医学英语汇总

心脏外科常见疾病中英文对照摘要：心脏外科常见疾病中英文名称对照表。

Medical Equipment（医疗器械）ambulance 救护车ampoule 安瓿bandage 绷带cannula 套管，插管defibrillator 除颤器dressing 敷料forceps 钳子gauze 纱布mask 口罩needle 针scissors 剪刀syringe 注射器thermometer 体温计wipes 棉球beside rails 床栏hemostatic forceps 止血钳ice bag 冰袋laryngoscope 喉镜sand bag 沙袋sphygmomanometer 血压计stethoscope 听诊器pacemaker 起搏器Medicine(常用药物)Department of a hospital(医院科室) alcohol酒精ascorbic acid 维生素c aspirin 阿司匹林capsule胶囊dextrose 右旋糖，葡萄糖diazepam安定dopamine 多巴胺fursemide呋塞米penicillin青霉素blood bank血库cardiology心内科cardiovascular surgery心血管外科in-patient department住院部laboratory department化验科nursing department护理部out-patient department(OPD)门诊registration挂号处operating-room手术室waiting-room 候诊室test tube试管NURSING 护理first/second/third class attendance 一级/二级/三级护理continual oxygen uptake 持续吸氧interrupted oxygen uptake间断吸氧take/check/test blood pressure 测血压take temperature 测体温hypoglycemia 低血糖症hyperglycemia 高血糖hyperlipemia 高血脂heart rate 心率pulse 脉搏temperature 体温respiration 呼吸dry rale 干啰音moist rale 湿啰音heart beat 心跳heart sound 心音heart murmur 心脏杂音coma 昏迷shock 休克vital signs 生命体征state of health 健康状况artery 动脉wrist 手腕brachial 臀部的auscultation 听诊percussion 叩诊palpation 触诊inquiry 问诊inspection 望诊general checking-up 全身检查follow-up examination 随访检查consultation 会诊diagnosis 诊断recovery 康复relapse 复发focus(复foci) 病灶X-ray examination X线检查Acidosis酸中毒Administration n.给药Admission n.入院Allergic 过敏的，患过敏症的Anesthesia n.麻醉Antibiotic n.抗生素Anus 肛门Asthma 哮喘Bedpan 便盆Bedsore 压疮Blood transfusion 输血Bowel 肠Cuff 袖带Diabetes metabolism 糖尿病Neurosis 神经官能症Viral myocarditis病毒性心肌炎闭式引流－closed drainage肥皂水灌肠－soapsuds enema湿热敷－applying hot socks冷敷－applying cold compresses酒精擦浴－giving an alcohol sponge bath 皮内注射－endermic injection皮下注射－hypertonic injection肌内注射－intramuscular injection输血－blood transfusion输血浆－plasma transfusion禁食－absolute diet (fasting)普食－full diet流质饮食－liquid diet低蛋白饮食－low-protein diet备皮－shaving the patient’s skin (shin prep) 麻醉－anesthesia术前准备－preparing the patient for the surgery 术后护理－postoperative care用弹性绷带－apply elastic bandages心肺复苏－cardiopulmonary resuscitation实验室检查complete blood count (CBC) 全血细胞计数(血常规)Red blood cell count (RBC) 红细胞计数White blood cell count (WBC)白细胞计数Hematocrit (HCT)红细胞压积/比容Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 血尿素氮liver function test (LFTs) 肝功能测试[ˈlivə] [ˈfʌŋkʃən] [test]Kidney function 肾功能[ˈkidni]activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 部分活性凝血时间[ˈæktiveit] [ˈpɑ:ʃəl][ˌθrɔmb ə'plæs tin]Prothrombin time (PT)凝血酶原时间international normalized ratio (INR) 国际标准比率[ˌintəˈnæʃənəl][ˌnɔ:məlaiˈzeiʃən] [ˈreiʃəu]high density lipoprotein (HDL)高密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein e (LDL)低密度脂蛋白arterial blood gas (ABG) 动脉血气[gæs]ultrasound 超声echocardiography心脏彩超 [ekəukɑ:di'ɔgrəfi]abdominal ultrasound 腹部超声holter monitor (Holter) 24小时动态心电图[ˈmɔnitə]cardiac stress test 心脏运动试验[stres]X-ray X线检查Chest x-ray (CXR)胸片magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 核磁共振影像[mægˈnetik] [ˈrezənəns]angiogram 血管造影computed tomography (CT) 计算机断层扫描术chest CT 胸部CThead CT 脑部CT[hed]Increase CT scan 增强CT扫描micro pump 微量泵blood gas analysis 血气分析opening snap: 开瓣音 | 二尖瓣开放拍击音 | 开放拍节音murmur ['mə:mə]杂音CK-MB 肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase-MB）troponin ['trɔpənin, 'trəu-]n. 