醒:
时间过得好快,转眼已到6月份,离ACCA考试已经没有几天了。
报考ACCA6
月份的小伙伴们,要准备开足马力备考了。
2016年四个考试季中博诚通一如既往给大家提供陪伴和服务,陪伴大家学习每一天;188位经验丰富的老师随时准备答疑解惑,全天候学服不间断解决各种问题。
十天通过ACCA AAA(P7) 【小知识点一日份】
十天通过ACCA AAA(P7)【小知识点一日份】P7中贯穿着很多小知识点,分散在每一题中,分值虽然不大但是合起来也是很可观的分数,这一篇文章建议在考前随便翻翻,因为每个知识点考到的可能性没有那么大,但是给自己留个印象也挺好的。
今天先发一日份的小知识Additional information to assist with preliminary analytical review这种题目的回答会依据文章来定,我可以给大家一些思路1. disaggregation of (某个会计科目)to assess significant change2. monthly breakdown of(收入或费用)3. details of loan用来审查这项贷款的各项指标是否正常4. statement of changes in equity5. reconciliation of brought forward and carried forward(某会计科目)Initial audit engagementmunicate with the previous auditor, review theirworking papers2.consider whether any previous auditor reports weremodified3.consider any matters which were raised whenprofessional clearance was obtained4.need to develop thorough business understanding5.risk of misstatement in opening balances appliedaccounting policies6.firm's quality control procedures for new audit clients7.need to use experienced audit team to reduce detectionrisklaws and regulations这里的意思就是看看公司有没有违反法律和监管机构的政策,审计师主要审计的是对财报有影响的行为。
2021中考七下道德与法治知识点梳理
2021中考七下道德与法治知识点梳理2021年八下道法知识提纲1.1.1 悄悄变化的我1、什么是青春期?有何重要性?(P3相关链接)青春期一般指人的发育过程中,介于儿童期和成年期之间的过渡期。
它是继婴儿期后,人生第二个生长发育的高峰期。
2、青春期的身体(生理)变化表现在哪些方面?(P3)身体外形的变化,内部器官的完善,性机能的成熟。
3、★青春期的生理变化带给我们什么影响?(P3-P4)(1)积极影响:青春期的生理变化带给我们旺盛的生命力,使我们的身体充满能量。
我们拥有充沛的精力、敏捷的思维,对成长充满强烈渴望,感觉生活拥有无限可能。
(2)消极影响:处于青春期的我们,往往更加关注自己的外表。
有时,一些正常的生理现象也可能给我们带来烦恼。
4、身体发育不同的原因和表现?(P5)(1)原因:受遗传、营养、锻炼等因素的影响,我们身体的发育情况各不相同。
(2)表现:有的长得快,有的长得慢;有的先长胖,有的先长高。
5、★怎样正确对待青春期的生理变化?(P5)①我们要正视身体的变化,欣然接受青春花蕾的绽放。
②不因自己的生理变化而自卑,是我们对自己的尊重;不嘲弄同伴的生理变化,是我们对同伴的尊重。
③在追求形体、仪表等外在美的同时,我们也要提高品德和文化修养,体现青春的内在美。
(青春的我们应该怎样追求美?)6、进入青春期,我们心理变化的原因是什么?(青春期矛盾心理产生的原因)(P5)认知能力得到发展,自我意识不断增强,情感世界愈加丰富7、青春期矛盾心理的主要表现?(P6相关链接)①反抗与依赖②闭锁与开放③勇敢与怯懦8、为什么要正确处理青春期的矛盾心理?(P6)①青春期的矛盾心理有时让我们烦恼,但也为我们的成长提供了契机。
②积极面对和正确处理这些心理矛盾,我们才能健康成长。
9、★如何正确处理青春期的矛盾心理?(P6)①可以参加集体活动,在集体的温暖中放松自己;(集体)②可以通过求助他人,学习化解烦恼的方法;(他人)③可以通过培养兴趣爱好转移注意,接纳和调适青春期的矛盾心理。
ACCA P7学习方法:如何取得好成绩
ACCA P7是选修课程,难度较大,很多考生在P阶段选课时都会避开P7。
但是要知道通过ACCA P7的ACCA会员可以获得对英联邦国际事务所有效的签字权。
所以想去英国发展或是对职业规划比较宏达的同学,ACCA P7就是必考科目了,最好还要拿到比较好的分数。
使用正确的ACCA P7学习方法,才能取得好成绩。
ACCA P7学习方法:打好基础
F8和P2是P7的基础,所以要想学好P7,首先这两门课程要学好。
在学校P7的过程中,中公财经网小编建议大家准备好F8和P2的笔记,方便复习P7的基础知识。
ACCA P7学习方法:熟悉专业词汇
高级审计这门的词汇和句子相对其它的科目要求更精确和专业,这就要注意在平时的归纳总结,中公财经网小编建议大家在遇到这些特殊的词语和句子的时候总结在笔记本上,反复记忆。
ACCA P7学习方法:熟悉历年真题
熟悉P7的历年真题,总结做题的思路。
建议考生把07年以后的真题中同一种题目的所有答案
的每一个要点归纳到一起,方便记忆,也有利于答题时根据题目具体的环境展开思路。
P7的难度在于考察对知识的运用,这就需要在平时做题时多总结做题的思路。
P7种经常会遇到一类题目就是审计工作发现出了问题,问你应该怎么办,这种题目的思路就是第一。
很多考生都说ACCA P7难,但是只要你掌握正确的ACCA P7学习方法,想通过考试还是有很大希望的,毕竟P7每年也是有30%+通过率的。
ACCA历年真题及答案P7(INT)-2013-dec-question-answer
P a p e r P 7 ( I N T )2Disposal of Broadway CoOn 1 September 2013, the Group disposed of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Broadway Co, for proceeds of $180 million. Broadway Co operated a distribution centre in this country. The Group’s statement of profit or loss includes a profit of $25 million in respect of the disposal.Broadway Co was acquired by a retail organisation, the Cornwall Group, which wished to bring its distribution operations in house in order to save costs. Compton & Co resigned as auditor to Broadway Co on 15 September 2013 to be replaced by the principal auditor of the Cornwall Group.Zennor Co –Internal audit teamThe internal audit team was established several years ago and is headed up by a qualified accountant, Jo Evesham, who has a lot of experience in designing systems and controls. Jo and her team monitor the effectiveness of operating and financial reporting controls, and report to the board of directors. Zennor Co does not have an audit committee as corporate governance rules in Farland do not require an internal audit function or an audit committee to be established.During the year, the internal audit team performed several value for money exercises such as reviewing the terms negotiated with suppliers.Required:Respond to the instructions in the partner’s email.(31 marks) Note: The mark allocation is shown against each of the instructions in the partner’s email above.Professional marks will be awarded for the structure and presentation of the briefing notes and for the clarity of explanations.(4 marks)(35 marks)3[P.T.O.2You are a manager in the business advisory department of Goleen & Co. Your firm has been approached to provide assurance to Baltimore Co, a company which is not an audit client of your firm, on a potential acquisition. You have just had a conversation with Mark Clear, Baltimore Co’s managing director, who made the following comments:‘Baltimore Co is a book publisher specialising in publishing textbooks and academic journals. In the last few years the market has changed significantly, with the majority of customers purchasing books from online sellers. This has led to a reduction in profits, and we recognise that we need to diversify our product range in order to survive. As a result of this, we decided to offer a subscription-based website to customers, which would provide the customer with access to our full range of textbooks and journals online.