重庆大学翻译硕士MTI2011年英语翻译基础真题
重庆大学研究生英语2011-2012试题
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年 第 一 学期（春、秋）开课学院： 课程编号： 考试日期：考试方式：开卷闭卷 其他 考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次：_______________ Answer Sheet Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 2 point each ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. () 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( ) 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )封线 密Part IV. Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2011 ~2012 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the –job training.That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salariesranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education couples with work experience.But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Schertz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle-and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,” says Schertz.This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Them and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or and engineering degree. “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing thing,” says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,” says Schertz.1. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?A. Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.B. People with an MBA degree from top universities.C. People with formal schooling plus work experience.D. People with special training in engineering.2. By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 3, Para. 3), the authormeans .A. most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB. an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC. MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are nowD. in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got3. According to Schertz’s statement (Lines 3~4, Para. 4), companies prefer .A. people who have a strategic mindB. people who are talented in fine artsC. people who are ambitious and aggressiveD. people who have received training in mechanics4. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because .A. they are more capable of handling changing situationsB. they and stick to established ways of solving problemsC. they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD. they have attended special programs in management5. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B. Formal schooling is less important than job training.C. On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D. Generalists will outdo specialists in management.Passage TwoWith fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being setup to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this：First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed；then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids；after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel；the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.6. The phrase “should be well on with...”（Para. 1）most probably means _______.A. have completed what was startedB. get ready to startC. have achieved a great deal inD. put an end to7. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3？A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.B. Sharpening metal bars.C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.8. What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. To protect the environment from pollution.C. To get raw materials locally.D. To get big profits from those plants.9. The first full-scale huge recycling plants _______.A. began to operate fifteen years agoB. will probably take less than fifteen years to buildC. will be built fifteen years laterD. will probably be in operation in fifteen years10. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a cheap way to get energyB. the location of recycling plantsC. new ways of recycling wastesD. the probability of city environmentPassage ThreeIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.11. What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.12. Recorded history has taught us _______________.A. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.13. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men __________.A. can’t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.14. “He was none the wiser” meansA. he was not at all wise in listening.B. H e was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. H e gains nothing after listening.D. H e makes no sense of the argument.15. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. Mopping up the violent mess.Passage FourFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us --- or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they've had a lot of exclamation moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones --- but only as far as they went.Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time we are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and co-conspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we'll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. "Siblings," says family sociologist Katherine Conger, "are with us for the whole journey."Within the scientific community, siblings have not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order．Older sibs were said to be strivers；younger ones rebels；middle kids the lost souls．The stereotypes were broad，if not entirely untrue，and there the discussion mostly ended．But all that’s changing．At research centers in the U．S．，Canada，Europe and elsewhere，investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic，looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another int0—or away from--risky behavior how they form a protective buffer(减震器)against family upheaval；how they educate one another about the opposite sex；how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms--or blows--over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism．From that research，scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults．Does the manager who runs a harmonious office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Does the student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddy’s girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter—gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is underinvestigation．“Siblings have just been off the radar screen until now，”says Conger．But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us．16．The beginning of the passage indicates thatA．researchers have found out what shapes us．B．our peer is the last factor influencing us．C．what researchers found is good and trustworthy．D．what researchers found contributes in a limited way．17．In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate that our siblingsA．offer us much useful information．B．have great influences on us．C．are the ones who love us completely．D．accompany us throughout our life．18．In scientific community, previous research on siblingsA．mostly focused on the sibling order．B．studied the characteristics of the kids．C．studied the matter in a broad sense．D．wasn’t believable and the discussion ended．19．Which of the following is NOT sibling dynamic?A．A brother cautions his sister against getting into trouble．B．Sisters have quarrels with each other．C．Siblings compete for parental favoritism．D．Older kids in a family try hard to achieve．20．From the last paragraph，we can conclude thatA．managers learned management skills from the family playroom．B．spouses learned negotiation skills from their siblings．C．studies on siblings are under the way。
英美文学与翻译2011年真题回忆版
827英美文学与翻译2011年真题回忆版Part one literature第一题：someone say that “a good literary work is a combination of pleasure and disquietness”what do you think of it? Select a work and point out where u can find pleasure and disquietness.第二题：someone say that “a good literary work is a question minus answer”,what do you think of it? Select a work or play and point out how the writer pose the question and what extent he answers the question.第三题：this is a short passage taken from the preface of the《leaves of grass》from Walt WhitmanThe Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem. In the history of the earth hitherto the largest and most stirring appear tame and orderly to their ampler largeness and stir. Here at last is something in the doings of man that corresponds with the broadcast doings of the day and night. Here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations. Here is action untied from strings necessarily blind to particulars and details magnificently moving in vast masses. Here is the hospitality which forever indicates heroes . . . . Here are the roughs and beards and space and ruggedness and nonchalance that the soul loves. Here the performance disdaining the trivial unapproached in the tremendous audacity of its crowds and groupings and the push of its perspective spreads with crampless and flowing breadth and showers its prolific and splendid extravagance. One sees it must indeed own the riches of the summer and winter, and need never be bankrupt while corn grows from the ground or the orchards drop apples or the bays contain fish or men beget children upon women.Other states indicate themselves in their deputies . . . . but the genius of the United States is not best or most in its executives or legislatures, nor in its ambassadors or authors or colleges or churches or parlors, nor even in its newspapers or inventors . . . but always most in the commonpeople. Their manners speech dress friendships – the freshness and candor of their physiognomy –the picturesque looseness of their carriage . . . their deathless attachment to freedom – their aversion to anything indecorous or soft or mean – the practical acknowledgment of the citizens of one state by the citizens of all other states – the fierceness of their roused resentment – their curiosity and welcome of novelty – their self-esteem and wonderful sympathy – their susceptibility to a slight – the air they have of persons who never knew how it felt to stand in the presence of superiors – the fluency of their speech – their delight in music, the sure symptom of manly tenderness and native elegance of soul . . . their good temper and openhandedness – the terrible significance of their elections – the President's taking off his hat to them not they to him –these too are unrhymed poetry. It awaits the gigantic and generous treatment worthy of it.Question1: what’s your understanding of Whitman’s view of poet?Question2: write a comment of this passage .第四题：this is “a very short story” written by Hemingway .then write a comment of this passagePart two: translation汉译英：旧王府艺术研究院的变迁英译汉：idleness+三个短句翻译4.2.1真题解析及技巧指导Part one literature注意答题书写步骤：第一题：1.I take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to explain the idea.2. pleasure 体现在远离“文明”的，自然的，单纯的河上生活；disquietness体现在河岸上现实的阴暗面即血腥杀戮等3. 总结。
2011年翻译硕士全国考卷大全(二)
二, 2011 MTI真题】山师MTI翻译硕士全套试题回忆
翻译硕士英语：
第一题是30个单选题，前15个是词汇题，是划出某个生僻词，然后从四个选项中选取同义词，后15个是语法题，比专四水平略高。
第二题是4篇阅读理解，第一篇关于美国细胞研究减速对国家的影响，第二篇是对某作家写的地中海历史一书的批评，第三篇是美国银行业性质的转变以及对美国消费的批评，这三篇都是单选题，一篇5个，第四篇是主观题，是关于现代人对于工作的失望，总体难度与专八差不多。
第三部分 60分
待价而沽的景观 给了一篇文章 摘自《“城”长的烦恼》让就文章中的某些观点发表看法，800字 议论文
要求：用词优美 文体合适 结构合理
五, 2011年北京大学MTI，CAT，TT英汉互译真题，考场真实记录
——ziqijinghong手打
(考研论坛在我考研的时候给了我很大帮助，现在是回报的时候了，希望广大的后来者也将这一传统继承下去，给更多的后来者以帮助……考场上实在不会做了，于是将试题抄在了准考证上，希望对你们有帮助，另外，有考TT的同学们，还将会有TT基础英语的考场记录的试题——不知道TT或者CAT直接忽略就可以了，大家敬请期待吧。PS：翻译完之后我我看了看，然后就笑了，希望自己的翻译会给阅卷老师带来欢乐。)
作文?? 是否应该推广the general education
二、百科知识
名词解释??? 竟然不是预料的选择题型 还是之前的解释形式。。。单位?? 华夏? 国务院?? 打酱油? 女娲?? 因特网?? 二战 冷战? 苏联? 赤字?? 欧元区??? 大多是比较常见的 都是用自己话答得?