肌钙蛋白blood culture 血培养radiograph ['reidiəuɡrɑ:f, -ɡræf]n. 射线照片；X光照片chest radiograph: 胸片 | 线检查Holter ECG monitoring: 动态心电图cardiac catheterization: 心导管检查coronary angiography: 冠状血管造影术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: 经皮腔内冠脉成形术Radiofrequency catheter ablation: 经导管射频消融Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation: 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术cardioversion: 心脏电复律defibrillation:除颤ejection fraction (EF)射血分数科室心血管外科门诊Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic门诊Outpatient Dept.挂号处Registration门诊治疗室Outpatient Treatment Room诊室 1 Consultation Room 1急诊科Emergency Dept.急诊抢救室Emergency Room药房Pharmacy灌肠室Enema Room换药室Dressing Room采血室Blood collection room客服中心Customer Service内科诊区Internal Medicine Consulting Area 内科病房Internal Medicine Ward内科Internal Medicine Dept./ Internal Medicine心脏内科cardiology心脏外科cardiac surgery外科Surgery Dept./ Surgery手术室operating room (OR)第一手术室Operating Room (1)麻醉恢复室Anesthesia Recovery Room麻醉准备室Anesthesia Preparation Room外科病房Surgery Ward小儿心脏科Pediatric Cardiology Dept.放射科Radiology Dept./ Radiology CT室CT RoomCT检查室CT Examination Room数字减影Digital Subtraction (DSA)磁共振室Magnetic Resonance(MR) Room DR摄片室Digital Radiography (DR)Room 导管室Catheter Room登记处Registration化验室Laboratory/Lab血液常规化验室Routine Test Lab of Blood Sample血生化Biochemical Test of Blood超声科Ultrasonography Dept.心电图室ECG Room病案科Medical Records Dept.供应室Supply Room病理Pathology病房Ward病区Inpatient Area输血科Blood Transfusion Dept.血库Blood Bank护理部Nursing Dept./ Nursing医务部(处)Medical Administration Division 护理部Nursing Dept.计算机中心Computer Center信息科/信息办公室Information Center / Information Office病案室Medical Records Room图书馆Library心电图Electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图[iˌlektrəuˈkɑ:diəgræm]Normal ECG 正常心电图[ˈnɔ:məl]Abnormal ECG 不正常心电图[æb'nɔ:məl]Sinus rhythm (SR)窦性心律['sainəs] [ˈriðəm]Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速['sainəs][ˌtæki'kɑ:diə]Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓['sainəs] [brædi'kɑ:diə]Sinus arrhythmia 窦性心律不齐['sainəs] [ə'riθmiə]Sinus arrest 窦性停搏['sainəs] [ə'rest]Sinus rhythm with short PR 窦性心律PR间期缩短['sainəs] [ˈriðəm] [wið] [ʃɔ:t]Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) 病态窦房结综合征 [sik] ['sainəs] ['sindrəum]Atrial flutter (AF) 心房扑动['eitriəl] ['flʌtə]Atrial fibrillation (Af) 心房颤动['eitriəl] [ˌfaibri'leiʃən]Ventricular flutter 心室扑动[ven'trikjulə] ['flʌtə]Ventricular fibrillation (VF)心室颤动[ven'trikjulə] [ˌfaibri'leiʃən]Right bundle branch block (RBBB)右束支阻滞[rait] ['bʌndl] [brɑ:ntʃ] [blɔk] Complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB)完全右束支阻滞[kəm'pli:t] [rait] [ˈbʌndl] [brɑ:ntʃ] [blɔk]Incomplete right bundle branch block 不完全右束支传导阻滞[ˌinkəm'pli:t] [rait] [ˈbʌndl] [brɑ:ntʃ] [blɔk]First degree atrioventricular block (AVB) 一度房室阻滞[fə:st][di'gri:] [ˌeitriəuven'trikjulə][blɔk]Second degree atrioventricular block 二度房室阻滞['sekənd] [di'gri:] [ˌeitriəuven'trikjulə] [blɔk]Third degree atrioventricular block三度房室阻滞[θə:d] [di'gri:] [ˌeitriəuven'trikjulə][bl ɔk]Second degree type Ⅰ/Ⅱatrioventricular block 二度Ⅰ/Ⅱ型房室阻滞['sekənd] [di'gri:] [taip] [ˌeitriəuven'trikjələ] [blɔk]Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) 左室肥厚[left] [ven'trikjulə] [hai'pə:trəfi]right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)右室肥厚[rait] [ven'trikjulə] [hai'pə:trəfi] Biventricular