2016人大国际贸易学考研资料 -历年真题

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人大国民经济学考研真题-真题资料

人大国民经济学考研真题-真题资料

人民大学经济学院国民经济学考研备考指导-育明考研考研真题,考研资料,考研分数线,考研大纲,考研经验,状元笔记,专业课资料,复试保过,复试真题,考研参考书一、2016年人大经济学院802经济学综合考研真题(育明考研)政治经济学部分:1、为什么说劳动是商品价值的唯一源泉。

(育明强调过的题目,劳动价值论的问题,难吗,肯定不难,送分题。

)2、资本原始积累的实质是什么?其和资本积累的联系与区别是什么?(这个题目出乎很多人的意料,其实非常简单,只要把政治经济学的内容答上。

)3、甲乙丙三块地生产小麦,每块地投入100元资本,平均利润率10%,每块地交绝对地租10元。

甲地产量75公斤,乙地产量65公斤,丙地产量60公斤。

求(1)每公斤小麦的社会价值是多少?(2)甲地和乙地的级差地租是多少?(3)三块土地总共交了多少地租。

(看到这道题时育明的学员和老师表示很淡定,这道题与2015年的题相似度不小,我们非常重视命题趋势,有的学生说毕竟这么多年来两年连续考相同知识点的可能性很小,结果2016年……,这再次看出又是师生博弈的结果,为了打破政经计算题隔年考一次和不再重复考相同知识点的“一致性预期”,这招快准狠,如果准备足了也就简单,没咋重视就遗憾了叩叩:八九三二四一二二六))4、(前面有一段废话,不记得了)如何从政治经济学的角度来理解土地价格?为什么没有价值的土地会有价格?(难度不大,容易拿分。

)微观经济学部分2016年的微观都是计算题,没有简答题,这么一来之前每年微观都是考三计算一简答的“规律”也被打破了,不过就难度而言,感觉用高鸿业的书就能应付,白费了那么长时间去看尼克尔森和平新乔18讲,不过2017年考试准备可以不看尼克尔森吗?还是前面的话,这得看出题人心情和你的运气了。

5、考的是行业供给曲线,挺简单的。

(育明点评:这道题是基础题,但与18讲162页第4题十分相似,这种题比较常规,故不多言。

)6、考的是效用函数和征税(点评:此题也比较常规,第二问如果先前做过类似的应该也就还好,第三问在比较时,算出的数值比较大导致两者不好比较(虽然肯定是所得税导致的效用损失更小)7、考古诺模型和反弹性公式(这道题前两问也是常规题,而且2015年也考过了古诺模型,所以原本预期今年会考垄断或者其他什么的,看来,出题人偏不按套路出牌,要的就是超预期啊!最后一问看起来很唬人的样子)8、考的2*2的一般均衡。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际经济法专业术语,考研真题

