09年一月MBA写作真题及解析
新书试读-《洞穿专硕写作历年真题全解》-2009.1管理类联考论说文
2009年1月管理类联考真题【题干审读】以“由三鹿奶粉事件所想到的”为题，写一篇700字左右的论说文。
（35分）【题目解析】题干从形式上看是命题作文，实际上却是材料立意作文。
考生只有熟悉“三鹿奶粉事件”是什么才能进一步审题立意。
这篇材料可以直接写写诚信经营，写对消费者负责，也可以写义利关系，即经营的道德和利益之间的关系，因此可以立意“不能见利忘义”、“不能利令智昏”、“不能赚黑心钱”、诚信、社会责任等。
其他也可以的立意，如：社会的监督机制；应该加大打假力度；重视产品的质量；企业经营应该洁身自好……【习作点评】由三鹿奶粉事件所想到的这是一场由奶粉引发的“血案”，其实质是企业对社会责任和法律道德的藐视，细细品来深感悲凉，三鹿的悲剧就在于忽略了诚信原则，于是害人害己。
诚信经营是企业的命脉，这条黄金生存法则是如此的发人深省。
于“三鹿集团”而言，不顾消费者生命安全，大肆添加非法化学品，从逐利的角度看，自然是一本万利。
但从长远的角度来看，这无异于一种“谋杀”，是对食用奶粉的孩子不负责任；更是一场“赔了夫人又折兵”的赌博，其后果便是企业的倒闭和无数家庭的不幸。
细看造成这些悲剧的原因，无外乎一个“利”字，是利益蒙蔽了诚信的双眼，更是利益给了这些无良商家以“熊心豹胆”。
追逐利益最大化使人类贪婪本性中的一种，但细观这一起“奶粉”引发的恶性事件，我们应该反思的，不仅是道德层面上缺失，更是法律法规的不全。
对比“奶粉”带给千万家庭的不幸，三鹿集团所承受的代价不过企业倒闭、法人入狱。
相较生命的饱受摧残，实在不足为谈。
再者，国内诸多行业仍处于垄断地位，许多企业一家独大，消费者在选者商品或服务时，往往选择面狭窄，内幕知晓度低。
这导致了各种行业“潜规则”横行。
“有规不依、执规不严、潜归迭出”的混乱局面必须得到彻底的医治。
轻柔的闹钟唤不起酣睡的梦中人，道德的说教挽不回逐利的心。
因此，破解“毒奶粉”这类难题，不仅需要道德舆论的谴责，更需要严规的出台。
2009年管理类联考综合真题及答案
绝密★启用前2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。
3.交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。
否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
一、问题求解（本大题共15题，每小题3分，共45分。
在下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡．．．上将所选的字母涂黑。
） 1．一家商店为回收资金把甲乙两件商品均以480元一件卖出。
已知甲商品赚了20%，乙商品亏了20%，则商店盈亏结果为（A）不亏不赚 （B）亏了50元 （C）赚了50元 （D）赚了40元 （E）亏了40元 2．某国参加北京奥运会的勇女运动员比例原为19:12，由于先增加若干名女运动员．使男女运动员比例变为20:13．后又增加了若干名男运动员，于是男女运动员比例．最终变为30:19．如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运员的总人数为（ ）。
（A）686 （B）637 （C）700 （D）661 （E）6003．某工厂定期购买一种原料，已知该厂每天需用该原料6吨，每吨价格1800元．原料的保管等费用平均每吨3元，每次购买原料支付运费900元，若该厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该每（）天购买一次原料。
（A）11 （B）10 （C）9 （D）8 （E）74．在某实验中，三个试管各盛水若千克。
现将浓度为12%的盐水10克倒入A 管中，混合后，取10克倒入口管中，混合后再取10克倒入C 管中，结果 A ，B ，C 三个试管中盐水的浓度分别为6%、2%、0.5%，那么三个试管中原来盛水最多的试管及其盛水量各是 （A）A 试管，10克 （B）B 试管，20克 （C）C 试管，30克 （D）B 试管，40克 （E）C 试管，50克5．一艘轮船往返航行于甲、乙两码头之间，着船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加50%时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将( )．（A）增加 （B）减少半个小时 （C）不变 （D）减少1个小时 （E）无法判断6．方程214x x -+=的根是（ ）。
2009年MBA联考综合能力考试大纲解析之写作(三).doc
与企业管理相关的例证，在这个主题之下有三个分论点，三个够写了，太多700字就不够了，三个分论点都有支持它的例证，结合企业管理的例子，这个不属于专业，为了背好这个，我在上课的时候给大家50个企业管理的例子，除了这个同学们还可以看看两本书：一个是刘光明编著的《企业文化案例》是北京经济管理出版社2003版；另一个是张勇编著的《听厉以宁教授讲故事》，是北京京华出版社2005版。
我们看结构和语言，结构给大家提供了三种结构，第一种对比论证（正反两面进行对比）；第二种是递进论证（一层比一层深入）；第三种多角度论证（选择与主题相关的三个不同的角度来支持总论点）。
为了使得这个结构熟练，你平时在三种结构的作文应该自己要找一些题目，每一种结构的题目要列一篇，一定要自己动手写一篇，然后到时候根据应考的题目你脑子构思的时候，要按照这三种结构选一种，安排你的议论文。
接着就是语言的问题了，语言的问题，最重要的要使用清楚准确、通顺的语言，恰当地运用格言、警句和经典言论，语言的使用最重要的在于清楚、准确和恰当，有一些格言、警句、经典言论不恰当你可不能乱用，我们作文追求到超过25分可以了，一般来说在考试现场不会写出经的美文了，在语言方面我们按照真实、朴素、准确对待可以了。
议论文就这么三个要点，反复读题，准确破题，论证有力，积累企业管理方面的例证，结构清晰，语言清楚准确就完了，按这三个要求至少要写个三五篇议论文。
最后我还想说一句，议论文它书上倾向于什么，论证有效性分析，前几年一般都出类比论证，枚举论证，还有统计论证，今年10月份里边涉及到了因果论证，因果论证是比较难评估的，对于1月份的考生我建议你侧重准备因果论证和统计论证。
由于时间的关系，今天就给大家谈这么多，我相信30分的有效性分析，还有35分的议论文，在这里拿50分是没问题的，25分的论证有效性分析，二十五六分、二十七八分的议论文，议论文的准备靠的是日积月累，就是零碎性的工夫，有效性分析可以集中一段时间就可以完成，用一两月的时间可以集中完成，议论文需要准备好多非常好的小砖头，将来便于应用，这是最好的准备议论文考试的方式。
MBA联考真题及参考答案
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】2009年1月MBA联考真题及参考答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too?????? and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engaged???????????????B. exhaustedC. ignorant???????????????D. energetic2. At fist?????? , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all.A. glance?????????????????B. gazeC. stare???????????????????D. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in??????? , but there were some details they didn't approve.A. discipline???????????????B. theoryC. principle????????????????D. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still???????? in my mouth.A. scattering???????????????B. fellingC. maintaining??????????????D. lingering5. Since the????????? of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."A. dusk????????????????????B. dustC. twinkle?????????????????? C. Dawn6. The eldest son????????????? all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th weddinganniversary of their parents.A. Clustered????????????????B. resembledC. assembled????????????????D. rendered7. I must leave now,??????????? ,if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow .A. Accidentally??????????????B. IncidentallyC. Occasionally??????????????D. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper,??????????? to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alert?????????????????????B. acuteC. keen?????????????????????D. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and????????????? workers.A. consistent?????????????????B. consciousC. confidential????????????????D. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become???????????? to the research team.A. senior?????????????????????B. juniorC. indispensible??????????????? C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people,??????? in their village, were rescued.A. trapped??????????????????B. confinedC. enclosed?????????????????D. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to?????? from downtown to his office everyday.A. wander??????????????????B. commuteC. ramble???????????????????D. motion13. The finance minister has not been so?????? since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famous??????????????????B. favorableC. popular??????????????????D. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high?????? in the govemment to behave so badly in public.A. situation?????????????????B. positionC. profession????????????????D. appointment15. Information given to employees must be??????? , clear and in easy-to-follow language.A．convenient??????????????? B．continuousC．constant????????????????? D．concise16. John was very upset because he was??????? by the police with breaking the law.A. sentenced????????????????B. arrestedC. accused??????????????????D. charged17. David likes country life and has decided??????? farming.A. go in for????????????????B. go back onC. go along with????????????D. go through with18. Jennifer has never really????? her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face that she'llnever have a child.A. come to terms with??????B. come up againstC. come out with??????????D. come down to19. A national debate is now????? about whether we should replace golden weeks with paidVacations.A. in the way?????????????B. by the wayC. under way?????????????D. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects peopleand asks them questions.A. at ease????????????????B. at randomB. in essence????????????? D. in sumIn1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had?? 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22??? from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread?? 23?? in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's? delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have?? 24?? the? economic? and political map of the world,?? 25? some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,?? 26?? major importers—including chinaand? India, home to a third of the world's population--? 27? rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central?? 