hypertrophy 双室肥厚[ˌbaiven'trikjulə] [hai'pə:trəfi]Wide QRS rhythm QRS波增宽[waid] [ˈriðəm]Prolonged QT QT间期延长[prə'lɔŋd]Inverted T waves T波倒置[in'və:tid] [weiv]Pathological Q wave病理性Q波[ˌpæθə'lɔdʒikəl] [weiv]Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)急性心肌梗死[ə'kju:t] [ˌmaiə'kɑ:diəl] [in'fɑ:kʃən] Old inferior myocardial infarction 陈旧性下壁心梗[əuld] [in'fiəriə] [ˌmaiə'kɑ:diəl] [in'f ɑ:kʃən]Acute anterior myocardial infarction 急性前壁心肌梗死[əˈkju:t][æn'tiəriə] [ˌmaiə'k ɑ:diəl] [in'fɑ:kʃən]Acute inferior myocardial infarction 急性下壁心肌梗死[əˈkju:t] [in'fiəriə] [ˌmaiə'kɑ:di əl] [in'fɑ:kʃən]Acute posterior myocardial infarction 急性后壁心肌梗死[əˈkju:t] [pɔs'tiəriə] [ˌmaiə'k ɑ:diəl] [in'fɑ:kʃən]ST elevation ST段抬高[ˌeliˈveiʃən]Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 急性ST段抬高型心梗[əˈkju:t][ˌeli'veiʃən] [ˌmaiə'kɑ:diəl] [in'fɑ:kʃən]Acute Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) 急性非ST段抬高型心梗[əˈkju:t] [nɔn] [ˌeli'veiʃən] [ˌmaiə'kɑ:diəl] [in'fɑ:kʃən]ST-T changing ST-T改变['tʃeindʒiŋ]Escape beat逸搏[is'keip] [bi:t]Escape rhythm逸搏节律[is'keip] ['riðəm]Atrial escape beat 房性逸搏 ['eitriəl] [is'keip] [bi:t]Junctional escape beat交界性逸搏['dʒʌŋkʃənl] [is'keip] [bi:t]Ventricular escape beat室性逸搏[ven'trikjulə] [is'keip] [bi:t]Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)室性心动过速[ven'trikjulə] [ˌtæki'kɑ:diə]Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 阵发性室性心动过速[ˌpærək'sizməl][ven'trikjulə] [ˌtæki'kɑ:diə]Paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速[ˌpærək'sizməl] ['su:prə] [ven'trikjulə] [ˌtæki'kɑ:diə]Low voltage 低电压[ləu][ˈvəultidʒ]Left axis deviation 电轴左偏[left] [ˈæksis] [ˌdi:viˈeiʃən]Right axis deviation 电轴右偏[rait] [ˈæksis] [ˌdi:viˈeiʃən]Pacemaker signal 起搏脉冲信号 ['peisˌmeikə] ['signəl]Borderline ECG 边缘心电图(介于正常与不正常之间) ['bɔ:dəˌlain]Last ECG 临终心电图[lɑ:st]Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) WPW (预激)综合症[wulf] ['pɑ:kinsən] [wait]Early repolarization (ER)过早复极[ˈə:li] ['ri:pəulərai'zeiʃən]Premature atrial contraction (PAC)房性期前收缩[ˌpreməˈtʃuə]['eitriəl][kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n]Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) 室性期前收缩[ˌpreməˈtʃuə] [ven'trikjulə] [kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n]Junctional premature contraction交界性期前收缩['dʒʌŋkʃənl][ˌpreməˈtʃuə][kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n]Bigeminy 二联律[baiˈdʒemini]Trigeminy 三联律[trai'dʒimini]high degree AV block高度房室传导阻滞[hai] [diˈgri:] [ei] [vi:] [blɔk]AV dissociation房室分离[ei] [vi:] [diˌsəusi'eiʃən]常见临床表现1、pain疼痛[pein]2、chest pain 胸痛[tʃest] [pein]3、abdominal pain 腹痛 [æb'dɔminəl]4、nausea 恶心[ˈnɔ:ziə, ˈnɔ:siə]5、dry retching 干呕[drai] ['retʃiŋ]6、vomit 呕吐[ˈvɔmit]7、vomitus 呕吐物 ['vɔmitəs]8、tachypnea 呼吸过速 [tækip'ni:ə]9、dyspnea 呼吸困难[dispˈni:ə]10、orthopnoea 端坐呼吸[,ɔ:θəup'ni:ə]11、apnea呼吸暂停、窒息[æp'ni:ə]12、shortness of breath 呼吸短促 ['ʃɔ:tnis][breθ]13、cough咳嗽[kɔf]14、dry cough 干咳15、sputum痰 ['spju:təm]16、frothy sputum泡沫样痰['frɔθi] ['spju:təm]17、nosebleed 鼻出血['nəuzbli:d]18、headache 头疼['hedeik]19、dizziness 头晕[ˈdizini:s]20、syncope 晕厥[ˈsiŋkəpi]21、coma昏迷 ['kəumə]22、hypertension高血压[ˌhaipəˈtenʃən]23、high blood pressure 高血压24、hypotension 低血压[ˌhaipəuˈtenʃən]25、low blood pressure低血压[ləu]26、thirst 口渴[θə:st]27、fever发烧[ˈfi:və]28、palpitation 心悸[ˌpælpi'teiʃən]29、angina 