余劲草unit9课件

The US constitution underscores the importance of the open communication of information and opinion in our democratic society by granting considerable selfdirection to the various forms of mass media.. (Para. 7) underscore (v.)： 1) to emphasize something or show that it is important; underline; 强调 e.g. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis. 2) to draw a line under a word or sentence e.g. While reading, please underscore the words and phrases you think important.
e.g. Tobacco smoke is a common eye irritant.
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And
e.g. irritant gas irritant: adj. causing irritation, especially physical irritation irritate: v. cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations e.g. It irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves.
我的鞋太紧,夹痛我的脚趾。
These tight shห้องสมุดไป่ตู้es irritate my toes.
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A free-speech society can thus tolerate instances of false information, stupidity, and vulgarity—assuming them to be a temporary irritant. To Paraphrase: A society that respects the right of free speech can tolerate false information, stupidity and vulgarity in the mass media on the assumption that they only give rise to troubles in the short run. To translate:
一个言论自由的社会之所以能够容忍虚假信息、愚蠢和庸俗 是因为人们假定这些东西仅会带来暂时的麻烦。
In a stimulating competitive environment, a media program must score quickly. (Para. 9) score: v. 1) to be successful in doing something (使成功，赢得) e.g. She seemed to have scored with her latest novel. 2) to get a game in a game or sport (体育比赛中得分) e.g. No one scored in the fist half. He scored the first goal after five minutes.
12. Similarly, other forms of mass media, from churches to sporting events explicitly or implicitly include these attention-getters in their programming (consider hell-and-brimstone and sexual purity sermons and the appeal of church suppers; or football violence, cheerleaders, and drinks-and-chips).
8.
Mass media are very competitive. Folks today have many options about the TV and films they watch, the books and magazines they read, the cultural and religious institutions they attend. The challenge for a media program is to get and hold the attention of mass media shoppers -- who are channel surfing, browsing at a bookstore, checking out various churches.
English Reading and Translation
Jincao YU
How Mass Media Affect Our Perception of Reality?
by Robert Sylwester
7.
The U.S. Constitution underscores the importance of the open communication of information and opinion in our democratic society by granting considerable self-direction to the various forms of mass media. A marketplace mentality suggests that useful information and opinions will spread, and the useless will disappear. A free-speech society can thus tolerate instances of false information, stupidity, and vulgarity assuming them to be a temporary irritant.
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The US constitution underscores the importance of the open communication of information and opinion in our democratic society by granting considerable selfdirection to the various forms of mass media. Basic Structure: Constitution underscores importance. To translate:
11. People complain about the amount of violence, sexuality, and commercialism in mass media, but let's look at the issue from a TV programmer's perspective. Channel surfers will give a TV program only a few seconds before moving to the next channel, so programmers focus on content sequences with a high probability for emotional arousal - and program content and commercials related to violence, sexuality, and food/shelter do attract and hold attention.
9.
In a stimulating competitive environment, a media program must score quickly. Since you're still reading this column, the title and opening paragraph must have sufficiently caught your attention so you continued. Emotional arousal drives attention, which drives learning and conscious behavior - so it's important for mass media programmers to understand and present content that will emotionally arouse potential participants.
美国宪法赋予各种形式的大众媒体极大的自主权，以此来强 调信息和想法的公开交流对民主社会的重要性。
A free-speech society can thus tolerate instances of false information, stupidity, and vulgarity—assuming them to be a temporary irritant. (Para. 7) irritant (n.): 1) something that keeps annoying someone over a period of time 使人烦躁之物 e.g. The government sees the rebels as little more than a minor irritant. 2) sth. causing irritation esp. physical irritation 刺激物