2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
考研英语2005年-2010年阅读全文翻译
考研英语历年真题全文翻译2010 Text 1在过去的 25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于 40 岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
然而，在 20 世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
从 20 世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。
当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。
在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。
他的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如 George Bernard Shaw 和 Ernest Newman 也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。
这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman 曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”。
不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。
从 1917 年开始一直到 1975 年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的 Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。
但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。
他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以 1947 年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。
1967 年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
2005考研英语真题详解
2005考研英语真题详解2005年考研英语真题是考研复习的重要参考资料之一。
通过详细解析这份真题，我们可以更好地理解考试的目标和要求，并为我们的备考提供指导。
本文将对2005年考研英语真题进行详细解析，帮助考生加深对考试内容的理解和掌握。
第一部分：阅读理解在2005年考研英语真题的阅读理解部分，共包含了三篇文章，涉及了不同的主题和内容。
我们将按照文章顺序，逐一进行解析和分析。
文章一文章一是关于环境保护的话题。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到环境保护在当时已经成为国际社会关注的焦点。
文章主要讲述了人类活动对环境的破坏和环境问题的危害。
首先，作者指出了人类活动对生态系统造成的破坏，并举例说明了水资源的有限性和污染对人类健康的影响。
接着，文章提到了大气污染对气候变化的影响，并呼吁国际社会共同努力解决环境问题。
文章二文章二是关于教育和学习的话题。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到教育的重要性和学习的方法。
首先，作者强调了教育在人类社会中的重要性，并举例说明教育对个人发展的影响。
接着，文章介绍了有效学习的方法，包括积极主动地参与课堂活动和利用多种资源进行学习。
文章三文章三是关于心理学的话题。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到心理学的基本概念和应用。
首先，作者介绍了心理学的定义和发展历史，并解释了心理学对人类行为和思维的研究意义。
接着，文章讲述了应用心理学在解决社会问题和提高人们生活质量中的作用。
第二部分：长篇阅读理解在2005年考研英语真题的长篇阅读理解部分，共有两篇文章，涉及了不同的主题和内容。
我们将按照文章顺序，逐一进行解析和分析。
文章一文章一是关于经济发展的话题。
通过阅读这篇文章，我们可以了解到经济发展的影响和挑战。
首先，作者提到了快速经济发展给环境和资源造成的压力，并探讨了如何平衡经济发展和环境保护之间的关系。
接着，文章讨论了经济发展对社会结构和就业的影响，并提出了解决就业问题的思路和建议。
文章二文章二是关于健康与饮食的话题。
考研英语一真题阅读理解词汇整理大全：2005-2011年(建议收藏)
2005年真题 TEXT 1 动物的公平意识vanish 消失slack 松懈，懈怠grievance 不满capuchin 卷尾猴be jealous of 嫉妒good-natured 生性温和co-operative 乐于合作readily 乐意地，心甘情愿地inclined to 更倾向于markedly 明显地goods 商品toss 抛（v.） 猛仰头，抛硬币决定（n.）stem from 起源于as yet 到目前为止weigh 权衡，斟酌token 金属代币perfect candiate 理想人选resentment 愤怒hand over 交出abundantly 极其，非常righteous indignation 义愤perceive 注意到，察觉到make a comparison 比较发现相同or 相异之处 pose a constrast 对比表明差异TEXT 2 全球气候变暖问题亟待解决buy 相信（尤指不可能的事）；承认接受antismoking lobby 反对吸烟的游说者（n.）前厅，大厅，游说团体；（v.）游说be out of 是为了stay out the way 置身事外panel 专家团enlist 谋求某人帮助definitely 毫无疑问地in one wave after another pour 一波又一波，前赴后继fume 烟气press for sth 不断要求做某事press forward on sth 推进某事prudent 谨慎的，明智的paralysis by analysis 分析导致瘫痪serve 成为（某个身份）（serve as）steward 保护者classic 典型的initiative先行措施fashion 形成，塑造power planet 发电厂sound 完好的，健康的，无损伤的be enviromentally sound 有益环境TEXT 3 梦可以被控制component （n.）组成部分，成分，部件；（adj.）组成的，合成的random 随机的byproduct 副产品formulate 创立neurologist 神经学家susceptible 易受影响的a leading authority 有影响力的权威人士bring...under conscious control 将...置于意识控制下cortex 皮层，皮质progress toward 朝向...发展exercise 使关注，使致力于terrorism 恐怖主义persistent 持续不断的therapist 临床医学家，治疗专家thermostat 自动调温器suspend 暂停——suspension 悬浮disguise 伪装，假扮——distinguish 区分，辨别harness 控制，利用innermost 内心深处的regulate 约束，控制，调节limbic 边缘的，脑边缘系统的prefrontal 额前叶部的clinic 诊所work through 克服visualize 使形象化，想象，构思wake up in a panic 梦中惊醒TEXT 4 越说越俗的英语figure 人物，人士，数字（public figure 公众人物）degradation 毁坏，恶化aspire to 渴望做，立志做controversialist 善辩者regrettable 惋惜的spell 导致，招致（spell the death of 导致...的消亡）capture 充分体现claim 取得，获得spontaneity 由内心所驱使的行为well regarded 受到好评的an array of 一系列chunk 大块，大段functional 实用的commend 赞扬，推崇command 命令，指挥permissive 放任的，纵容的authentic 可靠的，真实的elevated 提高的denote 表示triumph over 胜过unmistakable 确凿无疑的subtitle 字幕，副标题straight 正确的，清楚的talk proper规范的表达humble 卑微的grieve over 为...哀叹/悲伤2006年TEXT 1 美国社会同化现象homogenize 使统一，使均匀uniformity 同样，一致性democratize 使大众化deference 顺从，尊重——absence of deference 不拘礼节characteristic of ...的特征index 指标，迹象exert 发挥，施加be proficient in 精通于remote 遥远的，偏远的，关系疏远的removal 搬走，除掉，撤职pocket 一小片，少量seethe 翻腾，涌动——seething anger 涌动的怒火coordination 协调，配合disorder 疾病address 设法解决，处理discourse 谈话，交谈intimate 亲密的，私人的imitate 模仿，伪造intimidate 胁迫popular culture 大众文化bilingual 会说两种语言的intermarriage 通婚be immune to 对...免疫，不受...的影响assimilative power 同化力量division分配，分开，除法，部门divisive 引起分裂的mass media 大众传媒TEXT 2 莎士比亚故居的经济现象distinctly 清楚地，明显地distinct 不同的，清楚的distinction 差别，区分distinctive 特殊的，有特色的instinct 本能，天性，直觉extinct 熄灭的，绝种的，破灭的extinguish 熄灭，使不复存在playgoer 戏迷contend 主张，宣称，竞争content 内容，目录，满足contention 论点，主张in a row 连续live off 靠...为生penny 便士revenge 收入avenue 途径，方法，大街revenge 复仇avenge 替...报仇sandal 凉鞋share （在多人参与的活动中所占的）一份—do one’s share 做某事某人也有一份wing （建筑物）侧翼部分lounge 雅间，沙龙酒吧contribute directly to 对...有直接贡献rocket 火箭pointed 尖锐的，尖刻的，锐利的flagstone 石板drive away 赶走raise price 提价box office 售票处，票房TEXT 3 海洋物种濒临灭绝的现状outlive 比...活得长overfished 过度捕捞fishery 渔场long-fished 长期捕捞vessel 船，舰prey 猎物saturate 使充满，使充斥——be saturate with 充满，处于饱和状态catch-size 捕获量baseline 基础，七点，基线yield 产量，产出predator 食肉动物halve 减半matter 当前的情况sonar 声呐trap 设圈套crop 收成，收获take...into account 将...考虑在内TEXT 4 悲情艺术的醒世功能mean （v.）表示...的意思，打算，有...的目的meant 原本打算的，本应的；表示...的意思，本意是；打算，意欲meaning 意义，价值；有意义的；打算，表示...的意思meaningless 无意义的（adj.）吝啬的，小气的，刻薄，要发狂的meaner 吝啬鬼meanest 刻薄meanly 拙劣（n.）中间，中庸，平均数worshipper 信徒onward 从（某时）一直起phony 假冒的，伪造的daffodil 水仙perpetual 永恒的，义无反顾的dedicate 致力于emergence 出现depict 描绘，描画bummer 失望（或不愉快的场面）give all this 鉴于这一切beam 笑容满面，眉开眼笑have an agenda 有一个目的arthritis 关节炎easy happiness 唾手可得的幸福live with sth 接受，忍受a breath of fresh air 一缕清新的空气2007年TXET1 人的成就取决于后天培养而非先天遗传examined 查看tournament 锦标赛noteworthy 值得注意的pronounced 显著的，很明显的confer 商讨；交换意见hysteria 歇斯底里believe strongly 坚信intuitive 直觉的exhibit 表现coupled with 加上marry with 与...相结合quirk （偶发的）怪现象feed 供给，输送astrological 占星的，占星术的stamina 耐力mania 狂热account for 是...的原因genetically 遗传地swamp （骤然）淹没entail 使必须，需要is more of ...than 与其说...不如说...deliberate 故意的，蓄意的；从容不迫的；深思熟虑，仔细考虑take to sth/doing sth 养成习惯，沉迷于put another way 换句话说pursuit 事业，消遣，爱好biographical 传记的startling 令人吃惊的trait 特征，个人特征overrate 对...评价过高expert performer/high achiever 表现优异者TEXE 2 智力测试不能全面体现人的智力高低和实际能力supplement 副刊column 专栏——feature a column 开设特色专栏field 处理，应付visualize 想象，设想verbal 文字的，语言的neurology 神经（病）学analogy 类似，类比，类推query 疑问elude 难倒encompass 包含，包括，涉及toil 辛苦工作，苦工——toil through 艰难跋涉populate 居住于，事物在...占有位置distribution 分布computational 使用计算机的，与...有关的practical knowledge 实用性知识negatively/posistively correlated with 与...负/正相关mental age 心理年龄chronological age 生理年龄TEXT 3 美国中产阶级家庭身处悬崖边缘；经济风险在增加count on 依赖fair play公平竞争weather 经受住，安全渡过disruption 破裂deprive 剥夺in times of financial setback 经济困难时期lay off/get laid off 解雇/被解雇odds 可能性odd 奇怪的popularize 普及parachute 降落伞，保护伞diagnosis 诊断solidly 稳固地social implication 社会意义back up 支持，证实，备份make up 弥补bear 承担deductible 保险扣除条款attendant 伴随，随之而来的eightfold 八倍的a large new dose of 大量新增的wholesale 大规模的fallout 后果，余波from...perspective 从...