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际经济法专业术语,考研真题

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1.EXW工厂交货(指定地点)2.FCA:货交承运人(指定地点)3.FAS:船边交货(指定装运港)4.FOB:船上交货(指定装运港)5.CFR::成本加运费(指定目的港6.CIF::成本、保险加运费(指定目的港)7.CPT;:运费付至(指定目的地)8.DAF:边境交货(指定地点)9.DES::目的港船上交货(指定目的港)10.DEQ;目的港码头交货(指定目的港11.DDU:未完税交货(指定目的地)12.DDP:完税交货(指定目的地)13.Offer::要约14.Offeror;:要约人;报价人;发盘人15.Offeree:受要约人;接盘人,受盘人;被发价人16.Invitation for offer:要约邀请;发盘邀请17.Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18.Cross offer:交叉发盘;交叉报价;交错报价;交叉发价19.Withdrawal:要约的撤回20.Revocability::发价的撤销21.Counter-offer;还价;还盘;反要约22.Acceptance:接受;接纳;承兑;赞同23.Mail box rule:投递生效原则24.Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则te acceptance::迟到的承诺;逾期承诺26.Identified to the contract:将货物特定化;将货物划定在该项合同项下(将货物划作履行某一合同的标的)27.Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据;船运单据28.Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29.Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30.Fundamental breach of contract根本违约;重大违约31.Anticipatory breach先期违约32.Specific performance实际履行33.Breach of condition违反条件条款34.Breach of warranty违反担保条款35.Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36.Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37.To the order of the seller or his agent:以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单;凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38.Sale on approval::试销;试用买卖39.Floating cargo::在途货物;水运途中的货物40.Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41.Sales by specification,grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42.Fair average quality符合通常目的;中等品;良好平均品质(国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准)43.Sales by brand of trade mark44.More or less clause溢短装条款;或多或少条款45.Bulk cargo:散装货46.Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货,裸包装47.Gross for net:以毛重作净重,以毛作净$500Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49.Fixed price定价;标价;固定价格50.Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51.Time of shipment装运时间,装船时间52.Time of delivery交货时间,交付时间53.Advice of shipment:装运通知,装船通知54.Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55.Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56.Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57.After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58.Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书;品质检验证书59.Inspection certificate of weight:重量检验证书60.Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61.Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书;动物检疫证书62.Plant quarantine certification植物(病虫害)检疫证明63.Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64.Arbitration仲裁,公断65.Bill of lading提单66.Charter-party:租船合同67.Gencon航次租船合同68.Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69.Prima facie evidence:初步证据70.Conclusive evidence绝对证据;最后证据;决定性证据71.Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72.Received for shipment B/L备运提单;收货待运提单73.Clean B/L清洁提单74.Claused B/L,or Foul B/L不清洁提单75.Letter of Indemnity保函;保证书76.Open B/L,Bearer B/L不记名提单;77.Oder b/L指示提单78.Direct B/L:直达提单79.Ocean through B/L:海上联运提单80.Liner B/L:班轮提单81.Charter B/L:租船提单82.Negotiable quality:流通性;可转让性83.Assignor:转让人;出让人84.Assignee:受让人;代理人;受托人85.Endorsement in blank:空白背书;不记名背书86.Special endorsement:记名背书87.Due diligence:特别背书应有的谨慎;应有的注意88.Seaworthiness船舶适航89.Cargoworthiness适货tent defect潜在缺陷91.From tackle to tackle钩到钩92.Deviation绕行93.Voyage Charter航次租船94.Time charter定期租船合同95.Charter by demise光船租船ytime装卸时间97.Demurrage滞期费98.Dispatch money速遣费99.Lien留置权100.Trading limits航区限制101.Chartered period特许期限102.Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿(条款)103.Payment of hire租金104.Off hire停租105.Air consignment航空托运106.Air waybill航空货运单107.Successive carriers连续承运人108.Actrual carrier实际承运人109.International multimodal transport国际多式联运110.Container集装箱111.Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则work liability principle网状责任制113.Insurable interest保险利益114.Disclosure of material facts重要事实披露115.Material representation116.insurance policy保险单117.Accidents意外事故118.Total loss全损119.Partial loss部分损失120.General average共同海损121.Particular average单独海损122.Actual total loss实际全损123.Constructive total loss推定全损124.Sue and labour expenses施救费用125.Salvage charge救助费用126.Free from particular average(FPA)平安险127.With particular average(WPA)水渍险128.All risks一切险129.Subrogation代位130.Abandonment委付131.Export credits guarantee出口信贷担保132.Negotiable instruments可转让票据133.Predecessor前手134.Promissory note本票135.Draft汇票136.Drawer出票人137.Drawee付款人138.Payee收款人139.Issue出票140.Sight bill即期汇票141.After sight见票后付款142.Without recourse无追索权143.Presentment出示144.Acceptance of draft承兑汇票145.Dishonour拒付146.Protest拒绝证书147.Notary public公证人148.Collection托收149.Principal委托方150.Remitting bank托收行151.Collecting bank代收行152.Remittance letter汇款书153.Document against payment(D/P)付款交单154.Document against payment sight即期付款交单155.Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156.Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单157.Letter of credit(L/C)信用证158.Revocable L/C可撤销信用证159.Confirmed L/C保兑信用证160.Transferable and divisible L/C可转让分割信用证161.Standby L/C备用信用证162.Deferred payment L/C/延期付款信用证163.Applicant开证申请人164.Issuing bank开证行165.Advising bank通知行166.Beneficiary受益人167.Negotiating bank议付行168.Paying bank付款行169.GATT(全拼写)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定170.Absolute advantage theory绝对优势理论parative Advantage theory比较优势理论172.A la carte173.Grandfather clause祖父条款174.The negotiations Committee,TNC谈判委员会175.Ministerial-Level Meeting部长级会议176.Dunkel Draft邓克尔草案177.The Blair House Agreement布莱尔大厦协议178.WTO世界贸易组织179.Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》.中文简称,《建立世界贸易组织协定》.180.Plurilateral Trade Agreement诸边贸易协定181.Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制181.Ministerial Conference部长级会议182.General Council总理事会183.Council for Trade in Goods货物贸易理事会mittees on Trade and Development贸易与发展委员会mittees on Balance-of-payment Restrictions收支平衡限制委员会mittees on Budget,Finance and Administration预算,财务与行政小组委员会187.Secretariat of the WTO and Director-General世贸组织秘书处和总干事188.Privileges and immunity特权和豁免权189.Legal personality法人资格190.IMF国际货币基金组织191.IBRD国际复兴开发银行192.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议,简称贸发会议193.WIPO世界知识产权组织194.ILO国际劳工组织195.Bank for International Settlement,BIS国际清算银行196.Regional Integration Agreement区域一体化协定197.Free Trade Area,Customs Union自由贸易区,关税同盟mon Market共同市场199.Reciprocity互惠200.MFN最惠国待遇201.The like products同类产品202.Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System商品名称及编码协调制度203.National treatment国民待遇204.Market access市场准入205.Import quotas进口配额206.Import license进口许可证207.Transparency透明度208.Ad valoren duty从价税209.Specific duty从量税bined duty结合税211.Import tariffs进口关税212.Transit duties过境税213.General tariff一般关税214.Generalized system of preference普遍优惠制215.Special preference216.Concession217.Schedule of tariff concession关税减让表218.Customs valuation海关估价219.Transaction value交易价值220.Deductive value倒扣价格mittee on Customs Valuation CCV海关估价委员会222.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection装运前检验协议223.Price verification价格鉴证224.Rule of origin原产地规则225.Import and export ordinance进出口条例226.Primary rule首要规则227.Residual rule剩余规则228.De minimis微量允许标准229.Dumping倾销230.Normal price正常价格231.The ordinary course of trade正常贸易过程232.Affiliated party关联方233.At arm’s length保持距离(原则)234.Constructed price推定价格235.Determination of injury反倾销产业损害236.Material injury实质损害237.Threat of material injury实质损害威胁238.Material retardation of the establishment of such industry实质性阻碍建立的产业239.Cumulative assessment累积评估240.Causal relationship因果关系241.Burden of proof举证责任;证明责任242.On-the–spot investigation实地考察;实地调查243.Best information available最佳获得资料;最佳可获得资料244.Preliminary determination初步认定;初裁245.Final determination最终裁决;最终裁定246.Judicial review司法审查247.Provisional measures临时措施248.Price undertakings价格承诺249.Retroactive application of anti-dumping duties追溯征收250.SCM补贴与反补贴措施协议251.Specificity(补贴)的专向性252.Prohibited subsidy禁止性补贴(253.Export subsidy出口补助254.Actionable subsidy(补贴协议)可诉补贴255.Nullification or impairment of benefit利益损害或丧失256.Serious prejudice严重损害257.State trading enterprises国营贸易企业ernment procurement政府采购业务259.Safeguard measures保障措施260.Gray area measures灰色区域措施261.Selective safeguards measures选择性的保障措施262.Voluntary export restraints自愿出口限制;出口自我设限;自动出口限制263.Orderly marketing arrangement有秩序销售协议264.Recent enough,sharp enough,sudden enough,significant enough进口数量的增长必须是在时间上足够临近的(recent enough),足够突然的(sudden enough),足够明显的(sharp enough),足够重要的(significant enough),并在数量上和性质上能造成或威胁造成严重损害265.Unforeseen development未预见的发展266.Clearly imminent迫在眉睫267.Import surcharges进口追加款;进口附加费268.TBT技术性贸易壁垒技术性贸易壁垒协议269.Conformity assessment procedures符合性评估程序270.Preparation,adoption and application of technical regulation准备,接受和应用技术规则272.SPS卫生和植物检疫措施协议273.Primary products初级产品;农产品274.Domestic support(农产品)国内支持275.Deficiency payment差额补贴276.AMS支持总量277.reasonable departure cla use合理背离条款278.Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles在关于棉纺织品的国际贸易中有担保义务280.ATC纺织品与服装协定281.GATS服务业贸易总协定282.Cross-border supply跨境交付;跨境提供283.Consumption abroad(服务贸易)境外消费mercial presence商业存在285.Movement of natural persons关于自然人流动问题谈判的决定286.Horizontal commitments水平承诺287.Wholesale trade service批发贸易服务288.Distributive trade service分销业服务289.TRIPs与贸易有关的知识产权协定290.Geographic indication地理标志291.Marks of origin原产国标记;产地标记292.Industrial design工业设计293.Patents专利yout designs of integrated circuits集成电路布图设计295.Coercive package licensing强制性一揽子许可296.Injunctions禁令297.Damages损害赔偿298.TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施290.Optimal use合理利用291.Social accountability社会责任;social Accountability8000即"社会责任标准" petition policy竞争政策293.Consensus协商一致294.Negative consensus反向一致295.TPRB贸易政策评审机构296.DSB争端解决机构297Consultation磋商298.Exhaustion of remedy穷尽法律救济299.Violation case违反之诉300.Non-violation case非违反之诉301.Panel专家组302.Appellate body上诉机构303.Arbitration仲裁304.Parallel retaliation平行报复305.Cross retaliation交叉报复2015年8月资料来源:育明考研考博官网。

中国人民大学2017年国际贸易学专业专业介绍_人大考研网

中国人民大学2017年国际贸易学专业专业介绍_人大考研网

中国人民大学2017年国际贸易学专业专业介绍一、专业概况中国人民大学商学院国际贸易学专业系国际贸易学硕士学位授予点。

1987年原贸易经济系在中国人民大学恢复成立国际贸易教研室,依托贸易经济学科的强大背景和坚实基础,本专业独创了具有中国人民大学特色,理论与实践紧密结合,国际市场与国内市场紧密联系的国际贸易课程体系。

1995年开始与原国际经济系联合在全国招收国际贸易学硕士研究生。

经过二十多年的努力和建设,国际贸易学科点已成为基础宽厚、发展迅速、学术梯队颇具实力的科研和人才培养基地。

中国人民大学商学院国际贸易学专业在国内同行中具有明显的比较优势:拥有国际贸易领域和流通领域的国内著名、国际知名权威学者和资深专家,他们在多年的教学科研实践中学术地位国内领先,并形成了显著的学科特色;具有跨国际贸易和市场流通双学科的科研优势,形成内外贸直接结合的大贸易理论框架;集商学院经济学、管理学、会计学的优势专业之大成,形成了本学科开设交叉学科课程的能力。

具体而言,国际贸易学专业的学术和课程特色如下:1.(1)建立国际贸易学的完整框架体系国际贸易学作为应用经济学的主干学科,与实践结合十分紧密。

只有从总体上把握国际贸易的基础理论,建立有效的研究方法体系,才能从根本上对理论与实践的接轨给予有力支持,保障学科点及时跟上形势发展的客观要求。

我国加入WTO之后遇到了许多新问题,需要加大研究力度。

在参照欧、美乃至日、韩等发达国家学者国际贸易理论研究成果的同时,结合我国自己发展的实际要求,着力研究国际经济贸易的发展趋势和我国的对外开放进程。

这要求该领域的研究既要基于传统理论框架体系又要优于传统理论,既要充实定性分析研究,又要加强定量分析研究,进而提升国际贸易的理论研究深度。

本学科强化了国际贸易的多层次理论体系,形成了以经济学为基础、应用经济学为依托、国际贸易为主体,兼顾其他交叉学科和边缘学科的课程体系。

(2)突出政策研究核心和实际操作国际贸易学基本定位于宏观经济学和微观经济学之间的中观应用经济学范畴,以中观的国际和国内市场为研究对象,以多边贸易体制框架下的国际贸易和我国的对外贸易体制和政策为主要研究内容。