心绞痛[ænˈgainə]30、insomnia 失眠[inˈsɔmniə]31、constipation便秘[ˌkɔnsti'peiʃən]32、diarrhea腹泻[ˌdaiə'riə]33、polyuria多尿 ['pɔli'jəriə]34、oliguria 少尿 [ɔli'gjuəriə]35、anuria 无尿[əˈnjuəriə]36、edema 浮肿、水肿[i:'di:mə]37、pitting edema凹陷性水肿 ['pitiŋ] [i:'di:mə]38、allergy过敏[ˈælədʒi]39、cyanosis 紫绀，发绀 [ˌsaiə'nəusis]40、fatigued 疲乏无力的[fə'ti:gd]Surgical care 外科护理Preoperative care 术前护理1. preoperative guidance 术前指导2. take blood pressure 测血压3. preoperative skin preparation 术前备皮4. enema 灌肠5. cross matching 交叉配血试验6. skin sensitivity test 皮试7. catheterization 导尿8. administration before surgery 手术前给药9. echocardiography 超声心动图10. ECG 心电图11. chest X-ray 胸片12. laboratory tests 实验室检查Postoperative care 术后护理1. cheek vital signs 测量生命体征Pulse 脉搏Temperature 体温Respiratory 呼吸BP-blood pressure 血压2. administration / give drugs 给药3. give IV fluids 静脉补液4. ECG monitoring 心电监测5. nutrition / diet care 饮食护理6. personal and oral hygiene 个人及口腔卫生7. oxygen inhalation 吸氧8. sputum aspirator 吸痰9. atomization 雾化10. catheter care 尿管护理11. skin care – prevent bed sore 皮肤护理－预防褥疮12. prevention of DVT (deep vein thrombosis) 预防深静脉血栓13. input-output charting 计出入量14. documentation 护理记录15. physical therapy 体疗16. ventilator care 呼吸机护理17. pacemaker care 起搏器护理常用药肾上腺素－adrenaline [ə'drɪːnlaɪn]去甲肾上腺素－noradrenaline [‚nɔːrə'dren əlɪn]异丙肾上腺素－isoprenaline [‚aɪsəʊ'prenəlɪn]多巴胺－dopamine ['dəʊpəmɪːn]阿托品－atropine ['ætrəpɪn]硝酸甘油－nitroglycerin [‚naɪtrəʊ'glɪsərɪːn]罂粟碱－papaverine [pə'pævərɪːn ,-rɪn /-'peɪv-]胃复安(甲氧氯普胺)－metoclopramide dihydrochloride西地兰－deslanoside胺碘酮(可达龙)－amiodarone硝普钠－sodium nitroprusside ['səʊdɪəm]维拉帕米－verapamil [,vɪrə'pæmɪl]地西泮－diazepam [daɪ'æzipæm]吗啡－morphine['mɔrfɪːn /'mɔː-]哌替啶－pethidine ['peθɪdɪn]芬太尼－fentanyl 异丙嗪－promethazine [prəʊ'meθəzɪːn]尼可刹米－nikethamide洛贝林－lobeline['ləʊbəlɪːn]可待因－kodeine/codeine['kəʊdɪːn]氨茶碱－aminophylline [ə,mɪːnəʊ'fɪlɪːn]呋塞米－furosemide甘露醇－mannitol ['mænɪtɔl]肝素－heparin ['hepərɪn]鱼精蛋白－protamine ['prəʊtəmɪːn ,-m ːn]氢化可的松－hydrocortisone [‚haɪdrəʊ'kɔːt ɪzəʊn]地塞米松－dexamethasone [,deksə'meθəsəʊn]强地松－prednisone ['prednɪsəʊn]甲强龙－solu-medrol胰岛素－insulin ['ɪnsəlɪn /-sjʊl-]西咪替丁－cimetidine[saɪ'metɪdɪːn]利多卡因－lidocaine['laɪdəkeɪn]普鲁卡因－procaine['prəʊkeɪn]氯胺酮－ketamine ['kɪːtəmɪːn]依托咪酯－etomidate琥珀胆碱－suxamethonium艾司洛尔－esmolol佩尔地平－Nicardipine碘帕醇－Iopamidol葡萄糖－glucose ['gluːkəʊs]5%糖盐水－5% glucose in normal saline (GNS)5%葡萄糖－5% glucose solution (GS) [sə'lu ːʃn]生理盐水－normal saline (NS)['nɔːml] ['seɪlaɪn]5%碳酸氢钠－5% sodium bicarbonate ['səʊdɪəm] [baɪ'kɑːbənɪt]氯化钾－potassium chloride[pə'tæsɪəm] ['klɔːraɪd]氯化钙－calcium chloride['kælsɪəm]葡萄糖酸钙－calcium gluconate ['gluːkəneit]复方氯化钠(林格液)－compound sodium chloride injection['kɒmpaʊnd]乳酸林格液－lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) ['lækteɪt] ['rɪŋə(r)] [sə'luːʃn]碳酸氢钠－sodium bicarbonate ['səʊdɪəm][baɪ'kɑːbənɪt]右旋糖酐－dextran ['dekstrən]乌司他丁－ulinastatin (UTI)口服药拜阿司匹林－bayaspirin美托洛尔－metoprolol氯吡格雷(波立维)－clopidogrel外用、吸入药物乙醇－alcohol ['ælkəhɒl]碘－iodine [aɪədaɪn /-dɪːn]液状石蜡－liquid paraffin ['lɪkwɪd] ['pærəf ɪn]甲醛(福尔马林)－formaldehyde [fɔr'mældɪhaɪd /fɔː'm-]戊二醛－glutaral过氧乙酸－peracetic acid七氟醚－sevoflurane异氟烷－forane心外常用单词aorta（Ao）主动脉ascending aorta（AAo）升主动脉descending aorta（DAo）降主动脉arch of aorta 主动脉弓aortic valve（A V）主动脉瓣mitral valve（MV）二尖瓣tricuspid valve（TV）三尖瓣pulmonary valve（PV）肺动脉瓣inferior vena cava（IVC）下腔静脉superior vena cava（SVC）上腔静脉coronary