‘On investigating how to set up this website, we found that we lack sufficient knowledge and resources to develop it ourselves and began to look for another company which has the necessary skills, with a view to acquiring the company. We have identified Mizzen Co as a potential acquisition, and we have approached the bank for a loan which will be used to finance the acquisition if it goes ahead.‘Baltimore Co has not previously acquired another company. We would like to engage your firm to provide guidance regarding the acquisition. I understand that a due diligence review would be advisable prior to deciding on whether to go ahead with the acquisition, but the other directors are not sure that this is required, and they don’t understand what the review would involve. They are also unsure about the type of conclusion that would be issued and whether it would be similar to the opinion in an audit report.‘T o help me brief the other directors and using the information I have provided, I would like you to:(a)Discuss THREE benefits to Baltimore Co of a due diligence review being performed on Mizzen Co.(6 marks)(b)Identify and explain the matters which you would focus on in your due diligence review and recommend theadditional information which you will need to perform your work.(16 marks)(c)Describe the type of conclusion which would be issued for a due diligence report and compare this to an auditreport.’(3 marks) Mark Clear has sent you the following information about Mizzen Co:Company backgroundMizzen Co was established four years ago by two university graduates, Vic Sandhu and Lou Lien, who secured funds from a venture capitalist company, BizGrow, to set up the company. Vic and Lou created a new type of website interface which has proven extremely popular, and which led to the company growing rapidly and building a good reputation. They continue to innovate and have won awards for website design. Vic and Lou have a minority shareholding in Mizzen Co.Mizzen Co employs 50 people and operates from premises owned by BizGrow, for which a nominal rent of $1,000 is paid annually. The company uses few assets other than computer equipment and fixtures and fittings. The biggest expense is wages and salaries and due to increased demand for website development, freelance specialists have been used in the last six months. According to the most recent audited financial statements, Mizzen Co has a bank balance of $500,000.The company has three revenue streams:1.Developing and maintaining websites for corporate customers. Mizzen Co charges a one-off fee to its customersfor the initial development of a website and for maintaining the website for two years. The amount of this fee depends on the size and complexity of the website and averages at $10,000 per website. The customer can then choose to pay another one-off fee, averaging $2,000, for Mizzen Co to provide maintenance for a further five years.2.Mizzen Co has also developed a subscription-based website on which it provides access to technical material forcomputer specialists. Customers pay an annual fee of $250 which gives them unlimited access to the website.This accounts for approximately 30% of Mizzen Co’s total revenue.3.The company has built up several customer databases which are made available, for a fee, to other companiesfor marketing purposes. This is the smallest revenue stream, accounting for approximately 20% of Mizzen Co’s total revenue.4Extracts from audited financial statementsStatement of profit or loss and other comprehensive incomeYear ended Year ended Year ended Year ended30 September 30 September 30 September 30 September2013201220112010$’000$’000$’000$’000Revenue4,2683,4502,150500Operating expenses(2,118)(2,010)(1,290)(1,000)––––––––––––––––––––––––Operating profit/(loss)2,1501,440860(500)Finance costs(250)(250)(250)–––––––––––––––––––––––––Profit/(loss) before tax1,9001,190610(500)T ax expense(475)(300)(140)–––––––––––––––––––––––––Profit/(loss) for the year1,425890470(500)––––––––––––––––––––––––There were no items of other comprehensive income recognised in any year.Required:Respond to the request from Mark Clear.Note: The mark allocation is shown against each of the instructions from Mark Clear above.(25 marks)5[P.T.O.Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted3Dasset Co operates in the coal mining industry. The company owns ten mines across the country from which coal is extracted before being sold onto customers who are energy providers. Coal mining companies operate under licence from the National Coal Mining Authority, an organisation which monitors the environmental impact of coal mining operations, and requires coal mines to be operated in compliance with strict health and safety regulations.You are an audit manager in Burton & Co, responsible for the audit of Dasset Co and you are reviewing the audit working papers for the year ended 31 August 2013. The draft financial statements recognise profit before tax of $18 million and total assets of $175 million. The audit senior has left a note for your attention:Accident at the Ledge Hill MineOn 15 August 2013, there was an accident at the Ledge Hill Mine, where several of the tunnels in the mine collapsed, causing other tunnels to become flooded. This has resulted in one-third of the mine becoming inaccessible and for safety reasons, the tunnels will be permanently closed. However, Dasset Co’s management thinks that the rest of the mine can remain operational, as long as improvements are made to ensure that the mine meets health and safety regulations.Luckily no one was injured in the accident. However, the collapse caused subsidence which has damaged several residential properties in a village located above the mine. A surveyor has been commissioned to report on whether the properties need to be demolished or whether they can be safely repaired. A group of 20 residents has been relocated to rental properties in the local area and Dasset Co is meeting all expenses in relation to this.The Ledge Hill Mine was acquired several years ago and is recognised in the draft statement of financial position at $10 million. As no employees were injured in the accident, Dasset Co’s management has decided not to report the accident to the National Coal Mining Authority.Required:In respect of the accident at the Ledge Hill Mine:(a)(i)Comment on the matters which you should consider; and(ii)Describe the audit evidence which you should expect to find,in undertaking your review of the audit working papers and financial statements of Dasset Co.Note: The total marks will be split equally between each part.(14 marks)(b In relation to management’s decision not to report the accident to the National Coal Mining Authority, discussBurton & Co’s responsibilities and recommend the actions which should be taken by the firm.(6 marks)(20 marks)64You are an audit manager in Chester & Co, and you are reviewing three situations which have recently arisen with respect to potential and existing audit clients of your firm.T etbury Co’s managing director, Juan Stanton, has approached Chester & Co to invite the firm to tender for its audit.T etbury Co is a small, owner-managed company providing financial services such as arranging mortgages and advising on pension plans. The company’s previous auditors recently resigned. Juan Stanton states that this was due to ‘a disagreement on the accounting treatment of commission earned, and because they thought our controls were not very good.’ You are aware that T etbury Co has been investigated by the financial services authority for alleged non-compliance with its regulations. As well as performing the audit, Juan would like Chester & Co to give business development advice.The audit of Stratford Co’s financial statements for the year ended 30 November 2013 will commence shortly. You are aware that the company is in financial difficulties. Stratford Co’s managing director, Colin Charlecote, has requested that the audit engagement partner accompanies him to a meeting with the bank where a new loan will be discussed, and the draft financial statements reviewed. Colin has hinted that if the partner does not accompany him to the meeting, he will put the audit out to tender. In addition, an invoice relating to interim audit work performed in August 2013 has not yet been paid.Banbury Co is a listed entity, and its audit committee has asked Chester & Co to perform an actuarial valuation on the company’s defined benefit pension plan. One of the audit partners is a qualified actuary and has the necessary skills and expertise to perform the service. Banbury Co has a year ending 28 February 2014, and the audit planning is due to commence next week. Its financial statements for the year ended 28 February 2013, in respect of which the audit report was unmodified, included total assets of $35 million and a pension liability of $105,000.Required:Identify and discuss the ethical and other professional issues raised, and recommend any actions that should be taken in respect of:(a)Tetbury Co;(8 marks)(b)Stratford Co; and(6 marks)(c)Banbury Co.