[考研类试卷]国际经济学(国际贸易理论的微观基础)模拟试卷1.doc

[考研类试卷]国际经济学(国际贸易理论的微观基础)模拟试卷1.doc
[考研类试卷]国际经济学(国际贸易理论的微观基础)模拟试卷1
1生产可能性边界
2机会成本
3一般均衡分析
4贸易所得
5贸易提供曲线
二、单项选择题
下列各题的备选答案中,只有一个是符合题意的。
6与微观经济学研究单个社会的资源配置问题不同的是,国际贸易理论研究的是( )。
(A)世界范围内的资源配置问题
(B)一国的资源配置问题
(A)上升;增加
(B)下降;增加
(C)下降;减少
(D)上升;减少
11贸易后,贸易参与国的福利水平( )。
(A)均会改善
(B)均会恶化
(C)具有比较优势的国家会改善
(D)封闭时价格较低的国家会改善
12在国际贸易研究中,相对价格比绝对价格来得更重要。( )
(A)正确
(B)错误
13国际贸易理论着重货币面分析。( )
(C)两国之间的资源配置问题
(D)区域范围内的资源配置问题
7如果两国在商品的生产中具有不同的机会成本,那么两国能够从专业化与交换中( )。
(A)都受损
(B)一国受益,一国受损
(C)既不受益,也不受损
(D)都受益
8在开放经济条件下,贸易后一国的社会无差异曲线和生产可能性边界( )。
(A)相切
(B)相交
(3)贸易前,苹果对香蕉的相对价格是多少?
20既然国际贸易理论与微观经济学的基本原理存在着一致性,为什么还要区分国际贸易与国内贸易,将国际贸易作为一个独立的问题来研究呢?
21许多产品不能进行贸易的事实对贸易所得的大小有什么影响?
22为什么说在决定生产和消费时,相对价格比绝对价格更重要?
23试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。

薛荣久《国际贸易》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(国际贸易政策)【圣才出品】

薛荣久《国际贸易》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(国际贸易政策)【圣才出品】

第6章国际贸易政策6.1 复习笔记一、对外贸易政策概述1.对外贸易政策的含义与目的(1)对外贸易政策的含义对外贸易政策是指一国政府在其社会经济发展战略的总目标下,运用经济、法律和行政手段,对对外贸易活动进行管理和调节的行为。

它体现了一国对外经济和政治关系的总政策,属于上层建筑的一部分。

对外,它服务于一国对外经济和政治的总政策;对内,为发展经济服务,并随着国内外经济基础和政治关系的变化而变化。

(2)对外贸易政策的目的①促进经济发展与稳定a.促进生产力的发展。

其途径是:优化国内资源配置,提高生产要素效能;鼓励资本输入,提高生产力;鼓励国外先进的技术知识、管理经验、经营方法和生产技术的引进,提高管理水平;获取规模经济效益。

b.实现经济增长。

通过调整对外贸易政策,一方面,增加国家财政收入,提高国家的经济福利;另一方面,调整和优化产业结构,提高企业的竞争力,实现利润最大化。

c.取得国际收支均衡。

通过对外贸易政策的调整,维持国际收支平衡。

d.稳定经济,增强适应能力。

在经济全球化下,世界各国之间相互影响加强。

为了使一国经济既能与外部经济实现互补,又能保持国内经济稳定,就必须依靠对外贸易政策进行调整。

②加强和完善经济体制经济体制是一个社会国民经济的运作方式。

良好的外贸政策能促进一个国家积极参与经济全球化,同时又能加强和完善市场经济体制。

③改善国际经济与政治环境贸易政策在调整、改善、巩固国与国之间经济与政治关系方面起着重要作用。

一国贸易政策的选择必须考虑国际环境,即世界贸易体制的发展与影响、联合国的各种决议的实施以及其与贸易伙伴之间的经济和政治关系。

2.对外贸易政策的类型、演变及成因(1)自由贸易政策①自由贸易政策的含义自由贸易政策是指国家对贸易活动不加以直接干预,既不鼓励出口,也不限制进口,使商品和生产要素在国与国之间自由流动,在国内外市场进行自由竞争。

但迄今为止,自由贸易政策都是相对意义上的,还没有纯粹的自由贸易政策。

国际经济贸易考研科目

国际经济贸易考研科目

国际经济贸易考研科目
国际经济贸易考研的科目通常包括以下几个部分:
1.政治理论:这是所有考研专业的必考科目,也是全国统考的一个科目。

2.英语一:这是所有考研专业的必考科目。

3.数学三:这是部分专业必考的一个科目,相对于数学一来说难度较低。

4.专业课:这是根据报考的具体专业来确定的,具体考察内容和形式由报考学校自行决定。

通常可能会涉及到国际经济学、贸易学、管理学、金融学等方面的知识。

此外,对于专科生来说,报考条件比较严格,需要满足一定的条件才能报考。

以上信息仅供参考,具体考试科目和要求应以招生单位官方发布的信息为准。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语---考试要点,考研参考书,考研真题2