28?? of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other? to?? 29? scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any? government,??? 30?? how? unpleasant, to do it .In? many? poor? nations? with? oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31? these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,?? 32?? some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising? oil? 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,??? 34 costs,? from? higher? prices. Consider Germany.? 35? it? imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia?? 36?? 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose? 37? higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama? 38? for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits? began? to? 39?? ,assales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems? 40? the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come??????????? B. gone??????????? C. crossed???????? D. arrived22. A. covered???????? B. discovered??????? C. arranged??????? D. ranged23. A. intensity??????? B. infinity???????? C. insecurity?????? D. instability24. A. drawn?????????? B. redrawn????????? C. retained??????? D. reviewed25. A. fighting??????? B. struggling??????? C. challenging????? D. threatening26. A. and??????????? B. while??????????? C. thus??????????? D. though27. A. confine???????? B. conflict???????? C. conform???????? D. confront28. A. problem???????? B. question???????? C. matter????????? D. event29. A. look for??????? B. lock up????????? C. send out??????? D. keep off30. A. no matter??????? B. what if????????? C. only if???????? D. in spite of31. A. abolishing?????? B. depriving??????? C. destroying?????? D. eliminating32. A. what??????????? B. that??????????? C. which?????????? D. whom33. A. interests?? B. taxes??????????? C. incomes???????? D. revenues34. A. as many as?????? B. as good as??????? C. as far as??????? D. as well as35. A. Although??????? B. Because????????? C. Since?????????? D. As36. A. advanced??????? B. grew??????????? C.? reduces??????? D.? multiplied37. A. even??????????? B. still??????????? C. rather????????? D. fairly38. A. asking????????? B. requesting??????? C. calling???????? D. demanding39. A. change????????? B. turn??????????? C. shift?????????? D. transform40. A. for??????????? B. from??????????? C. across????????? D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandonsHer husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---whichcould include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beenDifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to?????????? .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?????????? .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to??????????? .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be???????? .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of? "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3。
2009年1月MBA考试综合能力真题和答案
李研究员：您恐怕忽视了：这些木质工具是在泥煤沼泽中发现的,北美很少有泥煤沼泽。木质工具在普通的泥土中几年内就会腐烂化解。
36．以下哪项最为准确地概括了张教授与李研究员所讨论的问题?
A. 上述史前木质工具是否是其祖先从西伯利亚迁徙到阿拉斯加的人群使用的?
B. 张教授的论据是否能推翻上述考古学家的结论?
一、问题求解 （本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。 共15小题，每小题3分，共45分，下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项字母涂黑。
二、条件充分性判断：条件充分性判断共11小题，每小题2分，共22分
本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
解题说明：本大题要求判断所给出的条件能否充分支持题干中陈述的结论。阅读条件（1）和（2）后，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑
40．以下哪项是上述论证所假设的?