sinus（CS）冠状窦atrium 心房ventricle 心室coronary artery（CA）冠状动脉circumflex artery（CIRC）回旋支anterior descending（AD）前降支pulmonary artery（PA）肺动脉azygos（Az）奇静脉subclavian artery（SA）锁骨下动脉external jugular vein 颈外静脉descending vein (dv) 垂直静脉arterial dorsalis pedis 足背动脉left bundle branch（LBB）左束支diaphragm (D) 横膈common atrio-ventricular valve orifice（CA VO）共同房室瓣口cardiopulmonary bypass（CPB）体外循环deep hypothermic circulatory arrest （DHCA）深低温停循环extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（ECMO体外膜肺氧合fraction of inspired oxygen（FiO2）吸入氧浓度intermittent positive pressure ventilation（IPPV）间断正压通气CPAP 持续正压通气positive end expiratory pressure （PEEP）呼气末正压通气IMV 间歇指令通气SIMV 同步间歇指令通气CMV 容量控制BE 剩余碱intensive care unit（ICU）重症监护病房central venous pressure（CVP）中心静脉压systolic blood pressure（SBP 收缩压diastolic blood pressure（DBP）舒张压MAP 平均动脉压PCWP 肺动脉楔压LVEDP 左室舒张末压oxygen tension in arterial blood （PaO2）动脉血氧分压carbon dioxide tension in arterialblood（PaCO2）动脉二氧化碳分压SvO2 混合静脉血氧饱和度cardiac output（CO）心排出量cardian index（CI）心排血指数patch 补片valve replacement 瓣膜置换mechanical valve 机械瓣biological valve 生物瓣anticoagulant therapy 抗凝治疗thrombolytic therapy 溶栓治疗pulmonary artery banding（PAB）肺动脉环缩术arterial switch operation（ASO）动脉调转术double switch procedure 双调转术Glenn双上腔静脉—肺动脉吻合术Fontan双侧双向腔静脉—肺动脉吻合术TCPC 全腔静脉—肺动脉连接intra-aortic balloonspump（IABP）主动脉内球囊反搏percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty（PTCA）经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术Coronary arery bypass grafting （CABG）冠状动脉旁路移intubation 气管插管tracheotomy 气管切开digitalis toxicity 洋地黄中毒paradoxical pulse 奇脉low cardiac output（LCO）低心输出量low output syndrome（LOS）低心排综合征systemic vascular resistance（SVR）体循环阻力（外周）systemic blood flow（Qs）体循环血量pulmonary vascular resistance（PVR）肺循环阻力pulmonary blood flow（Qp）肺循环血量ventricular assist device（V AD）心室辅助装置permanent pacemaker永久起搏器heart monitor 心电监护仪ventilator 呼吸机ambulatory electrocardiography （AECG）动态心电图transoesophageal echocardiography （TEE）经食道超声心动图magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）磁共振成像pneumothorax 气胸hydrothorax 胸腔积液thoracenthesis 胸腔穿刺术pericardial effusion（pe）心包积液subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿hemoglobinuria 血红蛋白尿hematuria 血尿bloody stool 血便ventricular dilatation 心室扩大cardiac tamponade 心脏压塞angiotensin-coverting enzyme inhibitor（ACEI）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂vasodilator 血管扩张剂beta-blockers β-受体阻滞剂calcium channel blocker钙通道阻滞剂blood culture 血培养blood gas 血气PTT 凝血酶原时间PTA 凝血酶原活动度INR 国际标准化值cardiac enzymes 心肌酶ischemic heart disease缺血性心脏病rheumatic heart disease（RHD）风心病heart failure（HF）心力衰竭congestive heart failure（CHF）充血性心力衰竭pulmonary edema 肺水肿atelactasis 肺不张paroxysmal noctural dyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难hemorrhage 出血sudden death 猝死medical order 医嘱general anesthesia 全麻diuretic 利尿剂cardiotonic 强心药antihypertensive 降压药dessecting aneurysm夹层动脉瘤cerebral embolism脑栓塞cerebral anoxia 脑缺氧Down syndrome唐氏综合症femoral artery 股动脉radial artery 桡动脉心外科常见病CHD congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病[kən'dʒenɪtl] [hɑːt][dɪ'zɪːz] VSD ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损[ven'trɪkjʊlə] ['septel] ['diːfekt]ASD atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损['ɑːtrɪəl]atrial septal defect-ostium secundum（secundum ASD）继发孔房缺['ɒstiəm] [s ɪ'kʌndəm]atrial