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Arduino编程参考手册

Arduino编程参考手册Arduino编程参考手册首页程序结构变量基本函数setup()loop()控制结构ifif...elseforswitch casewhiledo...whilebreakcontinuereturngoto相关语法; 分号{ 大括号// 单行注释/**/ 多行注释#define 宏定义#include 文件包含算术运算符= 赋值+ (加)- (减)* (乘)/ (除)% (取模)比较运算符== 等于!= (不等于)< (小于)> (大于)<= (小于等于)>= (大于等于)范围HIGH | LOWINPUT | OUTPUTtrue | false整型常量浮点数常量数据类型voidbooleancharunsigned charbyteintunsigned intwordlongunsigned longfloatdoublestringString(c++)array数据类型转换char()byte()int()word()long()float()变量作用域变量作用域static (静态变量)volatile (易变变量)const (不可改变变量)数字I/OpinMode()digitalWrite()digitalRead()模拟I/OanalogReference()analogRead()analogWrite()指高级I/OshiftOut()pulseIn()时间millis()delay(ms)delayMicroseconds(us)数学库min()max()abs()constrain()map()pow()sqrt()三角函数sin(rad)cos(rad)tan(rad)随机数randomSeed()random()random()位操作程序结构(本节直译自Arduino 官网最新Reference)在Arduino 中, 标准的程序入口main 函数在内部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数: setup()当Arduino 板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

Arduino Nano ESP32 产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00083DescriptionThe Arduino Nano ESP32 (with and without headers) is a Nano form factor board based on the ESP32-S3 (embedded in the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®). This is the ﬁrst Arduino board to be based fully on an ESP32, and features Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth® LE, debugging via native USB in the Arduino IDE as well as low power.The Nano ESP32 is compatible with the Arduino IoT Cloud, and has support for MicroPython. It is an ideal board for getting started with IoT development.Target areas:Maker, Debugging, IoT, MicroPythonFeaturesXtensa® Dual-core 32-bit LX7 Microprocessor Up to 240 MHz384 kB ROM512 kB SRAM16 kB SRAM in RTC (low power mode)DMA ControllerPowerOperating voltage 3.3 VVUSB supplies 5 V via USB-C® connectorVIN range is 6-21 VConnectivityWi-Fi®Bluetooth® LEBuilt-in antenna2.4 GHz transmitter/receiverUp to 150 MbpsPins14x digital (21x including analog)8x analog (available in RTC mode)SPI(D11,D12,D13), I2C (A4/A5), UART(D0/D1) Communication PortsSPII2CI2SUARTCAN (TWAI®)Low Power7 μA consumption in deep sleep mode240 μA consumption in light sleep modeRTC MemoryUltra Low Power (ULP) CoprocessorPower Management Unit (PMU)ADC in RTC mode55556778888999910101011111111121212131313131314151516Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 2 ESP32 Core3 Recommended Operating Conditions4 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front View6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 Microprocessor 6.2 Wi-Fi®6.3 Bluetooth®7 System7.1 Resets 7.2 Timers 7.3 Interrupts8 Serial Communication Protocols8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)9 External Flash Memory 10 USB Connector 11 Power Options11.1 Power Tree 11.2 Pin Voltage 11.3 VIN Rating 11.4 VUSB11.5 Using the 3.3 V Pin 11.6 Pin Current 12 Pinout12.1 Analog (JP1)12.2 Digital (JP2)13 Mounting Holes And Board Outline161617171717174191920202014 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDE14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 14.4 Online Resources 14.5 Board Recovery15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202117 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 18 FCC Caution19 Company Information 20 Reference Documentation 21 Change Log1 The BoardNano ESP32 is a 3.3 V development board based on the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®, a module that includes a ESP32-S3 system on a chip (SoC). This module has support for Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE), with ampliﬁed communication through a built-in antenna. The CPU (32-bit Xtensa® LX7) support clock frequencies at up to 240 MHz and has native support for debugging via the USB-C® connector.1.1 Application ExamplesHome automation: an ideal board for automating your home, and can be used for smart switches, automatic lighting and motor control for e.g. motor controlled blinds.IoT sensors: with several dedicated ADC channels, accessible I2C/SPI buses and a robust ESP32-S3 based radio module, this board can easily be deployed to monitor sensor values.Low power designs: create battery powered applications with low power consumption, utilising the built in low power modes of the ESP32-S3 SoC.2 ESP32 CoreThe Nano ESP32 uses the Arduino Core for ESP32 boards, a derivation of Espressif's arduino-esp32 core. Rating3 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Typ Max UnitV IN Input voltage from VIN pad67.021VV USB Input voltage from USB connector 4.8 5.0 5.5VT OP Operating Temperature-402585°CFunctional Overview4 Block DiagramArduino Nano ESP32 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front ViewTop View of Arduino Nano ESP32 Ref.DescriptionM1NORA-W106-10B (ESP32-S3 SoC)J1CX90B-16P USB-C® connectorJP11x15 analog headerJP21x15 digital headerU2MP2322GQH step down converterU3GD25B128EWIGR 128 Mbit (16 MB) ext. ﬂash memory DL1RGB LEDDL2LED SCK (serial clock)DL3LED Power (green)D2PMEG6020AELRX Schottky DiodeD3PRTR5V0U2X,215 ESD Protection6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)The Nano ESP32 features the NORA-W106-10B stand alone radio module, embedding an ESP32-S3 series SoC as well as an embedded antenna. The ESP32-S3 is based on an Xtensa® LX7 series microprocessor.6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 MicroprocessorThe microprocessor for the ESP32-S3 SoC inside the NORA-W106 module is a dual-core 32-bit Xtensa® LX7. Each core can run at up to 240 MHz and has 512 kB SRAM memory. The LX7 features:32-bit customized instruction set128-bit data bus32-bit multiplier / dividerSupport for JTAG debuggingThe LX7 has a 384 kB ROM (Read Only Memory), and 512 kB of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). It also features an 8 kB RTC FAST and RTC SLOW memory. These memories are designed for low-power operations, where the SLOW memory can be accessed by the ULP (Ulta Low Power) coprocessor, retaining the data in deep sleep mode.6.2 Wi-Fi®The NORA-W106-10B module supports the Wi-Fi® 4 IEEE 802.11 standards b/g/n, with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm. The max range for this module is 500 meters.802.11b: 11 Mbit/s802.11g: 54 Mbit/s802.11n: 72 Mbit/s max at HT-20 (20 MHz), 150 Mbit/s max at HT-40 (40 MHz)6.3 Bluetooth®The NORA-W106-10B module supports Bluetooth® LE v5.0 with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm and data rates up to 2 Mbps. It has the option to scan and advertise simultaneously, as well as supporting multiple connections in peripheral/central mode.7 System7.1 ResetsThe ESP32-S3 has support for four levels of reset:CPU: resets CPU0/CPU1 coreCore: resets the digital system, except for the RTC peripherals (ULP coprocessor, RTC memory).System: resets the entire digital system, including the RTC peripherals.Chip: resets the entire chip.It is possible to conduct a software reset of this board, as well as obtaining the reset reason.To do a hardware reset of the board, use the onboard reset button (PB1).7.2 TimersThe Nano ESP32 has the following timers:52-bit system timer with 2x 52-bit counters (16 MHz) and 3x comparators.4x general-purpose 54-bit timers3x watchdog timers, two in main system (MWDT0/1), one in the RTC module (RWDT).7.3 InterruptsAll GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can be conﬁgured to be used as interrupts, and is provided by an interrupt matrix. Interrupt pins are conﬁgured on an application level, using the following conﬁgurations:LOWHIGHCHANGEFALLINGRISING8 Serial Communication ProtocolsThe ESP32-S3 chip provides ﬂexibility for the various serial protocols it supports. For example, the I2C bus can be assigned to almost any available GPIO.8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)Default pins:A4 - SDAA5 - SCLThe I2C bus is by default assigned to the A4/A5 (SDA/SCL) pins for retro compatibility. This pin assignment can however be changed, due to the ﬂexibility of the ESP32-S3 chip.The SDA and SCL pins can be assigned to most GPIOs, however some of these pins may have other essential functions that prevents I2C operations to run successfully.Please note: many software libraries uses the standard pin assignment (A4/A5).8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)There two I2S controllers that are typically used for communication with audio devices. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for I2S, this can be used by any free GPIO.Using standard or TDM mode, the following lines are used:MCLK - master clockBCLK - bit clockWS - word selectDIN/DOUT - serial dataUsing PDM mode:CLK - PDM clockDIN/DOUT serial dataRead more about the I2S protocol in Espressif's Peripheral API - InterIC Sounds (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)SCK - D13COPI - D12CIPO - D11CS - D10The SPI controller is by default assigned to the pins above.8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)D0 / TXD1 / RXThe UART controller is by default assigned to the the pins above.8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)The CAN/TWAI® controller is used to communicate with systems using the CAN/TWAI® protocol, particularly common in the automotive industry. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for the CAN/TWAI® controller, any free GPIO can be used.Please note: TWAI® is also known as the CAN2.0B, or "CAN classic". The CAN controller is NOT compatible with CAN FD frames.9 External Flash MemoryNano ESP32 features a 128 Mbit (16 MB) external ﬂash, the GD25B128EWIGR (U3). This memory is connected to the ESP32 via Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI).The operating frequency for this IC is 133 MHz, and has a data transfer rate at up to 664 Mbit/s.10 USB ConnectorThe Nano ESP32 has one USB-C® port, used to power and program your board as well as sending & receiving serial communication.Note that you should not power the board with more than 5 V via the USB-C® port.11 Power OptionsPower can either be supplied via the VIN pin, or via USB-C® connector. Any voltage input either via USB or VIN is stepped down to 3.3 V using the MP2322GQH (U2) converter.The operating voltage for this board is 3.3 V. Please note that there's no 5V pin available on this board, only the VBUS can provide 5 V when the board is powered via USB.11.1 Power TreeArduino Nano ESP32 power tree.11.2 Pin VoltageAll digital & analog pins on the Nano ESP32 are 3.3 V. Do not connect any higher voltage devices to any of the pins as it will risk damaging the board.11.3 VIN RatingThe recommended input voltage range is 6-21 V.You should not attempt to power the board with a voltage outside the recommended range, particularly not higher than 21 V.The eﬃciency of the converter depends on the input voltage via the VIN pin. See the average below for a board operation with normal current consumption:4.5 V - >90%.12 V - 85-90%18 V - <85%This information is extracted from the MP2322GQH's datasheet.11.4 VUSBThere is no 5V pin available on the Nano ESP32. 5 V can only be provided via the VUSB, which is supplied directly from the USB-C® power source.While powering the board via the VIN pin, the VUSB pin is not activated. This means you have no option of providing 5 V from the board unless powered via USB or externally.11.5 Using the 3.3 V PinThe 3.3 V pin is connected to the 3.3 V rail which is connected to the output of the MP2322GQH step down converter. This pin is primarily used to power external components.11.6 Pin CurrentThe GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can handle source currents up to 40 mA, and sink currents up to 28 mA. Never connect devices that draw higher current directly to a GPIO.Mechanical Information12 PinoutPinout for Nano ESP32.12.1 Analog (JP1)Pin Function Type Description1SCK NC Serial Clock2+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail3BOOT0Mode Board Reset 04A0Analog Analog input 05A1Analog Analog input 16A2Analog Analog input 27A3Analog Analog input 38A4Analog Analog input 4 / I²C Serial Datal (SDA) 9A5Analog Analog input 5 / I²C Serial Clock (SCL) 10A6Analog Analog input 611A7Analog Analog input 712VUSB Power USB power (5V)13BOOT1Mode Board Reset 114GND Power Ground15VIN Power Voltage Input12.2 Digital (JP2)Pin Function Type Description1D12 / CIPO*Digital Controller In Peripheral Out2D11 / COPI*Digital Controller Out Peripheral In3D10Digital Chip Select4D9Digital GPIO 95D8Digital GPIO 86D7Digital GPIO 77D6Digital GPIO 68D5Digital GPIO 59D4Digital GPIO 410D3Digital GPIO 311D2Digital GPIO 212GND Power Ground13RST Internal Reset14D1/RX Digital GPIO 4 / Serial 0 Receiver (RX) 15D0/TX Digital GPIO 3 / Serial 0 Transmitter (TX) *CIPO/COPI replaces the MISO/MOSI terminology.13 Mounting Holes And Board OutlineMechanical View of Nano ESP3214 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Nano ESP32 while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino IDE [1]. To connect the Nano ESP32 to your computer, you will need a Type-C® USB cable, which can also provide power to the board, as indicated by the LED (DL1).14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.14.4 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Arduino Project Hub [4], the Arduino Library Reference [5], and the online store [6]; where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more. 14.5 Board RecoveryAll Arduino boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB, it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after the power-up.Certifications15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.17 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.18 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for licence-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40 ℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.19 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani, 25 - 20900 MONZA Italy)20 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino Web Editor(Cloud)https:///editorWeb Editor - Getting Started https:///cloud/web-editor/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-web-editorProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///arduino-libraries/Online Store https:///21 Change LogDate Changes08/06/2023Release。

Arduino Nano ESP32 产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00083DescriptionThe Arduino Nano ESP32 (with and without headers) is a Nano form factor board based on the ESP32-S3 (embedded in the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®). This is the ﬁrst Arduino board to be based fully on an ESP32, and features Wi-Fi® as well as Bluetooth® LE.The Nano ESP32 is compatible with the Arduino IoT Cloud, and has support for MicroPython. It is an ideal board for getting started with IoT development.Target areas:Maker, IoT, MicroPythonFeaturesXtensa® Dual-core 32-bit LX7 Microprocessor Up to 240 MHz384 kB ROM512 kB SRAM16 kB SRAM in RTC (low power mode)DMA ControllerPowerOperating voltage 3.3 VVUSB supplies 5 V via USB-C® connectorVIN range is 6-21 VConnectivityWi-Fi®Bluetooth® LEBuilt-in antenna2.4 GHz transmitter/receiverUp to 150 MbpsPins14x digital (21x including analog)8x analog (available in RTC mode)SPI(D11,D12,D13), I2C (A4/A5), UART(D0/D1) Communication PortsSPII2CI2SUARTCAN (TWAI®)Low Power7 μA consumption in deep sleep mode240 μA consumption in light sleep modeRTC MemoryUltra Low Power (ULP) CoprocessorPower Management Unit (PMU)ADC in RTC mode55556778888999991010101111111112121213131313141415Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 2 ESP32 Core3 Recommended Operating Conditions4 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front View6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 Microprocessor 6.2 Wi-Fi®6.3 Bluetooth®6.4 PSRAM 7 System7.1 Resets 7.2 Timers 7.3 Interrupts8 Serial Communication Protocols8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)9 External Flash Memory 10 USB Connector 11 Power Options11.1 Power Tree 11.2 Pin Voltage 11.3 VIN Rating 11.4 VUSB11.5 Using the 3.3 V Pin 11.6 Pin Current 12 Pinout12.1 Analog (JP1)151616161717171717191920202012.2 Digital (JP2)13 Mounting Holes And Board Outline 14 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDE14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 14.4 Online Resources 14.5 Board Recovery15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202117 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 18 FCC Caution19 Company Information 20 Reference Documentation 21 Change Log1 The BoardNano ESP32 is a 3.3 V development board based on the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®, a module that includes a ESP32-S3 system on a chip (SoC). This module has support for Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE), with ampliﬁed communication through a built-in antenna. The CPU (32-bit Xtensa® LX7) supports clock frequencies at up to 240 MHz.1.1 Application ExamplesHome automation: an ideal board for automating your home, and can be used for smart switches, automatic lighting and motor control for e.g. motor controlled blinds.IoT sensors: with several dedicated ADC channels, accessible I2C/SPI buses and a robust ESP32-S3 based radio module, this board can easily be deployed to monitor sensor values.Low power designs: create battery powered applications with low power consumption, utilising the built in low power modes of the ESP32-S3 SoC.2 ESP32 CoreThe Nano ESP32 uses the Arduino Core for ESP32 boards, a derivation of Espressif's arduino-esp32 core. Rating3 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Typ Max Unit V IN Input voltage from VIN pad67.021VV USB Input voltage from USB connector 4.8 5.0 5.5VT OP Operating Temperature-402585°CFunctional Overview4 Block DiagramArduino Nano ESP32 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front ViewTop View of Arduino Nano ESP32 Ref.DescriptionM1NORA-W106-10B (ESP32-S3 SoC)J1CX90B-16P USB-C® connectorJP11x15 analog headerJP21x15 digital headerU2MP2322GQH step down converterU3GD25B128EWIGR 128 Mbit (16 MB) ext. ﬂash memory DL1RGB LEDDL2LED SCK (serial clock)DL3LED Power (green)D2PMEG6020AELRX Schottky DiodeD3PRTR5V0U2X,215 ESD Protection6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)The Nano ESP32 features the NORA-W106-10B stand alone radio module, embedding an ESP32-S3 series SoC as well as an embedded antenna. The ESP32-S3 is based on an Xtensa® LX7 series microprocessor.6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 MicroprocessorThe microprocessor for the ESP32-S3 SoC inside the NORA-W106 module is a dual-core 32-bit Xtensa® LX7. Each core can run at up to 240 MHz and has 512 kB SRAM memory. The LX7 features:32-bit customized instruction set128-bit data bus32-bit multiplier / dividerThe LX7 has a 384 kB ROM (Read Only Memory), and 512 kB of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). It also features an 8 kB RTC FAST and RTC SLOW memory. These memories are designed for low-power operations, where the SLOW memory can be accessed by the ULP (Ulta Low Power) coprocessor, retaining the data in deep sleep mode.6.2 Wi-Fi®The NORA-W106-10B module supports the Wi-Fi® 4 IEEE 802.11 standards b/g/n, with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm. The max range for this module is 500 meters.802.11b: 11 Mbit/s802.11g: 54 Mbit/s802.11n: 72 Mbit/s max at HT-20 (20 MHz), 150 Mbit/s max at HT-40 (40 MHz)6.3 Bluetooth®The NORA-W106-10B module supports Bluetooth® LE v5.0 with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm and data rates up to 2 Mbps. It has the option to scan and advertise simultaneously, as well as supporting multiple connections in peripheral/central mode.6.4 PSRAMThe NORA-W106-10B module includes 8 MB of embedded PSRAM. (Octal SPI)7 System7.1 ResetsThe ESP32-S3 has support for four levels of reset:CPU: resets CPU0/CPU1 coreCore: resets the digital system, except for the RTC peripherals (ULP coprocessor, RTC memory).System: resets the entire digital system, including the RTC peripherals.Chip: resets the entire chip.It is possible to conduct a software reset of this board, as well as obtaining the reset reason.To do a hardware reset of the board, use the onboard reset button (PB1).7.2 TimersThe Nano ESP32 has the following timers:52-bit system timer with 2x 52-bit counters (16 MHz) and 3x comparators.4x general-purpose 54-bit timers3x watchdog timers, two in main system (MWDT0/1), one in the RTC module (RWDT).7.3 InterruptsAll GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can be conﬁgured to be used as interrupts, and is provided by an interrupt matrix. Interrupt pins are conﬁgured on an application level, using the following conﬁgurations:LOWHIGHCHANGEFALLINGRISING8 Serial Communication ProtocolsThe ESP32-S3 chip provides ﬂexibility for the various serial protocols it supports. For example, the I2C bus can be assigned to almost any available GPIO.8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)Default pins:A4 - SDAA5 - SCLThe I2C bus is by default assigned to the A4/A5 (SDA/SCL) pins for retro compatibility. This pin assignment can however be changed, due to the ﬂexibility of the ESP32-S3 chip.The SDA and SCL pins can be assigned to most GPIOs, however some of these pins may have other essential functions that prevents I2C operations to run successfully.Please note: many software libraries uses the standard pin assignment (A4/A5).8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)There two I2S controllers that are typically used for communication with audio devices. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for I2S, this can be used by any free GPIO.Using standard or TDM mode, the following lines are used:MCLK - master clockBCLK - bit clockWS - word selectDIN/DOUT - serial dataUsing PDM mode:CLK - PDM clockDIN/DOUT serial dataRead more about the I2S protocol in Espressif's Peripheral API - InterIC Sounds (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)SCK - D13CIPO - D12COPI - D11CS - D10The SPI controller is by default assigned to the pins above.8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)D0 / TXD1 / RXThe UART controller is by default assigned to the the pins above.8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)The CAN/TWAI® controller is used to communicate with systems using the CAN/TWAI® protocol, particularly common in the automotive industry. There are no speciﬁc pins assigned for the CAN/TWAI® controller, any free GPIO can be used.Please note: TWAI® is also known as the CAN2.0B, or "CAN classic". The CAN controller is NOT compatible with CAN FD frames.9 External Flash MemoryNano ESP32 features a 128 Mbit (16 MB) external ﬂash, the GD25B128EWIGR (U3). This memory is connected to the ESP32 via Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI).The operating frequency for this IC is 133 MHz, and has a data transfer rate at up to 664 Mbit/s.10 USB ConnectorThe Nano ESP32 has one USB-C® port, used to power and program your board as well as sending & receiving serial communication.Note that you should not power the board with more than 5 V via the USB-C® port.11 Power OptionsPower can either be supplied via the VIN pin, or via USB-C® connector. Any voltage input either via USB or VIN is stepped down to 3.3 V using the MP2322GQH (U2) converter.The operating voltage for this board is 3.3 V. Please note that there's no 5V pin available on this board, only the VBUS can provide 5 V when the board is powered via USB.11.1 Power TreeArduino Nano ESP32 power tree.11.2 Pin VoltageAll digital & analog pins on the Nano ESP32 are 3.3 V. Do not connect any higher voltage devices to any of the pins as it will risk damaging the board.11.3 VIN RatingThe recommended input voltage range is 6-21 V.You should not attempt to power the board with a voltage outside the recommended range, particularly not higher than 21 V.The eﬃciency of the converter depends on the input voltage via the VIN pin. See the average below for a board operation with normal current consumption:4.5 V - >90%.12 V - 85-90%18 V - <85%This information is extracted from the MP2322GQH's datasheet.11.4 VUSBThere is no 5V pin available on the Nano ESP32. 5 V can only be provided via the VUSB, which is supplied directly from the USB-C® power source.While powering the board via the VIN pin, the VUSB pin is not activated. This means you have no option of providing 5 V from the board unless powered via USB or externally.11.5 Using the 3.3 V PinThe 3.3 V pin is connected to the 3.3 V rail which is connected to the output of the MP2322GQH step down converter. This pin is primarily used to power external components.11.6 Pin CurrentThe GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can handle source currents up to 40 mA, and sink currents up to 28 mA. Never connect devices that draw higher current directly to a GPIO.Mechanical Information12 PinoutPinout for Nano ESP32.12.1 Analog (JP1)Pin Function Type Description1D13 / SCK NC Serial Clock2+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail3BOOT0Mode Board Reset 04A0Analog Analog input 05A1Analog Analog input 16A2Analog Analog input 27A3Analog Analog input 38A4Analog Analog input 4 / I²C Serial Datal (SDA) 9A5Analog Analog input 5 / I²C Serial Clock (SCL) 10A6Analog Analog input 611A7Analog Analog input 712VUSB Power USB power (5V)13BOOT1Mode Board Reset 114GND Power Ground15VIN Power Voltage Input12.2 Digital (JP2)Pin Function Type Description1D12 / CIPO*Digital Controller In Peripheral Out2D11 / COPI*Digital Controller Out Peripheral In3D10 / CS*Digital Chip Select4D9Digital Digital pin 95D8Digital Digital pin 86D7Digital Digital pin 77D6Digital Digital pin 68D5Digital Digital pin 59D4Digital Digital pin 410D3Digital Digital pin 311D2Digital Digital pin 212GND Power Ground13RST Internal Reset14D1/RX Digital Digital pin 1 / Serial Receiver (RX) 15D0/TX Digital Digital pin 0 / Serial Transmitter (TX) *CIPO/COPI/CS replaces the MISO/MOSI/SS terminology.13 Mounting Holes And Board OutlineMechanical View of Nano ESP3214 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Nano ESP32 while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino IDE [1]. To connect the Nano ESP32 to your computer, you will need a Type-C® USB cable, which can also provide power to the board, as indicated by the LED (DL1).14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.14.4 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Arduino Project Hub [4], the Arduino Library Reference [5], and the online store [6]; where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more. 14.5 Board RecoveryAll Arduino boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB, it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after the power-up.Certifications15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.17 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.18 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for licence-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40 ℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.19 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani, 25 - 20900 MONZA Italy)20 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino Web Editor(Cloud)https:///editorWeb Editor - Getting Started https:///cloud/web-editor/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-web-editorProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///arduino-libraries/Online Store https:///21 Change LogDate Changes08/06/2023Release09/01/2023Update power tree ﬂowchart.09/11/2023Update SPI section, update analog/digital pin section.。

Arduino参考手册中文版

Arduino编程参考手册if (5)if...else . (6)for (8)switch case (10)while (11)do...while. (12)break (12)continue (13)return (14)goto (15)相关语法 (16)分号 (16)大括号 (16)注释 (18)define (19)include (20)算术运算符 (21)赋值 (21)加，减，乘，除 (21)取模 (22)比较运算符 (24)if(条件) and ==, !=, <, > (比较运算符) (24)布尔运算符 (26)指针运算符 (27)位运算 (27)位与 (27)位或 (28)位异或 (30)位非 (32)左移、右移 (33)复合运算符 (35)自加++ (35)自减-- (35)复合加+= (35)复合减-= (36)复合乘*= (36)复合除/= (36)复合与&= (36)复合或|= (36)变量 (36)宏定义 (38)整型常量 (39)浮点数常量 (41)数据类型 (41)void (41)boolean (42)char (43)unsigned char (43)byte (44)int (44)unsigned int (45)word (46)long (46)unsigned long (47)float (48)double (49)string (49)String(c++) (51)array (52)数据类型转换 (54)char() (54)byte() (54)int() (54)word() (55)long() (55)float() (56)变量作用域&修饰符 (56)变量作用域 (56)static (静态变量) (57)volatile (易变变量) (59)const (不可改变变量) (61)辅助工具 (61)sizeof() (sizeof运算符) (61)ASCII码表 (63)基本函数 (64)数字I/O (64)pinMode() (64)digitalWrite() (65)digitalRead() (67)模拟I/O (68)analogReference() (68)analogRead() (68)analogWrite() (69)shiftOut() (71)pulseIn() (72)时间 (73)millis() (73)delay(ms) (73)delayMicroseconds(us) (74)数学库 (75)min() (75)max() (75)abs() (76)constrain() (76)map() (76)pow() (78)sqrt() (78)三角函数 (78)sin(),cos(),tan() (78)随机数 (78)randomSeed() (78)random() (79)位操作 (79)设置中断函数 (80)a (80)achInterrupt() (80)detachInterrupt() (82)interrupts() (82)noInterrupts() (83)串口通讯 (83)begin() (84)available() (84)read() (86)flush() (87)print() (87)println() (91)write() (91)peak() (92)serialEvent() (92)程序结构(本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference)在Arduino中, 标准的程序入口main函数在内部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数:setup()当Arduino板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

Arduino UNO R3 产品参考指南说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: A000066DescriptionThe Arduino UNO R3 is the perfect board to get familiar with electronics and coding. This versatile microcontroller is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P and the ATMega 16U2 Processor.This board will give you a great ﬁrst experience within the world of Arduino.Target areas:Maker, introduction, industriesFeaturesATMega328P ProcessorMemoryAVR CPU at up to 16 MHz32KB Flash2KB SRAM1KB EEPROMSecurityPower On Reset (POR)Brown Out Detection (BOD)Peripherals2x 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register and compare channels1x 16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, input capture and compare channels1x USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-frame detection1x controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)1x Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C1x Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference inputWatchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillatorSix PWM channelsInterrupt and wake-up on pin changeATMega16U2 Processor8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontrollerMemory16 KB ISP Flash512B EEPROM512B SRAMdebugWIRE interface for on-chip debugging and programmingPower2.7-5.5 volts444445556677777789910101111111212131313CONTENTS1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products 2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 2.2 Power Consumption 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board Topology 3.2 Processor 3.3 Power Tree 4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDE4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 4.4 Sample Sketches 4.5 Online Resources 5 Connector Pinouts5.1 JANALOG 5.2 JDIGITAL5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting Holes 6 Certiﬁcations6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)6.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/20216.3 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 7 FCC Caution8 Company Information 9 Reference Documentation 10 Revision History1 The Board1.1 Application ExamplesThe UNO board is the ﬂagship product of Arduino. Regardless if you are new to the world of electronics or will use the UNO as a tool for education purposes or industry-related tasks.First entry to electronics: If this is your ﬁrst project within coding and electronics, get started with our most used and documented board; Arduino UNO. It is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P processor, 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, USB connections, ICSP header and reset button. This board includes everything you will need for a great ﬁrst experience with Arduino.Industry-standard development board: Using the Arduino UNO board in industries, there are a range of companies using the UNO board as the brain for their PLC’s.Education purposes: Although the UNO board has been with us for about ten years, it is still widely used for various education purposes and scientiﬁc projects. The board's high standard and top quality performance makes it a great resource to capture real time from sensors and to trigger complex laboratory equipment to mention a few examples.1.2 Related ProductsStarter KitTinkerkit Braccio RobotExample2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Max Conservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C (-40°F)85 °C ( 185°F) NOTE: In extreme temperatures, EEPROM, voltage regulator, and the crystal oscillator, might notwork as expected due to the extreme temperature conditions2.2 Power ConsumptionSymbol Description Min Typ Max Unit VINMax Maximum input voltage from VIN pad6-20V VUSBMax Maximum input voltage from USB connector- 5.5V PMax Maximum Power Consumption--xx mA 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board TopologyTop viewBoard topologyRef.Description Ref.DescriptionX1Power jack 2.1x5.5mm U1SPX1117M3-L-5 RegulatorX2USB B Connector U3ATMEGA16U2 ModulePC1EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor U5LMV358LIST-A.9 ICPC2EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor F1Chip Capacitor, High DensityD1CGRA4007-G Rectiﬁer ICSP Pin header connector (through hole 6)J-ZU4ATMEGA328P Module ICSP1Pin header connector (through hole 6)Y1ECS-160-20-4X-DU Oscillator3.2 ProcessorThe Main Processor is a ATmega328P running at up tp 20 MHz. Most of its pins are connected to the external headers, however some are reserved for internal communication with the USB Bridge coprocessor.3.3 Power TreePower tree4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino UNO while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino UNO to your computer, you’ll need a Micro-B USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to Log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.4.4 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino XXX can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino IDE or in the “Documentation” section of the Arduino Pro website [4]4.5 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on ProjectHub [5], the Arduino Library Reference [6] and the online store [7] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more5 Connector PinoutsPinout5.1 JANALOGPin Function Type Description1NC NC Not connected2IOREF IOREF Reference for digital logic V - connected to 5V 3Reset Reset Reset4+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail5+5V Power+5V Power Rail6GND Power Ground7GND Power Ground8VIN Power Voltage Input9A0Analog/GPIO Analog input 0 /GPIO10A1Analog/GPIO Analog input 1 /GPIO11A2Analog/GPIO Analog input 2 /GPIO12A3Analog/GPIO Analog input 3 /GPIO13A4/SDA Analog input/I2C Analog input 4/I2C Data line14A5/SCL Analog input/I2C Analog input 5/I2C Clock line5.2 JDIGITALPin Function Type Description1D0Digital/GPIO Digital pin 0/GPIO2D1Digital/GPIO Digital pin 1/GPIO3D2Digital/GPIO Digital pin 2/GPIO4D3Digital/GPIO Digital pin 3/GPIO5D4Digital/GPIO Digital pin 4/GPIO6D5Digital/GPIO Digital pin 5/GPIO7D6Digital/GPIO Digital pin 6/GPIO8D7Digital/GPIO Digital pin 7/GPIO9D8Digital/GPIO Digital pin 8/GPIO10D9Digital/GPIO Digital pin 9/GPIO11SS Digital SPI Chip Select12MOSI Digital SPI1 Main Out Secondary In13MISO Digital SPI Main In Secondary Out14SCK Digital SPI serial clock output15GND Power Ground16AREF Digital Analog reference voltage17A4/SD4Digital Analog input 4/I2C Data line (duplicated)18A5/SD5Digital Analog input 5/I2C Clock line (duplicated)5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting HolesBoard outline6 Certifications6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).ROHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EUConforms to:EN50581:2012Directive 2014/35/EU. (LVD)Conforms to:EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009/A1:2010/A12:2011/AC:2011 Directive 2004/40/EC & 2008/46/EC & 2013/35/EU,EMFConforms to:EN 62311:20086.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions: No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.6.3 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.7 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for license-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.8 Company InformationCompany name Arduino S.r.lCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 20900 MONZA Italy9 Reference DocumentationReference LinkArduino IDE(Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino IDE (Cloud)https:///editorCloud IDE Getting Started https:///projecthub/Arduino_Genuino/getting-started-with-arduino-web-editor-4b3e4aArduino Pro Website https:///proProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///reference/en/Online Store https:///10 Revision HistoryDate Revision Changesxx/06/20211Datasheet release。

Arduino编程参考手册

Arduino 编程参考手册首页程序结构setup() loop() 控制结构 if if...else for switch case while do...while break continue return goto 相关语法 ; 分号 { 大括号 // 单行注释 /**/ 多行注释 #define 宏定义 #include 文件包含算术运算符 = 赋值 + (加) - (减) * (乘) / (除) % (取模) 比较运算符 == 等于 != (不等于) < (小于) > (大于) <= (小于等于) >= (大于等于) 范围变量HIGH | LOW INPUT | OUTPUT true | false 整型常量浮点数常量数据类型 void boolean char unsigned char byte int unsigned int word long unsigned long float double string String(c++) array 数据类型转换 char() byte() int() word() long() float() 变量作用域变量作用域 static (静态变量) volatile (易变变量) const (不可改变变量)基本函数数字 I/O pinMode() digitalWrite() digitalRead() 模拟 I/O analogReference() analogRead() analogWrite() 指高级 I/O shiftOut() pulseIn() 时间 millis() delay(ms) delayMicroseconds(us) 数学库 min() max() abs() constrain() map() pow() sqrt() 三角函数 sin(rad) cos(rad) tan(rad) 随机数 randomSeed() random() random() 位操作布尔运算符 && (逻辑与) || (逻辑或) ! (逻辑非) 指针运算符 * 指针运算符 & 地址运算符位运算 & (位与) | (位或) ^ (位异或) ~ (位非) << (左移) >> (右移) 复合运算符 ++ (自加) -- (自减) += (复合加) -= (复合减) *= (复合乘) /= (复合除) &= (复合与) |= (复合或)辅助工具 sizeof() (sizeof 运算符) ASCII 码表lowByte() highByte() bitRead() bitWrite() bitSet() bitClear() bit() 设置中断函数 attachInterrupt() detachInterrupt() interrupts() noInterrupts() 串口通讯 begin() available() read() flush print() println() write() peak() serialEvent()程序结构(本节直译自 Arduino 官网最新 Reference) 在 Arduino 中, 标准的程序入口 main 函数在内部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数: setup() 当 Arduino 板起动时 setup()函数会被调用。

Arduino参考手册中文版

宏定义 (37)整型常量 (38)浮点数常量 (40)数据类型 (41)void (41)boolean (42)char (43)unsigned char (43)byte (43)int (44)unsigned int (45)word (46)long (46)unsigned long (47)float (48)double (49)string (49)String(c++) (51)array (52)数据类型转换 (54)char() (54)byte() (54)int() (55)word() (55)long() (56)float() (56)变量作用域&修饰符 (57)变量作用域 (57)static (静态变量) (58)volatile (易变变量) (60)const (不可改变变量) (61)辅助工具 (62)sizeof() (sizeof运算符) (62)ASCII码表 (63)基本函数 (65)数字I/O (65)pinMode() (65)digitalWrite() (66)digitalRead() (67)模拟I/O (68)analogReference() (68)analogRead() (69)analogWrite() (70)shiftOut() (71)pulseIn() (72)时间 (73)millis() (73)delay(ms) (73)delayMicroseconds(us) (74)数学库 (75)min() (75)max() (76)abs() (76)constrain() (76)map() (77)pow() (78)sqrt() (78)三角函数 (78)sin(),cos(),tan() (78)随机数 (79)randomSeed() (79)random() (79)位操作 (80)设置中断函数 (81)a (81)achInterrupt() (81)detachInterrupt() (82)interrupts() (83)noInterrupts() (83)串口通讯 (84)begin() (84)available() (84)read() (87)flush() (88)print() (88)println() (92)write() (92)peak() (93)serialEvent() (93)在这两个常量中false更容易被定义。

Arduino编程参考手册中文版

Arduino编程参考手册首页程序结构setup()loop()控制结构ifif...elseforswitch case whiledo...whilebreakcontinuereturngoto相关语法; 分号{ 大括号// 单行注释/**/ 多行注释#define 宏定义#include 文件包含算术运算符= 赋值+ (加)- (减)* (乘)/ (除)% (取模)比较运算符== 等于!= (不等于)< (小于)> (大于)<= (小于等于)>= (大于等于)布尔运算符&& (逻辑与)|| (逻辑或) ! (逻辑非)指针运算符* 指针运算符& 地址运算符位运算& (位与)| (位或)^ (位异或)~ (位非)<< (左移)>> (右移)复合运算符++ (自加)-- (自减)+= (复合加)-= (复合减)*= (复合乘)/= (复合除)&= (复合与)|= (复合或)围HIGH | LOWINPUT | OUTPUTtrue | false整型常量浮点数常量数据类型voidbooleancharunsigned charbyteintunsigned intwordlongunsigned longfloatdoublestringString(c++)array数据类型转换char()byte()int()word()long()float()变量作用域变量作用域static (静态变量)volatile (易变变量)const (不可改变变量)辅助工具sizeof() (sizeof运算符)ASCII码表数字I/OpinMode()digitalWrite()digitalRead()模拟I/OanalogReference()analogRead()analogWrite()指高级I/OshiftOut()pulseIn()时间millis()delay(ms)delayMicroseconds(us)数学库min()max()abs()constrain()map()pow()sqrt()三角函数sin(rad)cos(rad)tan(rad)随机数randomSeed() random() random()位操作lowByte()highByte()bitRead()bitWrite()bitSet()bitClear()bit()设置中断函数attachInterrupt()detachInterrupt()interrupts()noInterrupts()串口通讯begin()available()read()flushprint()println()write()peak()serialEvent()程序结构(本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference)在Arduino中, 标准的程序入口main函数在部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数:setup()当Arduino板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

Arduino编程参考手册

Arduino 编程参考手册目录一、程序结构 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 setup().................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 loop() ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 控制语句 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 if ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 if...else ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 for .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 switch case .................................................................................................................................................................... 7 while ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 do...while ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 break ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 continue .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 return ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 goto ............................................................................................................................................................................... 10 相关语法 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 分号 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 大括号 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 注释 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 define ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 include .......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 算术运算符 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 14 赋值 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14 加，减，乘，除 ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 取模 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16 比较运算符 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17 if(条件) and ==, !=, <, > (比较运算符) ...................................................................................................................... 17 布尔运算符 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18 && （逻辑与） ............................................................................................................................................................ 18 || （逻辑或） ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 ! （非） ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 指针运算符 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19 位运算 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 位与 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 19 位或 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20 位异或 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21 位非 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 22 左移、右移 ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 复合运算符 ................................................................................................................................................................... 24 二、变量 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 常量 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 false .............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 true ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25 HIGH ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 LOW .............................................................................................................................................................................. 25宏定义 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 26 整型常量 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26 浮点数常量 ................................................................................................................................................................... 27 数据类型 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 28 void................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 boolean ......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 char ............................................................................................................................................................................... 29 unsigned char .............................................................................................................................................................. 29 byte ............................................................................................................................................................................... 29 int ................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 unsigned int ................................................................................................................................................................. 30 word .............................................................................................................................................................................. 31 long ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31 unsigned long .............................................................................................................................................................. 32 float ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32 double ........................................................................................................................................................................... 33 string ............................................................................................................................................................................. 33 String(c++) ................................................................................................................................................................... 35 array .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36 数据类型转换 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37 char() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 37 byte() ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 int() ................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 word()............................................................................................................................................................................ 38 long() ............................................................................................................................................................................. 39 float() ............................................................................................................................................................................. 39 变量作用域&修饰符 ............................................................................................................................................................ 39 变量作用域 ................................................................................................................................................................... 39 static (静态变量) .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 volatile (易变变量) ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 const (不可改变变量) .................................................................................................................................................. 42 辅助工具 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 42 sizeof() (sizeof 运算符) ............................................................................................................................................... 42 ASCII 码表.................................................................................................................................................................... 43 三、基本函数 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 45 数字 I/O................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 pinMode() ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 digitalWrite() ................................................................................................................................................................. 46 digitalRead() ................................................................................................................................................................ 46 模拟 I/O................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 analogReference() ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 analogRead() ............................................................................................................................................................... 48 analogWrite() ............................................................................................................................................................... 48 高级 I/O................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 shiftOut()....................................................................................................................................................................... 49 pulseIn() ....................................................................................................................................................................... 50 时间 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 millis() ........................................................................................................................................................................... 50 delay(ms) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 delayMicroseconds(us) .............................................................................................................................................. 51数学库 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 min() .............................................................................................................................................................................. 52 max() ............................................................................................................................................................................. 52 abs() .............................................................................................................................................................................. 52 constrain() .................................................................................................................................................................... 53 map() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 53 pow() ............................................................................................................................................................................. 54 sqrt().............................................................................................................................................................................. 54 三角函数 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54 sin(),cos(),tan() ............................................................................................................................................................ 54 随机数 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 randomSeed() ............................................................................................................................................................. 54 random() ....................................................................................................................................................................... 55 位操作 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 位操作 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 55 设置中断函数 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 56 attachInterrupt()........................................................................................................................................................... 56 detachInterrupt().......................................................................................................................................................... 57 interrupts() .................................................................................................................................................................... 57 noInterrupts() ............................................................................................................................................................... 57 串口通讯 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 58 begin()........................................................................................................................................................................... 58 available()..................................................................................................................................................................... 58 read() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 60 flush() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 60 print() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 60 println() ......................................................................................................................................................................... 62 write() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 63 peak()............................................................................................................................................................................ 63 serialEvent()................................................................................................................................................................. 64一、程序结构(本节直译自 Arduino 官网最新 Reference) 在 Arduino 中, 标准的程序入口 main 函数在内部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数：setup()当 Arduino 板起动时 setup()函数会被调用。

(完整)Arduino参考手册中文版

Arduino编程参考手册控制语句 (5)if (5)if。

.。

else (6)for (7)switch case (9)while (10)do。

.while (11)break (11)continue (12)return (12)goto (13)相关语法 (14)分号 (14)大括号 (14)注释 (16)define (17)include (18)算术运算符 (19)赋值 (19)加，减,乘，除 (19)取模 (20)比较运算符 (22)if（条件) and ==， !=, 〈，〉 (比较运算符) (22)布尔运算符 (23)指针运算符 (24)位运算 (25)位与 (25)位或 (26)位异或 (28)位非 (29)左移、右移 (30)复合运算符 (32)自加++ (32)自减—— (32)复合加+= (32)复合减—= (32)复合乘*= (32)复合除/= (33)复合与&= (33)复合或|= (33)变量 (33)常量 (33)宏定义 (34)整型常量 (35)浮点数常量 (37)数据类型 (37)void (37)boolean (38)char (39)unsigned char (39)byte (40)int (40)unsigned int (41)word (42)long (42)unsigned long (42)float (43)double (45)string (45)String(c++） (46)array (47)数据类型转换 (49)char（) (49)byte(） (49)int（) (50)word() (50)long(） (50)float（) (51)变量作用域＆修饰符 (51)变量作用域 (51)static (静态变量） (52)volatile (易变变量） (54)const （不可改变变量) (55)辅助工具 (56)sizeof（）（sizeof运算符) (56)ASCII码表 (57)基本函数 (59)数字I/O (59)pinMode(） (59)digitalWrite(） (60)digitalRead(） (61)模拟I/O (62)analogReference（） (62)analogRead() (62)analogWrite(） (63)高级I/O (64)shiftOut(） (64)pulseIn() (65)时间 (66)millis（) (66)delay(ms) (67)delayMicroseconds（us） (68)数学库 (68)min() (68)max（） (69)abs（） (69)constrain(） (69)map() (69)pow（） (71)sqrt() (71)三角函数 (71)sin(），cos（）,tan（) (71)随机数 (71)randomSeed（） (71)random(） (72)位操作 (72)设置中断函数 (73)a (73)achInterrupt() (73)detachInterrupt() (75)interrupts() (75)noInterrupts（） (75)串口通讯 (76)begin(） (76)available（） (77)read（) (78)flush(） (80)print（) (80)println(） (83)write（） (83)peak(） (84)serialEvent(） (84)程序结构（本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference）在Arduino中，标准的程序入口main函数在内部被定义，用户只需要关心以下两个函数：setup()当Arduino板起动时setup(）函数会被调用。

我一直使用的Arduino的中文资料

轉自台灣arduino官網的概述Arduino Duemilanove ("2009") 是一個基於ATmega168(datasheet)或者ATmega328(datasheet) 的微控制器板，有14路數字輸入/輸出,其中六路可作為PWM輸出，6路模擬輸入，一個16MHz晶振，一個USB連接器，一個電源插座，一個ICSP 座，和一個復位按鈕。

它已包括一個微控制器應有的一切，直接將它用USB線連上計算機或者用一個電源適配器給它供電，就可以開始使用了。

"Duemilanove" 在意大利語中是2009的意思，名字取自發佈年份，Duemilanove目前是Arduino USB系列中的最新型號。

電路設計參考EAGLE 文件: arduino-duemilanove-reference-design.zip電路圖: arduino-duemilanove-schematic.pdf總體參數微控制器ATmega168/ATmega328操作電壓5V推薦輸入電壓7-12V極限輸入電壓6-20V數字I/O腳數14 ，其中六路提供PWM輸出模擬輸入腳數 6I/O腳直流電40 mA3.3伏腳的電流 50 mA閃存16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) ，其中2KB用於bootloaderSRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328)EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328)時鐘頻率16 MHz電源Arduino Duemilanove 可以由USB口或者外接電源供電，電源會自動切換。

外部電源(非USB模式)可以是電源適配器或者電池，適配器可以用2.1毫米中心正極的插頭接在Arduino板的電源插座上，由電池引出的電源線可以插在地（GND）腳和電源輸入(POWER)的VIN腳。

arduino 汉化

About arduino 汉化方法和问题
Arduino官方技术文档中说，arduino1.0.1版本可以汉化，如果使用的是旧版本你可以试一下，我没试过不知道。

是在不行你就去官网挡个新版本吧，这里顺便说一下，汉化后只是界面变成中文的了，程序中依然不能使用中文注释，输入中文依然没有反应，废话不多说了，进入正题：
第一步点击File---------Preferences
不懂不要要紧看图
然后你可一看到这张图，将红圈那项展开你可以看到简体中文选项，在上面点击一下（至于其他选项都是神马意思我就不废话解释了，等汉化完你自己慢慢研究吧，详细不是大白菜就应该知道怎么配置了）
然后单击右下角的“ok ”按钮关闭窗口，咦？？？肿么还是鸟语，重启一下软件看看（注意将所有arduino 窗口都关闭不然不成功），然后重新打开arduino ，看到没，编程中文了，如下图
到此结束。

Arduino Braccio Carrier 产品参考手册说明书

Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00032DescriptionArduino® Braccio Carrier is an add-on board that sits on top of your favorite Arduino Educational existing product line providing faster prototyping in increasing demands for robotics and automation. The tailor-made Arduino®Braccio Carrier has a collection of features that enables quick and easy learning while building small projects. Target AreasRobotics, Automation, Education, Gaming, CommunicationFeaturesMaxLinear SP335 TransceiverMultiprotocol transceiver supporting RS-232, RS-485, and RS-422 serial standards Data rates of 20 Mbps in RS-485/422 modes and up to 1Mbps in RS-232±15kV ESD protectionSupply voltage from 3V to 5.5VDisplay ConnectorFlexible ﬂat cable and ﬂexible printed circuit connector with 0.5mm spacingOperating temperature up to 105°CMax current for one contact is 0.5ARobust, reliable and easy to operate for automatic mounting and SMT processesRight angle mountingPlastic tape packagingMini Joystick ConnectorProgrammable USB Type-C ConnectorESD Protection4- and 5-line unidirectional transil function for electrostatic discharge protectionLow-leakage current: < 500 nAPCB Area: < 2.6 mm244445566667891010101010101212121331515161616Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products2 Technical Speciﬁcation Overview2.1 Peripherals2.2 Connectors & I/O Port 3 Ratings3.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 4 Functional Overview4.1 Block Diagram 4.2 Board Topology 4.3 Processor 4.4 Power Tree 5 Board Operation5.1 Getting Started - IDE 5.2 Sample Sketches 5.3 Online Resources 5.4 Board Recovery 6 Connector Pinouts 7 Mechanical Information7.1 Board Outline 7.2 Board Mount Holes8 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)9 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202110 Conﬂict Minerals Declaration 11 FCC Caution12 Company Information 13 Reference Documentation 14 Revision History1 The BoardThe custom-made Arduino® Braccio Carrier provides a wide range of connectivity capabilities to the Arduino®Educational boards. For easy to learn and play around prototyping robotic and smart automation projects in and out of classrooms, Arduino® Braccio Carrier features interfaces for display, servo motors and joystick. Along with high-speed RS-485/422 and RS-232 serial communication, the carrier board oﬀers huge support for several accessories through the IO headers. In situations of long-range operations, RS-485 can support several devices on the same bus in a noisy environment. The board has robust electrostatic discharge protection circuitry to keep the components safe.1.1 Application ExamplesSmart Automation: The industry-standard RS-232 and RS-485/422 serial communication support forArduino® Braccio Carrier has made it possible to implement smart automation IoT projects for a wide range of projects. The low-power carrier board enables students to take advantage of the onboard connectors and play with the Arduino® hardware for the enhanced learning experienceRobotic Arm: Through servo motor connector supporting up to a total of 6 motors has given a chance to demonstrate robotic application including RC Car. Some of the most interesting robotic applications with faster prototyping come from the student community for various problem statements.Gaming: Thanks to the Mini Joystick connector provided on the Arduino® Braccio Carrier carrier board which facilitates the implementation of LCD gaming options. Interfacing Mini Joystick with the carrier boardintegrated with a powerful Arduino® board can deliver some really exciting projects.1.2 Related ProductsArduino® Nano RP2040 Connect.2 Technical Specification OverviewFollowing information outlines the technical overview of the Arduino® Braccio Carrier.2.1 PeripheralsJAX133T-IF05Display module to allow Braccio ++ to deploy visual information. The module is based on 240RGBX240 Dot-Matrix TFT LCD via FPC interface. It is possible to interconnect via Display Connector J1 found onArduino® Braccio Carrier.Compatible ConnectorJ1 (Display CONN)Switronic IT-1501-GJoystick module to allow Braccio ++ manoeuvre. It is possible to interconnect via J3 & J4 Board Connector found on Arduino® Braccio Carrier.Compatible ConnectorJ3 & J4 Board CONN2.2 Connectors & I/O PortDisplay Connector J1Connector available to interface the JAX133T-IF05 display module.Connector Ref.Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range J10.5A per Contact105°CJ3 & J4 Board ConnectorBoard splitter which allows to interface display and joystick at a distance, from which all the motor wire interfaces arrive.Molex 44914-0601Rectangular power connector with 6 contacts. Available for external power supply and for servo line.No. Connectors Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range 2*********-40°C ~ +105°CAdam Equipment LHA-04-TSConnectors available to interface with motors. RS485 smart motors compatible, derived by conﬁguration of 4x SR418D and 2x SR312 models. Lead free and RoHS Compliant.No. Connectors Maximum Electrical Operating Range Maximum Temperature Operating Range 6250VAC @ 3A-25°C ~ +85°CUSB-C PortUSB 3.1 port available to enable program upload, and power supply source port for Arduino® BraccioCarrier.USB Version USB Type PurposeUSB Version USB Type Purpose3.1C-Type (Reversible)Program Upload & Power SupplyESLOV ConnectorThe connector provides the capability of module's automatic conﬁguration and handle the sleep state for low power mode. Connector is designated with J2 reference, providing 5 pins for interrupt and I2Cprotocol at 5V.Connector Ref.Operating Voltage Line FeatureJ25V I2C Protocol + Interrupt3 Ratings3.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsDescription Min Max Conservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C85 °C 4 Functional Overview4.1 Block DiagramArduino Braccio Carrier System Block DiagramThe USB powers the Arduino® Nano RP2040 Connect which is the heart of the Braccio Carrier as it stores the programs responsible for the functioning of the whole system. The Nano is connected to the joystick which is theinput peripheral and LED display screen which is the output peripheral of the microcontroller. Another power supply via USB-C powers the connected motors which constitute the entire robotics functionality the system. RS485 Transceiver signals the motor connector for the precise motihe motors according to the input given by the user.Arduino® Braccio Carrier Block Diagram4.2 Board TopologyP B 2U1U3U4J 1J2PB1J 4J 3J 8Arduino® Braccio Carrier Top ViewRef.Description Ref.Description PB1Pushbutton SMD PB2Mini Joystick U124 Bit I2C SMBUS I/O U4Line Transceiver J1CONN FPC SMD J2CONN JST 5 POS J3Board ConnectorJ4Board Connector U3Power Supply Support CircuitJ8USB 3.1 Type C4.3 ProcessorPrimary processor of Arduino® Braccio Carrier is the processor of the Arduino® Nano RP2040 Connectmicrocontroller mounted on it. The microcontroller controls every operation of the Braccio Carrier for the target applications via connections with motors and LED display screen.4.4 Power TreeBraccio Carrier Power Tree5 Board Operation5.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino® Braccio Carrier while oﬄine you need to install the Arduino® Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino® Braccio Carrier to your computer, you’ll need a Type-B USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.5.2 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino® Braccio Carrier can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino® IDE 5.3 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Project Hub [2], the Arduino® Library Reference [3] and the online store [4] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more.5.4 Board RecoveryAll Arduino® boards have a built-in bootloader which allows ﬂashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after power up.6 Connector PinoutsBraccio Carrier Pinout7 Mechanical Information7.1 Board Outline24.00mm10.00m m58.50m m78.50m m122.00mm Outline7.2 Board Mount HolesØ3.20mm3.30mm 3.30mm19.00mm23.75mmØ2.00mm24.70m m20.90mm 28.50m m35.50mm11.00mmMount HolesCertifications8 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).9 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino® boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino® Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any signiﬁcant amounts as speciﬁed by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.10 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino® is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conﬂict Minerals, speciﬁcally the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino® does not directly source or process conﬂict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conﬂict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino® has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conﬂict Minerals sourced from conﬂict-free areas.11 FCC CautionAny Changes or modiﬁcations not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for license-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.Frequency bands Maximum output power (ERP)2400-2483.5 Mhz17 dBm12 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 - 20900 Monza (MB), Italy13 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///reference/en/libraries/Online Store https:///14 Revision HistoryDate Revision Changes23/03/20221First Release。

【参考借鉴】Arduino 语法手册.doc

Arduino语法手册Arduino的程序可以划分为三个主要部分：结构、变量（变量与常量）、函数。

结构部分一、结构1.1setup()1.2loop()二、结构控制2.1if2.2if...else2.3for2.4switchcase2.5while2.6do...while2.7break2.8continue2.9return2.10goto三、扩展语法3.1;（分号）3.2{}（花括号）3.3//（单行注释）3.4/RR/（多行注释）3.5#define3.6#include四、算数运算符4.1=（赋值运算符）4.2+（加）4.3-（减）4.4R（乘）4.5/（除）4.6%（模）五、比较运算符5.1==（等于）5.2!=（不等于）5.3<（小于）5.4>（大于）5.5<=（小于等于）5.6>=（大于等于）六、布尔运算符6.1&&（与）6.2||（或）6.3!（非）七、指针运算符7.1R取消引用运算符7.2&引用运算符八、位运算符8.1&(bitwiseand)8.2|(bitwiseor)8.3^(bitwiseRor)8.4~(bitwisenot)8.5<<(bitshiftleft)8.6>>(bitshiftright)九、复合运算符9.1++(increment)9.2--(decrement)9.3+=(compoundaddition)9.4-=(compoundsubtraction)9.5R=(compoundmultiplication)9.6/=(compounddivision)9.6&=(compoundbitwiseand)9.8|=(compoundbitwiseor)变量部分十、常量10.1HIGH|LOW（引脚电压定义）10.2INPUT|OUTPUT（数字引脚（Digitalpins）定义）10.3true|false（逻辑层定义）10.4integerconstants（整数常量）10.5floatingpointconstants（浮点常量）十一、数据类型11.1void11.2boolean（布尔）11.3char（有号数据类型）11.4unsignedchar（无符号数据类型）11.5bRte（无符号数）11.6int（整型）11.7unsignedint（无符号整型）11.8word11.9long（长整数型）11.10unsignedlong(无符号长整数型)11.11float（浮点型数）11.12double（双精度浮点数）11.13string（chararraR/字符串）11.14Stringobject（String类）11.15arraR（数组）十二、数据类型转换12.1char()12.2bRte()12.3int()12.4word()12.5long()12.6float()十三、变量作用域&修饰符13.1variablescope（变量的作用域）13.2static（静态变量）13.3volatile13.4const十四、辅助工具14.1sizeof()函数部分十R五、数字I/O15.1pinMode()15.2digitalWrite()15.3digitalRead()十六、模拟I/O16.1analogReference()16.2analogRead()16.3analogWrite()PWM 十七、高级I/O17.1tone()17.2noTone()17.3shiftOut()17.4shiftIn()17.5pulseIn()十八、时间18.1millis()18.2micros()18.3delaR()18.4delaRMicroseconds() 十九、数学运算19.1min()19.2maR()19.3abs()19.4constrain()19.5map()19.6pow()19.7sqrt()19.8ceil()19.9eRp()19.10fabs()19.11floor()19.12fma()19.13fmaR()19.14fmin()19.15fmod()19.16ldeRp()19.17log()19.18log10()19.19round()19.20signbit()19.21sq()19.22square()19.23trunc()二十、三角函数20.1sin()20.2cos()20.3tan()20.4acos()20.5asin()20.6atan()20.7atan2()20.8cosh()20.9degrees()20.10hRpot()20.11radians()20.12sinh()20.13tanh()二十一、随机数21.1randomSeed()21.2random()二十二、位操作22.1lowBRte()22.2highBRte()22.3bitRead()22.4bitWrite()22.5bitSet()22.6bitClear()22.7bit()二十三、设置中断函数23.1attachInterrupt()23.2detachInterrupt()二十四、开关中断24.1interrupts()（中断）24.2noInterrupts()（禁止中断）二十R五、通讯25.1Serial25.1.1if(Serial)25.1.2Serial.available()25.1.3Serial.begin()25.1.4Serial.end()25.1.5Serial.find()25.1.6Serial.findUntil()25.1.7Serial.flush()25.1.8Serial.parseFloat()25.1.9Serial.parseInt()25.1.10Serial.peek()25.1.11Serial.print()25.1.12Serial.println()25.1.13Serial.read()25.1.14Serial.readBRtes()25.1.15Serial.readBRtesUntil()25.1.16Serial.setTimeout()25.1.17Serial.write()25.1.18Serial.SerialEvent()25.2Stream二十六、USB（仅适用于Leonardo和Due）26.1Mouse（键盘）26.2KeRboard（鼠标）结构部分一、结构1.1setup()在Arduino中程序运行时将首先调用setup()函数。

Arduino-语法手册

Arduino 语法手册Arduino 的程序可以划分为三个主要部分：结构、变量（变量与常量）、函数。

结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()1.2 loop()二、结构控制2.1 if2.2 if...else2.3 for2.4 switch case2.5 while2.6 do... while2.7 break2.8 continue2.9 return2.10 goto三、扩展语法3.1 ;（分号）3.2 {}（花括号）3.3 //（单行注释）3.4 /* */（多行注释）3.5 #define3.6 #include四、算数运算符4.1 =（赋值运算符）4.2 +（加）4.3 -（减）4.4 *（乘）4.5 /（除）4.6 %（模）五、比较运算符5.1 ==（等于）5.2 !=（不等于）5.3 <（小于）5.4 >（大于）5.5 <=（小于等于）5.6 >=（大于等于）六、布尔运算符6.1 &&（与）6.2 ||（或）6.3 !（非）七、指针运算符7.1 * 取消引用运算符7.2 & 引用运算符八、位运算符8.1 & (bitwise and)8.2 | (bitwise or)8.3 ^ (bitwise xor)8.4 ~ (bitwise not)8.5 << (bitshift left)8.6 >> (bitshift right)九、复合运算符9.1 ++ (increment)9.2 -- (decrement)9.3 += (compound addition)9.4 -= (compound subtraction)9.5 *= (compound multiplication)9.6 /= (compound division)9.6 &= (compound bitwise and)9.8 |= (compound bitwise or)变量部分十、常量10.1 HIGH|LOW（引脚电压定义）10.2 INPUT|OUTPUT（数字引脚（Digitalpins）定义）10.3 true | false（逻辑层定义）10.4 integer constants（整数常量）10.5 floating point constants（浮点常量）十一、数据类型11.1 void11.2 boolean（布尔）11.3 char（有号数据类型）11.4 unsigned char（无符号数据类型）11.5 byte（无符号数）11.6 int（整型）精选11.7 unsigned int（无符号整型）11.8 word11.9 long（长整数型）11.10 unsigned long(无符号长整数型)11.11 float（浮点型数）11.12 double（双精度浮点数）11.13 string（char array/字符串）11.14 String object（String类）11.15 array （数组）十二、数据类型转换12.1 char()12.2 byte()12.3 int()12.4 word()12.5 long()12.6 float()十三、变量作用域& 修饰符13.1 variable scope（变量的作用域）13.2 static（静态变量）13.3 volatile13.4 const十四、辅助工具14.1 sizeof()函数部分十五、数字I/O15.1 pinMode()15.2 digitalWrite()15.3 digitalRead()十六、模拟I/O16.1 analogReference()16.2 analogRead()16.3 analogWrite() PWM十七、高级I/O17.1 tone()17.2 noTone()17.3 shiftOut()17.4 shiftIn()17.5 pulseIn()十八、时间18.1 millis()18.2 micros()18.3 delay()18.4 delayMicroseconds()十九、数学运算19.1 min()19.2 max()19.3 abs()19.4 constrain()19.5 map()19.6 pow()19.7 sqrt()19.8 ceil()19.9 exp()19.10 fabs()19.11 floor()19.12 fma()19.13 fmax()19.14 fmin()19.15 fmod()19.16 ldexp()19.17 log()19.18 log10()19.19 round()19.20 signbit()19.21 sq()19.22 square()19.23 trunc()二十、三角函数20.1 sin()20.2 cos()20.3 tan()20.4 acos()20.5 asin()20.6 atan()20.7 atan2()20.8 cosh()20.9 degrees()20.10 hypot()20.11 radians()20.12 sinh()20.13 tanh()二十一、随机数21.1 randomSeed()21.2 random()二十二、位操作22.1 lowByte()22.2 highByte()22.3 bitRead()22.4 bitWrite()22.5 bitSet()22.6 bitClear()22.7 bit()二十三、设置中断函数23.1 attachInterrupt()23.2 detachInterrupt()二十四、开关中断24.1 interrupts()（中断）24.2 noInterrupts()（禁止中断）二十五、通讯25.1 Serial25.1.1 if (Serial)25.1.2 Serial.available()25.1.3 Serial.begin()25.1.4 Serial.end()25.1.5 Serial.find()25.1.6 Serial.findUntil()25.1.7 Serial.flush()25.1.8 Serial.parseFloat()25.1.9 Serial.parseInt()25.1.10 Serial.peek()25.1.11 Serial.print()25.1.12 Serial.println()25.1.13 Serial.read()25.1.14 Serial.readBytes()25.1.15 Serial.readBytesUntil()25.1.16 Serial.setTimeout()25.1.17 Serial.write()25.1.18 Serial.SerialEvent()25.2 Stream二十六、USB（仅适用于Leonardo 和Due）26.1 Mouse（键盘）26.2 Keyboard（鼠标）精选结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()在Arduino中程序运行时将首先调用setup() 函数。

Arduino参考手册-函数和变量及电路图

Arduino参考⼿册-函数和变量及电路图常⽤函数(Nano版)数字 I/OdigitalRead(pin)参数：[n]；返回值：[ HIGH | LOW ]digitalWrite(pin, value)参数：[n]，[HIGH | LOW]；返回值：⽆pinMode(pin, mode)参数：[n]，[INPUT | OUTPUT | INPUT_PULLUP]；返回值：⽆模拟 I/O(部分)analogRead(pin)参数：[A0-A5]；返回值：[0-1023]analogWrite(pin, value)参数：[3,5,6,9,10,11]，[0-255]；返回值：⽆说明：PWM wave 490Hz⾼级 I/OpulseIn(pin, value, [timeout])参数：[n]，[HIGH | LOW]，{unsigned long}(微秒；默认：1秒)；返回值：{unsigned long}(脉冲时长：10微秒-3分钟)pulseInLong(pin, value, [timeout])参数：[n]，[HIGH | LOW]，{unsigned long}(微秒；默认：1秒)；返回值：{unsigned long}(脉冲时长：10微秒-3分钟)说明：擅长处理长脉冲和中断受影响的场景。

仅当中断启⽤时可⽤shiftIn(dataPin, clockPin, bitOrder)参数：[n]，[n]，[MSBFIRST |LSBFIRST]；返回值：{byte}shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, bitOrder, value)参数：[n]，[n]，[MSBFIRST | LSBFIRST]，{byte}；返回值：⽆tone(pin, frequency, [duration])参数：[n]，{unsigned int}(赫兹)，{unsigned long}(毫秒)；返回值：⽆说明：50%占空⽐，频率⼤于31Hz。

Arduino-语法手册

Arduino 语法手册Arduino 的程序可以划分为三个主要部分：结构、变量（变量与常量）、函数。

结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()1.2 loop()二、结构控制2.1 if2.2 if...else2.3 for2.4 switch case2.5 while2.6 do... while2.7 break2.8 continue2.9 return2.10 goto三、扩展语法3.1 ;（分号）3.2 {}（花括号）3.3 //（单行注释）3.4 /* */（多行注释）3.5 #define3.6 #include四、算数运算符4.1 =（赋值运算符）4.2 +（加）4.3 -（减）4.4 *（乘）4.5 /（除）4.6 %（模）五、比较运算符5.1==（等于）5.2 !=（不等于）5.3 <（小于）5.4 >（大于）5.5 <=（小于等于）5.6 >=（大于等于）六、布尔运算符6.1 &&（与）6.2 ||（或）6.3 !（非）七、指针运算符7.1 * 取消引用运算符7.2 &引用运算符八、位运算符8.1 & (bitwise and)8.2 | (bitwise or)8.3 ^ (bitwise xor)8.4 ~ (bitwise not)8.5 << (bitshift left)8.6 >> (bitshift right)九、复合运算符9.1 ++ (increment)9.2 -- (decrement)9.3 += (compound addition)9.4 -= (compound subtraction)9.5 *= (compound multiplication)9.6 /= (compound division)9.6 &= (compound bitwise and)9.8 |= (compound bitwise or)变量部分十、常量10.1 HIGH|LOW（引脚电压定义）10.2 INPUT|OUTPUT（数字引脚（Digital pins）定义）10.3 true | false（逻辑层定义）10.4 integer constants（整数常量）10.5 floating point constants（浮点常量）十一、数据类型11.1 void11.2 boolean（布尔）11.3 char（有号数据类型）11.4 unsigned char（无符号数据类型）11.5 byte（无符号数）11.6 int（整型）111.7 unsigned int（无符号整型）11.8 word11.9 long（长整数型）11.10 unsigned long(无符号长整数型)11.11 float（浮点型数）11.12 double（双精度浮点数）11.13 string（char array/字符串）11.14 String object（String类）11.15 array （数组）十二、数据类型转换12.1 char()12.2 byte()12.3int()12.4 word()12.5 long()12.6 float()十三、变量作用域&修饰符13.1 variable scope（变量的作用域）13.2 static（静态变量）13.3 volatile13.4 const十四、辅助工具14.1 sizeof()函数部分十五、数字I/O15.1 pinMode()15.2 digitalWrite()15.3 digitalRead()十六、模拟I/O16.1 analogReference()16.2 analogRead()16.3 analogWrite() PWM十七、高级I/O17.1 tone()17.2 noTone()17.3 shiftOut()17.4 shiftIn()17.5 pulseIn()十八、时间18.1 millis()18.2 micros()18.3 delay()18.4 delayMicroseconds() 十九、数学运算19.1 min()19.2 max()19.3 abs()19.4 constrain()19.5 map()19.6 pow()19.7 sqrt()19.8 ceil()19.9 exp()19.10 fabs()19.11 floor()19.12 fma()19.13 fmax()19.14 fmin()19.15 fmod()19.16 ldexp()19.17 log()19.18 log10()19.19 round()19.20 signbit()19.21 sq()19.22 square()19.23 trunc()二十、三角函数20.1 sin()20.2 cos()20.3 tan()20.4 acos()20.5 asin()20.6 atan()20.7 atan2()20.8 cosh()20.9 degrees()20.10 hypot()20.11 radians()20.12 sinh()20.13 tanh()二十一、随机数21.1 randomSeed()21.2 random()二十二、位操作222.1 lowByte()22.2 highByte()22.3 bitRead()22.4 bitWrite()22.5 bitSet()22.6 bitClear()22.7 bit()二十三、设置中断函数23.1 attachInterrupt()23.2 detachInterrupt()二十四、开关中断24.1 interrupts()（中断）24.2 noInterrupts()（禁止中断）二十五、通讯25.1 Serial25.1.1 if (Serial)25.1.2 Serial.available()25.1.3 Serial.begin()25.1.4 Serial.end()25.1.5 Serial.find()25.1.6 Serial.findUntil()25.1.7 Serial.flush()25.1.8 Serial.parseFloat()25.1.9 Serial.parseInt()25.1.10 Serial.peek()25.1.11 Serial.print()25.1.12 Serial.println()25.1.13 Serial.read()25.1.14 Serial.readBytes()25.1.15 Serial.readBytesUntil()25.1.16 Serial.setTimeout()25.1.17 Serial.write()25.1.18 Serial.SerialEvent()25.2 Stream二十六、USB（仅适用于Leonardo 和Due）26.1 Mouse（键盘）26.2 Keyboard（鼠标）3结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()在Arduino中程序运行时将首先调用setup() 函数。

Arduino语法手册范本

Arduino 语法手册Arduino 的程序可以划分为三个主要部分：结构、变量（变量与常量）、函数。

结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()1.2 loop()二、结构控制2.1 if2.2 if...else2.3 for2.4 switch case2.5 while2.6 do... while2.7 break2.8 continue2.9 return2.10 goto三、扩展语法3.1 ;（分号）3.2 {}（花括号）3.3 //（单行注释）3.4 /* */（多行注释）3.5 #define3.6 #include四、算数运算符4.1 =（赋值运算符）4.2 +（加）4.3 -（减）4.4 *（乘）4.5 /（除）4.6 %（模）五、比较运算符5.1 ==（等于）5.2 !=（不等于）5.3 <（小于）5.4 >（大于）5.5 <=（小于等于）5.6 >=（大于等于）六、布尔运算符6.1 &&（与）6.2 ||（或）6.3 !（非）七、指针运算符7.1 * 取消引用运算符7.2 & 引用运算符八、位运算符8.1 & (bitwise and)8.2 | (bitwise or)8.3 ^ (bitwise xor)8.4 ~ (bitwise not)8.5 << (bitshift left)8.6 >> (bitshift right)九、复合运算符9.1 ++ (increment)9.2 -- (decrement)9.3 += (compound addition)9.4 -= (compound subtraction)9.5 *= (compound multiplication)9.6 /= (compound division)9.6 &= (compound bitwise and)9.8 |= (compound bitwise or)变量部分十、常量10.1 HIGH|LOW（引脚电压定义）10.2 INPUT|OUTPUT（数字引脚（Digital pins）定义）10.3 true | false（逻辑层定义）10.4 integer constants（整数常量）10.5 floating point constants（浮点常量）十一、数据类型11.1 void11.2 boolean（布尔）11.3 char（有号数据类型）11.4 unsigned char（无符号数据类型）11.5 byte（无符号数）11.6 int（整型）11.7 unsigned int（无符号整型）11.8 word11.9 long（长整数型）11.10 unsigned long(无符号长整数型)11.11 float（浮点型数）11.12 double（双精度浮点数）11.13 string（char array/字符串）11.14 String object（String类）11.15 array （数组）十二、数据类型转换12.1 char()12.2 byte()12.3 int()12.4 word()12.5 long()12.6 float()十三、变量作用域 & 修饰符13.1 variable scope（变量的作用域）13.2 static（静态变量）13.3 volatile13.4 const十四、辅助工具14.1 sizeof()函数部分十五、数字 I/O15.1 pinMode()15.2 digitalWrite()15.3 digitalRead()十六、模拟 I/O16.1 analogReference()16.2 analogRead()16.3 analogWrite() PWM十七、高级 I/O17.1 tone()17.2 noTone()17.3 shiftOut()17.4 shiftIn()17.5 pulseIn()十八、时间18.1 millis()18.2 micros()18.3 delay()18.4 delayMicroseconds() 十九、数学运算19.1 min()19.2 max()19.3 abs()19.4 constrain()19.5 map()19.6 pow()19.7 sqrt()19.8 ceil()19.9 exp()19.10 fabs()19.11 floor()19.12 fma()19.13 fmax()19.14 fmin()19.15 fmod()19.16 ldexp()19.17 log()19.18 log10()19.19 round()19.20 signbit()19.21 sq()19.22 square()19.23 trunc()二十、三角函数20.1 sin()20.2 cos()20.3 tan()20.4 acos()20.5 asin()20.6 atan()20.7 atan2()20.8 cosh()20.9 degrees()20.10 hypot()20.11 radians()20.12 sinh()20.13 tanh()二十一、随机数21.1 randomSeed()21.2 random()二十二、位操作22.1 lowByte()22.2 highByte()22.3 bitRead()22.4 bitWrite()22.5 bitSet()22.6 bitClear()22.7 bit()二十三、设置中断函数23.1 attachInterrupt()23.2 detachInterrupt()二十四、开关中断24.1 interrupts()（中断）24.2 noInterrupts()（禁止中断）二十五、通讯25.1 Serial25.1.1 if (Serial)25.1.2 Serial.available()25.1.3 Serial.begin()25.1.4 Serial.end()25.1.5 Serial.find()25.1.6 Serial.findUntil()25.1.7 Serial.flush()25.1.8 Serial.parseFloat()25.1.9 Serial.parseInt()25.1.10 Serial.peek()25.1.11 Serial.print()25.1.12 Serial.println()25.1.13 Serial.read()25.1.14 Serial.readBytes()25.1.15 Serial.readBytesUntil()25.1.16 Serial.setTimeout()25.1.17 Serial.write()25.1.18 Serial.SerialEvent()25.2 Stream二十六、USB（仅适用于 Leonardo 和 Due）26.1 Mouse（键盘）26.2 Keyboard（鼠标）结构部分一、结构1.1 setup()在Arduino中程序运行时将首先调用 setup() 函数。