角度overburdened shoulder 不堪重负的肩磅TEXT 4 公司数据管理的重要性board 理事会，董事会feeble 薄弱的，脆弱的earn 招惹suite 随从，随员——executive suite 管理层It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆redundancy 冗余shareholder 股东regulator 监管者，监管机构do the rounds 为寻求政治支持而拜访compliance 服从，遵守governance 治理severity 严重性sort out 解决put right 纠正peer into 检查spies 间谍come as a surprise （to sb）让人感到吃惊overshadow 使扫兴，使大丢脸面go astray 丢失，被盗put sb on notice 警示某人elegant 优美的2008年TEXT 4 美国开国元勋们对奴隶制的复杂态度extract from 从...中取出，拔出works著作compromise 妥协，折中fragile 易碎的infancy 婴儿期hamper 妨碍，束缚founding generation 开国元勋（同founding father）carve 分割，瓜分part离开，分别，分离formula 公式，方案TEXT 1 女性更易受到压力带来的影响way 很远，大大地（way ahead 遥遥领先）ovary 卵巢stressed-out 极度焦虑的observe 说，评论domestic 家庭的，家务的struggle to 尽力做某事develop 患病，出现问题be worn out 筋疲力尽one-shot deal一次性事件chronic 长期的，慢性的interpersonal violence 人际暴力frustration 挫折，懊恼diffuse stress 缓解压力TEXT 2 科学出版新方式：在线出版subscribe 订阅peer review 同行评审decline 谢绝，婉拒restrict access to 限制...的权限far-reaching consequence 深远影响ready 易于得到的，方便使用的rest with 归属，属于seek knowledge of 想要了解handsome 数量大的make heavy 心情沉重endeavour 努力，尝试hybird 混合物archive档案，档案馆；把...存档TEXT 3 美国人身高已达到极限more than 极其，十分（与extremely相近）obscure 遮蔽secular trend 长期趋势substantial 大量的，结实的，本质，重要材料practice 实际行动；通常的做法，惯例，常规；习惯，习俗in this case of 至于notably 尤其，特别get in the way 阻碍bipedal 两足动物的constraints 限制，限定by and large 总的说，大体上补充：examine 审查，调查from the bottom ofbackrock 基石2009年TEXT1 你能成为一个拥有新习惯的人吗auto-pilot 自动驾驶rule （贬）支配，控制，操纵unflecting 缺乏思考的set sth on sth 调整好parallel 极相似的，同时发生的context 背景，环境，语境，上下文——in the sane context 在同一语境下mindlessly 无需动脑筋的，机械的herd （贬）易受他人影响的人群paradoxical 矛盾的trains of thought 一连串的想法、思路dismiss 不予考虑，摒弃，免职，解雇——dismiss as 对...不屑一提comfort zone 舒适区wear 磨出（洞），使形成，特定习惯——be worn to 被印入in ways of 以...的方式work through problems 解决问题modes of thought 思维方式come in 在...中起作用，参与press 杂志，报刊，记者，新闻工作者comply 遵从，服从，顺从deliberately 故意地bother 花费时间精力（做某事）bypass 绕过，避开kill off 使某事停止，根除derive from 源于all ...but...除...以为所有的...adolescense 青春期approach challenge 应对挑战collaborative 协作perpetuate 使持久化，使持续decisiveness 果断commonness 平庸TEXT2 基因检测及其存在的问题boost 增强，使增长boast 自夸，自吹over-the-counter 柜台的，场外的paternal 父亲的shell out 付一大笔款，还账kinship血缘关系，亲属关系rage 时尚，流行；暴怒，狂怒pass down 传下来，遗传estimate 判断reference 参考，查阅hawk 沿街叫卖，兜售chromosome 染色体的mitochondrial 线粒体的subject 受...支配，服务于TEXT3 正规教育的缺失不会限制生产力的提高priority 优先考虑的事groundless 无根据的deride 嘲笑meet standards 符合标准trap 困境substrantially 大幅度，本质上地consistendly 始终如一地downgrade 低估pre-bubble 泡沫破灭前illiterate 不识字的suspect 推测，猜想sufficient 充分的constrain限制，约束foreseeable 可预见的TEXT4 新英格兰的早期文化生活intellectual 知识分子，智力的pursuit 兴趣，爱好preoccupation 使人全神贯注的事物unfold 逐渐展现，表露attach importance to/place importance on 重视distinctive 独特的virtuosity技艺in keeping with 与...保持一致reach 引起...的注意craftsman工匠dependent 仆人，侍从susperstitious迷信的sermon 说教literary composition 书面作品commitment 献身，投入confront 遇到，面临religious commitment 宗教信仰endeavor 努力，尽力approach 方式，方法——take the approach to 以某种方式处理/看待theological 神学的civillity文明礼仪in the pursuit of 追求earnestness 渴望求知sign 迹象，征兆magical 神奇的let alone 更不用说settle one’s fate 决定命运clergymen 牧师illusory 虚幻的main end 主要目的2010年TEXT1 报纸评论艺术的衰落quarter-century 25年inexorable 不可阻挡的，无法改变的learned 博学的，学问精深的circulation 发行dirt-cheap廉价如土about 从事于，忙于be taken for granted 被视作理想当然的keep/hold one’s end up 在困难面前坚持下去，表现好calling 天职，使命感cricket 板球运动foremost 最好的，一流的save 除了revive 复苏mournful 悲哀的have little /no ues for sth 厌恶，不怎么喜欢做某事far-reaching 影响深远coverage 新闻报道marvel 感到惊奇，大为赞赏deem 认为，视为to the point of 达到...的程度in detail and at length 十分详尽be tempted to 不禁a term of contempt 轻蔑的称呼knight 封（某人）为爵士a vast body of 大量的postmodern 后现代的TEXT2 商业方法专利受到潜在法律威胁appear 看起来，似乎，好像authorize 批准，许可ever since 自从comply with 遵从，服从curb 起约束或控制作用的事物about-face 政策或态度的180°转变pool 集中ruling 裁决，判决filing 卷宗established 地位稳固的（established companies 老牌公司emerging companies 新兴公司）stake out exclusive rights to sth 宣布对...的独占权goodwill 善意hedge 树篱，防止损失的手段（n.）；拐弯抹角，限制，包围（v.）in the wake of 随某事物之后到来dismiss 驳回scale sth back 缩小a big deal 非常重要或严重的事a class of 一类dramatic 引人注目的issue 发给，供给race to do sth 争相hear a case 审理案件signal 表达，显示uphold 维持looming 潜在的，逼近的TEXT3 社会流行潮的传播epidemic （社会观念等的）泛滥——social epidemic 社会流行潮compelling 令人信服的a tiny minority 极少数supposed 误以为的，误信的，所谓的well connected 人脉极广informed 见识广博的plausible 有道理的embrace 乐意采纳cursory 粗略的，仓促的outsize 特大的propagate 传播，宣传stem from 基于interact with 与人交往，互动build on 以...为基础precisely 准确地，恰好地，精确地select 精选的，优等的anecdotal 轶事的presence 存在感，影响力cascade 瀑布，大量倾泻的东西in turn 反过来，依次simulation 模拟，仿真dynamic 动态，动力学TEXT4 会计准则制定者被迁怒a third party 第三方blame sb for sth 因为某事责备某人capital markets 资本市场compromise 使陷入危险toxic 有毒evade 躲避，逃避，规避for fear of 害怕overstate 高估，夸大（exaggerate 夸大；magnity 放大，扩大）fetch 售得，卖得lobby 游说carry 销售，出售——carry...at price 以...价格出售cry out against 强烈反对act one’s own 自作主张，独自决定invite 招致（尤指坏事）clean up 清理，整顿buy up 全部买进give in to 屈服，让步2011年TEXT4 提倡理性的育儿幸福观fullfill 让人感觉有意义的，令人满足的dampen 使扫兴，使沮丧child rearing 育儿anything less than 绝不是provocative 激励，煽动redefine 重新定义past-tense 过去式gratification 满足，满意practically 几乎，差不多，实际地gape 张开，裂开parenthood 做父母的身份lean on 依赖，依靠a piece of cake 小菜一碟dumb 愚钝glamorous 富有魅力的，诱人的subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的in the same way 同样newsstand 报摊mom-to-be 准妈妈persistently 持续不断地celebrate 颂扬Procreation生育round-the-clock 日夜不停，夜以继日。
2005考研英语真题详解
2005考研英语真题详解2005考研英语真题详解2005年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考过程中经常研究的一份试卷。
本文将对这份试卷进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握英语考试的要点和技巧。
第一部分：阅读理解这部分共有三篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。
文章内容涉及科技、文化、教育等多个领域，考察考生的阅读理解能力和对不同主题的理解。
第一篇文章是关于科技创新的。
文章介绍了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的一项研究，该研究旨在探索科技创新对经济增长的影响。
问题主要围绕研究的目的、方法和结果展开，考生需要仔细阅读文章并理解其中的关键信息。
第二篇文章是关于文化差异的。
文章讲述了一个跨文化交流的案例，强调了文化差异对沟通和合作的影响。
问题主要涉及案例中的挑战和解决方案，考生需要通过阅读理解文章中的细节和逻辑关系，找到正确的答案。
第三篇文章是关于教育改革的。
文章讨论了英国高等教育体系的变革，并对其影响进行了分析。
问题主要针对变革的原因、目标和影响进行提问，考生需要通过阅读文章理解作者的观点和论证。
第二部分：完形填空这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有10个空格需要填写正确的单词。
文章内容涵盖了社会问题、人际关系等多个方面，考察考生的词汇理解和语境推测能力。
第一篇短文是关于社会责任的。
短文描述了一个社会活动家的经历，强调了每个人都应该承担起社会责任。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第二篇短文是关于人际关系的。
短文讲述了一个人在工作中遇到的困难和挑战，以及他通过与同事合作解决问题的经验。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有5个问题。
文章内容涵盖了科技、环境、教育等多个领域，考察考生的理解和概括能力。
第一篇短文是关于科技创新的。
短文介绍了一项新的科技创新，强调了其对环境和能源的积极影响。
2005考研英语一真题答案解析
2005年考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, （1）this is largely because, （2）animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are （3）to perceiving those smells which float through the air, （4）the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, （5）, we are extremely sensitive to smells, （6）we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of （7）human smells even when these are （8）to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, （9）others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate （10）smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send （11）to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certainsmell （12）can suddenly become sensitive to it when （13）to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it （14）to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can （15）new receptors if necessary. This may （16）explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not （17）of the usual smell of our own house, but we （18）new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors （19）for unfamiliar and emergency signals （20）the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while2.