(6 marks)(20 marks)7[P.T.O.5(a)You are the manager responsible for the audit of Burford Co, a company which designs and manufactures engine parts. The audit of the financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2013 is nearing completion and you are reviewing the working papers of the going concern section of the audit file. The draft financial statements recognise a loss of $500,000 (2012 – profit of $760,000), and total assets of $13·8 million (2012 –$14·4 million).The audit senior has left the following note for your attention:‘I have performed analytical review on Burford Co’s year-end financial statements. The current ratio is 0·8 (2012– 1·2), the quick ratio is 0·5 (2012 – 1·6). The latest management accounts show that ratios have deteriorated further since the year end, and the company now has a cash balance of only $25,000. Burford Co has a long-term loan outstanding of $80,000 with a covenant attached, which states that if the current ratio falls below 0·75, the loan can be immediately recalled by the lender.’You are also aware that one of Burford Co’s best-selling products, the QuickFire, has become technically obsolete during 2013 as customers now prefer more environmentally friendly engine parts. Historically, the QuickFire has generated 45% of the company’s revenue. In response to customers’ preference, $1·3 million has been spent on designing a new product, the GreenFire, due for launch in February 2014, which will be marketed as an environmentally friendly product.A cash flow forecast has been prepared for the year to 31 July 2014, indicating that based on certainassumptions, the company’s cash balance is predicted to increase to $220,000 by the end of the forecast period.Assumptions include:1.The successful launch of the GreenFire product,2.The sale of plant and machinery which was used to manufacture the QuickFire, generating cash proceedsof $50,000, forecast to take place in January 2014,3. A reduction in payroll costs of 15%, caused by redundancies in the QuickFire manufacturing plant, and4.The receipt of a grant of $30,000 from a government department which encourages innovation inenvironmentally friendly products, scheduled to be received in February 2014.Required:(i)Identify and explain the matters which cast doubt on the going concern status of Burford Co.(6 marks)(ii)Explain the audit evidence you should expect to find in your file review in respect of the cash flow forecast.(8 marks)(b)H aving completed the file review, you have concluded that the use of the going concern assumption isappropriate, but that there is significant doubt over Burford Co’s ability to continue as a going concern. You have advised the company’s audit committee that a note is required in the financial statements to describe the significant doubt over going concern. The audit committee is reluctant to include a detailed note to the financial statements due to fears that the note will highlight the company’s problems and cause further financial difficulties, but have agreed that a brief note will be included.Required:In respect of the note on going concern to be included in Burford Co’s financial statements, discuss the implications for the audit report and outline any further actions to be taken by the auditor. (6 marks)(20 marks)End of Question Paper8Professional Level – Options Module, Paper P7 (INT)Advanced Audit and Assurance (International)December 2013 Answers 1Briefing notesTo: Audit PartnerFrom: Audit ManagerSubject: Planning issues for the Stow Group, year ending 31 December 2013IntroductionThese briefing notes contain an explanation of the risks of material misstatement to be considered in planning the audit of the Stow Group. The risks which have been explained focus on a restructuring of the Group which has taken place during the year.Materiality has been considered where information permits, and further information which would be useful in planning the audit has also been identified. The briefing notes also contain recommended audit procedures to be performed in respect of the disposal of Broadway Co. In addition, the Group finance director’s suggestion that our firm makes use of the new subsidiary’s internal audit team when performing our audit has been discussed, along with the ethical implication of the suggestion.(a)(i)and(ii)Zennor CoMateriality of Zennor CoT o evaluate the materiality of Zennor Co to the Group, its profit and assets need to be retranslated into $. At the statedexchange rate of 4 Dingu = $1, its projected profit for the year is $22·5 million (90 million Dingu/4) and its projectedtotal assets are $200 million (800 million Dingu/4).Zennor Co’s profit represents 11·3% of Group projected profit for the year (22·5/200), and its assets represent 8% ofGroup total assets (200/2,500). Zennor Co is therefore material to the Group and may be considered to be a significantcomponent of it. A significant component is one which is identified by the auditor as being of individual financialsignificance to the group. Zenner Co is likely to be considered a significant component due to its risk profile and thechange in group structure which has occurred in the year.The goodwill arising on the acquisition of Zennor Co amounts to 2·4% (60/2,500) of Group assets and is material.Because the balances above, including goodwill, are based on a foreign currency, they will need to be retranslated atthe year end using the closing exchange rate