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Arduino编程参考手册控制语句 (5)if (5)if...else (6)for (8)switch case (10)while (11)do...while . (12)break (12)continue (13)return (14)goto (15)相关语法 (16)分号 (16)大括号 (16)注释 (18)define (19)include (20)算术运算符 (21)赋值 (21)加，减，乘，除 (21)取模 (22)比较运算符 (24)if(条件) and ==, !=, <, > (比较运算符) (24)布尔运算符 (26)指针运算符 (27)位运算 (27)位与 (27)位或 (28)位异或 (30)位非 (32)左移、右移 (33)复合运算符 (35)自加++ (35)自减-- (35)复合加+= (35)复合减-= (36)复合乘*= (36)复合除/= (36)复合与&= (36)复合或|= (36)变量36宏定义 (37)整型常量 (39)浮点数常量 (40)数据类型 (41)void (41)boolean (42)char (43)unsigned char (43)byte (44)int (44)unsigned int (45)word (46)long (46)unsigned long (47)float (48)double (49)string (49)String(c++) (51)array (52)数据类型转换 (54)char() (54)byte() (54)int() (54)word() (55)long() (55)float() (56)变量作用域&修饰符 (56)变量作用域 (56)static (静态变量) (57)volatile (易变变量) (59)const (不可改变变量) (61)辅助工具 (61)sizeof() (sizeof运算符) (61)ASCII码表 (63)基本函数64数字I/O (64)pinMode() (64)digitalWrite() (65)digitalRead() (67)模拟I/O (68)analogReference() (68)analogRead() (68)analogWrite() (69)shiftOut() (71)pulseIn() (72)时间 (73)millis() (73)delay(ms) (73)delayMicroseconds(us) (74)数学库 (75)min() (75)max() (75)abs() (76)constrain() (76)map() (76)pow() (78)sqrt() (78)三角函数 (78)sin(),cos(),tan() (78)随机数 (78)randomSeed() (78)random() (79)位操作 (79)设置中断函数 (80)a (80)achInterrupt() (80)detachInterrupt() (82)interrupts() (82)noInterrupts() (83)串口通讯 (83)begin() (84)available() (84)read() (86)flush() (87)print() (87)println() (91)write() (91)peak() (92)serialEvent() (92)程序结构(本节直译自Arduino官网最新Reference)在Arduino中, 标准的程序入口main函数在部被定义, 用户只需要关心以下两个函数:setup()当Arduino板起动时setup()函数会被调用。

用它来初始化变量，引脚模式，开始使用某个库，等等。

该函数在Arduino 板的每次上电和复位时只运行一次。

loop()在创建setup函数，该函数初始化和设置初始值，loop()函数所做事的正如其名，连续循环，允许你的程序改变状态和响应事件。

可以用它来实时控制arduino板。

示例：控制语句ifif，用于与比较运算符结合使用，测试是否已达到某些条件，例如一个输入数据在某个围之外。

使用格式如下：该程序测试value是否大于50。

如果是，程序将执行特定的动作。

换句话说，如果圆括号中的语句为真，大括号中的语句就会执行。

如果不是，程序将跳过这段代码。

大括号可以被省略，如果这么做，下一行（以分号结尾）将成为唯一的条件语句。

圆括号中要被计算的语句需要一个或多个操作符。

if...else与基本的if语句相比，由于允许多个测试组合在一起，if/else可以使用更多的控制流。

例如，可以测试一个模拟量输入，如果输入值小于500，则采取一个动作，而如果输入值大于或等于500，则采取另一个动作。

代码看起来像是这样：else中可以进行另一个if测试，这样多个相互独立的测试就可以同时进行。

每一个测试一个接一个地执行直到遇到一个测试为真为止。

当发现一个测试条件为真时，与其关联的代码块就会执行，然后程序将跳到完整的if/else结构的下一行。

如果没有一个测试被验证为真。

缺省的else语句块，如果存在的话，将被设为默认行为，并执行。

注意：一个else if语句块可能有或者没有终止else语句块，同理。

每个else if分支允许有无限多个。

另外一种表达互斥分支测试的方式，是使用switch case语句。

forfor语句描述for语句用于重复执行被花括号包围的语句块。

一个增量计数器通常被用来递增和终止循环。

for语句对于任何需要重复的操作是非常有用的。

常常用于与数组联合使用以收集数据/引脚。

for循环的头部有三个部分：初始化部分被第一个执行，且只执行一次。

每次通过这个循环，条件判断部分将被测试;如果为真，语句块和数据递增部分就会被执行,然后条件判断部分就会被再次测试，当条件测试为假时，结束循环。

示例：编码提示：C中的for循环比在其它计算机语言中发现的for循环要灵活的多，包括BASIC。

三个头元素中的任何一个或全部可能被省略，尽管分号是必须的。

而且初始化部分、条件判断部分和数据递增部分可以是任何合法的使用任意变量的C语句。

且可以使用任何数据类型包括floats。

这些不常用的类型用于语句段也许可以为一些罕见的编程问题提供解决方案。

例如，在递增部分中使用一个乘法将形成对数级增长：输出: 2,3,4,6,9,,19,28,42,63,94另一个例子，在一个for循环中使一个LED灯渐渐地变亮和变暗：switch caseswitch case 语句就像if语句，switch...case通过允许程序员根据不同的条件指定不同的应被执行的代码来控制程序流。

特别地，一个switch语句对一个变量的值与case语句中指定的值进行比较。

当一个case语句被发现其值等于该变量的值。

就会运行这个case语句下的代码。

break关键字将中止并跳出switch语句段，常常用于每个case语句的最后面。

如果没有break语句，switch语句将继续执行下面的表达式（“持续下降”）直到遇到break，或者是到达switch语句的末尾。

示例：语法参数var: 与不同的case中的值进行比较的变量label: 相应的case的值whilewhile循环描述：while循环将会连续地无限地循环，直到圆括号（）中的表达式变为假。

被测试的变量必须被改变，否则while循环将永远不会中止。

这可以是你的代码，比如一个递增的变量，或者是一个外部条件，比如测试一个传感器。

语法：参数：expression - 一个（布尔型）C语句，被求值为真或假示例：do...whiledo循环do循环与while循环使用相同方式工作，不同的是条件是在循环的末尾被测试的，所以do循环总是至少会运行一次。

示例：breakbreak用于中止do，for，或while循环，绕过正常的循环条件。

它也用于中止switch语句。

示例：continuecontinue语句跳过一个循环的当前迭代的余下部分。

（do，for，或while）。

通过检查循环测试条件它将继续进行随后的迭代。

示例：return终止一个函数，并向被调用函数并返回一个值，如果你想的话。

语法：参数：value: 任何类型的变量或常量示例：return 关键字对测试一段代码很方便，不需“注释掉”大段的可能是错误的代码。

goto在程序中转移程序流到一个标记点语法：提示：在C程序中不建议使用goto，而且一些C编程书的作者主永远不要使用goto语句，但是明智地使用它可以简化某些代码。

许多程序员不赞成使用goto的原因是，无节制地使用goto语句很容易产生执行流混乱的很难被调试程序。

尽管如是说，仍然有很多使用goto语句而大大简化编码的实例。

其中之一就是从一个很深的循环嵌套中跳出去，或者是if逻辑块，在某人些条件下。

示例：相关语法分号用于一个语句的结束示例提示忘记在一行的末尾加一个分号将产生一个编译器错误。

该错误信息可能是明显的，且会提及丢失分号，但也许不会。

如果出现一个不可理喻的或看起来不合逻辑的错误，其中一个首先要做的事就是检查分号丢失。

编译器会在前一行的附近发出抱怨。

大括号大括号（又称括弧或花括号）是C语言的主要组成部分。

它们用在几个不同的结构中，大致如下，这可能会令初学者感到困惑。

一个左大括号必须有一个右大括号跟在后面。

这是一个常被称为平衡括号的条件。

Arduino IDE（集成开发环境）包含一个方便的特性以检验平衡大括号。

只需选择一个大括号，甚至直接在一个大括号后面点击插入点，然后它的逻辑上的同伴就会高亮显示。

目前此功能有些许错误，因为IDE经常在文本中（错误地）发现一个已经被注释掉的大括号。

初级程序员，和从BASIC转到C的程序员常常发现使用大括号令人困惑或畏缩。

毕竟，用同样的大括号在子例程（函数）中替换RETURN语句，在条件语句中替换ENDIF语句和在FOR循环中替换NEXT语句。

由于大括号的使用是如此的多样，当插入一个需要大括号的结构时，直接在打出开括号之后打出闭括号是个不错的编程实践。

然后在大括号之间插入一些回车符，接着开始插入语句。

你的大括号，还有你的态度，将永远不会变得不平衡。

不平衡的大括号常常导致古怪的，难以理解的编译器错误，有时在大型程序中很难查出。

因为它们的多样的使用，大括号对于程序的语法也是极其重要的，对一个大括号移动一行或两行常常显著地影响程序的意义。

大括号的主要用法注释注释是程序中的一些行，用于让自己或他人了解程序的工作方式。

他们会被编译器忽略，而不会输出到控制器，所以它们不会占用Atmega芯片上的任何空间。

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