[A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides3.[A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside fromPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlyingassumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept theslice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey”(Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes int0 the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens int0 a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”-- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under consciouscontrol, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop int0 happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor dothey aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,”for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties ofhuman language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”[B] “radical”is to “conservative”[C] “functional”is to “artistic”[D] “humble”is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit int0 each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to forkover additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”-- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
2005年英语一真题翻译
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译SectionⅠUseofEnglish人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具。
常常被认为人的嗅觉不如动物灵敏，然而这主要是因为我们是直立的，和动物不同。
这就意味着我们的鼻子只限于感知在空气中飘过的气味，而无法察觉大部分粘附在物体表面的气味。
然而，实际上，我们对气味非常敏感，即使我们通常意识不到这一点。
即使把人类的气味稀释到不及原来的百万分之一，我们的鼻子仍然可以察觉到。
奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻出一种花的味道，却闻不出另一种，有些人则对两种花都很敏感。
这可能是因为有些人缺少一种基因，这种基因能够在鼻子里产生某种特定的气味接收器。
这些接收器是一些可以感知气味并向大脑发送信息的细胞。
但也发现即使有些人开始对某种气味不敏感，经常接触后，也会突然变得敏感起来。
对气味不敏感的原因可能是：大脑发现，让所有的气味接收器始终工作效率太低，但是，在需要时大脑仍可以产生新的接收器，这也可以解释为为什么我们总是对自己的气味不敏感——不过是不需要而已。
我们察觉不到自己家里惯有的气味，但是当我们拜访其他人的家时，就会注意到不熟悉的气味。
大脑发现最好的方法就是利用气味接收器来接收不熟悉的或紧急的信号。
例如烟的气味，这种气味可能预示着火灾的危险。
SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText1人人都喜欢丰厚的加薪。
然而，当你得知一位同事的加薪比你还要高时，你的快乐可能会烟消云散。
的确，如果他还有偷懒的名声，你甚至可能会愤怒了。
这种行为被认为是“人之常情”。
其潜在的意思也就是，其它的动物不会拥有如此微妙的不平之感。
然而《自然》杂志新近发表的一篇由佐治亚洲亚特兰大Emory 大学的SarahBrosnan和FransdeWaal博士的调查则表明“愤愤不平”也是“猴之常情”。
研究人员研究雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为。
它们长得可爱，性情温和，懂得合作并且喜欢分享它们的食物。
2005年考研英语真题Text1解析
因此，当一只猴子用一个代币换回一个葡萄的时候，
第二只猴子就不愿意自己的代币只换回一片黄瓜。
hand
in exchange for
reluctant
hand over
Everybody loves a fat pay rise.
每个人都喜欢大幅加薪。
Yet pleasure at your own can vanish
if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失得无影无踪了，
看做考虑关于有关不管不顾不注意的太潜在的在下面的基本的假定设想推测假定设想假装有能力的有本领的容量能力能量细微的仔细的不满不平委屈悲伤悲痛使悲伤使伤心butastudy但是一项研究表明publishpublicpublication出版发布发行公共的公开的公众出版发行发布bysarahbrosnanandfransdewaalofemoryuniversityinatlantageorgiawhichhasjustbeenpublishedinnaturesuggeststhatitalltoomonkeyaswell
最重要的是，他们像女人们一样，
往往比雄性更注意“物品与服务”的价值。
above all
counterpart
count
counter
attention
goods and services
最重要，首先
对应的人或物，副本
计算，看做，认为
柜台，计算器，相反的
2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，)拿②assumpuon被定语从句和同位语从句两个从句修饰。
可以将较短的定语从句译为“的”字结构的定语；较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法，单独成句，也可以放在中心词前面，用复指代词“这个，这一”来连接。
3．词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多，且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构，如：“拿出(接受，形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受；爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成，接受”，确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏，但只要能知道它和error同源，就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说：因为我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说，而且揭示了这一假设的谬误所在。
(1．5分))wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是，还是，依然”等，构成呼应，使行文更流畅。
2005考研英语一真题答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose thebest word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans areoften thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, this is largely because, animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are to perceiving those smells which float through the air, the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, , we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of human smells even when these are to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smellone type of flower but not another, others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be becausesome people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sensesmells and send to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitiveto a certain smell can suddenly become sensitive to it when to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seemsto be that the brain finds it to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can new receptors if necessary. This may explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simplydo not need to be. We are not of the usual smell of our own house, but we new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best tokeep smell receptors for unfamiliar and emergency signals the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A]although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A]above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A]limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A]catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A]anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A]even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A]distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A]diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A]when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A]unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A]signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A]at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A]subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A]ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A]introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A]still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A]sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A]tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A]available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A]similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answerthe questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure atyour own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviouris regarded as “all too human,”with the underlying assumption that other animalswould not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study bySarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which hasjust been published in Nature, suggeststhat it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of femalebrown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”thanmales.Such characteristics make them perfect candidatesfor Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teachingtheir monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enoughto exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys wereplaced in separate but adjoining chambers, so that eachcould observe what the otherwas getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchangefor her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, orrefused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape inthe other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentmentin a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative,group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animalfeels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, arenot the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes thesefeelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such asense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether itstemsfrom the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question.21. Inthe opening paragraph, the author introduces histopic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. Thestatement “it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l) implies that________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealousof eachother[D] no animals other than monkeys can developsuchemotions23. Femalecapuchin monkeys were chosen for theresearch most probably because they are________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr.Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found intheir study that the monkeys________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop socialemotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertainsource.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openlyas humansdo.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stableonly inthe wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientistsargued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t knowfor sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismokinglobby was out to destroy ourway of life and the government should stay out of theway? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 millionsmokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientistsin one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the WhiteHouse, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that theproblem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protectourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, addedthis key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all theanswers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on thebest judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of presentactions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from manyquarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’sOK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerousgame: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With therisks obvious andgrowing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to payattention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’ttake global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to pressfor more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research aloneis inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congressshould help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic SenatorRobert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants tomeet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucialthat those new plants be environmentally sound.26. Anargument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of thecorrelationbetween smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokersin the pastdecades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose theirown way oflife[D] antismoking people were usually talkingnonsense27. Accordingto Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. Whatdoes the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. Accordingto the author, what should theAdministration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. Theauthor associates the issue of global warming withthat of smoking because________.[A] they both suffered from the government’snegligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicableto the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates theformer[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a worldwhere logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulatedhis revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconsciousdesires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of themas just “mental noise”-- the randombyproducts of the neural-repair work that goeson during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotionalthermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”And one leading authoritysays that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actuallybrought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’sMedical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vividdreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brainare equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relativelyquiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay withus all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows upamong the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more baddreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during theday. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t alwaysthink about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, itappears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize howyou would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enoughto control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do itin their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably littlereason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties andgeneral feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those sufferingfrom persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream-- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchershave come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. Byreferring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. Thenegative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwrightseems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to theridding of baddreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring themundercontrol[C] dreams should be left to their naturalprogression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong totheunconscious35. Whatadvice might Cartwright give to those whosometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whetherin speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nordo they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation ofLanguage and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguistand controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees thegradual disappearance of “whom,”for example, to be natural and no moreregrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry andmusic. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pento paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has soughtto capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oraland written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity overcraft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examplesfrom both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like,care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there existsno language or dialect inthe world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is notarguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talkproper.Russians have a deep love for their own languageand carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicianstend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposesno radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of somethingbeautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead ofchina.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. Accordingto McWhorter, the decline of formal English________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudesin the1960s37. Theword “talking”(Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. Towhich of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily relatedto the waywe talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive thanstandardEnglish.[C] Non-standard varieties of human languageare justas entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard Englishcan best conveycomplex ideas.39. Thedescription of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. Accordingto the last paragraph, “paper plates”is to“china”as ________.[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”[B] “radical”is to “conservative”[C] “functional”is to “artistic”[D] “humble”is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentenceshave been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annualmeeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and theKirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts-- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each provincehaving its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargainingpower, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”organizationwould be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Insteadof having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiatea price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiateon behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven millionpeople, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basiceconomics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihoodof a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction ofa national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for HealthTechnology Assessment, funded by Ottawaand the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial listswhich new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincialdeal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawato fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s onereason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keeprising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what hehad to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influenceon pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble theirusual complaint list, they should also get cracking aboutsomething in their jurisdictionthat would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency isprovincialistideology. One of the first advocates for anational list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s DrugInsurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket withannual increases from 14.3 percent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report:“the substantialbuying power of such an agency would strengthen thepublicprescription-drug insurance plans to negotiatethe lowest possible purchaseprices from drugcompanies.”[C] What does “national”mean? RoyRomanow andSenator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body muchlike the recently created NationalHealth Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark:health-care costshave been, are, and will continue to increase fasterthangovernment revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute forHealthInformation, prescription drug costs have risen since1997 at twice the rateof overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes from drugs being usedtoreplace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises fromnew drugs costing morethan older kinds. Part of it ishigher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-careshow,they should prove they can run it, starting with aninterprovincial healthlist that would end duplication,save administrative costs, prevent one provincefrombeing played off against another, and bargain for betterdrug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companieswill scream.They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way.They canuse the threat of removing jobs from oneprovince to another. They can hope that,if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause othersto includeit on theirs. They wouldn’t like a nationalagency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully andthen translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the massmedia in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History andnews become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism andoptimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings arecreated and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much toconnect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe thatis now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and nationalidentities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-mediagroups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring togethertelevision, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work inrelation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group,while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible televisioncompanies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easyworld to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out ofeighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European communitywill oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both productionand distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”thatrespects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connectingfabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programsrelate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we mustconcentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services andtraining. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creationof a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of theEuropean Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration tosay “United we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a sloganit would be “Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respectthe varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor forthe magazine Designs & Fashions. Butnow you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write aletter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of theletter; use “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address. (10points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words basedon the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2005年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English(10 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