septal defect-ostium primum（primum ASD）原发孔房缺['praɪmʊm] atrial septal defect-sinus venosus defect（sinus venosus ASD）静脉窦型房缺['sa ɪnəs] ['vɪːnəs]PFO patent foramen ovale 卵圆孔未闭['pætnt /'peɪtnt] [fə'reimən]PAVD atrioventricular canal defect-partial 部分房室间隔缺损[,eitrɪəʊven'trikjʊlə] [kə'næl] ['pɑrʃl /'pɑː-]CAVD atrioventricular canal detect-complete 完全房室间隔缺损[kəm'pliːt] PH pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压['pʌlmənrɪ] [‚haɪpə'tenʃən]TGA transposition of the great arteries 大动脉转位[‚trænspə'zɪʃn] ['ɑːtərɪ] cTGA corrected transposition of the great arteries 矫正型大动脉转位[kə'rekt] SV single ventricle 单心室['sɪŋgl]['ventrɪkl]TOF tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症[te'trælədʒi]overriding aorta 主动脉骑跨[‚əʊvə'raɪd][eɪ'ɔːtə]right ventricular hypertrophy 右心室肥厚[ven'trɪkjʊlə][haɪ'pɜrtrəʊfɪ/-'pɜːt-] PDA patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭['pætn t /'peɪtnt]['dʌktəs][ɑː'tɪrɪːəʊsəs]TAPVD total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 全肺静脉异位引流['təʊtl] [ə'nɒmələs] ['pʌlmənrɪ] ['vɪːnəs] ['dreɪnɪdʒ]PAPVD partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分肺静脉异位引流['pɑrʃl /'pɑː-]DORV double outlet right ventricle 右室双出口['dʌbl] ['aʊtlet] ['ventrɪkl] DCRV double chambered right ventricle 右室双腔心['tʃeɪmbə]right ventricular anomalous muscle bundle右室异常肌束['bʌndl]LVOTO right ventricular outflow obstruction 右室流出道梗阻['aʊtfləʊ][əb'strʌk ʃn]Eisenmenger’s syndrome艾森曼格综合症['aɪsən,meŋəez] ['sɪndrəʊm] Ebstein’s anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形[ə'nɒməlɪ]Cor triatriatum 三房心['kɒː]aneurysm 动脉瘤['ænjuːrizəm]left atrial myxomas 左房粘液瘤[mɪk'səʊmə]dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤[dɪ'sekt]rupture of aortic sinusal aneurysm 主动脉窦瘤破裂['rʌptʃə(r)] [eɪ'ɔːtik] ['saɪn əsl]PTA permanent truncus arteriosus 永存动脉干['pɜrmənət /'pɜːm-] rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病[ruː'mætɪk]valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病['vælvjʊlə]AI aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全[‚ɪnsə'fɪʃnsɪ]AS aortic stenosis（valve）主动脉瓣狭窄[stə'nəʊsis]aortic stenosis-subvalvular 主动脉瓣狭窄-瓣下型[sʌb'vælvjʊlə] aortic stenosis-supravalvular 主动脉瓣狭窄-瓣上型[,suːprə'vælvjʊlə] CoA coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄[kəʊ'aːkteiʃn] [eɪ'ɔːtə] MI mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全['maɪtrəl] [‚ɪnsə'fɪʃnsɪ]MS mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MVP mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂[vælv] [prəʊ'læps /'prəʊlæps] TI tricuspid insufficiency 三尖瓣关闭不全[traɪ'kʌspɪd]TS tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄TA tricuspid atresia 三尖瓣闭锁[ə'trɪːʒiə]PS pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄PA pulmonary atresia 肺动脉闭锁absent pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣缺如['æbsənt]coronary artery fistula 冠状静脉瘘['kɒrənərɪ] ['ɑːtərɪ] ['fɪstʃələ] anomalous coronary artery 冠状动脉起源异常[ə'nɒmələs]APW aortopulmonary window 肺动脉窗[eɪɔːtəʊ'pʌlmənrɪ] coronary artery disease 冠心病endocarditis 心内膜炎[‚endəʊkɑː'daɪtɪs]dextrocardia 右位心[‚dekstrə‘kɑː'də]心外科常见手术Atrial septal defect repair 房缺修补Ventricular septal defect repair 室缺修补Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot 法四根治Right ventricular outflow tract augmentation 右室流出道加宽Pulmonary artery band removal 