应用文是 自荐信
第三题是作文，400词，the essence of happiness
重庆大学研究生基础英语B2011版试卷及答案
Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePsychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors，including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence，and how they can be developed：1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls ―gut feelings‖。
重庆大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
重庆大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享重庆大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
重庆大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Phrase TranslationCPPCC：中国人民政治协商会议(Chinese People’s Political Consultative ConferenceASEAN：东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations)UNESCO：联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)IMF：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)Federal Reserve System：联邦储备体系/系统/制度World Expo: 世界博览会burden of proof: 举证责任non-performing loan: 不良贷款，不履约贷款;非营运贷款monetary easing policy: 宽松货币政策exam-oriented education: 应试教育consecutive interpreting：交替传译information asymmetry：信息不对称dear John letter：(女性写给男性的)分手信，绝交信public servant：公务员primary，secondary and tertiary industries：第一、第二和第三产业多党合作制：System of Multi-party Cooperation生态文明：Ecological Civilization科学发展观: Scientific Outlook on Development贸易顺差：trade surplus价格听证会: public price hearings社会保障体系: social security system十二五计划: the 12th Five-Year Plan中国证监会: China Securities Regulatory Commission保税区: bonded area;free trade zone双休日: The Two-day Weekend; two-day dayoffs安居工程: Housing Project for low-income families; Comfortable Housing Project三纲五常: principle of feudal moral conduct;the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues as specified in the feudal ethical code国画: traditional Chinese painting《春秋》：the Spring and Autumn Period;age故宫：The Imperial Palace;The Palace Museum;The Forbidden CityII. Passage translationSection A English to Chinese“Invisibility”is the term I will use to describe the translator’s situation and activity in contemporary Anglo-American culture. It refers to two mutually determining phenomena: one is an illusionistic effect of discourse, of the translator’s own manipulation of English; the other is the practice of reading and evaluating translations that has long prevailed in the United Kingdom and the United States, among other cultures, both English and foreign-language. A translated text, whether prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction, is judged acceptable by most publishers, reviewers, and readers when it reads fluently, when the absence of any linguistic or stylistic peculiarities makes it seem transparent, giving the appearance that it reflects t he foreign writer’s personality or intention or the essential meaning of the foreign text-the appearance, in other words, that the translation is not in fact a translation, but the “original.” The illusion of transparency is an effect of fluent discourse, of the translator’s effort to insure easy readability by adhering to current usage, maintaining continuous syntax, fixing a precise meaning. What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made, starting with the translator’s crucial intervention in the foreign text The more fluent the translation, the more invisible the translator, and, presumably, the more visible the writer or meaning of the foreign text.The dominance of fluency in English-language translation becomes apparent in a sampling of reviews from newspapers and periodicals. On those rare occasions when reviewers address the translation at all, their brief comments usually focus on its style, neglecting such other possible questions as its accuracy, its intended audience, its economic value in the current book market, its relation to literary trends in English, its place in the translator’s career. And over the past fifty years the comments are amazingly consistent in praising fluent discourse while damning deviations from it, even when the most diverse range of foreign texts is considered.Section B Chinese to English今年以来，我国连续发生严重自然灾害，给受灾地区群众生产生活造成严重影响。
MTI英汉互译—词汇翻译真题(缩略语)—19所大学10_11年名词翻译真题及答案(较详细)
一、北外词汇翻译1.10年英译汉UNESCO 联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationNASA 美国国家航空航天局National Aeronautics and Space Administration Diet of Japan 日本国会FDI 对外直接投资Foreign Direct InvestmentC.C.T.V. 闭路电视FBI 美国联邦调查局Federal Bureau of InvestigationGM crop 转基因作物Genetically Modified cropIAEA 国际原子能机构International Atomic Energy AgencyOpportunity cost 机会成本Keynesians 凯恩斯主义者The Tories 英国保守党The State Department in Washington 美国国务院The Treasury Department of the U.S 美国财政部Protectionism 保护主义Balance of payments 收支平衡2.11年英译汉APEC 亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationPPI 生产者物价指数Producer Price IndexPOS machines 销售终端机Point Of SellsChartered plane 包机Down-payment requirement 首付要求Makeshift hospital 临时医院Bailout money 救助基金Domestic abuse 家庭虐待Home appliances 家用电器Quantitative easing 量化宽松Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸House of commons 下议院Deposit reserve requirement ratio 存款准备金率Cantonese Opera 粤剧Product placement ads 产品植入广告3.10年汉译英词汇中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics科学发展观Scientific outlook on development全面建设小康社会building a well-off society in an all-round way以人为本people oriented宏观经济调控macro economic control自主创新能力independent innovation capacity完善人民币汇率形成机制perfection of RMB exchange rate regime中西医并重pay equal attention to Chinese and western medicine突发事件应急管理机制Incidents and Emergency Management港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong构建两岸关系和平发展框架construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-straits relations知足常乐enough is as good as a feast水火无情fire and water have no mercy祸从口出careless talk leads to trouble一蹶不振collapse after one setback4.11年汉译英词汇经济刺激方案economic stimulus package包容性增长inclusive growth落地签证landing visa黑帮sinister gang厨房重地，闲人免进kitchen staff only二房东sublessor紧凑型轿车compact car潜规则hidden rule留守儿童unattended children良性循环virtuous circle无党派人士nonparty personage下半旗致哀hang out flag half high玩忽职守neglect of duty拆迁费relocation compensation贫富两极分化the polarization between the rich and the poor二、四川外国语词汇翻译1.10年英译汉deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸force majeure 不可抗力carbon dioxide 二氧化碳magic realism 魔幻现实主义OED 军械工程处Ordnace Engineering Divisionthe APEC CEO Summit 亚太经合组织领导人峰会UNFCCC 联合国气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeOn the Origin of Species 《物种起源》multipolarity 多极化ceoeriticism 生态批评thriller film 惊悚片FOB 离岸价格Free On Boardoptimize economic structure 优化经济结构overall revitalization 全面振兴Silicon Valley 硅谷2.11年英译汉Diesel oil 柴油Border fence 边境围栏Odd number 奇数Lyrical poem 抒情诗Cognitive psychology 认知心理学UNESCO 联合国教科文组织WTO 世界贸易组织A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》Trade show 展销会Environmental justice 环境正义Inverse translation 逆翻译CIF 到岸价格Cost, Insurance and Freight (成本加保险费加运费)Black Europe 黑欧洲Symphony orchestra 交响乐队Armistice Day 停战日3.10年汉译英社会主义和谐社会The socialist harmonious society白条blank note共赢win-win硕士点master degree program钉子户Nail household次贷危机subprime crisis金砖四国BRICS亲子鉴定Paternity Testing打黑除恶Crime crackdown整顿小煤矿Rectifying Small Coal Mines中国大陆Mainland China教师休息室Teachers’ lounge混合动力汽车Hybrid Electric Vehicle四项基本原则Four Fundamental Principles发展是硬道理Development is an unyielding principle4.11年汉译英东盟ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations残奥会Paralymic Games廉租房low-rent housing钓鱼岛Diaoyu Island公务用车official vehicle不可抗力force majeure论文答辩thesis oral defense再生能源renewable energy人均排放per capita emissions实体经济the real economy第三产业tertiary industry包容性增长inclusive growth野生动物园wildlife park世博展馆Expo Hall与台湾关系法Taiwan Relations Act三、南开大学词汇翻译10年EU 欧盟European UnionFAO 联合国粮食与农业组织Food and Agriculture OrganizationL/C 信用证Letter of CreditOECD 经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development POD 货到付款Pay On DeliveryWTO 世界贸易组织NASA 美国国家航空航天局National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationOPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CountriesUNESCO 联合国教科文组织Account balance 两讫（指卖方货已付清,买方款已付清）Automated teller machine 自动取款机Checks and balances 制衡Most-favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇Installment plan 分期付款Bonded good 保税货物报关Declaration恶性循环Vicious circle节能Energy Saving贸易顺差Trade surplus优惠关税Preferential duty购货合同Purchase contract安检Security Check战略伙伴关系Strategic Partnership安理会常任理事国Permanent members of the Security Council关贸总协定GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade自负盈亏be responsible for one’s profits and loss政企分开separates government functions from enterprise management液晶显示器LCD Display Liquid Crystal Display载人航天计划Manned space program外向型经济Export-oriented economy四、四川大学词汇翻译10年OECD 经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development NASA 美国国家航空航天局National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationIAEA 国际原子能机构International Atomic Energy AgencyASEM 亚欧会议Asia-Europe MeetingUNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Association of Southeast Asian NationsAPEC 亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationIPR 知识产权 intellectual property rightCEPA 关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement SSM 特殊保障机制Special Safeguard Mechanism for developing membersSubprime Mortgage Crisis 次贷危机Free Trade Agreement 自由贸易协定Bonded warehouse 保税仓库Binary opposition 二元对立Encyclopedia Britannica 《大英百科全书》《论语》Confucian Analects《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions扫黄打非fight against pornographic and illegal publications西部大开发Development of West Regions高度自治high degree of autonomy发烧门诊Fever Clinics转基因食品GM food Genetically Modified小排量汽车Low-Emission Vehicle温室气体排放green house gases emission创业板Growth Enterprise Market board中国特色社会主义市场经济Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics外交庇护diplomatic asylum摸着石头过河wading across the stream by feeling the way稳健的货币政策prudent fiscal and monetary policies选秀talent show五、厦门大学词汇翻译1.10年英译汉NEET 啃老族Not in education, employment or trainingGlobal warming 全球变暖Unfired 无生气的APEC Summit 亚太经合组织峰会The A (H1N1) virus 甲型H1NI病毒Arbor Day 植树节The in-thing 流行事物S omebody’s cup of tea正中下怀Infotainment 新闻娱乐化Average Joe 平常人Moon away 虚度时光Put two and two together 根据事实推理Give the floor to 给予发言权Disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子Scrap-newspaper 可回收的旧报纸2.11年英译汉UCLA 加州大学洛杉矶分校University of California, Los AngelesInfotainment 信息娱乐化The “Mathew Effect”马太效应European monetary integration 欧洲货币一体化China Rose 朱槿IAEA 国际原子能机构Sock puppet 马甲Honor system 荣誉制度Forewarned is forearmed 有备无患Write unsolicited testimonials 主动提供意见Vital statistics 人口统计Concept album 概念专辑Scale back production 规模生产Possible repercussions of our actions 行动的潜在危险Memorandum of Understanding for the Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases between the Department of Health and Human Services of the United Status of America and the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China.《美国卫生与公众服务部和中国卫生部关于新闻和再发传染病合作项目的谅解备忘录》3.10年汉译英知识产权intellectual property right （IPR）中国最适合居住的十大城市top ten liveable cities in China盗版软件pirated software产能过剩over-capacity of production晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbearing战国时期Warring States Period打造国际知名品牌building up world-famous brands海洋科学研究所Institute of Oceanographic Sciences安全饮用水Safe drinking water农民工migrant worker暗箱操作under table dealing老人节Aged People’s Day科幻小说science fiction万有引力定律the law of gravity前苏联USSR4.11年汉译英小道消息grapevine news种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆as you sow, so will you reap次贷危机subprime lending crisis《三国演义》the romance of the Three Kingdoms海宝HaiBao闪婚flash marriage《不见不散》Be There or Be Square摆架子put on airs上海五国第九次峰会the ninth summit of Shanghai Five保兑银行confirming bank本命年year of fate补缺选举by-election不以物喜，不以己悲keep a peaceful mind布达拉宫Potala Palace《论语》Confucian Analects六、中山大学词汇翻译1.10年英译汉CIF 成本加保险费加运费（到岸价格）DJ Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数The Renaissance 文艺复兴Meteor storm 流星雨Intangible asset 无形资产Insurance policy 保险单Immune system disorders 免疫系统紊乱Exchange rate 汇率Fiscal deficit 财政赤字Silicon Valley 硅谷Brain drain 人才外流Oedipus complex 恋母情结Force Majeure 不可抗力(irresistible force)Multilateral cooperation 多边合作Epidemic disease 传染病2.11年英译汉Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度Due diligence 尽职调查Corporate governance 公司治理Code of conduct 行为准则Corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器扩散Market positioning 市场定位Global sourcing 全球采购Anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施HSBC 汇丰银行The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Time to market 上市时间Carbon trading 碳交易Alternative energy 替代能源Deforestation 砍伐森林Cradle of human civilization人类文明的摇篮3.10年汉译英半导体semiconductor知识产权intellectual property right （IPR）酸雨acid rain人均国内生产总值real GDP per capita外资企业overseas-funded enterprise自由撰稿人freelancer温室效应greenhouse effect贸易顺差trade surplus货币贬值currency devaluation高血压hypertension违约责任responsibility for breach of contract可再生能源renewable energy主权国家sovereign state扩大内需expand domestic demand民意调查opinion poll4.11年汉译英多边合作multilateral cooperation可持续发展sustainable development试行阶段the pilot phase应急计划emergency plan污水处理sewage treatment全球变暖global warming新闻发布会press conference市场占有率market share研发中心Research and Development Center跨国犯罪transnational crime八国峰会G8 Summit数字鸿沟digital divide毒品贩运drug trafficking国有企业State-owned enterprise企业文化enterprise culture七、中南大学词汇翻译10年Market access 市场准入Venture investment 风险投资Trade liberalization 贸易自由化Ecosystem 生态系统Artificial intelligence 人工智能Innovation-incentive mechanism 创新激励机制The Millennium Development Goals 千年发展目标The Beijing Olympic Mascots 北京奥运吉祥物Cultural heritage 文化遗产National treatment 国民待遇NPC 全国人民代表大会National People's CongressIMF 国际货币基金组织International Monetary FundUNDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Development Programme IAEA 国际原子能机构UNESCO 联合国教科文组织信、达、雅faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance功能对等functional equivalence团队精神team spirit统筹兼顾give overall consideration自主创业become self-employed建设节约型社会build a conservation-minded society公益性文化事业non-profit cultural programs从善如流readily following good advice两元经济结构dual economic structure科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development“一站式”办公One-Stop services更快，更高，更强swifter, higher, stronger加强务实合作deepen practical cooperation生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanism趋利避害go after profits and avoid disadvantages八、对外经贸大学词汇1.10年英译汉Dynamic equivalence 动态对等Miss the boat 错失良机Spill the beans 说漏嘴Semiotic dimension 符号学层次Postscript 附言，后记Outsourcing 外包Transliteration 音译Tit for tat 以牙还牙，以眼还眼Black sheep 害群之马Over-translation 过度翻译MOU 谅解备忘录Memorandum of UnderstandingGDP 国内生产总值Gross Domestic ProductPOW 战俘prisoner of warCPU 中央处理器Central Processing UnitLC 国会图书馆Library of CongressNGO 非政府组织non-governmental organizationBBS 网络论坛电子公告牌系统Bulletin Board SystemLCD 液晶显示器WHO 世界卫生组织EAP 员工帮助计划Employee Assistance Program2.11年英译汉Blog 博客Facebook 脸谱网Twitter 推特Bloomberg 彭博社Game theory 博弈论Yellow pages 黄页Private equity 私有股份Trade deficit 贸易逆差Bill of lading 提货单Tertiary industry 第三产业ASEAN 东盟（东南亚国家联盟）CAT 计算机辅助翻译Computer Aided TranslationCNN 美国有线电视新闻网Cable News NetworkHBS 哈佛大学商学院Harvard Business SchoolHEC 高能化学High Energy Chemistry一种关于最小物质粒子的理论.MFN 最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatmentIMF 国际货币基金组织IPO 首次公开募股initial public offeringsUNCTAD 联合国贸易和发展会议United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNESCO 联合国教科文组织3.10年汉译英电子商务E-Commerce对冲基金Hedge Fund次贷危机subprime crisis山寨手机emulating mobile phone暗箱操作under table dealing本末倒置put the cart before the horse破釜沉舟break the cooking pots and sink the boats网恋web romance科学发展观scientific outlook on development和谐社会harmonious society4.11年汉译英分期付款installment payments达人秀talent show次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis朝核会议North Korea nuclear meeting国富论The Wealth of Nations印花税stamp-duty经济适用房economically affordable housing节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction以人为本people oriented新教伦理protestant ethic九、首都师范大学词汇翻译1.10年英译汉NPT 防止核扩散条约Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear WeaponsComfort woman 慰安妇Cultural industry 文化产业Open economy 开放型经济Non-profit organization 非营利组织Interior Ministry 内政部Down payment 首付IMF 国际货币基金组织NATO 北大西洋公约组织North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationA stock exchange 证券交易所The State Council 国务院Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Anti-dumping 反倾销Breaking news 突发新闻National census 人口普查2.11年英译汉Government bailout 政府资金援助Ecocide 生态灭绝Currency appreciation 货币升值IOC 国际奥委会International Olympic CommitteeGPS 全球定位系统Global Positioning SystemDeflation 通货紧缩NPC 全国人民代表大会Cover story 封面故事Countervailing duty 反补贴税Malthusianism 马尔萨斯人口论Box office 票房Ecological compensation system 生态补偿系统The Book of Songs 《诗经》The Divine Comedy 《神曲》3.10年汉译英出口配额Export quota贸易逆差trade deficit财政赤字financial deficits中国人民政治协商会议CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 外资企业overseas-funded enterprises人才市场human resource market珠江三角洲Pearl River Delta网络犯罪Cyber Crime易经Book of Changes生物恐怖主义Bioterrorism美国参议员US senator联合国教科文组织UNESCO万维网World-Wide-Web美国国会US Congress女权主义feminism4.11年汉译英不可再生资源non-renewable resources遏制通货膨胀curb the inflation股市指数stock exchange index公务员civil servant素质教育education for all-around development扩大内需expand domestic demand超前消费excessive consumption国际法主体subject of international law网络空间cyberspace合法权益legitimate rights and interests少数民族地区ethnic minority areas货币政策monetary policy国际法准则the principles of international law长期国债long-term government bonds十、北京航空航天大学词汇翻译10年Corpus 语料库Commission 佣金Adequacy 恰当Compensation 补偿Direct translation 直译Dubbing 配音；转录Terminology 术语Transliteration 音译FIT 散客Foreign Independent TouristAddition 附加Sublanguage 次语言Translatability 可译性MT 机器翻译machine translationVersion 译本Transcription 手抄本重写rewrite翻译单位translation unit地道翻译native translation词对词翻译word for word translation对应corresponding工具型翻译instrumental translation归化domestication回译back translation会议传译conference interpretation伪朋友false friends经纪人broker可接受性acceptability目的语target language受控语言controlled language文体对等stylistic equivalence十一、广东外语外贸大学词汇翻译10年CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议UNESCO 联合国教科文组织ASEM 亚欧会议China-ASEAN Expo 中国-东盟博览会SWOT analysis 优劣势分析strengths优势、weaknesses劣势、opportunities机遇、threats 威胁Global Sourcing 全球采购Information asymmetry 信息不对称Shanghai World Expo 上海世界博览会Innocent presumption 无罪推定原则The Civil Law System 大陆法系The Book of Rites 《礼记》Mencius 《孟子》Consecutive Interpreting 交替传译The House of Commons 议会下院A Farewell To Arms 《永别了，武器》全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)外交部the Ministry of Foreign Affairs会展经济Exhibition Economy注册会计师Certified Public Accountant次贷危机subprime crisis董事会the board of directors中国证监会the China Securities Regulatory Commission廉政公署Independent Commission Against Corruption暂行规定Tentative Provisions有罪推定presumption of guilt佛经翻译Buddhism Translation百年老店century-old shop《论语》Confucian Analects《三国演义》The Romance of Three Kingdoms南方都市报Southern Metropolitan十二、天津外国语词汇翻译11年The Internet of Things 物联网Economic turnaround 经济好转Stamp duty 印花税Subprime crisis 次贷危机Real economy 实体经济CPI 消费价格指数Consumer Price IndexUNESCO 联合国教科文组织Ecocide 生态灭绝Property bobble 房地产泡沫Down payment 首付Conglomerate 联合企业You Tube 国外视频分享网站名DJ 唱片播放员Disc jockeyIDD 国际直播长途电话international direct dialHard news 重要新闻Side event 附属活动Government watchdog 政府监督机构Carbon footprint 碳足迹Twitter 微博客（推特）Funemployment失业乐活（用于形容在意外失业之后因享受空闲而感到的快乐）借词loan word全球变暖global warming经济不景气economic recession经济适用房economically affordable housing节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction面向基层grass-root client-oriented反腐倡廉anti-corruption and building an honest government 法治国家a country under the rule of law生态文明eco-civilization误解misunderstanding非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage执政为民governing for the people生态移民ecological migration对等词equivalent民意测验opinion poll年度风云人物man of the year举报电话informants’ hot-line抢占科技制高点takes an avant-garde position of technology 推进政务公开make government affairs public保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全secure the food supply十三、南京航空航天大学词汇翻译11年Laser printer 激光打印机Space shuttle 航天飞机Integrated circuit 集成电路Silicon chip 硅片Landing gear 起落架Aircraft carrier 航空母舰UNESCO 联合国教科文组织CPI 消费价格指数EU 欧洲联盟Real estate 不动产Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制King James Bible 英王詹姆斯钦定本《圣经》Capitol 美国国会大厦Secretary of State 国务卿Halloween 万圣节飞机维护手册Aircraft Maintenance Manual交流电alternating current环境保护environmental protection高等学校institution of higher learning奥林匹克运动会Olympic Games私营企业private enterprise博士生导师PhD supervisor自动飞行系统automatic flight system社会科学social science南航China Southern Airline外资foreign capital科学普及popular science空姐airhostess春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala两弹一星two bombs and one satellite十四、浙江师范大学词汇翻译11年Babel 巴别塔(通天塔)Intralingual translation 语内翻译Equivalence 对等Patronage 赞助Polysystem 多远系统Simultaneous interpreting 同声传译Untranslatability 不可译性Domesticating strategy 驯化策略Translation norms 翻译规范Pseudotranslation 伪翻译Lawrence Venuti 劳伦斯·韦努蒂SL texts 源语言文本Prescriptive approach 指定作业教学法Skopos theory 目的论Deconstruction 解构理论可接受性acceptability改编adaptation回译back translation计算机辅助翻译CAT异化foreignizing社群传译community interpreting文化转向cultural turn国际译联IFT International Federation of Translators 功能对等functional equivalence不确定性uncertainty联络传译liaison interpreting操纵学派school of manipulation显性翻译overt translation平行语料库parallel corpus语义翻译semantic translation十五、辽宁师范大学词汇翻译11年Treasury security 国债Carry-on luggage 手提行李Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》Warm-up exercise 热身运动UNESCO 联合国教科文组织Dear money policy 高利政策Wikileaks 维基解密Sustainable development 可持续发展Patriot missile 爱国者导弹LCD 液晶显示器Plastic beauty 整形美容Institutional innovation 体制创新Figure skating 花样滑冰Blue-chip share 蓝筹股碳排放carbon emission节能减排energy saving and emission reduction给力gelivable中国人民政治协商会议CPPCC纽约证券交易所NYSE转基因食品GM food最惠国待遇MFN抵押贷款mortgage loan三国演义the Romance of Three Kingdoms欧元区euro area网恋cyber love下岗职工laid-off worker外商直接投资foreign direct investment水中捞月make vain efforts畅销书best-seller十六、浙江工商大学词汇翻译11年EU 欧洲联盟（欧盟）GDP 国内生产总值WHO 世界卫生组织ATM 自动取款机Mafia 黑手党ASEAN 东盟IELTS 雅思考试International English Language Testing System Yuppie 雅皮士Easter 复活节UNESCO 联合国教科文组织Cinderella 灰姑娘Ivy League 常春藤联校Virtual economy 虚拟经济Oedipus complex 恋母情结House of Commons 下议院工会labor union黑客hacker北极the North Pole故宫the Imperial Palace国画traditional Chinese painting孔子Confucian京剧Beijing Opera国务院the State Council丝绸之路the Silk Road鸦片战争the Opium War人力资源human resource人口普查population census信息高速公路information superhighway中国人民解放军PLA People's Liberation Army全国人民代表大会NPC十七、华南理工大学11年OPEC 石油输出国组织BRIC 金砖四国MPA 公共管理硕士Master of Public AdministrationCIA 美国中央情报局Central Intelligence AgencyNASA 美国国家航空航天局UNESCO 联合国教科文组织IOC 国际奥委会Silicon Valley 硅谷Trade surplus 贸易顺差Carbon footprint 碳足迹Venture capital 风险资本Fixed asset 固定资产Value added tax 增值税Kyoto Protocol 京都议定书Cast pearls before a swine 对牛弹琴社保体系social security system不良贷款non-performing loan恶性循环vicious circle中介服务intermediary services访问学者visiting scholar不可再生资源non-renewable resources财政收入fiscal revenue多元文化社会multicultural society义务教育compulsory education森林覆盖率forest coverage rate基础设施建设infrastructure construction可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development流动人口floating population实况转播live broadcast外交豁免权diplomatic immunity十八、青岛大学11年NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement KGB 克格勃Reuters 路透社Organizations of civil society 公民社会组织Euromoney 欧洲货币HSBC 汇丰银行EU 欧盟ASEAN 东盟Nanotechnology 纳米技术CEO 首席执行官Chief Executive Officer节约型社会economical society环保产品environmental friendly products中国入世China’s entry into WTO固定资产fixed assets全国人民代表大会NPC保护消费者合法权益protect consumers’ legitimate rights and interests 转基因食品GM food贸易壁垒trade barrier数字鸿沟digital divide网民netizen (cyber citizen)十九、燕山大学11年UNFAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UPI 合众国际社United Press InternationalIOC 国际奥委会CIA 美国中央情报局UNGA 联合国大会United Nations General AssemblyGDP 国内生产总值WHO 世界卫生组织Federal Reserve System 美联储Aging society 老龄化社会Trade deficit 贸易逆差Junk food 垃圾食品The United States Secretary of Labor 美国劳工部部长The Engel’s Coefficient恩格尔系数Boxing Day 节礼日La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象公务员civil servant恶性循环vicious circle安定团结stability and unity综合国力overall national strength流行文化pop culture旅游黄金周golden week for tourism天道酬勤God helps those who help themselves经济全球化economic globalization资源配置allocation resources《中庸》The Doctrine of Mean扬长避短play to one’s strengths外向型经济export-oriented economy科学发展观scientific outlook on development和为贵harmony is what matters留得青山在，不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.。
2011研究生入学考试试卷翻译硕士英语A卷
10. He is getting better ____ degrees, but it will be some time before he is completely well. A. in B. by C. to D. of
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11. The rescue was ____ after several abortive attempts because the snowstorm was getting worse. A. deserted C. ceased B. abandoned D. rejected
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Those joint ventures in China enjoy certain ____ that other enterprises do not. A. advantages B. privileges C. priorities D. rights
For an unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Progress in fundamental research is mostly due to "fluctuations", name, sudden changes due to intellectual breakthroughs. Without such a "catalyzing" element, even the most extensive investments in term of resources will not be effective. In science, one makes many more progress out of a single innovative idea than the steady effort of hundred of more conventional
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of? EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that alread y have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sens e of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．on on in in12．vain effect return contrast13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldma n Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directo rs are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. The y fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, thefirm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable becausethey .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Econ omic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who likeother people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means t hat less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for exam ple, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and pro portions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influen ce on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, we aker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is st uck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing forgovernments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: ., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck beca use the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting publ ic health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.“Thirty years ago, it would hav e been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “if children ar e taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between and grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and notjust by big companies.Section IV?? WritingPart A: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has been admitted to a him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her, and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B: write an essay based on the following chart .In your writing you should1)interpret the chart ,and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1参考答案21．A。
2011翻译硕士英语A
机密★启用前北京第二外国语学院2011年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：211 翻译硕士英语满分：100分考试说明：请将答案写在指定答题纸上，若答在试卷上，则该科成绩无效。
Part I Grammar and Vocabulary (30 points )Section A Multiple-choice (15 points)Directions: There are 60 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1. The doctors don't ______ that he will live much longer.A) articulate B) anticipate C) manifest D) monitor2. I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite ______.A) eligible B) sustainable C) probable D) feasible3. The old gentleman was a very ______ looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.A) respectful B) respected C) respective D) respectable4. This book is expected to ______ the best-seller lists.A) promote B) prevail C) dominate D) exemplify5. That part of the city has long been ______ for its street violence.A) notorious B) responsible C) historical D) illegal6. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ______ by steamA) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled7. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.A) expanding B) stretching C) prolonging D) extending8. England's team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to______ themselves for last year's defeat.A) revive B) retort C) revenge D) remedy9. If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to ______ away all the rocks.A) haul B) transfer C) repel D) dispose10. It took us only a few hours to ______ the paper off all four walls.A) shear B) scrape C) stroke D) chip11. The famous scientist ______ his success to hard work.A) imparted B) granted C) ascribed D) acknowledged12. It is difficult to ______ of a plan to end poverty.A) speculate B) conceive C) ponder D) reckon13. Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated14. Improved consumer confidence is ______ to an economic recovery.A) crucial B) subordinate C) cumulative D) satisfactory15. Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an ______ and orderly fashion.A) incredible B) intricate C) internal D) initial16. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.A) waxy B) slippery C) sticky D) greasy17. The damage to his car was ______; therefore, he could repair it himself.A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible18. My sister is quite ______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A) aggressive B) enthusiastic C) considerate D) ambitious19. The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ______ details that would be settled later.A) versatile B) trivial C) preliminary D) alternate20. His ______ was telling him that something was wrong.A) intuition B) hypothesis C) inspiration D) sentiment21. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important ______ of American life.A) fashions B) frontiers C) facets D) formats22. Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise23. Clark felt that his ______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A) apprehension B) appreciation C) presentation D) participation24. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career.A) threshold B) edge C) porch D) course25. The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.A) protecting B) guarding C) defending D) shielding26. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______.A) dim B) obscure C) conspicuous D) intelligible27. This movie is not ______ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.A) profound B) valid C) decent D) upright28. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ______ into fragments.A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up29. The detective and his assistant have begun to ______ the mysterious murder.A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to30. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of ______.A) extinction B) migration C) destruction D) extraction31. Occasionally she and Philip ___________ little pictures.A)would go out and paint B) were used to going out and paintingC) could go out and paint D) used to going out and painting32. __________disappoint them he did two quick tricks.A) Rather than B) Neither C) Instead D) Other than33. _________ studying English, you should read widely and speak more.A) Regardless of B) With regard toC)As regard D) With regarding34. The police suggested that the motive for the crime ______jealousy.A) is B) should be C) be D) was35. Every attention must be paid to him, lest he ______that he is inferior to my other guests.A) feel B) would feel C) felt D) feels36. He wrote to the graduate school to _______ about the doctorate study in Washington University.A) acquire B) request C)inquire D)require37. My school was traditional, but more ___________ than other public schools.A) long B) lasting C) crafty D) liberal38.The refugees wouldn‘t survive the ______ winter.A) vigorous B) tedious C) flat D) harsh39.They happily _______ the existence of opinions contrary to their own.A) resist B) tolerate C) sustain D) undergo40. _______ these criticism, I shall attempt to justify my action.A) Mindful of B) Awkward of C) Ignorant of D) Shy on41. Different people have the most ___________ ideas about what is important in life.A) versatile B) vague C) verbal D) varied42. Brook has been Baldwin‘s most dangerous and _______ adversary for many years.A) conservative B) considerate C) considerable D) consistent43. That was a terrible piece of work you ________the other day. I could hardly believe it was yours.A) turn downed B) turned to C) turned up D) turned in44. The enemy are ___________ their offensive capacity along the border.A) building on B) building up C) building out D) building off45. Success or failure here would be crucial to his future ________.A) proposals B) prospects C)promises D) privileges46.They _______ to the public taste for sentimental plays.A) satisfy B) cater C) provide D) supply47. It must have ________ him unconscious for a considerable period.A) rendered B) grew C) took D) turned48. What would you do if you faced a carefully premeditated and carefully _____crime?A) presided B) administered C)mastered D)executed49.The plans for a new airport have been scrapped ________ an extension to the old one.A) in line with B) in place of C) in honor of D) in favor of50. I am well aware that we all _________ to one stereotype or another.A) adhere B)conform C) reflect D) satisfy51. The labor union_______ a 35-hour week in order to create more jobs.A) sponsors B) advocates C)contributes D)performs52. I should hate to be__________ within the four walls of an office all day.A) limited B) restricted C) confined D) restrained53.________ him as a writer I do not like him as a man.A) As I much admire B) Much as I admireC) Much admire as I D) However I much admire54. _________ interesting to us, but also its English will help us in composition.A) Not only the novel will be B) Not only will the novel beC) Not only will be the novel D) Only will the novel be55. It‘s about time that somebody _______ you to behave yourself.A) teach B) will teach C) taught D) teaches56. What amazes me is her complete _________for anyone else's opinion.A) disregard B) despair C) dismissal D) dispute57. You could ___________having a huge debt to pay off if you're not careful.A) turn to B) result in C) wind up D) incline to58. Biologists __________animals and plants into groups.A) classify B) regard C) label D) take59. You mustn't let your social life ______________of your studies.A) take charge B) set aside C) keep track D) get in the way60. There's no point ____________about it－just do as you are told.A) to argue B) argue C) arguing D) being arguing Section B Error-correction (15 points)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line .You may change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is becoming the literature of our periods. Many of 1 . time arguments having used for the study of literature as a school 2 . /subject are valid for ^ study of television. 3. the study When you start talking about good and bad manners you immediatelystart meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot agree with what they mean.We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-manneredperson on the way they occupied the space around them-for example.___61____ When such a person walks down a street he or she is constantlyunware of others. Such people never bump into other people. ____62______ However, a second person thought that this was more a question ofcivilized behavior as good manners. Instead, he told us a story, ___63_____it he said was quite popular, about an American who had been invited__64___to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The __65___Americans hasn‘t been told much about the food he might expect.___66___If he had known about American food, he might have behaved better.___67___ Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, tohim, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar,___68____so that it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching,___69___said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest.____70____And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A Fast-reading (20 points)Directions:There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followedby some questions. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage oneQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.Tides are created mainly by t he pull of the moon on the earth. The moon‘s pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at the point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon, on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal ‗waves‘ follow the apparent m ovement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coastline at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty–five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point.Hence, most coastlines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coastline and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the times that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coastline. The difference in water level between high and low tides varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon. When the sun andthe moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at right angles to one another, the tide is lower.The formation of the coastline and variations in the weather are additional factors, which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the store may also cause tides to be higher.71. Which of the following may be concluded from the information presented in the passage?A) Some coastlines do not have two tides each dayB) Tides usually rise to the same level day after dayC) Tides are not affected by the shape of a coastlineD) The sun has as much effect on tides as does the moon72. The time that high tide occurs at a particular place is affected by all of the following except __________.A) the position of the moonB) the direction of the windC) channels in the sea bottomD) variations in the coastline73. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the pull of the sun on the earth?A) It determines the time of high tide.B) It is about twice the pull of the moon.C) It determines the time of low tide.D) It is about half the pull of the moon.74. If one high tide occurs at 10:00 a.m., the next high tide at the some point will occur at about _____________.A) 7:25 a. m. the same dayB) 7:50 p.m. the same dayC) 10:25 p.m. the same dayD) 1:50 a.m. the next day75. The height of the tide is affected by all of the following except _______.A) the position of the sunB) the direction of the windC) variations in the coastlineD) channels in the sea bottomPassage twoQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industriesconcentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction - the firm and the customer - and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!76. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ____.A) the practice of turning goods into moneyB) making goods available for purchaseC) the customer-centered approachD) a form of persuasive salesmanship77. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A) The needs of the market.B) The efficiency of production.C) The satisfaction of the user.D) The preferences of the dealer.78. According to the passage, "to move as much of these goods as possible" (Lines 3-4, Para. 1) means "______".A) to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB) to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC) to dispose of these goods in large quantitiesD) to redesign these goods for large-scale production79. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.80. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on _____.A) its main characteristicB) its social impactC) its possible consequenceD) its theoretical basisPassage threeQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.Four of the most common human allergies are directly caused by substances in the air we breathe. Asthma is a lung condition that causes coughing, wheezing, and great difficulty in breathing; asthma may be made worse by the victims‘ inhaling cigarette smoke or by air pollution. Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus cavities in the skull around the nose and eyes. The inflammation is caused by inhaling dust, mold, or pollen, and the condition may last only a short while, or it may be chronic. Allergic eczema is an itching rash on the neck, legs, or arms; some people assume that these areas of the body have contacted a food or drug to become affected by allergic eczema, but very often the condition is caused by inhaling mold or pollen.The most common of all allergies is, of course, hay fever. The running eyes and nose, itchy throat, sneezing, and coughing that we call hay fever are caused by inhaling pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds. The allergy is not really an allergy to hay, and sufferers from hay fever may not really have a fever, though often they are miserable enough to assume they have a fever. There is no season of the year that is ―safe‖ for someone suffering form hay fever; early in the spring, most trees are producing pollen, in the early summer, pollen form grasses fills the air; in the fall, the air is full pollen from seeds.Nor is any part of the country safe for the allergy victim. Years ago, doctors prescribed moving to desert areas that were free of the pollen that caused these allergies. Now that prescription is ineffective. Irrigation has brought more plants to the deserts and, ironically, the allergy sufferers all planted lawns and trees and brought their houseplants with them.81. The purpose of this passage is to_________A) discuss the causes of hay fever.B) discuss the process of pollination.C) discuss briefly four of the most common human allergies.D) compare hay fever to three other allergies.82. According to the passage, which of the following allergies does not cause discomfort in the breathing system?A) Sinusitis. B) Asthma. C) Hay fever. D) Eczema.83. It can be concluded from the passage that_______A) some allergies can be fatal.B) all allergies have basically the same symptomsC) some people are more sensitive to air-irritants than other people.D) hay fever is more dangerous than any of the other three allergies.84. The passage suggests that ____________.A) some allergy victims help to create situations that worsen their symptoms.B) allergies can now be cured with antibiotics.C) the desert is now more dangerous for allergy victims than is the city.D) most allergies are the result of contact with certain foods and drugs.85. As used in this passage, the word chronic means ___________.A) preventive. B) clinical. C) lasting. D) gradual.Passage fourQuestions 86 to 90 are based on the following passage.Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more . Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another‘s competitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul V olcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. ―It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,‖ says Dr. Cline, ―And there must be an expectation ofpatience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.‖86. What is the main idea of this passage?A) The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.B) The result of the U.S. falling dollar.C) The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.D) Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.87. In the sentence: ―Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more .‖ A word is absent. Choose a proper for it.A) weak B)available C) important D) competitive88. What does the word ―rally‖ mean?A) prosperity B) decline C) richness D) import.89 Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?A) Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.B) Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.C) Because it may do damage to their trade.D) Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.90. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in, what would happen?A) The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.B) The U.S. economy might face serious problems.C) Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.D)Inflation could flare up.Section B Questions and Answers ( 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage and answer questions.WASHINGTON, Sept. 23 – The House of Representatives, which prides itself on being ―the people‘s House.‖ Has been turning into a rich man‘s club.The representatives newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first-term lawmakers elected only six years before, according to a new study based one the members‘ financial reports. Behind this remarkable a swing, the study says, are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous growth in the cost of pursuing a seat in Congress. As a result, it is increasingly difficult for candidates of modest means, particularly women, to mount successful challenges to entrenched office holders.One solution, the authors contend, is a system of public financing for campaigns,but Congress seems in no mood to change the political rules any time soon.―The lower cha mber is going upper class,‖ said Mark Green, the president of The Democracy Project, a public policy institute based in New York. ―But this evolution from a House of Representatives to a House of Lords denies the diversity of our democracy. It establishes a de facto property qualification for office that increasingly says: low and middle income need not apply.‖The Democracy Project produced the study in cooperation with the United States Public Interest Research Group, a similar institute situated in Washington. But their research was not entirely theoretical. In 1980 Mr. Green was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress in New York‘s 15th District, in Manhattan. The winner was Bill Green, one of the wealthiest members of Congress. Members of Congress must report their assets in broad categories, not exact numbers, so the figures in the study are not precise. But the minimum average wealth of the 43 lawmakers first elected last year was $251,292. Six years earlier, the 74 new members reported an average of only $41,358 in assets. With inflation figured in, the increase was almost 400 percent in real terms. Moreover, financial data on the class of 1978 indicated only one millionaire, William F. Clinger Jr., a Pennsylvania Republican. Last y ear‘s newcomers included 15 possible millionaires, more than a third of the entire group. Topping the list was Joseph J. Dioguardi, a Westchester Republican, who listed assets of $1 million to $2.46 million.The main reason for the change, Mr. Green maintains, is the Supreme Court decision of 1976 in the case of Buckley V. Valeo. In that case, the Court ruled that limits mandated by Congress on the amount a candidate could give to his or her own campaign were an unconstitutional abridgment of individual rights. At the same time, the Court upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders. ―Quite naturally‖, Mr. Green said, ―this puts a premium on personal wealth.The 43 Representatives newly elected in 1984 spent an average of $459,344; of that, $50,329 was their own money in an average case. Eight of the 43 spent more than $100,000 in personal funds but the clear leader was Tommy F. Robinson, an Arkansas Democrat, who contributed $441, 167 to his own campaign. Mr. DioGuardi was next with a personal donation of $210,000. The Senate Puts an even higher premium on wealth. Last year the average candidate for the Senate spent $2 million, and the roster of millionaires in the Senate is steadily growing.The second factor putting a premium on personal wealth, Mr. Green argues, is the rapid rise of political action committees. They tend to favor incumbents with their campaign contributions, and a result, Mr. Green says, is that it takes a wealthy challenger to make a race of things. One apparent effect is the obstacle this poses for women who run for Congress. While women in rapidly rising numbers are capturing local and state offices, their representation on the national level has stayed static. The class of 1984 included only two women: Helen D. Bentley of Maryland and Jan Meyers of Kansas, both Republicans. ―It is largely men who control wealth in America,‖ Mr. Green said, ―and if wealth is a major variable in political success, that automatically means more men will run and win.‖ Fred Wertheimer, president of Common Cause, the public affairs lobby that studies campaign financing issues, summed up the situation this way: ―Today, if you‘re not personally wealthy, and you‘re not willing to indebt yourself to the PA C‘s, you face an uphill struggle just to get your message on the table.The。
重庆大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年
重庆大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、请用汉语解释下列词语或现象。
(总题数：24，分数：60.00)1.索罗斯（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：索罗斯：全名乔治·索罗斯，美国籍犹太裔商人，著名的慈善家，货币投机家，股票投资者和政治行动主义分子。
现任索罗斯基金管理公司和开放社会研究所主席，是外交事务委员会董事会前成员。
他在格鲁吉亚的玫瑰革命中扮演了重要角色，曾在美国募集大量资金试图阻止乔治·布什再次当选总统。
乔治·索罗斯于2015年1月22日宣布终极退休，以后他不再管理投资，将全力推动慈善事业。
2.高盛（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：高盛：美国高盛集团，是一家国际领先的投资银行，德国移民马库斯·戈德曼于1869年创立，是全世界历史最悠久及规模最大的投资银行之一。
它向全球提供广泛的投资、咨询和金融服务，总部位于纽约，并在东京、伦敦和香港设有分部，在23个国家拥有41个办事处。
其所有运作都建立于紧密一体的全球基础上，同时拥有丰富的地区市场知识和国际运作能力。
3.神舟八号飞船（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：神舟八号飞船：是中国“神舟”系列飞船的第八艘飞船，是一艘无人飞船，飞船为三舱结构，由轨道舱、返回舱和推进舱组成。
2011考研英语真题完整版及答案
2011考研英语真题完整版及其答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state.__11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Thoseforced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony T ommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpr etentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for liveperformance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespre ad availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 th at Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revital izing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the u sual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time withthe board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get th e nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s beenfundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Parag raph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities tolearn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding thatchildren make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our m oods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if t hey shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthoodaren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit l ike Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a“general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academicswill continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”A cademic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is anin-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody t he external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’s int ended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研答案1-5 CDBBA6-10 BADCA11-15 BCDCB16-20 DADAC21-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41.B42. D43. A44.C45. F46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境50. 积极的一面是:机会是存在的，只要我们相信事在人为。
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12011年研究生学位英语考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Devastation of the FamineThe Great Famine that struck Ireland between 1845 and 1849 was a humanitarian catastrophe that resulted in the death of nearly a million people and the ____1____ of another two million.A series of potato blights, ____2____ by a fungus calledphytophthora infestans, caused the staple crop upon which a large proportion of the Irish population depended to fail repeatedly. The government, led by Sir Robert Peel initially responded by importing corn in an attempt to ____3____ the Irish population. However, the harsh economic circumstances of the time meant that poverty was widespread. There were impossible tolls to be paid just in order to transport the corn to local markets and the potato blight had spread to the only other crop the Irish could depend upon: oats.Word Bank:A) starvation B) plaguedC) escape D) sufferingE) provided F) deterioratingG) distributed H) deliverI) crumbling J) accompaniedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesIn 1858 Illinois held a series of seven public debates for a United States Senate seat between the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, and the Democratic candidate, Stephen Douglas. The debates were an integral part of the ______4____ and were intended to gain _____5____ crucial to their respective campaigns. Douglas was a well-known incumbent who had held the seat for two terms and was seeking re-election. Lincoln, a former one-term congressman and unsuccessful opponent of Douglas in the _____6____ election for the same seat, challenged him to a series of debates.