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语---考试要点,考研参考书,考研真题2

国际商务英语---考试要点Equities:company stocksRatify:make an agreement or a treaty officially valid by signing itControversy:public argument about sth.Which many people disagree withBiennial:happening every alternate yearClout:influenceAnti-dumping:one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured Mandate:authority given to perform a dutyStillborn:(of a child)dead at birth;(of an idea or a plan)not developing furtherContracting party:a country of film that signs a legal agreementAkin to:similar,related toOptimal:best or most favorableTerms of trade:the relation of export and import pricesPreference:a practical advantage given to one over othersExport earnings:money earned on the sales of goods to other countriesProvisions:a formal or explicit statement of conditions demandedTariffs:customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exportsInvisibles:trade in servicesBoard:an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firmPermanent:lastingCounterpart:a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or functionForum:an outlet for discussing of matters of interest to a given group外刊经贸知识选读1.The writer examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseaseconomic links.2.The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of People’sRepublic.3.China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return formanufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.4.The Great Leap Forward of1958-1959initially produced gains in agricultural and industrialproduction,but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.5.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests with the result that national income andthe volume of foreign trade contracted during1960-1962.6.The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early-1960s caused trade to shift awa yfrom the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.7.The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution(1966-1976)whenagricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.8.Foreign trade,which has a major role in the Four Modernizations programme,has grown rapidly overthe past few years.9.The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations,which came into force in February1980,accords Chinamost-favored nation treatment.10.A commodity breakdown of China’s trade shows that fuels accounted for24percent of total exportsin1982……11.But the leading categories of imports in1982were food,which accounted for22percent of the total,light manufactured items with a share of20percent and machinery and transportation equipment with 17percent.12.The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost18percent perannum between1978and1983……13.As a result,the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US$3.7billion in1981to US$4.4billion in1982and US$3.7billion in1983.14.Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chineseeconomy had caused imports to rise by more than50percent in1978placing undue strain on the national economy.15.China became a net gain exporter in1984.16.The pattern of foreign trade growth was reserved in1984:the value of exports increased by10percent,but imports jumped38percent with the result that the visible trade account was in deficit by US$1.1billion.17.The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economic activity as well as to thesuccess of the Government’s trade and foreign investment policies.18.HK is China’s major export market accounting for approximately26percent of total exports in1983(though much in re-exported to other destinations from there).19.The EEC’s share of China’s exports has generally been around11-12percent over the past few years(the leading export markets within the European Community are Germany and the United Kingdom),…….20.The most important suppliers among the industrial countries were Japan……21.The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of HK willstrengthen the Sino-British relations and is expected to boost trade between the two countries.22.The value of Chinese exports to Britain,which rose rapidly between1977and1980,declined in1981-1982,but recovered strongly in1983….23.Chinese officials stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry,but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advanced technology as that term is understood in the West.24.The size of the visible account of the balance of payments,but the size of the visible trade surplusduring1981-1983and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years.25.Foreign exchange reserves have risen rapidly from approximately US$2.5billion at end-1980to US$17.0billion by October1984.26.The balance of foreign exchange reserves is controlled by the Bank of China which specializes inforeign exchange business.27.The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the nextfew years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.28.Foreign countries are encouraged to mount exhibitions of their goods and China itself hasparticipated in a number of trade fairs and exhibitions held abroad.29.Since the late1970s China has also adopted foreign trade practices long-established in many othercountries.30.Assembly manufacturing began in1978and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible forexemption from customs duties and taxation.31.a series of policies designed to encourage foreign investment have accompanied these tradereforms.32.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’sdetermination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.33.Foreign investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitated the transfer of technology and skills andavoids creating an overhang of debt.34.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number ofpractical bottlenecks in the economy.35.China’s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrowon commercial terms.36.Figures compiled by the OECD and the Bank of International Settlements show borrowings fromwestern commercial banks of approximately US$2billion,but also show that the bulk of China’s foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade related credits which exceed US$4billion.37.There appears considerable scope for foreign banks to undertake profitable business over the longerterm.1.The four special economic zones(SEZs)in Guangdong and Fujian provinces,14coastal cities(allformer treaty ports)and Hainan island(19“open”areas in all)have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor.2.But every provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.3.The following year,a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.4.Chinese leaders were growing impatient with the rate of progress in the showpiece SEZ-Shenzhen.5.The State Council declared14cities along the entire coast plus Hainan island open to foreigninvestment,thus introducing a real element of competition into the country’s economic-development programme.6.Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.7.The central government’s determination to raise the level of industrial technology is clearly behind thedecision to open the14coastal cities.8.The Bank of China has also said that new and more flexible loan policies will enable“thousands”ofdomestic enterprises to borrow foreign exchange to import equipment and repay in Renminbi.9.The need to upgrade industrial equipment is great.10.The combined industrial output of the15coastal areas is reportedly equal to a quarter of the nation’stotal.11.But while the reasons for throwing19areas and cities open to foreign investment and technologytransfer are clear,how the preferential systems will operate is not.12.This is due largely to the intensity of competition among the19,coupled with the inexperience ofmost local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world.13.In the SEZs,which are being built almost from scratch,foreigners can invest in anything which thestate deems useful for the country,be it,for examples,production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates.14.These can be joint ventures,cooperative enterprises or wholly foreign-owned operations.15.….imports of capital and consumer goods(except cigarettes and liquor)are exempted from customsduties,and a uniform15%income-tax rate is applied.16.In the coastal cities,only factories where plant is being upgraded by foreign investment,enjoy the15%tax rate.17.The Economic and Technical Development Zone(ETDZ)outside the coastal city centre will offer auniform tax rate of15%for all the projects and waive the usual10%profit-remittance tax.18.A joint venture outside the Zone is liable to the standard33%tax rate.19.Tourist enterprises and any other service industry outside the Zone are not entitled to any specialstatus.20.The major source of confusion for foreign investors,however,is not the tax rate but who has theauthority to approve projects.21.China International Economic Consultants Inc.is the consultancy arm of the China International Trustand Investment Corp.22.But if we start putting too many rules and regulations,they will get discourage.23.….it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can dealwith one another in a systematic way.24.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People’s Congressdiscusses the seventh five-year plan.1.China has the most dynamic economy in the world today.2.Its boom radiates from Guangdong,its richest province…3.After a slowdown through1990,China’s economy bounced back mightily,reaching a recent peak of13percent growth last year.4.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy earlyin21st century.5.Membership in this club,which includes all the world’s leading economies,could provide a hugeboost for a low-wage export economy.st year China’s trade surplus surged,buoyed by exports of toys,textiles and consumerelectronics.7.Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record$18billion.8.The U.S.Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status inJune…9.After Japan,we’ll be first in line for retaliation.10.American has an increasingly large stake in good relations with China.11.In1992American companies led a rush of foreign investors who signed more than$30billion worthof contracts in China.12.McDonnell Douglas has built35MD-80series aircraft in Shanghai—and has contracted to build40more.13.Other state-affiliated companies,including CITIC and China Resources,Inc.,are branching out fromHK to establish overseas posts are varied as diamond-trading operations in Sri Lanka and brokerage services in New York.14.Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits…1.In1991,for the second year in a row,the economies of low-income and middle-income countriesvirtually stagnated,as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product(GDP).2.Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than2percent during1991(similar to the weak performance of1990),implying an easing in per capita income of0.1percent.3.Excluding Central and Eastern Europe,growth in developing countries in1991was3.4percent,compared with3.8percent during the1980s.4.An increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.5.International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in1991.6.The seven major industrial countries(the G-7)experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth…7.The weakness in demand in the United States contributed to a drop of over6percent in non oilcommodity prices…8.Policy reforms in Latin America helped to moderate inflation and domestic demand;East Asianeconomics,supported by growth in export volume in the range of10percent and by robust domestic demand,continued to grow rapidly.9.The index of non oil primary commodity prices in nominal dollar terms decline for the thirdconsecutive year,and the index in real terms hit an all-time low.10.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations on key elements,andthe outcome remains in doubt.11.Growth in the G-7countries decelerated from2.8percent in1990to1.9percent in1991.12.The broad trend was the outcome of largely unexpected setbacks to recovery in the United Statesand the United Kingdom and the apparent onset of a slower period of economic growth in Japan and Germany.13.A slump in construction of rental housing and the fading of a tax-cut-induced boom in auto sales alsocontributed to the weaker growth of Japan.14.Unification further boosted investment,which then appeared to diminish,as expectations ofprofitability were dampened by higher wages and high short-term nominal and real interest rates.15.Inflation as measured by the GDP deflator slackened in most of the G-7countries.16.It continued to decelerate in North America and edged down in Japan,17.Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies,curtailingfinancing of high-risk projects…18.These developments played some part in the general tightening of credit during1991…19.A notable development in1991was a narrowing of current-account imbalances of most majorindustrial countries…20.The trade component of the deficit narrowed as lower inflation and earlier dollar depreciationimproved competitiveness…21.A continuation of the surge of imports that followed unification,as well as the earlier appreciation ofthe deutsche mark,contributed to the swing.22.In Germany,the slope of the yield curve turned positive.23.Because slowdown in industrial-country growth dampened demand for exports of both primarycommodities and manufactures from developing countries,the volume of merchandise exports of developing countries declined by2percent.24.The influence of the Gulf crisis,including the spike in oil prices and dislocations in the Middle East,was widespread.25.…the sharp compression of imports by the Soviet Union adversely affected its other tradingpartners.26.…a pick-up in China helped sustain Asian activity.27.The sharp acceleration of GDP growth in China,from4.5percent to over6percent,was supported byimprovements in industrial output,higher levels of consumer spending,and significant gains in the export of manufactures.28.Export volumes for the group of East Asian countries advanced at double-digit rates.29.Economic weakness in some of the region’s traditional export markets has underlined the importanceof market diversification…30.The decline was partly caused by India’s reining in of its budget deficit and the short-term effects ofthe implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures…31.The emergency measures included a serve compression of imports,tight credit policies andexchange-rate devaluation.32.In Europe and Central Asia,GDP contracted by about7percent,as stabilization and reform programs,in several countries had not yet led to bottoming-out in their economies.1.The Clinton Administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S.policy on trade…2.The strongest signal came last week,when Mickey Kantor,the U.S.trade representative,movedquickly to cite the12-nation European Community for“intolerable”discrimination against U.S.companies seeking government contracts within the Community.3.The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged.4.A willingness to impose sanction on major trading partners to reduce trade barriers abroad,with lesspatience for drawn-out negotiations.5.Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into full-fledgedtrade war that would shock the world’s fragile economies.6.Tokyo appears more“results-oriented”than the Community,prompting hopes that bargains can bereached with Japan to ease frictions on a range of issues.7.A pledge to Mexico and Canada to seek rapid congressional approval of the North AmericanFree-trade Agreement as the highest trade priority.8.Some representatives of U.S.business,seething over what they view as protectionist EC policies,praised Mr.Kantor’s action.9.…if the dispute with European Community over government procurement is soon followed by casheswith Europe over steel…10.Anyone who thinks Europe and Japan will be bullied into meeting American deadlines and prioritiesisn’t awake to the changes that have occurred.2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译(30分)英译汉:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分,一个3分)1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。