to determine and conclude on materiality as at the year end.Materiality needs to be assessed based on the new, enlarged group structure. Materiality for the group financialstatements as a whole will be determined when establishing the overall group audit strategy. The addition of Zennor Coto the group during the year is likely to cause materiality to be different from previous years, possibly affecting auditstrategy and the extent of testing in some areas.Risks of material misstatementRetranslation of Zennor Co’s financial statementsAccording to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, the assets and liabilities of Zennor Co shouldbe retranslated using the closing exchange rate. Its income and expenses should be retranslated at the exchange ratesat the dates of the transactions.The risk is that incorrect exchange rates are used for the retranslations. This could result in over/understatement of theassets, liabilities, income and expenses that are consolidated, including goodwill. It would also mean that the exchangegains and losses arising on retranslation and to be included in Group other comprehensive income are incorrectlydetermined.Measurement and recognition of exchange gains and lossesThe calculation of exchange gains and losses can be complex, and there is a risk that it is not calculated correctly, orthat some elements are omitted, for example, the exchange gain or loss on goodwill may be missed out of thecalculation.IAS 21 states that exchange gains and losses arising as a result of the restranslation of the subsidiary’s balances arerecognised in other comprehensive income. The risk is incorrect classification, for example, the gain or loss could berecognised incorrectly as part of profit for the yearInitial measurement of goodwillIn order for goodwill to be calculated, the assets and liabilities of Zennor Co must have been identified and measuredat fair value at the date of acquisition. Risks of material misstatement arise because the various components of goodwilleach have specific risks attached, for example:–Not all assets and liabilities may have been identified, for example, contingent liabilities and contingent assets may be omitted–Fair value is subjective and based on assumptions which may not be valid.There is also a risk that the cost of investment is not stated correctly, for example, that any contingent consideration hasnot been included in the calculation.11Subsequent measurement of goodwillAccording to IFRS 3 Business Combinations, goodwill should be subject to an impairment review on an annual basis. The risk is that a review has not taken place, and so goodwill is overstated and Group operating expenses understated if impairment losses have not been recognised.Consolidation of income and expensesZennor Co was acquired on 1 February 2013 and its income and expenses should have been consolidated from that date. There is a risk that the full year’s income and expenses have been consolidated, leading to a risk of overstated Group profit.DisclosureExtensive disclosures are required by IFRS 3 to be included in the notes to the Group financial statements, for example, to include the acquisition date, reason for the acquisition and a description of the factors which make up the goodwill acquired. The risk is that disclosures are incomplete or not understandable.Intra-group transactionsThere will be a significant volume of intra-group transactions as the Group is supplying Zennor Co with inventory. There is a risk that intra-group sales, purchases, payables and receivables are not eliminated, leading to overstated revenue, cost of sales, payables and receivables in the Group financial statements.There is also a risk that intercompany transactions are not identified in either/both companies’ accounting systems.The intra-group transactions are by definition related party transactions according to IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, because Zennor Co is under the control of the Group. No disclosure of the transactions is required in the Group financial statements in respect of intra-group transactions because they are eliminated on consolidation. H owever, both the individual financial statements of the Group company supplying Zennor Co and the financial statements of Zennor Co must contain notes disclosing details of the intra-group transactions. There is a risk that this disclosure is not provided.In addition, the cars may be supplied including a profit margin or mark up, in which case a provision for unrealised profit should be recognised in the Group financial statements. If this is not accounted for, Group inventory will be overstated, and operating profit will be overstated.Completeness of inventoryThere is a risk that cars which are in transit to Zennor Co at the year end may be omitted from inventory. The cars spend a significant amount of time in transit and awaiting delivery to