2005年考研英语翻译真题解析
2005(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
(47)In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.评析：这句话最难的地方在于几个小词的处理，我们翻译的标准不用做到信达雅，但是起码要像人话，如果翻完自己都觉得很不通顺，坚决不可将就，句子有不熟悉的词不可以把英语抄在译文中，那样老师会理直气壮地扣分。
我们要尽量结合上下文，把句子做到通顺。
难点：television，radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses是并列关系，要翻成“电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社”，因为最后一个词是出版社，其他的几个虽然是媒体，但是和后面的出版社成并列关系，所以必须翻译成机构。
重点：并列关系。
并列各项1.词类相同2.作者态度相同3.语法结构相同4.意思接近。
全句翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作。
2005年英语一考研真题
2005年英语一考研真题2005年英语一考研真题回顾2005年，对于即将参加考研的学子们来说，是一个重要的年份。
那一年的英语一考研真题备受关注，成为考生备考的重要参考资料。
在这篇文章中，我们将回顾2005年英语一考研真题，并探讨其对考生备考的意义。
首先，我们来看看2005年英语一考研真题的整体结构。
这份真题由阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分组成，涵盖了英语的各个方面。
这种多样化的题型设置，旨在考察考生的综合英语能力。
考生需要在有限的时间内，迅速理解文章的主旨，把握文章的细节，并通过填空和翻译等题型，准确地表达自己的理解。
接下来，我们来分析一下2005年英语一考研真题的难度。
整体而言，这份真题的难度适中。
阅读理解部分的文章内容涉及了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，题目难度较大，需要考生有一定的阅读理解能力。
而完形填空部分则更注重考察考生的语法和词汇运用能力。
翻译部分则要求考生具备较高的英汉互译能力。
总体来说，2005年英语一考研真题的难度与往年相比相对较高。
那么，2005年英语一考研真题对考生备考有何意义呢？首先，通过回顾这份真题，考生可以了解到考研英语的考察范围和难度。
这有助于考生有针对性地进行备考，将有限的时间和精力投入到最需要突破的部分。
其次，考生可以通过分析这份真题，了解到解题技巧和策略。
例如，在阅读理解部分，考生可以学习如何快速定位关键信息，提高阅读速度和准确性。
在完形填空部分，考生可以学习如何通过上下文推测词义，提高语法和词汇运用的能力。
最后，通过翻译部分的练习，考生可以提高自己的翻译水平，培养跨文化交流的能力。
除了对考生备考有意义外，2005年英语一考研真题也反映了当年的社会背景和时代特点。
那一年，中国正处于快速发展的阶段，社会经济发展迅猛，科技进步日新月异。
这些变化也体现在了考研英语的内容中。
通过阅读理解部分的文章，考生可以了解到当时社会的热点问题和科技的最新发展。
这有助于考生拓宽视野，了解社会变化对英语学习的影响。
2005考研英语一真题2005历年考研英语一真题及答案详解考研英语一真题官方最全
2016 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child littleto say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and gro om’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circleof happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: the divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decided on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] since [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D] avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C]shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warns [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)T ext 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―i nci t e excessive thinnes s‖ by promoting ext r em e dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ul t ra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep –and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and sixmonths in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: ―We are aware of and take responsibility for the im pact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young peopl e.‖ The char t er’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionW eek(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be thebest step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] W ebsites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase ―impinging on‖(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for .[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about model’s character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryT ext 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. W hile polls show B r i t ons rate ―t he countrysi de‖alongside the royal f a m ily, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save ―t he beauty of natural places for everyone forever‖.I t was specifically to provide ci t y dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience ―a refreshing air‖.H ill’s pr essur e later led to the creat ion of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any m or e, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising ―o f f-pl an‖building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protec t Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that ―h ousing crisi s‖ equals ―c oncreted meadow s‖ is pure lobby talk. The issue i s not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. W e do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, B r i t ai n is Europe’s m ost crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative –the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _.[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family [D]is not well reflected in politics27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being .[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon ―off-plan‖building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence. [D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’sPreference .[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis [D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of .[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of busines s,‖ wrote Mi l t on Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist. ―That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit s.‖ B ut even if you accept F r i edman's premise and regard corporate soc i al responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate last year by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a ―s i gnal‖that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the go od causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse ―ha lo ef f ect‖,whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent paper attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCP A). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the authors conclude that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do se em to be influenced by a company's record in C S R.―We estimate that ei t her eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign official s,‖ says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do -gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with _.[A ] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_ .[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression ―more lenient‖(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a compa n y’s CSR record .[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A ] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.T ext 4There will eventually come a day when The New Y ork Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though printad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.* "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at The New Y ork Times? "I wouldn’t pick a year to end print," he said. "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it as a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to .[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should _.[A] seek new sources of readership[B] end the print edition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a ―l eg acy product‖.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world _.