国际经济与贸易重点知识总结轻松应对考研国际经济与贸易

国际经济与贸易重点知识总结轻松应对考研国际经济与贸易

国际经济与贸易重点知识总结轻松应对考研国际经济与贸易在考研国际经济与贸易中,掌握重点知识是顺利通过考试的关键。

本文将对国际经济与贸易的重点知识进行总结,并提供一些应对考试的轻松方法。

一、国际贸易基本理论国际贸易基本理论是国际经济与贸易的基石,理解并掌握这些理论对于考研是非常重要的。

其中包括比较优势理论、绝对优势理论、国际收支平衡等内容。

比较优势理论是由亚当·斯密提出的,指出各国应专业生产具备相对成本优势的产品,从而实现贸易的互利。

绝对优势理论则是由大卫·李嘉图发展而来,强调各国在生产某种产品上具备的绝对优势。

国际收支平衡理论则着眼于一个国家在国际贸易中的收支状况,包括贸易顺差和贸易逆差。

二、国际贸易政策国际贸易政策是国际经济与贸易中的另一个重要知识点。

了解和掌握相关政策对于理解贸易的运行机制以及分析贸易政策的影响至关重要。

国际贸易政策包括保护主义政策和自由贸易政策。

保护主义政策主张限制进口,以保护本国产业;自由贸易政策则主张开放市场,实现自由贸易。

此外,还有关税、非关税壁垒、关税配额等政策工具。

三、国际投资与跨国公司国际投资与跨国公司是国际经济与贸易中的重要组成部分,其中涉及外国直接投资、跨国公司运作以及国际投资的风险和收益等知识点。

外国直接投资是指一个国家或地区的居民通过在其他国家购买股权、设立子公司等方式,参与到其他国家的企业中。

跨国公司则是指在两个或两个以上国家开展经营活动的企业,具备海外直接投资的能力。

四、经济全球化与区域经济一体化经济全球化和区域经济一体化是国际经济与贸易领域的热门话题,也是考研中的重要知识点。

经济全球化指的是全球范围内经济活动的扩展、融合和互动,包括经济、政治、文化等方面的联系与影响。

区域经济一体化是指一个区域内不同国家或地区在经济领域的合作与整合,如欧盟、亚太经合组织等。

五、国际收支与国际货币体系国际收支和国际货币体系是国际经济与贸易中的重要内容,也是考研的重点。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语—名词解释,考研参考书,考研真题

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语—名词解释,考研参考书,考研真题

国际商务英语—名词解释Visible trade有形贸易:The form of commodity trade,i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market,and counter trade)Invisible trade无形贸易:The form of transportation,communication,banking,insurance, consulting,information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI(foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.Portfolio investment证券投资:Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Licensing许可经营:In licensing,a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business,and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.Franchising特许经营:a firm called the franchisee,is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos,and operating techniques for royalty.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks,brand names,logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract,one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程:a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing,contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.International investment国际投资:Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.International business国际商务:Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build,O for operate and T for transfer.For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.GNP国民生产总值:Gross national Product.The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值:Gross Domestic Product.The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值:It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population,which reveals the average income level of consumers.Income distribution收入分布:The proportions of its rich,middle income and poor people. capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to(不针对)make efforts to engage inFree trade area自由贸易区:The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policyCustoms union关税同盟:The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policyCommon market共同市场:The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.Economic Union(EU)经济同盟:The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production,adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation,government expenditure,industry policies and use the same currency.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司总部is the original investing multinational corporation.It is also the international headquarters of the MNE.MNC跨国公司=TNC:Multinational corporation,are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries,companies in which over50percent is owned by the parent company.MNE跨国企业:Multinational enterprise:A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns(whether wholly or partly),controls and manages assets,often including productive resources,in more than one country,through its member companiesincorporated separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.Home county母国:The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.Host country东道国:The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.Absolute advantage绝对利益:It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources(capital,land and labor)Comparative advantage比较利益:Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities,there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.International trade国际贸易:The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.Primary commodities those commodities not processed or only slightly processed usually farm produce or raw materials.Specialization专业化:To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields.Import duties进口关税:Tariffs levied on goods entering an areaExport duties出口关税:Taxes levied on goods leaving an areaTariff关税:A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.Quota配额:A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Drawback退税:Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported. Most-favored-nation(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇:A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country Contract proper the main body of a contractIncoterms国际贸易术语解释通则:It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade.Thus,the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.Trade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about thetrade,such as the unit price port of shipment,port of destination and the kind of currency. Protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic market and industries.It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns,controls and manages assets,in more than one country,through its member companies incorporated.Multi-model transportation:Inquiry/enquiry询盘、询价:It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications,prices,time of shipment and other terms.Quotation报盘:Estimate of how much something will costCounter offer还盘:New offer made by the original offeree to the original offererOfferee收盘人A first enquiry首次询价:An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt with A contract一个合同:An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesA firm offer一个实盘:Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.Force majeure不可抗力:is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’default,but of the uncontrollable causes.One type of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause.Or social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyHyperinflation极度通货膨胀is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly. The devaluation rate of the currency is astronomical.The normal economic activities are out of the order,and finally lead to the collapse of the wholemonetary system.inflation:Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,expansion of money supply,credit etc Devaluation贬值Barter易货贸易:The direct exchange of goods and services,which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易:The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback回购贸易:An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.Remittance汇付:This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each otherDocumentary draft跟单汇票:The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.Documentary collection跟单托收:It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.Payee收款人、领款人:The person receiving the payment.Sight draft即期汇票:The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Usance draft远期汇票Term draft=Tenor draft:The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.Draft汇票:=Bill of exchange.It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.Drawer出票人:The person who draws the draft(usually the exporter)Drawee受票人:The person to whom the draft is drawn.Clean draft光票:The draft without documentsApplicant(Opener or Principal)申请人:The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C.(the importer)applicant of an L/C:The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/COpening bank(Issuing bank,Establishing bank)开证行:The bank that issues the credit.Opening bank:the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank.Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporter’s country,which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行:The bank in the exporter’s country,which advises the exporter the L/C,is received.Confirming bank保兑行:The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.The letter of Credit(L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Paying bank付款行:The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.Negotiating bank议付行:The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit. Recipient:A person or an organization etc.that receives something2015年8月2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译(30分)英译汉:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分,一个3分)1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。

2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学国际贸易实务期末考试模拟题—新祥旭考研

2016-2017年对外经济贸易大学国际贸易实务期末考试模拟题—新祥旭考研

一、单项选择:1、贸易术语中一般不涉及的内容是(C)。

A.交货地点B.费用划分C.所有权转移D.风险转移2.凭样品买卖要求卖方交货(A)A.必须符合样品B.大致符合样品C.必须符合样品,并提供对等样本D.大致符合样品,并不需提供对等样品3.专门解释CIF合同的国际贸易惯例是(A)。

A.《华沙—牛津规则》B.《美国对外贸易定义》C.《国际贸易术语解释通则》D.《国际货物销售合同公约》4、凭样品买卖要求卖方交货(A)A.必须符合样品B.大致符合样品C.必须符合样品,并提供对等样本D.大致符合样品,并不需提供对等样品5、贸易术语中一般不涉及的内容是(C)。