肺动脉交界切开Right ventricular infundibulectomy 右室漏斗部切除Repair of double outlet right ventricle 右室双出口修复Repair of total anomalous pulmonary veins 全肺静脉异位引流修复Repair of transposition 大动脉转位修复Coarctation repair 主动脉缩窄修复Aortic valvuloplasty 主动脉瓣成形Aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换Subaortic stenosis resection 主动脉瓣下狭窄切除Mitral valvuloplasty 二尖瓣成形Mitral valve replacement 二尖瓣置换Tricuspid valvuloplasty 三尖瓣成形Tricuspid valve replacement 三尖瓣置换Tricuspid valve repositioning for Ebstein anomaly Ebstein畸形三尖瓣折叠Ross procedure Ross手术Repair of aorto-pulmonary window 主肺动脉窗修补Repair of cor triatriatum 三房心修复术Systemic to pulmonary artery shunt 体肺动脉分流术Arterial switch operation 心房调转手术Arterial switch operation 动脉调转手术心血管内科常用英文Symptoms 症状chest distress胸闷breathlessness 气促precordial chest pain心前区胸痛retrosternally chest pain 胸骨后胸痛occasionally epigastric or interscapular 上腹部的/肩胛间的sense of impending death 濒死感Signs 体征Vital signs 生命体征pulse rate 脉律dropped beat脉搏短绌temperature: fever /clammy peripheries 四肢湿冷loss of consciousness，unconsciousness意识丧失tic of limbs四肢抽搐gatism，urinary and fecal incontinence大小便失禁cardiac apex (4/5th ICS-MCL or displaced laterally) 心尖thrill 震颤cardiac dilatation心脏扩大large right atrium 右房大dilated left ventricle 左室大heart sounds: S1,S2,S3,S4gallop奔马律, systolic click收缩期卡嗒音, opening snap(二尖瓣)开瓣音, pericardial knock 心包叩击音heart murmur 心脏杂音systolic/diastolic/continouscrescendo/decrescendo 递增/递减pitch音调quality 性质pericardial friction rub，pericardial rub心包摩擦音inspiratory crepitations over the lung bases, basal crackles 肺底湿啰音wheezing rale 哮鸣音cardiomegaly 心脏肥大elevated venous pressuredistention of jugular vein，jugular filling，jugular varicosity颈静脉怒张/充盈hepatojugular reflux sign肝颈静脉回流征ascites 腹水edema of lower extremity下肢水肿Hypertensive disease高血压病sphygmomanometer；blood pressure gauge，BPG血压计stethoscope听诊器hypertension ：primary hypertension；secondary hypertension；chronic kidney disease, CKDdrugs: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug，NSAID非甾体类抗炎药glucocorticosteroids糖皮质激素mineral corticoid ，MCH盐皮质激素hyperthyrea, hyperthyroidism, hyperthyrosis甲状腺功能亢进sleep apnea syndrome睡眠呼吸暂停综合征diabetes mellitus糖尿病coarctation of aorta，COA主动脉缩窄isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压hypertensive emergencies 高血压急症hypertensive urgencies 高血压亚急症hypertensive crisis 高血压危象hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压性脑病The coronary circulationleft anterior descending artery,LADleft circumflex coronary artery, LCXright coronary artery, RCACoronary artery disease;coronary heart disease，CAD,CHD冠心病atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atheromatous plaques 动脉粥样斑块plaque rupture 斑块破裂angina pectoris 心绞痛stable angina pectoris 稳定性心绞痛variant angina pectoris 变异性心绞痛silent myocardial ischemia 无症状心肌缺血（latent coronary heart disease 隐匿性冠心病）myocardial bridging 心肌桥post-infarction angina pectoris 梗死后心绞痛acute coronary syndrome，ACS 急性冠脉综合征unstable angina pectoris ,UAP 不稳定心绞痛rest 静息型, new/initial初发型，accelerated 恶化型acute myocardial infarction ,AMI 急性心肌梗死non-ST segment elevation MI, NSTEMIST segment elevation MI，STEMIsudden cardiac death, SCD 心脏性猝死dysfunction/rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能不全/断裂rupture of chordae tendineae腱索断裂rupture of the heart ,cardiac rupture心脏破裂embolism 