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Y our Hand[C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Y our Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections：Read the following texts and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right [D]Understand the context[E] W ork with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between t oda y’s workplace and the ―d ress for succes s‖ era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to inves t in an upgrade?And what’s the bes t way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41.A s an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during t r ans i t i ons—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’r e in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and pr of es sional s.Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and t hat’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’r e hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more―S o H o.‖(I t’s OK to use characterizations like t hat.)43.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of yourenvironment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J·Crew·Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. I t’s not asexpensive as you might think.45.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fuss ing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. I t is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health a nd we don’t know how to gai n ac cess to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our ment al health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. I t’s a form of innate or un learned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. W e think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e ―L i Mi ng‖ i nst ead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part A52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.Y ou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年考研英语一真题参考答案Use of English1. [C] as well as2. [D] decided on3. [C] arrange4. [B] In theory5. [C] After6. [A] into7. [B] but8. [C] recite9. [D] tying10. [A] passing11. [D] union12. [D] live13. [B] until14. [A] obtain15. [C] viewed16. [A] whatever17. [B] brought18. [D] divided19. [C] shows20. [B] whileReading ComprehensionPart AT ext 121. [B] Physical beauty would be redefined.22. [D] doing harm to23. [A] New standards are being set in Denmark.24. [C] showing little concern for health factors25. [A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsT ext 226. [D] is not well reflected in politics27. [A] gradually destroyed28. [D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. [D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. [D] the town-and-country planning in BritainT ext 331. [B] skepticism32. [A] winning trust from consumers33. [C] less severe34. [A] has an impact on their decision35. [B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.T ext 436. [A] the high cost of operation37. [D] make strategic adjustments38. [B] is meant for the most loyal customers39. [C] aggressiveness better meets challenges40. [C] Make Y our Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodPart B41. [C] Decide if the time is right42. [G] Know your goals43. [D] Understand the context44. [E] W ork with professionals45. [F] Make it efficientPart C46. 我们并不必学习如何保持心理健康；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口和修复骨折一样。
考研英语一2005真题
考研英语一2005真题2005年的考研英语一真题是一份经典的试卷，它涵盖了阅读理解、完形填空、翻译等多个题型，考察了考生的语言理解能力和翻译能力。
本文将从不同题型入手，深入分析这份试卷的特点和考察重点。
首先，我们来看看阅读理解部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对文章主旨、细节理解、推理判断等方面的能力。
2005年的考研英语一阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别涉及科学、文化和社会等不同领域的内容。
其中，第一篇文章是一篇关于生物学研究的科学论文，要求考生理解论文的主要内容和作者的观点。
第二篇文章是一篇关于西方文化的介绍，要求考生理解文化差异和文化交流的重要性。
第三篇文章是一篇关于社会问题的报告，要求考生理解社会问题的背景和解决方法。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备对不同领域的文章进行理解和分析的能力。
接下来是完形填空部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对词汇、语法和篇章结构的理解。
2005年的考研英语一完形填空部分是一篇关于音乐的文章，通过填空题目，考生需要根据上下文的语境和常识推断出正确的答案。
此外，这部分题目还考察了考生对固定搭配和习惯用语的掌握程度。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备较强的词汇量和语法知识，并能够将这些知识应用到实际的语境中。
最后是翻译部分。
这部分题目主要考察考生对中英文之间的语言转换能力。
2005年的考研英语一翻译部分共有两道题目，一道是中译英，一道是英译中。
中译英的题目是一篇关于中国古代文化的文章，要求考生将中文的内容准确地转换成英文。
英译中的题目是一段英文对话，要求考生将英文的对话准确地转换成中文。
通过这些题目，考生需要具备对不同语言之间的语法、词汇和文化差异的理解和掌握。
综上所述，2005年的考研英语一真题全面考察了考生的语言理解能力和翻译能力。
通过阅读理解、完形填空和翻译等不同题型，考生需要具备对不同领域文章的理解和分析能力，以及对语法、词汇和篇章结构的掌握。
这份试卷的特点在于涵盖了多个题型，考察了考生的综合能力。
2005年考研英语真题答案及解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
文章首段指提出说明的中心。
第二段对人们对某些气味的敏感程度的差异原因进行了分析，并指出这种不敏感是可以改变的。
第三段进一步解释了人类对气味不敏感的原因。
二、试题解析1.[A]although虽然，表让步[B]as因为，表因果[C]but但是，表转折[D]while虽然，表让步【答案】C【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.183【解析】从选项内容和文章中句子结构可以判断空要求填入一个表示前后两个句子逻辑关系的连词，空前的句子谈到“和动物相比，人类经常被认为是不敏感的”，空后谈到这主要是由于我们是直立行走的（动物）。
显然后句是说明人类不敏感的原因，既然人类不敏感是有原因的，那么反过来表达的就是人类应该是敏感的，前句谈到不敏感，后句反馈的是敏感，含义对立，只能填入转折连词，故答案为C。
2.[A]above在上面[B]unlike不像……[C]excluding不包括[D]beside除……之外【答案】B【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.874【解析】这里在谈到人是直立的动物之前，出现了一个动物，显然是和人类进行对比，能表示这一含义的只有B。
3.[A]limited(to)局限于[B]committed(to)献身于[C]dedicated(to)致力于，献身于[D]confined(to)局限于【答案】A【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.395【解析】空所在的句子开头用“this means…”，显然这是对上面一句的继续解释，句子说“我们的鼻子感受到那些浮在空气中的气味，大部分气味依附于地面。
”前文已经谈到由于人类的直立而使得人类不如动物敏感，那么直立自然应该能感受到浮在空气中的气味，而感受不到依附于地面的气味，这样人类的嗅觉就是有局限的，因此前面的一个空填入的词应该表示局限于空气中的气味，后面一空填的应该表示没有能感觉到依附于地面的气味，符合这一语义的第一空为limited，后一空为missing，故本题答案为A，下一空答案为C。
2005年考研英语一真题答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。
”Section Ⅲ Writing (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours Sincerely,Li Ming Part B (20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four children’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or thedisadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C空格前讲的是，和动物相比，人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏，空格后讲的是，…这主要是因为，…动物，我们是直立的。
2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，。
(他)拿定语；较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法，单独成句，也可以放在中心词前面，用复指代词“这个，这一”来连接。
3．词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多，且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构，如：“拿出(接受，形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受；爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成，接受”，确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏，但只要能知道它和error同源，就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说：因为我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说，分)(0wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是，还是，依然”等，构成呼应，使行文更流畅。
3．词义确定(1)根据所考句所在段的中心观点“行为是思想的体现，我们无法思此行彼”可知，achieve强调的是“行动”而非“结果”，所以，将其译为“完成”比“获得、实现”更准确。
2005考研英语一阅读翻译
2005考研英语一阅读翻译在2005年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分的翻译题目要求考生将一段英文材料翻译成中文。
该题目旨在考察考生对英文原文的理解能力以及将英文信息准确、流畅地转换为中文的能力。
考生在翻译过程中需要特别注意词汇的准确使用、语法结构的正确性以及整体语境的把握。
首先，考生需要仔细阅读英文原文，理解其主旨大意。
在翻译过程中，考生应避免逐字逐句的直译，而应注重整体意义的传达。
这要求考生具备较高的语言理解能力和表达能力，能够灵活运用各种翻译技巧，如增译、减译、词义转换等，以确保译文的准确性和通顺性。
其次，考生在翻译时应注意保持原文的风格和语气。
这意味着在翻译过程中，考生不仅要传达原文的信息，还要尽量模仿原文的表达方式，使译文在风格上与原文保持一致。
这需要考生具备一定的语言敏感性和审美能力，能够准确捕捉原文的细微差别，并在译文中恰当地表现出来。
此外，考生在翻译时还应注意避免出现语法错误和用词不当。
这要求考生具备扎实的英语语法知识和丰富的词汇量。
在翻译过程中，考生应仔细检查译文的语法结构，确保其正确无误。