A.交货地点B.费用划分C.所有权转移D.风险转移6、保护人身安全的运输标志是(B)A.运输标志B.警告性标志C.指示性标志D.集装箱标志7、船舶搁浅时,为使船舶脱险而雇用拖驳强行脱浅所支出的费用,属于(C)A.实际全损B.推定全损C.共同海损D.单独海损8、某公司对外报价为CIF价150美元,外商要求改报CIF5%,我方应报价为()A.157.0美元B.157.4美元C.157.8美元D.157.9美元9、在进出口业务中,经过背书能够转让的单据有(B)A.铁路运单B.海运提单C.航空运单 D.邮包收据;10、以银行所负的责任为标准,如果该信用证允许第二家银行承担付款责任,则该信用证为(A)A.保兑信用证B.不保兑信用证C.可转让信用证D.可撤销信用证E.不可撤销信用证11、国际贸易中最主要的运输方式是(C)A.航空运输B.铁路运输C.海洋运输D.公路运输12、在定程租船方式下,对装卸费收取较为普遍采用的办法是(C)A.船方不负担装卸费B.船方负担装卸费。

C.船方负担装货费,而不负担卸货费D.船方只负担卸货费,而不负担装货费13、在国际买卖合同中,使用较普遍的装运期规定办法是(B)A.明确规定具体的装运时间B.规定收到信用证后若干天装运C.收到信汇、电汇或票汇后若干天装运D.笼统规定近期装运14、在海运过程中,被保险物茶叶经水浸已不能饮用,这种海上损失属于(A)A.实际全损B.推定全损C.共同海损D.单独海损+15、在国际货物保险中,不能单独投保的险别是(C)A.平安险B.水渍险C.战争险D.一切险16、国际上应用较广泛的商品检验时间、地点的规定方法是(B)A.装船前装运港检验B.出口国装运港(地)检验,进口国目的港(地)复验C.装运港(地)检验重量,目的港(地)检验品质D.进口国目的港(地)检验17、根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,接受于(C)生效。

2016年对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研真题(完整版)凯程首发

2016年对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研真题(完整版)凯程首发

2016年对外经济贸易大学汉语国际教育硕士考研真题(完整版)凯程首发考完2016汉硕初试,凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线,同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况,几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过,汉硕专业课难度与往年相当,答题的时候非常顺手,汉硕题型今年是选择题,判断题、填空题,相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉,预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

汉硕分笔试、面试,如果没有准备,或者准备不充分,很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助,同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程汉硕老师把汉硕的真题全面展示给大家,供大家估分使用,以及2017年考汉硕的同学使用,本试题凯程首发,转载注明出处。

2016年汉语国际教育硕士考研已经结束,凯程教研室的老师经过认真的对比给大家分析出今年的考研真题,供2016年和2017年汉语国际教育考研的同学参考!凯程分析:对外汉硕大学的整体趋势以主观题目为主,但是题型还是比较稳定。

一、题型+分值专业一分值,填空题20题、共20分;判断题15题、共15分;选择题25题、共25分;名词解释4道题共20分;语音能力题10道题,共10分;汉字能力题(改错别字、笔画、笔顺、形声字判断)共15分;文言文阅读题(加标点、解释词意)共10分;词语辨析题2道题共10分;语法分析题(两个分析句法结构、4个判断词性)共10分;简答题(4选3)共15分。

专业二分值,填空题20道题共20分;判断题10道题共10分;选择题20道题共20分;教育心理学填空题10道题共10分;判断题10道题共10分;选择题15道题共15分;偏误分析4道题共8分;名词解释4道题共12分;简答题(四选三)共15分;写教案(30分)。

二、凯程整体分析第一,对外汉硕大学的题型和2015年题型一样,没有变动。

有个别题目还有重复的现象,给我们的启示是要注重对往年真题的研究。

专业一部分还是填空题、判断题、选择题,也有名词解释和简答题。

整体是以书本的知识点为主,但是也会考查学生对实际例子的掌握程度,凯程解析:如简答题中“举例说明如何区别动词和介词”,这里面老师更愿意看到的是学生对于知识的实际运用能力,往往是最熟悉的例子确很难准确的表述。

《国际商务专业基础》考研题库-国际贸易理论与政策-第二章 国际贸易政策与壁垒【圣才出品】

《国际商务专业基础》考研题库-国际贸易理论与政策-第二章 国际贸易政策与壁垒【圣才出品】

第一部分 国际贸易理论与政策第二章 国际贸易政策与壁垒一、单项选择题1.国际定价中,受到进口国贸易政策规制的对象是( )。

[对外经济贸易大学2019、2017研]A.倾销B.转移定价C.垄断高价D.平行进口【答案】A【解析】WTO《反倾销协议》规定,如果一项产品以低于其正常价值进入另一国的商业,则该产品即被认为是倾销。

对于倾销产品,进口国可以通过征收反倾销税的贸易政策进行规制。

B项,国际转移定价是指国际企业为实现总体经营战略目标,谋求整体利益最大化,而在公司内部各关联企业或子公司之间互相购销产品、提供劳务、转让无形资产时,确定的内部“交易”价格。

C项,垄断高价指企业通过垄断地位获取高价。

D项,平行进口是指当企业对于产品或服务采用多元定价策略,未经相关知识产权权利人授权的进口商,将由权利人自己和经其同意在其他国家或地区投放市场的产品,向知识产权人或独占被许可人所在国或地区的进口。

对于转移价格、平行进口和垄断高价,进口国都无法通过贸易政策规制,故A项为正确答案。

2.垄断组织在控制国内市场的条件下,以低于国内市场的价格,在国外市场销售产品的行为是( )。

[暨南大学2016研]A.商品倾销B.价格垄断C.外汇倾销D.价格战【答案】A【解析】商品倾销是指出口商在控制国内市场的条件下,以低于国内市场价格甚至低于成本的价格向国外市场抛售商品,以打击竞争者并占领或巩固国外市场的行为。

3.普惠制的三大原则是( )。

[中央财经大学2012研]A.非歧视性、普遍性和非互惠性B.非歧视性、普遍性和互惠性C.非歧视性、非普遍性和非互惠性D.歧视性、非普遍性和非互惠性【答案】A【解析】普惠制的三大原则是:①普遍的,即所有发达国家对所有发展中国家出口的制成品和半制成品给予普遍的优惠待遇;②非歧视的,即应使所有发展中国家都无歧视、无例外地享受普惠制待遇;③非互惠的,即发达国家应单方面给予发展中国家特别的关税减让,而不要求发展中国家给予同等优惠。

薛荣久《国际贸易》笔记和课后习题及考研真题详解(关税)【圣才出品】

薛荣久《国际贸易》笔记和课后习题及考研真题详解(关税)【圣才出品】

专注考研考证第10章关税10.1 复习笔记一、关税概述1.关税的含义关税(Customs Duties;Tariff)是进出口商品进出一国关税境域时,由政府设置的海关向进出口商所征收的税。

(1)海关海关是设在关税境域上的国家行政管理机构,是贯彻执行本国有关进出口政策、法令和规章的重要工具。

海关的任务是根据这些政策、法令和规章对进出口货物、货币、金银、行李、邮件和运输工具等实行监督管理、征收关税、查禁走私货物、临时保管通关货物和统计进出口商品等。

海关还有权对不符合国家规定的进出口货物不予放行、罚款,甚至没收或销毁。

(2)关境海关征收关税的领域称为关境或关税领域。

通常关境和国境是一致的,但设有经济特区的国家,关境小于国境;而在组成关税同盟的国家,关境大于各成员国的国境。

(3)关税属性由于关税纳税义务人(出口贸易商)不是税收的实际负担人(买方或消费者),所以关税属于间接税。

2.关税的双重作用(1)关税的积极作用①关税是对外贸易政策的重要措施在一国的对外关系中,关税的作用是:a.关税设置直接影响国家之间的政治与经济关系;b.合理的关税设置有利于国家之间比较优势的发挥,形成相互有利的国际分工;c.关税的高低影响经贸集团之间的贸易创造、贸易转移、市场的统一和资源的流向与配置。