栓塞（systemic体循环的）cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Four chambers: left/right atrium/ventricle 心房/心室（atrial 心房的,ventricular 心室的）atrial septum房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔Cardiac insufficiency心功能不全，heart failure 心衰compensated/overt heart failure 代偿性/显性心衰congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭acute/chronic left-sided heart failure 急/慢性左心衰竭intractable heart failure难治性心衰systolic/diastolic insufficiency heart failure收缩/舒张功能不全的心衰The electrical conduction systemsinoatrial node 窦房结His bundle 房室束right and left bundles 左右束支Purkinje network 浦肯野纤维triggered activity 触发活动re-entry 折返sinoatrial block (Wenckebach 文氏，Mobitz莫氏)sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病态窦房结综合征：bradycardia-tachycardia syndromeatrial flutter, AFLatrial fibrillation ,AFpremature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性期前收缩AV junctional escape beats 逸搏atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, AVNRTatrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, AVRTpreexcitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)ventricular tachycardia，VT (multiforme多形性，multifocal 多源性) accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性室性自主节律torsades de pointes ,TDP尖端扭转ventricular flutter 室扑ventricular fibrillation室颤atrioventricular block, AVB 房室传导阻滞Adame-Strokes syndrome 阿-斯综合征intraventricular block 室内阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB 左束支阻滞left anterior fascicular block, LAFB 左前分支阻滞left posterior fascicular block, LPFB 左后分支阻滞Valvular disease of the heart，VDH, valvular heart disease心脏瓣膜病mitral/tricuspid/aortic/pulmonary valve disease 二尖瓣/三尖瓣/主动脉瓣/肺动脉瓣疾病acute/chronic mitral stenosis/incompetence/ insufficiency 狭窄/关闭不全rheumatic fever 风湿热rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎Infective endocarditis ,IE 感染性心内膜炎acute/ subacute, native/prothetic/right heart IE 自体瓣膜/人工瓣膜Cardiomyopathy 心肌病dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM 扩张型心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HCM (asymmetric septal 非对称性室间隔肥厚) restrictive cardiomyopathy, RCMarrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ,ARVC 致心律失常性右室心肌病speciflc cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病diabetic cardiomyopathy 糖尿病性心肌病alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病cardiac amyloidosis 心脏淀粉样变性drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病Keshan disease 克山病，endemic cardiomyopathy 地方性心肌病pericardium心包cardiopericarditis，cardipericarditis，pericarditis心包炎hydropericardium，pericardial effusion，pericardial fluid心包积液constrictive pericarditis缩窄性心包炎Congenital heart/cardiovascular disease先天性心脏病/心血管病，CHDatrial septal defect ASD 房缺ventricular septal defect,VSD 室缺patent ductus ateriosus, PDA 导管未闭tetralogy of fallot, TOF 法四Eisenmenger’s syndrome艾森曼格综合征coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄primary pulmonary hypertension 原发肺动脉高压dextrocardia右位心complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错位Disease of blood vessel，vascular disease，angiopathy血管疾病aortic dissection主动脉夹层primary arteritis or the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans 闭塞性周围动脉硬化thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger disease) 闭塞性血栓性脉管炎（Buerger病）thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎。