英文文献

1 国内外现状及其发展

随着人们生活水平的提高和安全意识的加强，对安全的要求也就越来越高。锁自古以来就是把守护门的铁将军，人们对它要求甚高，既要安全可靠的防盗，又要使用方便，这也是制锁者长期以来研制的主题。随着电子技术的发展，各类电子产品应运而生，电子密码锁就是其中之一。据有关资料介绍，电子密码锁的研究从20世纪30年代就开始了，在一些特殊场所早就有所使用。这种锁是通过键盘输入一组密码完成开锁过程。研究这种锁的初衷，就是为提高锁的安全性。由于电子锁的密钥量（密码量）极大，可以和机械锁配合使用，并且可以避免因钥匙被仿制而留下安全隐患。电子锁只需记住一组密码，无需携带金属钥匙，免除了人们携带金属钥匙的烦恼，而被越来越多的人所欣赏。电子锁的种类繁多，例如数码锁，指纹锁，磁卡锁，IC卡锁，生物锁等。但较实用的还是按键式电子密码锁。

20世纪80年代后，随着电子锁专用集成电路的出现，电子锁的体积缩小，可靠性提高，成本较高，是适合使用在安全性要求较高的场合，且需要有电源提供能量，使用还局限在一定范围，难以普及，所以对它的研究一直没有明显进展。

目前，在西方发达国家，电子密码锁技术相对先进，种类齐全，电子密码锁已被广泛使用于智能门禁系统中，通过多种更加安全，更加可靠的技术实现大门的管理。在我国电子锁整体水平尚处于国际上70年代左右，电子密码锁的成本还很高，市场上仍以按键电子锁为主，按键式和卡片钥匙式电子锁已引进国际先进水平，现国内有几个厂生产供应市场。但国内自行研制开发的电子锁，其市场结构尚未形成，使用还不广泛。国内的不少企业也引进了世界上先进的技术，发展前景非常可观。希望通过不断的努力，使电子密码锁在我国也能得到广泛使用[1]。

目前使用的电子密码锁大部分是基于单片机技术，以单片机为主要器件，其编码器和解码器的生成为软件方式[2]。在实际使用中，由于程序容易跑飞，系统的可靠性能较差。基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列FPGA器件的电子密码锁，用FPGA器件构造系统，所有算法完全由硬件电路来实现，使得系统的工作可靠性大为提高。由于FPGA具有现场可编程功能，当设计需要更改时，只需更改FPGA中的控制和接口电路，利用EDA 工具将更新后的设计下载到FPGA中即可，无需更改外部电路的设计，大大提高了设计的效率。

电子密码锁的系统简介

通用的电子密码锁主要由三个部分组成：数字密码输入电路、密码锁控制电路和密码锁显示电路。

（1）密码锁输入电路包括时序产生电路、键盘扫描电路、键盘弹跳消除电路、键盘译码电路等几个小的功能电路。

（2）密码锁控制电路包括按键数据的缓冲存储电路，密码的清除、变更、存储、激活电锁电路（寄存器清除信号发生电路），密码核对（数值比较电路），解锁电路（开/关门锁电路）等几个小的功能电路。

