牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式

牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式1玉米机械化收获现状1 status of corn harvest mechanization玉米、小麦、水稻三大作物机械化生产是中国农业机械化的主攻重点，近几年，农作物机械化收获成为农业发展的一个重要环节。

小麦和水稻的机械化收获都获得了不同程度的突破，玉米作为我国三大粮食作物之一，种植面积近3 000万hm2，在玉米的生产过程中，玉米机械化收获率不足50%，已成为玉米生产全面机械化的薄弱环节，因此提高玉米机械化收获水平具有十分重要的意义。

Corn, wheat and rice production mechanization is the main focus of agricultural mechanization in China, in recent years, crop harvest mechanization has become an important part of agricultural development. Wheat and rice mechanized harvesting have been varying degrees of breakthrough, as one of China's three major grain crops, corn planting area of nearly 3, 0 million hm2, in the production of corn, corn harvest mechanization rate is less than 50%, has become a comprehensive mechanized maize production weak links, and therefore improve the level of corn harvest mechanization has the very vital significance.牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式2中国玉米收获机械发展状况：2 China's corn harvest machine development status:我国从20世纪60年代开始研制专用玉米收获机，由于当时农村经济落后及收获机械本身的原因，一直没有大面积推广应用。

直到90年代中期，受小麦联合收割机发展的影响，很多厂家开始研制开发新产品，从引进前苏联6行玉米收获机到自主开发，经十多年来的努力取得了较大的成绩，目前我国有百余家企业开发研制玉米收获机械，主要机型有自走式、背负式、牵引式和玉米割台，年产量已达到数万台。

Beginning in the 1960 s in our country developed special corn harvest machine, due to the backward rural economy and the reasons for the harvesting machine itself, there has been no widespread popularization and application. Until mid - 90 - s, because of the influence of wheat combine harvester development, many manufacturers began to research and development of new products, from the introduction of the former Soviet union 6 rows of corn harvester to independent development, through ten years of efforts made great achievements, at present our country has more than hundred enterprises development of corn harvest machinery, main models are self-contained, knapsack, traction type and牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式corn cutting units, annual production capacity has reached tens of thousands of units.2.1自走式机型我国有10余家企业进行开发生产，产品主要有3行、4行和5行机型。

主要生产商有；约翰.迪尔佳联、洛阳中收、中农博远、山东宁联、天拖等公司。

这些机型的特点是作业质量高、操作简便、省力、行走速度可根据玉米的长势和路面情况无级调节，具有较高的使用可靠性。

2.1 self-propelled model, our country has more than 10 enterprises and development and production, products are mainly have 3 lines, lines 4 and 5. Major producers have; Closed in John Deere, best union, luoyang, middle peasants rich far, in shandong province ning lian, drag companies such as day. These models are characterized by high work quality, simple operation, energy saving, walking speed can be adjusted according to the maize growing and road conditions, has the high serviceability.2.2背负式机型背负式玉米收获机又可分为单行机和多行机。

它是以拖拉机为行走和收获作业的动力，在拖拉机上悬挂配置收获作业部分，一般由摘穗台、升运器、果穗仓、秸秆粉碎还田机（或秸秆切碎回收机）、后挂架、前悬挂架和纵传动轴组成，这种机型价格适中，并能充分利用现有的拖拉机，达到一机多用，为目前保有量最多的机牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式型，主要生产商有天拖公司、天津富康、山东玉丰、洛阳中收等公司。

这类机型的缺点是拖拉机的动力必须从后动力输出轴传至前方的割台，动力传递路线太长，容易出现故障。

2.2 can be divided into the single knapsack type knapsack corn harvester machine and multi-line machine. It is at the walking tractors and harvesting operations, on the tractor suspension configuration to harvest the assignments section, generally by picking machine, elevator, grain storehouse, straw crushing returning machine (or chop straw recycling machine), after hanging rack, front suspension frame and the vertical shaft, this machine price is moderate, and can make full use of existing tractor, achieve multi-usage, for the most current ownership model, major producers have day tow company, tianjin fukang, shandong yufeng, luoyang in charge and other companies. Such type of defect is power must be from the power output shaft of the tractor to cut ahead, power transmission line is too long, prone to failure.2.3牵引式机型牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业，为偏置拖拉式，可一次完成摘穗、剥皮、秸秆粉碎作业，该机型配置较长，使转弯和行走不便，需要开割道后作业，苯酚因此主要在大型农场应用。

2.3 type machine traction type models is to use the tractor traction's牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式 homework, for offset tractor, it can be finished once pick ears, peeling, straw crushing operations, the aircraft configuration, make the turning and walking, needs the cut after the operation, and therefore is mainly applied in large farms.３中国玉米收获技术开发的热点3 China's corn harvest technology development hot spot3.1不对行收获技术实现突破中国农村玉米种植现状为地块小、玉米品种多、种植行距不统一等。

收获机工作时对行、转弯、卸粮等浪费了大量的时间，所以作业效率很低，影响了机具的推广应用。

不对行收获技术是采用主动喂入方式，专门解决种植行距杂乱的玉米收获时植株的喂入问题。

一般是通过将拔禾链沿扶禾器向前侧方延伸，在两扶禾器间形成V型喂入口，玉米植株进入两扶禾器中间后，收获机前进过程中，玉米茎秆首先与拨禾链接触，塑料排水板在拨禾链拨齿的强制作用下向后运动，而不向前倾倒，从而完成不对行喂入，这一技术使玉米收获机的作业效率大为提高，机具的适应性大大增强。

3.1 no row harvest technology realize breakthrough in China's rural corn for small plots, corn, many varieties, plant spacing is not unified and so牵引式机型是用拖拉机牵引作业为偏置拖拉式on. Harvesting machine work on the line, turn, unloading grain, such as waste a lot of time, so the efficiency is very low, has affected the application of machines and tools. Wrong row harvest technology is to use active feeding way, specifically address space messy corn harvest plant feeding problems. Is generally through the grain chain pull along taking grain to the side of the side and form a "V" between the two helps grain machine feed inlet, a corn plant among two help grain machine, harvester forward, in the process of corn stalks first contact with the chain is designed, the chain is designed under forced backward movement, rather than dumping forward, so as to complete wrong line feeding, the technology of corn harvester greatly improved work efficiency, equipment adaptability greatly enhanced.3.2玉米青贮饲料收获技术取得较大进展以往的玉米收获机都是将秸秆粉碎后直接还田，但近年来由于畜牧业的快速发展，玉米秸秆饲料的需求量迅速增加，农民迫切需求将秸秆回收利用。