A．不完全反映全部真实的东西不能成为恰当的证据。
B．全部的真实性是不可把握的。
C．目前的法庭审理都把照片作为重要物证。
D．如果从不同角度拍摄一个物体,就可以把握它的全部真实性。
E．法庭具有判定任一证据真伪的能力。
41．以下哪项如果为真,最能削弱上述论证?
C. S市加强对驾校的管理，提高了对新驾驶员的培训标准。
D. 由于油价上涨，许多车主改乘公交车或地铁上下班。
E. S市目前的道路状况及安全设施较五年前有明显改善。
45. 肖群一周工作五天，除非这周内有法定休假日。除了周五在志愿者协会，其余四天肖群都在大平保险公司上班。上周没有法定休假日。因此，上周的周一、周二、周三和周四肖群一定在大平保险公司上班。
C．指出张教授曲解了考古学家的观点。
2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类联考综合能力真题(写作)
2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类联考综合能力真题（写作）56、论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分，等等。
）1000是100的十倍，但是当分母大到百亿的时候，作为分子的这两个数的差别就失去意义。
在知识经济时代，任何人所掌握的知识，都只是沧海一粟。
这使得在培养和选拔人才时，知识尺度已变得毫无意义。
现在网络技术可以使你在最短的时间内查询到你所需要的任何知识信息，有的大学毕业生因此感叹何必要为学习各种知识数年寒窗，这不无道理。
传授知识不应当继续成为教育，特别是高等教育的功能。
学习知识需要记忆。
记忆能力，是浅层次的大脑功能。
人们在思维方面的差异，不在于能记住什么，而在于能提出什么。
素质教育的真正目标，是培养批判性思维与创造性思维能力。
知识与此种能力之间没有实质性的联系，否则就难以解释，具有与爱因斯坦相同知识背景的人多的是，为什么唯独他发现了相对论。
硕士、博士这些知识头衔的实际价值一再受到有识之士的质疑，道理就在这里。
“知识就是力量”这一曾经激励了几代人的口号，正在成为空洞的历史回声，这其实是时代的进步。
【参考范文】知识真的不重要吗？在上述材料中，通过对知识尺度、高等教育、素质教育等内容进行论述，从而否定知识的重要性，认为知识就是力量已经过时，这是值得商榷的。
首先，在衡量知识尺度时存在比较不当的问题。
在培养和选拔人才所掌握的知识时，要以其所处行业、所在职位、所涉领域等作为衡量依据，这样的比较才有意义。
以个人知识与整体知识进行对比而得出“知识尺度的无意义”是有失偏颇的。
其次，有能力通过网络技术查询知识信息并不等同于掌握和学会运用这些知识，也不能因此来否定高等教育中知识传授的功能。
2005-2009年MBA联考语文论证有效性分析真题及参考答案
05-09年语文论证有效性分析真题及参考答案2009年春季入学MBA联考语文真题四、写作（本大题共2小题，共65分。
请写在答题纸上）61.阅读以下文字，请分析其论证在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。
600字左右。
（30分）有人提出，应当把“孝”作为选拔官员的一项标准，理由是，一个没有孝心、连自己父母都不孝顺的人，怎么能忠诚地为国家和社会尽职尽责呢？我不赞同这种观点。
现在已经是21世纪了，我们的思想意识怎么能停留在封建时代呢？选拔官员要考察其“德、勤、能、绩”，我赞同应当把“德”作为首要标准。
然而，对一个官员来说最重要的是公德而不是私德。
“孝”只是一种私德而已。
选拔和评价官员，偏重私德而忽视公德，显然是舍本逐末。
什么是公德？一言以蔽之，就是忠诚职守，在封建社会史忠于君主，现在则是忠于国家。
自古道“忠孝难以两全”。
岳飞抗击金兵，常年征战沙场，未能在母亲膝下尽孝，却成了千古传颂的英雄。
反观《二十四孝》里的那些孝子，有哪个成就了名垂青史的功业？孔繁森撇下老母，远离家乡，公而忘私，殉职边疆，显然未尽孝道，但你能指责他是个不合格的官员吗？俗话说“人无完人”，如果在选拔官员中拘泥于小节而不注意大局，就会把许多胸怀鸿鹄之志的精英拒之门外，而让那些守望燕雀小巢的庸才占领领导岗位。
（提示：论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，该论证的论据是否支持结论，论据成立的条件是否充分等。
要注意分析的内容深度、逻辑结构和语言表达。
）参考答案：61、论证有效性分析题干的论证中存在的若干逻辑错误或漏洞，考生在分析中指出论证中存在的逻辑错误或漏洞，或肯定有关论点，只要言之有理，都给分。
以下要点供参考：（1）主张“应当把‘孝’作为选拔官员的一项标准”，不意味着“思想意识停留在封建时代”，“孝”不是封建时代独有的行为规范，“主张‘孝’作为选拔官员的标准”也不能作为“思想意识停留在封建时代”的判据。
英语试卷009年联考MBA真题
2009年联考MBA真题英语试卷Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one to complete the sentence. Thenblacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too ___ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engagedB. exhaustedC. ignorantD. energetic2. At first ____, the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A. glanceB. gazeC. stareD. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in ____, but there were some details they didn’t approve.A. disciplineB. theoryC. principleD. nature4. I took the medicine 10 minutes ago, but there were some details th ey didn’t approve.A. scatteringB. feelingC. maintainingD. lingering5. Since the ___ of human history, human beings have been asking questions like ―what is theessence of life‖.A. duskB. dustC. twinkleD. dawn6. The eldest son ___ all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parents.A. clusteredB. resembledC. assembledD. rendered7. I must leave now. ____, if you want that book I’ll bring it to yo u tomorrow.A. Accidentally B .Incidentally C. Occasionally D .Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper, ___ to any sound even as low as the humming of a mosquito.A. alertB. acuteC. keenD. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and ____workers.A. consistentB. consciousC. confidentialD. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become ___to the research team.A. seniorB. juniorC. indispensableD. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40 people, ___in their village, were rescued.A. trappedB. confinedC. enclosedD. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to ___from downtown to his office every day.A. wanderB. commuteC. rambleD. motion13. The finance minister has not been so ____since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famousB. favorableC. popularD. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high ____in the government to behave so badly inpublic.A. situationB. positionC. professionD. appointment15. Information given to employees must be____, clear and in easy-to-follow language.A. convenientB. continuousC. constantD. concise16. John was very upset because he was ____by the police with breaking the law.A. sentencedB. arrestedC. accusedD. charged17. David likes country life and has decided to _____farming.A. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go through with18. Jennifer has never really___ her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the fact that she’ll neverhave a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now___ about whether we should replace golden weeks with paidvacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people____and asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomC. in essenceD. in sumSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had_ 21 _ the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge __22__ from the dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread __23__ in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s deita region.Triple-digit oil prices have __24_ the economic and political map of the world, __25__ some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, __26__ major importers---including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population---_ 27__ rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central _ 28 _ of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to _ 29__ scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, _ 30__ how unpleasant, to do it.In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being lost to corruption, __31 _ these countriesof their best hope for development. And oil s fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign government, _ 32__ some in the West see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezula and Iran are well supplied with rising oil _ 33___, a charge reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, __34__ costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany, __35__ it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia __36___ 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose __37__ higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senator MeCain and Obama _ 38__ for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to _39__, as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems__40__ the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduced D. multiplied37. A even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A for B. from C. across D. overSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Henric Ibsen, author of the play ―A Doll’s House‖, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved . From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40﹪of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences –which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7﹪of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36﹪. That is far higher than the average of 9﹪for big companies across Europe or America’s 15﹪for the Fortune 500. Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen.―I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle,‖ says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. ―Board members of public companies should be chosensolely on the basis of merit and experience,‖ he says. Several firms have even given up their status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the ―golden skirts‖. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies -- They occupy around 15﹪of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors.―Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework,‖ says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway’s chair man of the year for 2007, ―and we can afford to ask the hard question, because women are not always expected to know the answers.‖41. The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to ___A. depict women’s dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to ___A. pay a heavy fineB. close to a private businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonableB. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be setC. A common principle should be followed by all companiesD. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law44. The author attributes the phenomenon of ―golden skirts‖ to ____A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegians business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be＿A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henr ic Ibsen’s playC. women’s status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:While there’s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67.Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peer, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she’s discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rate form of cancer that had generated rumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a ―full-time healing addict‖. Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her personal ―cancer posse‖: a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of ―cancer babes‖ offered support, advice, and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn’t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she calls them.She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. ―I refused to let cancer ruin my party,‖ she writes. ‖There are just too many cooling things to do and plan and live for.‖ Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you’re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor’s ―I Will Survive‖ so loud Your neighbors call the police. Ms Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your life about your illness. ―People you tell are going to cautiously and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle, ‖she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to her heart of what every cancer patient wants the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is move vulnerable to cancer?A. ChildrenB. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are sure EXCEPT______A. Kris Carr is female writer.B. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase‖ cancer posse‖(Line 4.Para 3)probably refer to_____A. a cancer research organization.B. a group of people who suffer from cancer.C. people who have recovered from cancer.D. people who cope with cancer.49. Kris Carr makes up names for the people who treat her because_____A. she is depressed and likes swearing.B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctors.C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctors.D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctors.50. From Kris Carr’s cancer tips we may infer that______A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer.B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer.C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors.D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’s new book. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s National Intelligen ce Council, is beast known for promoting the idea of ―soft power‖, based on persuasion and influences, as a counterpoint to ―hard power‖, based on coercion (强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in policies and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that ―one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved.‖ In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modern leadership theories have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, they observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modern companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies (等级制) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion, Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls ―smart power‖, is the best approach.The domination theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the―transformational leadership pattern‖. Anyone allergic (反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the widercontext can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.Ales, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jerry to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership – in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie – and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A recurring theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required, a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.51. From the first paragraphs we may learn that Mr. Machiavelli’s idea of hard power is ______.A. well accepted by Joseph NyeB. very influential till nowadaysC. based on sound theoriesD. contrary to that of modern leadership theories52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened.53. In his book The Powers to Lead, Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadershipEXCEPT ______.A. authorityB. contextC. approachesD. morality54. Mr. Nye’s book is particularly valua ble in that it ______.A. makes little use of management termsB. summarizes various studies conciselyC. serves as an exit for leadership researchesD. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55. According to the author, the most inter esting part of Mr. Nye’s book lies in his ______.A. view of changeable leadershipB. definition of good leadershipC. summary of leadership historyD. discussion of moral leadershipQuestions 56 to560are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound ?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition,the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably dealwith___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisSection IV TranslationDirections:In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again. Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Section V WritingDirections:In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below.You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be gr eatly enriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.英语部分答案一、真题解析这次的翻译很难，但全国的学生都不会，你怕什么，这次的翻译的确很难，文章里面有个单词很可怕，关键不是生词，句子结构很奇怪，所以你们肯定觉得难。
2009年至2018年管理类联考MBAMPAcc考研写作真题与答案详解
2009年-2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考中文写作真题+答案详解适用对象：MBA、MPAcc、MPA、MEM、MTA、EMBA更新时间：2018年7月20日目录：【中文写作篇】 (2)2017年12月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (2)2016年12月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (6)2015年12月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (8)2014年12月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (11)2014年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (13)2013年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (14)2012年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (16)2011年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (18)2010年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (20)2009年1月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析 (21)【中文写作篇】2017年12月管理类硕士学位－写作真题+答案解析第56-57题，共65分。
其中论证有效性分析30分。
论说文35分。
请写在答题纸指定的位置上。
56.论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
) 哈佛大学教授本杰明·史华慈（Benjamin I.Schwartz）在二十世纪末指出，开始席卷一切的物质主义潮流将极大地冲击人类社会固有的价值观念，造成人类社会精神世界的空虚，这一论点值得商榷。
首先，按照唯物主义物质决定精神的基本原理，精神是物质在人类头脑中的反映。
因此，物质丰富只会充实精神世界，物质主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚。
其次，后物质主义理论认为：个人基本的物质生活一旦得到满足，就会把注意点转移到非物质方面，物质生活丰裕的人，往往会更注重精神生活，追求社会公平，个人尊严等等。
2009 年全国MBA联考英语真题