Zennor Co, and without a good system of controls in place, it is likely that items of inventory will be missing from the Group’s current assets as they may have been recorded as despatched from the seller but not yet as received by Zennor Co.The inventory in transit to Zennor Co represents 2·3% of Group total assets (58/2,500) and is therefore material to the consolidated financial statements.Tutorial note:Credit will also be awarded where answers discuss the issue of whether the arrangement is a consignment inventory arrangement, and the relevant risks of material misstatement.Further information in relation to Zennor Co:–Prior years’ financial statements and auditor’s reports–Minutes of meetings where the acquisition was discussed–Business background, e.g. from the company’s website or trade journals–Copies of systems documentation from the internal audit team–Confirmation from Zennor Co’s previous auditors of any matters which they wish to bring to our attention–Projected financial statements for the year to 31 December 2013– A copy of the due diligence report–Copies of prior year tax computationsTutorial note:Credit will also be awarded for discussions of risks of material misstatement and relevant audit procedures relating to the initial audit of Zennor Co by Compton & Co, e.g. increased risk of misstatement of opening balances and comparatives.Broadway CoMaterialityThe profit made on the disposal of Broadway Co represents 12·5% of Group profit for the year (25/200) and the transaction is therefore material to the Group financial statements.Given that the subsidiary was sold for $180 million and that a profit on disposal of $25 million was recognised, the Group’s financial statements must have derecognised net assets of $155 million on the disposal. This amounts to 6·2% of the Group’s assets and is material. This is assuming that the profit on disposal has been correctly calculated, which is a risk factor discussed below.Risk of material misstatementDerecognition of assets and liabilitiesOn the disposal of Broadway Co, all of its assets and liabilities which had been recognised in the Group financial statements should have been derecognised at their carrying value, including any goodwill in respect of the company.There is therefore a risk that not all assets, liabilities and goodwill have been derecognised leading to overstatement of those balances and an incorrect profit on disposal being calculated and included in Group profit for the year.Profit consolidated prior to disposalThere is a risk that Broadway Co’s income for the year has been incorrectly consolidated. It should have been included in Group profit up to the date that control passed and any profit included after that point would mean overstatement of Group profit for the year.Calculation of profit on disposalThere is a risk that the profit on disposal has not been accurately calculated, e.g. that the proceeds received have not been measured at fair value as required by IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements, or that elements of the calculation are missing.Classification and disclosure of profit on disposalIAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements requires separate disclosure on the face of the financial statements of material items to enhance the understanding of performance during the year. The profit of $25 million is material, so separate disclosure is necessary. The risk is that the profit is not separately disclosed, e.g. is netted from operating expenses, leading to material misstatement.Extensive disclosure requirements exist in relation to subsidiaries disposed of, e.g. IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows requires a note which analyses the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary at the date of disposal. There is a risk that not all necessary notes to the financial statements are provided.Tutorial note:It is possible that Broadway Co represents a disposal group and a discontinued operation, and credit will be awarded for discussion of relevant risks of material misstatement and audit procedures in respect of these issues.Treatment of the disposal in parent company individual financial statementsThe parent company’s financial statements should derecognise the original cost of investment and recognise a profit on disposal based on the difference between the proceeds of $180 million and the cost of investment. Risk arises if the investment has not been derecognised or the profit has been incorrectly calculated.Tax on disposalThere should be an accrual in both the parent company and the Group financial statements for the tax due on the disposal. This should be calculated based on the profit recognised in the parent company. There is a risk that the tax is not accrued for, leading to overstated profit and understated liabilities. There is also a risk that the tax calculation is not accurate.Tutorial note:As Compton & Co is no longer the auditor of Broadway Co, there is no need for any further information in relation to audit planning, other than that needed to perform the audit procedures listed below.