②关税可以增加国家财政收入关税是海关代表国家行使征税权,因此,关税的收入是国家财政收入来源之一。

这种以增加国家财政收入为主要目的而征收的关税称之为财政关税。

由于发达同家国内市场的发达程度高于发展中国家,发达国家关税在国家财政收入中的比重比较低,而发展中国家则比较高。

③调节进出口贸易结构关税对进口商品的调节作用主要表现在以下几方面:a.对于国内能大量生产或者暂时不能大量生产但将来可能发展的产品,规定较高的进口关税,以削弱进口商品的竞争能力,保护国内同类产品的生产和发展。

b.对于非必需品或奢侈品的进口制定更高的关税,达到限制这些商品甚至禁止这些商品进口的目的。

2024国际商务考研必背简答题国际贸易部分

2024国际商务考研必背简答题国际贸易部分

2024国际商务考研必背简答题国际贸易部分(1)假设条件①贸易中有两个国家(国家1与国家2),两种商品(X与D,两种生产要素(劳动与资本),即H-O模型;②两国在生产中都使用相同的技术;③在两个国家,I都是劳动密集型产品,V都是资本密集型产品;④在两个国家,两种商品的上生产都是规模报酬不变的,在生产中均为不完全分工;⑤在两个国家,两国的需求偏好是相等的,且两种商品与两种生产要素市场都是完全竞争的;⑥要素在国际间是不能自由流动的,但在国内是可以自由流动的;⑦在两国间商品流入的价值与流出的价值相等,即两国的贸易达到平衡。

⑧两国间没有运输成本、关税等其他阻碍自由贸易的壁垒,且两国资源得到充分利用。

(2)赫克歇尔-俄林定理主张一国应该出口相对充裕和便宜的要素密集型的商品,进口该国相对稀缺和昂贵的要素密集型的商品,即劳动相对充裕的国家应该出口劳动密集型商品,进口资本密集型商品。

在所有可能造成国家之间相对商品价格差异和比较优势的原因中,赫克歇尔-俄林定理认为,各国的相对要素充裕度或要素禀赋是国际贸易中各国具有比较优势的基本原因和决定要素。

因此赫克歇尔-俄林定理又称要素比例或要素禀赋理论。

世贸组织是一个独立于联合国的,基于规则、由成员驱动的国际组织,其全部决策由成员国政府决定,规则通过成员国之间的谈判达成。

其基本原则有以下五个方面:(1)非歧视性原则非歧视原则指的是对各成员国贸易政策上的一视同仁,和对本国产品与外国产品的一律平等。

非歧视性原则是通过最惠国待遇条款和国民待遇条款来实现的。

最惠国待遇指的是一国对于所有成员国的贸易待遇都必须是同样的,如果一国给任何一国降低豁免关税或提供其他优惠政策,该国也必须同时给其他的成员国同样的待遇。

国民待遇指的是一国给予所有成员国的公民和企业在经济上的待遇不低于给予本国公民和企业的待遇,这种待遇主要包括税收、知识产权的保护、市场的开放等,以保证成员国产品与本国产品以同样的条件竞争。

考研资料-国际贸易理论绝对优势理论知识点汇总

考研资料-国际贸易理论绝对优势理论知识点汇总

考研资料-国际贸易理论绝对优势理论知识点汇总(一)假设前提(1)世界上只有两个国家,并且只生产两种产品;生产过程中只投入一种生产要素,即劳动力;劳动力是同质的。

即模型;(2)两国不同产品上的生产技术不同,存在着劳动生产率的绝对差异;(3)要素在国内可以自由流动,在国与国之间不能流动;(4)当资源或生产要素从一个部门转向另一个部门时,机会成本不变;(5)规模收益不变;(6)商品和劳动力市场都是完全竞争的;(7)在两个国家之间,商品流出的价值和商品流入的价值相等;(8)没有运输成本和其他交易成本;(9)两国均实行自由贸易政策,没有贸易限制。

(二)主要内容1.斯密的国际分工学说分工和交换是斯密理论逻辑的起点。

斯密认为,分工能够大大提高劳动生产率,原因是:(1)分工能提高劳动者的熟练程度。

(2)分工使每人专门从事某项作业,可节省与生产没有直接关系的时间。

(3)分工使专门从事某项作业的劳动者比较容易改良工具和发明机械。

分工能够提高劳动生产率,在先天禀赋和后天技术的共同影响下,各国生产某种产品的劳动生产率会有绝对的差异,导致了各国生产本的差异,进而导致了国际贸易的产生。

国际分工(International Division of Labor,IDL)是指世界上各国之间的劳动分工,它是社会分工发展到一定阶段,国民经济内部分工超越国家界限发展的结果。

国际分工是国际贸易和世界市场发展的基础。

绝对优势理论的核心观点可概括为:在某一种类商品的生产上,一个国家在劳动生产率上占有绝对优势,或其生产所耗费的劳动成本绝对低于另一国家,则称该国在这种产品的生产上拥有绝对优势。

若两个国家都从事自己具有绝对优势产品的生产,继而进行交换,则双方都可以通过交换得到绝对的利益,从而整个世界也可以获得分工的好处。

2.模型分析表1.1 国际分工前两国劳动投入和产出从表中可以看出,美国在生产小麦上相对于英国来说有绝对优势,英国在生产布上相对于美国来说有绝对优势,根据绝对优势理论,英国把全部生产要素都用于生产布,而美国应把全部生产要素用于生产小麦,产出的变化如下:表1.2 国际分工后两国劳动投入和产出假定英国用200单位布与美国120单位小麦进行交换,交换的结果如下表1.3 国家进行贸易后亚当斯密用模型清楚地说明了国际分工和贸易的原因是两国生产成本和效率的差异,一个国家在生产某一商品时,必须具有绝对优势。

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人民大学经济学院国际贸易学考研备考指导-育明考研考研真题,考研资料,考研分数线,考研大纲,考研经验,状元笔记,专业课资料,复试保过,复试真题,考研参考书一、2016年人大经济学院802经济学综合考研真题(育明考研)政治经济学部分:1、为什么说劳动是商品价值的唯一源泉。

(育明强调过的题目,劳动价值论的问题,难吗,肯定不难,送分题。

)2、资本原始积累的实质是什么?其和资本积累的联系与区别是什么?(这个题目出乎很多人的意料,其实非常简单,只要把政治经济学的内容答上。

)3、甲乙丙三块地生产小麦,每块地投入100元资本,平均利润率10%,每块地交绝对地租10元。

甲地产量75公斤,乙地产量65公斤,丙地产量60公斤。

求(1)每公斤小麦的社会价值是多少?(2)甲地和乙地的级差地租是多少?(3)三块土地总共交了多少地租。

(看到这道题时育明的学员和老师表示很淡定,这道题与2015年的题相似度不小,我们非常重视命题趋势,有的学生说毕竟这么多年来两年连续考相同知识点的可能性很小,结果2016年……,这再次看出又是师生博弈的结果,为了打破政经计算题隔年考一次和不再重复考相同知识点的“一致性预期”,这招快准狠,如果准备足了也就简单,没咋重视就遗憾了叩叩:八九三二四一二二六))4、(前面有一段废话,不记得了)如何从政治经济学的角度来理解土地价格?为什么没有价值的土地会有价格?(难度不大,容易拿分。

)微观经济学部分2016年的微观都是计算题,没有简答题,这么一来之前每年微观都是考三计算一简答的“规律”也被打破了,不过就难度而言,感觉用高鸿业的书就能应付,白费了那么长时间去看尼克尔森和平新乔18讲,不过2017年考试准备可以不看尼克尔森吗?还是前面的话,这得看出题人心情和你的运气了。

5、考的是行业供给曲线,挺简单的。

(育明点评:这道题是基础题,但与18讲162页第4题十分相似,这种题比较常规,故不多言。

)6、考的是效用函数和征税(点评:此题也比较常规,第二问如果先前做过类似的应该也就还好,第三问在比较时,算出的数值比较大导致两者不好比较(虽然肯定是所得税导致的效用损失更小)7、考古诺模型和反弹性公式(这道题前两问也是常规题,而且2015年也考过了古诺模型,所以原本预期今年会考垄断或者其他什么的,看来,出题人偏不按套路出牌,要的就是超预期啊!最后一问看起来很唬人的样子)8、考的2*2的一般均衡。

点评:这道题属于一般均衡题目里比较简单的了,毕竟没涉及生产,只是交换。

而一般均衡理论属于重点,2015年没考,2016年考了也符合大伙预期和准备吧,故也就不再多言。

(考研资料、考研真题、考研辅导咨询育明考研杜老师叩叩:八九三二四一二二六)宏观经济学部分9、索诺模型Y=(K^0.5)*(L^0.5)折旧率是0.01,人口增长率是0.06。

储蓄率是0.28。

(1)求稳态时的资本存量(2)要达到黄金率稳态,0.28的储蓄率是过高还是过低(3)说明从现在状态向黄金率稳态的变动中,人均产出,人均消费,人均投资的动态变动过程。

(索洛模型也没啥新鲜的,发展是解决一切问题的根源,索洛模型就是研究增长与发展的。

此题属于常规)10.央行存在社会损失函数L(u,π)=u+βπ^2。

央行通过调节通货膨胀率π来使社会损失函数最小化。

请证明以通货膨胀率为目标的固定规则优于相机抉择。

(这是一道出乎意料的题,此题就是曼昆394页的内容,但往年802很少出现这种计算量较大的证明题。

)11、题目意思是:请从不完全信息角度说明短期社会总供给函数的推导过程。

(点评:总供给这个话题是区分各个流派的原点,只是流派近年不咋考了,不过15年供给侧改革提法这么火,让我一直预期应该会考供给学派的一些观点吧,结果冒出了一个证明短期总供给曲线向右上方倾斜的证明。

)12、经济的自动稳定器是什么?在我国经济新常态的情况下,还有哪些自动稳定器可以发挥作用。

(这个问题主要是高鸿业书上的内容,育明老师强调过。

)二、中国人民大学经济学院概况(育明考研考博)中国人民大学经济学院成立于1998年,其最早历史可以溯源至1939年陕北公学设立的政治经济学研究室。

1950年中国人民大学正式命名组建后,成立经济系和经济计划系,此后调整为政治经济学系和计划统计系,1957年世界经济教研室成立。

1978年人民大学复校,先后组建了政治经济学系、计划统计系、经济信息管理系、经济学研究所、经济学系、计划经济学系、国际经济系、国民经济管理系和区域与城市经济研究所等,这些都是经济学院组成部分的前身。

经济学院是新中国经济学科的重要奠基者和开拓者之一,七十五年来年来始终走在中国经济学教育研究的前列。

现任院长为张宇教授。

经济学院实力雄厚,享誉全国。

在2004年、2008年和2012年连续三轮国家重点一级学科评估中,理论经济学、应用经济学名列全国第一。

目前有4个本科专业,1个双学位实验班,14个硕士专业,12个博士专业,2个博士后流动站。

作为中国经济学教育与研究的旗舰,这里创造出大批高质量、具有重大影响的优秀科研成果,在宣传和研究马克思主义经济理论、引进与研究外国经济思想和现代西方经济理论以及创建中国经济学学科体系、探索改革开放的理论与政策、培养经济学理论和实践人才等方面,始终保持在国内的领先地位。

(考研资料、考研真题、考研辅导咨询育明考研杜老师叩叩:八九三二四一二二六)经济学院群英荟萃,名师云集。

现有教授53人,副教授57人,海外一流大学博士占比超20%,5位诺贝尔经济学奖得主受聘名誉教授。

经济学院是中国最知名的培养政学商精英的摇篮,是有志于学习和从事经济管理事业的中国学子的最好家园。

在校学生规模逾2000人,其中本科生约1000余人,硕士生400余人,博士生近400人,海外学生约150人。

经济学院结纳四海,贯通中西。

与欧美日澳等全球10余个国家的30多所知名学府建立了合作伙伴关系,还与国内政府部门、知名企业、金融及研究机构有着良好的合作。

学院2006年创办的"中国宏观经济论坛"所发布的经济分析与预测报告获得了极大的社会反响,被外媒评为中国八大经济预测权威"智库"之一。

三、中国人民大学经济学院国际贸易学考研专业目录(育明考研考博)专业初试考试科目复试科目招生人数国际贸易学101-思想政治理论201英语一或202俄语或203日语303-数学三802-经济学综合国际经济与贸易,外语2016年人2015年12人2014年12人育明杜老师解析:(叩叩:八九三二四一二二六)1、数学三,经济学综合(政治经济学、宏观、微观三分天下)是主要拉开分差的科目,想要顺利进入复试每门课要达到110分以上。

2、中国人民大学经济学院考研的报录比平均在15:1(竞争比较激烈)3、初试总分:100分政治+100分英语+150分303数学三+150分802经济学综合=500分复试总分:100分专业课笔试+50分外语笔试+100分专业课口试+50分外语口试(含听力)水平测试+50分综合素质面试=350分4、初试成绩中公共课拉开的分差较小,两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

大部分考生的专业课分数都集中在80-90分之间。

想要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数,每门专业课要达到110分。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

育明教育中国考研辅导第一品牌,育明考研开设的考研辅导课程包括:专业课小班课程·一对一课程·视频班·定向保录班·复试保过班。

近年来人大金融硕士的录取考生中,近1/3均出自育明教育的相关考研辅导课程。

四、中国人民大学经济学院考研复试分数线(育明考研考博)复试内容:(育明杜老师解析)1、专业课笔试:满分100分,闭卷考试。

考试时间为2小时。

专业课复试科目请参阅“中国人民大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生招生专业目录”(查询路径:中国人民大学研究生招生网-专业信息)。

2、外语笔试:满分50分,闭卷考试。

考试时间为1小时。

3、专业课口试:满分100分,命制若干个试题,采取由考生抽签的方式确定个人的口试题目,每名年份政治英语专业一专业二总分201655559090366201550509090365201455559090360201355559090360考生时间约20分钟左右。

4、外语口试(含听力)水平测试:满分50分。

外语口试测试考生基本的听说能力,重点检测考生是否基本掌握外语工具。

采取由考生抽签的方式确定个人的口试题目,每名考生时间约10分钟左右。

5、综合素质面试:满分50分。

综合素质面试和专业口试同时进行,主要对考生的思想政治状况,身心健康状况,科研能力,发表论文、兴趣爱好,特长等方面进行了解。

复试成绩比例1、复试成绩计算:专业综合课笔试成绩60分以上,外语笔试成绩30分以上,外语听力水平和口语水平测试30分以上,专业课和综合素质面试成绩90分以上,即为复试合格。

复试成绩合格方可进入总成绩加权。

2、总成绩权重:初试成绩占70%,复试成绩占30%,将复试成绩与初试成绩加权求和得出总成绩。

3、复试成绩按研究生院的办法和时间公布。

五、人民大学802经济学综合考研参考书(育明教育)参考书目:802经济学综合《政治经济学教程》宋涛中国人民大学出版社2006年版《政治经济学》逢锦聚等高等教育出版社2007年版《西方经济学》高鸿业中国人民大学出版社《微观经济理论基本原理与扩展》尼克尔森中国人民大学出版社《宏观经济学》曼昆中国人民大学出版社辅助书目:《微观经济学十八讲》平新乔《微观经济学:现代观点》范里安《宏观经济学》巴罗《政治经济学教程》(考研资料、考研真题、考研辅导咨询育明考研杜老师叩叩:八九三二四一二二六)1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体,如何从参考书抓取核心书目,从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点,如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架,如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中,是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

建议大家可以在专业课老师的指导下来高效率、高质量完成这项工作,为整个备考的成功构建基础。

2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读,整个的备考当中考生还需要使用相关的参考书笔记、导师课件讲义、各专题总结。

读哪一些资料有用、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做,这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

人民大学作为教育部批准的34所自行确定本校复试分数线的高校之一,是以人文社科类专业见长的名校,经济大类更是其王牌专业,专业课考试自主命题每个高校都有其独特的出题特色和考察重点,出题特色大多围绕老师的研究方向学术特点等,所以考生初试成绩中公共课拉开的分差较小,两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

大部分考生的专业课分数都集中在80-90分之间。

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