同时，考生还应根据上下文的语境，选择最合适的词汇来表达原文的意思，避免使用生硬或不准确的词汇。
最后，考生在完成翻译后，应进行仔细的校对和修改。
这包括检查译文的语法、用词、标点等方面，确保译文的准确性和完整性。
在这个过程中，考生可以借助词典、语法书籍等工具书，以提高译文的质量。
总之，2005年考研英语一的阅读翻译题目要求考生具备较高的语言理解和表达能力，能够准确、流畅地将英文信息转换为中文。
考生在翻译过程中应注意理解原文的主旨大意，保持原文的风格和语气，避免语法错误和用词不当，并在完成后进行仔细的校对和修改。
通过这些步骤，考生可以提高翻译的准确性和质量，从而在考试中取得优异的成绩。
2005年英语一考研真题
2005年英语一考研真题2005年的英语一考研真题是考察考生在英语阅读和写作方面的能力。
以下是对真题内容的分析和解答。
阅读理解第一篇阅读理解文章是关于谚语和俚语的，考察考生对于英语语言的了解和运用能力。
文章介绍了谚语和俚语的定义和功能，并列举了一些常见的例子。
谚语和俚语是一门语言的精华，它们能够简洁而生动地传达出丰富的意义和情感。
掌握了谚语和俚语，我们就能更好地理解和运用英语，增强自己的语言表达能力。
第二篇阅读理解文章是关于马克思主义哲学的，考察对于哲学思想和理论的理解和应用能力。
文章介绍了马克思主义哲学的起源和基本原理，阐述了唯物辩证法和历史唯物主义等重要概念。
马克思主义哲学是一种科学的思想武器，它帮助我们理解社会现象和人类历史的发展规律。
掌握了马克思主义哲学，我们就能更好地分析和解决社会问题，提高自己的思维能力和创新意识。
写作写作部分要求考生根据给出的提示，针对一个话题进行写作。
在这个题目中，我们以“环境保护”为例进行讨论。
环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一。
人类的经济发展和生活方式带来了环境问题的同时，也给我们敲响了警钟。
怎样保护环境、改善生态环境已经成为全人类的共同责任。
以下是一些建议和观点供参考。
首先，政府应该出台更加严格的环境保护法律和政策。
在立法和执法方面加大力度，对环境犯罪行为进行打击和处罚。
同时，加强环境监测和治理，确保环境质量的改善。
其次，公众的环保意识需得到进一步的提高。
通过教育宣传和媒体的力量，增强人们的环境保护意识，培养人们爱护环境的习惯和行为。
此外，倡导绿色消费和可持续发展的生活方式，降低对环境的影响。
第三，加强技术创新和产业转型，推动绿色发展。
发展清洁能源和循环经济，减少污染物的排放和资源的浪费。
推动可持续发展的产业和经济模式，实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。
最后，国际合作和共同努力是解决环境问题的关键。
全球变暖、气候变化等环境挑战需要各国共同应对。
加强国际合作，分享环保经验和技术，制定共同的环境保护目标和行动计划。
2005—2011考研英语一真题翻译解析及复习思路
第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自TomButler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(FiftySelf-helpClassics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(JamesAllen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，。
(他)拿定语；较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法，单独成句，也可以放在中心词前面，用复指代词“这个，这一”来连接。
3．词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多，且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构，如：“拿出(接受，形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受；爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成，接受”，确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏，但只要能知道它和error同源，就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1我们都认同这样的假说：因为我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说，分)(0wearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion...时需要增译“但是，还是，依然”等，构成呼应，使行文更流畅。
3．词义确定(1)根据所考句所在段的中心观点“行为是思想的体现，我们无法思此行彼”可知，achieve强调的是“行动”而非“结果”，所以，将其译为“完成”比“获得、实现”更准确。
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第四部分阅读理解C部分历年试题解析1．(2011年)意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境一．文章结构分析本文节选自Tom Butler-Bowdon所着励志读物《自助经典50篇》(Fifty Self-help Classics)中的第一章：詹姆斯·爱伦(James Allen)。
作者对爱伦的《思考的人》一书予以评论，对书中的观点进行解释和提炼。
本文哲理丰富，具有一定的警示和启迪作用，但语言较为抽象。
主要考查的知识点包括：各类从句，并列结构、被动语态、以及根据上下文选择词义。
第一段：提出爱伦《思考的人》一书的主旨观点：意识创造了我们内在性格和外部环境。
第二、三段介绍爱伦关于“意识和行为”的观点。
从人们普遍认同的观点“意识独立于物质存在，我们可以隐思想，使之失去力量，因此我们能够思行不一”引出爱伦相反的观点“意识和物质统一，人无法隐藏思想，也无法思此行彼，行为是全部思想的体现；成就是思想提升的外部表现”。
第四、五段介绍爱伦关于“意识与环境”的观点：不是环境造就人，而是意识决定人所处的环境，环境是意识的体现。
第六段段总结指出《思考的人》的积极意义：使人们意识到，现状只能归因于自己，对未来的掌控同样只能靠自己。
二．试题具体分析(1)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption/ /we all share/ /——that because we are(1)0. 5分(2)0.5分not robots we therefore control our thoughts——/ /and reveal its erroneous nature.(3)0.5分(4)0.5分本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、并列结构、根据上下文确定词义。
[解题步骤]1．句法分析主句: Allen's contribution was to take an assumption…and reveal its erroneous nature (主语) (系动词) (表语：不定式短语交列结构)定语从句:(an assumption that)we all share同位语从句: (an assumption)——that because we are not robots we therefore control our(原因状语从句) (主句)thoughts——2．句子注释①汉语表达中习惯动作前面为行为主体，所以应通过增译将本句译为“爱伦的贡献在于，(他)拿出……”。
②assumpuon被定语从句和同位语从句两个从句修饰。
可以将较短的定语从句译为“的”字结构的定语；较长的同位语从句可以采用拆译法，单独成句，也可以放在中心词前面，用复指代词“这个，这一”来连接。
3．词义确定(1)take一词词义繁多，且都易于和名词搭配为动宾结构，如：“拿出(接受，形成)一个……假设”的表达都成立。
因此应根据后文对此假设性质的说明“大家普遍接受；爱伦证实为伪”排除“形成，接受”，确定译为“拿出”。
(2)erroneous一词考生可能感觉有些生疏，但只要能知道它和error同源，就不难推断出其含义为“错误的”。
4．全句调整，得出译文爱伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并不是机器人，所以能控制自己思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。
[考生实例]例1 我们都认同这样的假说：因为我们不是机器人，所以能控制自己的思想。
爱伦的贡献在于他提出这一假设并揭示其错误本质。
(2分)例2 爱伦的贡献在于他拿出“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己思想”这一我们都分享的假说，而且揭示了这一假设的谬误所在。
(1．5分)例3 爱伦的贡献被拿来当一种公认的假说——因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能够控制自己的思想——这就是自然。
(1分)例4 爱伦对“我们不是机器人，所以能够控制自己的思想”的看法作出贡献是很自然的(0．5分)例5 爱伦，我们同分享，因为我们不是罗伯特，我们控制自己的想法，爱伦的本质就在于此。
(0分)(2)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of comrol/ /through the conscious mind(1)0. 5分(2)0. 55分alone,/ /in reality we are continually faced with a question:/ /"Why cannot I make myself do this(3)0. 5分(4)0. 5分or achieve that?"本题考核的知识点是：状语从句，被动语态、介词翻译。
[解题步骤]1.句法分析主句:...in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do (状语) (主语) (谓语) (宾语)this or achieve that?"让步状语从句: while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the (从句标志词)(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (方式状语) conscious mind alone，...2．句子注释①本句中the illusion of control指代上文“我们可以控制自己的思想”这一幻觉，翻译时有必要对“控制“一词加以引号，以凸显其具体含义，从而使译文明确、具体。
②因为本句存在让步状语从句“虽然，尽管……”，所以，在翻译主句we are continually faced with a question...时需要增译“但是，还是，依然”等，构成呼应，使行文更流畅。
3．词义确定(1)根据所考句所在段的中心观点“行为是思想的体现，我们无法思此行彼”可知，achieve 强调的是“行动”而非“结果”，所以，将其译为“完成”比“获得、实现”更准确。
(2)本段完全否定了“人可以隐藏思想或使思想失效(控制思想)”的观点，所以应将illusion4．全句调整，得出译文尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识来维系“控制”这种错觉，现实中我们还是不断要面对一个问题：“我为什么不能让自己做这个或完成那个?”[考生实例]例1 虽然也许我们只通过意识来保留“控制”的幻觉，但事实上我们却在不断面临同——问题：“为什么我不能令自己做这个事情或完成那个目标?”(2分)例2 尽管单凭意识就可以支持控制的幻想，但实际上我们却总是面对一个问题“为什么我不能令自己做这个或完成那个?”(1．5分)例3 尽管我们可以有意识地维持这种控制的幻觉，但现实中我们却总面临这样一个问题；“为什么我不能让自己无所不能?”(1分)例4 当我们可能通过单独控制清醒的大脑去支持幻想时，但实际上我们却面临这样的问题：“为什么我无法控制一切?”(0．5)例5 当我们可能控制外在的想法，现实中我们却有问题，为什么我自己不能解决?(0分)(3)This seems a justification 'for neglect of those in need,/ /and a rationalization of exploit-(1)0. 5分(2)0. 55分ation,/ /of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(3)1分本题考核知识点：并列结构、固定用法、介词翻译[解题步骤]1．句法分析This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and(主语) (系动词) (表语1) (介词短语做a justification的后置定语) (并列连词)a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of(表语2) (rationalization的定语) (rationalization的定语2)those at the bottom.2．句子注释(1)此句的结构并不复杂，其难点在于需要根据语境对某些词的意思进行合理引申。
基于need，top，bottom的本义，结合本句明显的话题“社会阶层”，可将those in need，those at the top，those at the bottom分别译为“贫困者”“社会上层人群”“社会底层人群”。
(2)根据汉语的表达习惯，应通过增译将a justification for neglect...译为“为忽视……(的行为)做辩护”。
(3)为了使句子更流畅，翻译中有时需要对词性进行转换。
如：名词justification和rationalizatlon需要转译成动词，译为“为……辩护”“为……找理由”。
4．全句调整，得出译文这似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护，为剥削、为社会上层人群的优越及社会底层人群的卑微找理由。
[考生实例]例丑这二观点似乎是为忽视贫困者的行为进行辩护，为剥削、为上层人群的优越和底层人群的卑微寻找理由。
(2分)例2 这似乎是对忽略他人需求的解释，对剥削、对上层人群的优越和底层人群卑微的合理化。
(1．5)例3 这一观点似乎造成忽略他人需求，同时造成上层人群的优越和底层人群的卑微。
(1分)例4 这似乎是对忽略需要帮助者行为的辩护，造成上下层的分离。
(0．5)例5 这部分恰好适用于那些需要且被忽视的人，不管在高处还是在低处。
(0分)(4)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us/ /and if we feel that we have(1)0. 5分(2)0. 5分been "wronged"/ /then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort/ /to escape from our situation.(3)0. 5分(4)0. 5分本题考核知识点：被动语态、固定短语、并列结构、状语从句、不定式结构[解题步骤]1．分法分析分句1: circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us;...(主语) (谓语：被动态) (不定式短语作目的的状语)分句2: ...if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious(条件状语从句) (主句)effort to escape from our situation.2．句子注释整个句子由and连接的两个分句构成，前后意思有转折。