（3）密码显示电路主要将显示数据的BCD码转换成相对应的编码。如，若选用七段数码管显示电路，主要将待显示数据的BCD码转换成数码器的七段显示驱动编码[4]。

1.4 系统设计要求

设计一个具有较高安全性和较低成本的通用电子密码锁，具体功能要求如下：

（1）数码输入：每按下一个数字键，就输入一个数值，并在显示器上的显示出该数值，同时将先前输入的数据依序左移一个数字位置。

（2）数码清除：按下此键可清除前面所有的输入值，清除为“0000”。

（3）密码更改：按下此键时会将目前的数字设定成新的密码。

（4）激活电锁：按下此键可将密码锁上锁。

（5）解除电锁：按下此键会检查输入的密码是否正确，密码正确即开锁。

本课题的研究目的和意义

随着人们生活水平的提高，对家庭防盗技术的要求也是越来越高，传统的机械锁由于其构造的简单，被撬的事件屡见不鲜，电子锁由于其保密性高，使用灵活性好，安全系数高，受到了广大用户的欢迎。现在市场上主要是基于单片机技术的电子密码锁，但可靠性较差。FPGA即现场可编程门阵列，它是在PAL、GAL、EPLD等可编程器件的基础上进一步发展的产物，是一种超大规模集成电路，具有对电路可重配置能力。通常FPGA都有着上万次的重写次数，也就是说现在的硬件设计和软件设计一样灵活、方便。相对于基于单片机技术的电子密码锁，用FPGA器件来构成系统，可靠性提高，并且由于FPGA具有的现场可编程功能，使得电子密码锁的更改和升级更为方便简单[3]。

通过本次设计掌握FPGA系统设计的方法，熟悉FPGA设计的相关软件，以及硬件描述语言的使用，了解电子密码锁的系统构成，利用FPGA实现电子密码锁的设计和实现，可以加深自己对所学专业的认识，关联知识，增强自己的动手能力，积累实践经验，为以后的工作打好基础。

1.the current situation at home and abroad and its development

With the improvement of people's living standard and safety consciousness strengthen, the safety requirements will be getting higher and higher. The lock is since the ancient times to protect the door locked, people high requirements on it,

both safe and reliable anti-theft, but also easy to use, this is also the lock have long development theme. With the development of electronic technology, all kinds of electronic products emerge as the times require, electronicThe cipher lock is one of them. According to the information, electronic password lock research from the nineteen thirties began, in some special places early application. The lock is on theAfter the keyboard to input a password to complete the unlocking process. Study of the lock 's original intention, is to improve the safety of the lock. Due to the electronic lock key size ( code quantity greatly, with machine )Mechanical lock, and can avoid the key being imitated and stay safe hidden trouble. Electronic lock just remember one password, without carrying metal key, remove people carrying metalThe key of troubles, and by more and more people enjoy. Electronic lock variety, such as digital lock, fingerprint lock, magnetic lock, IC card lock, lock and other biological. But more practical orKey type electronic cipher lock.

2.Nineteen eighties, with the electronic lock special integrated circuits, electronic lock has the advantages of small size, high reliability, high cost, is suitable for use in high securityOccasions, and have power to provide energy, use is limited in a certain range, so it is difficult to popularize, no study has been significant progress.

At present, in the western developed countries, electronic password lock technology is relatively advanced, full range, electronic password lock has been widely used in the intelligent entrance guard system, through a variety of more safety,A more reliable technology to achieve the management of door. In the our country electronic lock overall level still is in on international 70 time around, electronic password lock the cost is very high, the market still with buttons.Lock, key type and the card key type electronic lock has been the introduction of the international advanced level, now there are several factory production supply market. But the domestic self-developed electronic lock, the cityField structure has not been formed, is applied. The domestic many enterprises also introduced the world's advanced technology, development foreground is very considerable. Hope that through continuous efforts, make electronicPassword lock in our country can get extensive application [1].

At present, the use of the electronic code lock on most of SCM technology, the single-chip microcomputer as main component, the encoder and decoder to generate software mode [2]. In the practical application,Because the program is easy to run away, the system reliable performance. Based on field programmable gate array logic device FPGA electronic password lock, with FPGA device structure system, all the algorithms.By the hardware circuit, the working reliability is improved greatly. Because FPGA has the field programmable function, when the design need to be changed, just change the FPGA controlPreparation and interface circuit, the use of EDA tools will be updated design download to FPGA can, no need to change the external circuit design, improve design efficiency.

Electronic cipher lock systemElectronic cipher lock is mainly composed of three parts: digital cipher input circuit, cipher lock password lock control circuit and display circuit.

(1) locks the input circuit includes a timing generation circuit, keyboard circuit, keyboard bouncing elimination circuit, keyboard decoding circuit and several small function circuit.

(2) password lock control circuit comprises a key data buffer storage circuit, code clear, change, storage, activated lock circuit ( register clears the signal generating