(b)Procedures to be performed on the disposal of Broadway Co–Obtain the statement of financial position of Broadway Co as at 1 September 2013 to confirm the value of assets and liabilities which have been derecognised from the Group.–Review prior year Group financial statements and audit working papers to confirm the amount of goodwill that exists in respect of Broadway Co and trace to confirm it is derecognised from the Group on disposal.–Confirm that the Stow Group is no longer listed as a shareholder of the company.–Obtain legal documentation in relation to the disposal to confirm the date of the disposal and confirm that Broadway Co’s profit has been consolidated up to this date only.–Agree or reconcile the profit recognised in the Group financial statements to Broadway Co’s individual accounts as at1 September 2013.–Perform substantive analytical procedures to gain assurance that the amount of profit consolidated from 1 January to1 September 2013 appears reasonable and in line with expectations based on prior year profit.–Reperform management’s calculation of profit on disposal in the Group financial statements.–Agree the proceeds received of $180 million to legal documentation, and to cash book/bank statements.–Confirm that $180 million is the fair value of proceeds on disposal and that no deferred or contingent consideration is receivable in the future.–Review the Group statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income to confirm that the profit on disposal is correctly disclosed as part of profit for the year (not in other comprehensive income) on a separate line.–Using a disclosure checklist, confirm that all necessary information has been provided in the notes to the Group financial statements.–Obtain the parent company’s statement of financial position to confirm that the cost of investment is derecognised.–Using prior year financial statements and audit working papers, agree the cost of investment derecognised to prior year’s figure.–Reperform the calculation of profit on disposal in the parent company’s financial statements.–Reconcile the profit on disposal recognised in the parent company’s financial statements to the profit recognised in the Group financial statements.–Obtain management’s estimate of the tax due on disposal, reperform the calculation and confirm the amount is properly accrued at parent company and at Group level.–Review any correspondence with tax authorities regarding the tax due.–Possibly the tax will be paid in the subsequent events period, in which case the payment can be agreed to cash book and bank statement.。
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正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)
中华会计网校会计人的网上家园
备考P7的那些题(一)
Dec 2012 Q2
Answer:
Briefing Notes
To: Jasming Berry
From: Audit Manager
Subject: Audit completion issues to other matters for discussion with audit committee. Introduction:
Audit implications of matters raised by audit senior.
1) Audit work on inventory
● Potentially obsolete inventory=130,000
●Individually the amount is immaterial- even if the accounting treatment is incorrect.
●IAS 2 inventory to be valued as lower of cost and NRV.
●Implication is that this inventory has Nil valuation
-Probably cannot be recycle
-Plastic covered
●Additional audit procedures could be performed to identify whether the training manual…were just covered in plastic…with contents recyclable, or whether all contents were covered in plastic.
●Written reports have been requested (IAS 580) to confirm training materials can be recycles…Not yet been received. BUT, written report should correlate other sources of evidence ….Not contact/ conflict with it .
….So if received… cannot simply be relied upon to support current accounting treatment.
●Audit conclusion: Probable non-compliance with IAS 2/ IAS 37…in that the $130k should be monitor. But individually it is immaterial by value.
2) Audit work on provision
●Legal claim $125k individually immaterial by value.
●But if added to obsolescence by provision in aggregate $130k+125k=$255k , and $130 comes material to I/E
●IAS 37 correct accounting treatment for legal claim should be provision …legal advise is that with probably be paid.
●Only verbal evidence to date from lawyers…seeking confirmation in writting
●Financially statements appear to be materially misstated on to issues…which in aggregate are material.
●Modified report
FS’s materially misstated
Material not pervasive
Multiple qualified report
…except for…
3) Audit work on current assets
●Accounting treatment….IAS 24
Cherry is a related party…loan to cherry is a RP transaction.
●As such should be separately disclosed in FS’s
Not simply included in current assets。