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (40 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.1. The poor living conditions of children reflect their ________ status in society.A. relativelyB. immovableC. hazardousD. subordinate2. The corporation has fired a number of employees as part of a restructuring _______.A. bindingB. initiativeC. differentialD. libertyPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 30 points)A) Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions:7. What was the main focus of the Great Famine in Ireland?A. Social unrestB. Economic collapseC. Agricultural disasterD. Political corruption8. What caused the potato crops to fail repeatedly during the Great Famine?A. Pesticide overuseB. Harsh economic circumstancesC. Phytophthora infestansD. Sir Robert Peel's policiesPassage TwoQuestions:9. Who were the two candidates in the 1858 Illinois Senate debates?A. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen DouglasB. Stephen Douglas and John F. KennedyC. Abraham Lincoln and Barack ObamaD. Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln10. What was the role of the debates in the political campaigns of Lincoln and Douglas?A. To divide the votersB. To engage in intellectual discussionsC. To gain support from the publicD. To seek endorsements from prominent figuresPart IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.The Theory of Evolution is one of the most revolutionary scientific theories in the history of biology. Introduced by Charles Darwin in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," the theory proposes that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. The theory has had profound implications for our understanding of the natural world and has revolutionized the field of biology.2011年研究生学位英语考试答案解析Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A1. A) starvation2. B) plagued3. E) provided4. D) suffering5. H) deliver6. F) deteriorating7. C) Agricultural disaster8. C) Phytophthora infestansSection B4. B5. C6. A篇22011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析The Graduate School English Test (GRE) is an important examination that many students have to take in order to pursue advanced degrees in various fields. In 2011, the GRE exam had a specific format and set of questions that challenged the test takers' language skills and comprehension abilities. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2011 GRE exam, as well as offer detailed explanations for the answers to some of the questions.The 2011 GRE exam consisted of three main sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. The Verbal Reasoning section focused on assessing the test takers' ability to understand and analyze written passages, while the Quantitative Reasoning section tested their math skills. The Analytical Writing section required students to write two essays based on provided prompts.One of the questions from the Verbal Reasoning section in the 2011 GRE exam presented a passage about the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance. The question asked test takers to identify the main idea of the passage and choose the best possible answer. The correct answer was "B" which stated that biodiversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems.In the Quantitative Reasoning section, students encountered questions that tested their ability to solve math problems and apply mathematical concepts. One question in this section asked test takers to calculate the percentage of a certain number in relation to another number. The correct answer was determined by dividing the first number by the second number and multiplying the result by 100.In the Analytical Writing section, students had to write two essays that demonstrated their ability to think critically and express their ideas clearly. One of the prompts asked students to discuss the pros and cons of social media in society. Test takers were required to provide examples and evidence to support their arguments and present a well-structured essay.In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam was a challenging test that assessed students' language skills, math abilities, and criticalthinking skills. By preparing thoroughly and familiarizing themselves with the format of the exam, test takers were able to perform well and achieve high scores. Studying past GRE exams and practicing with sample questions can help students improve their test-taking abilities and increase their chances of success in the exam.篇32011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析Introduction:The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test that is required for admission to most graduate schools in the United States. It measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. In this document, we will take a look at the 2011 GRE exam, including sample questions and answer explanations to help you better prepare for the test.Verbal Reasoning Section:1. Sentence Equivalence:- Sample question: The author's writing style was so ________ that it was difficult to follow his arguments.- Options: A) convoluted B) lucid C) concise D) verbose E) ambiguous F) meticulous- Answer: A) convoluted- Explanation: The correct answer is convoluted because it means intricate or difficult to follow, which is the opposite of lucid (clear) and concise (succinct).2. Text Completion:- Sample question: The politician's speech was filled with empty promises and ________ rhetoric that failed to resonate with the audience.- Options: A) sincere B) insincere C) blunt D) persuasive E) ineffective- Answer: B) insincere- Explanation: The correct answer is insincere because it fits the context of the sentence, which is negative and suggests that the rhetoric was not genuine.Quantitative Reasoning Section:1. Multiple Choice:- Sample question: If a car travels at a speed of 60 miles per hour, how far will it have traveled in 3 hours?- Options: A) 100 miles B) 120 miles C) 140 miles D) 160 miles E) 180 miles- Answer: E) 180 miles- Explanation: The correct answer is E) 180 miles because you can calculate this by multiplying the speed (60 miles per hour) by the time (3 hours).2. Numeric Entry:- Sample question: What is the value of 2(x + 3) when x = 5?- Answer: 16- Explanation: The correct answer is 16 because you substitute x = 5 into the equation to get 2(5 + 3) = 2(8) = 16.Analytical Writing Section:1. Argument Essay:- Sample question: The following appeared in a memo from the director of marketing at Dura-Sock, a small company that makes athletic socks:"Our marketing department recently conducted a survey of consumers in our target market, and we found that over 80% of respondents agreed that Dura-Sock is the most durable and comfortable sock on the market. Therefore, we should increase our advertising budget to capitalize on this positive perception and increase our market share."- Answer: This argument is flawed because it relies onself-reported data from a biased sample of consumers and does not provide any evidence to support the claim that increasing the advertising budget will lead to a significant increase in market share.2. Issue Essay:- Sample question: "It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics."- Answer: While studying history and literature is important for developing critical thinking and communication skills, studying science and mathematics is crucial for understanding the world around us and solving complex problems. Therefore, both areas of study are equally important for a well-rounded education.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam tested students on a range of skills, including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. By practicing sample questions and reviewing answer explanations, students can better prepare for the test and improve their chances of success. Remember to study consistently and seek help from tutors or study materials to enhance your performance on the exam. Good luck!。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(重庆卷,解析版)
绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔重庆卷〕英语试题卷本试卷共16页。
总分为150分。
考试用时120分钟。
须知事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、某某号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2.答选择题时，必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号。
3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
5.考试完毕后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、听力〔共两节，总分为35分〕做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。
录音内容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。
第一节〔共5小题；每一小题1. 5分，总分为7. 5分〕请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. ￡19. 15. B ￡9. 15. C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。
1.Who is the woman?A. MaryB.Marry’s sisterC. Mary’s friend2. How much are the potatoes?A. 6 cents a poundB. 16 cents a poundC. 60 cents a pound3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurantB. On a farmC. At home4. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Have his hair cut.B. Go to the library.C. Buy some food.5. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Vacation plan.B.Summer trip.C. Part-time job.第二节〔共12小题；每一小题1. 5分，总分为18分〕请听下面4段对话或独白。