2009年1月全国MBA联考英语真题解析第一部分为单选略二、综合填空In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark.The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers including china and India, home to a third of the world's population 27 rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat. Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports toRussia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. over三、阅读理解：Part III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience ,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law. Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been Difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do theirhomework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. Thisclub of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3 Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question ,famously posed by Machiavelli ,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book .Mr. Nye ,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Governmentat Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council ,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power" ,based on persuasion and influence ,as a counterpoint to "hard power" ,based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books ,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership ,in both the political and business spheres .Machiavelli ,he notes ,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved ,but as it is difficult for the two to go together ,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short ,hard power is preferable to soft power .But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing ,the observe ,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated .In modem companies and democracies ,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined ,making soft power ever more important .But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion .Mr.Nye argues .Instead ,he advocates a synthesis of these two views .The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership ,is that a combination of hard and soft power ,which he calls mart power ?is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently ,the “transformational leadership pattern” .Anyone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit ,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single ,slim volume .He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.Alas ,leadership is a slippery subject ,and as he depicts various theories ,even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall .He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership in particular ,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie-and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions .A resuming theme is that as circumstances change ,different sorts of leaders are required ;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another ,and vice versa .Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli’s idea of hard power is______.A .well accepted by Joseph NyeB .very influential till nowadaysC .based on sound theoriesD .contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A .Coercion is widespread.B .Morality is devalued.C .Power is no longer concentrated.D .Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.In his book the Powers to lead ,Mr.Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadershipEXCEPT_____.A .authorityB .contextC .approachesD .morality54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A .makes little use of management termsB .summarizes various studies conciselyC .serves as an exit for leadership researchersD .sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55.According to the author ,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A view of changeable leadershipB .definition of good leadershipC .summary of leadership historyD .discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4 Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage: Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag hen the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the mostpatriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably dealwith___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisWith the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again .Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets. Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible五、写作Part V Writing (20%)Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information .Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives .We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience . In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched. But it is pity that ev ery coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another. As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives.参考答案Section II21－30 D D D B D B D A A A31－40 B A D A B C A C A CSection III41－45 D B A A C46－50 D C B C C51－55 D C A B D56－60 C B D A A由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.。
2009年mba英语试题及答案
2009年mba英语试题及答案2009年MBA英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，作者认为哪种类型的企业最有可能成功？A. 创新型企业B. 传统型企业C. 多元化企业D. 单一业务企业答案：A2. 文章中提到的“蓝海战略”是指什么？A. 寻找新的市场空间B. 降低成本以增加利润C. 通过技术创新提高竞争力D. 通过市场细分来定位产品答案：A3. 作者认为企业应该如何对待竞争对手？A. 忽略竞争对手B. 模仿竞争对手C. 与竞争对手合作D. 创新以超越竞争对手答案：D4. 文章中提到的“价值创新”是什么意思？A. 创造新的产品或服务B. 提高产品或服务的价值C. 降低产品或服务的成本D. 通过创新提高企业价值答案：B5. 根据文章，企业应该如何对待市场变化？A. 预测市场变化并迅速反应B. 等待市场变化后再做出反应C. 创造市场变化D. 忽略市场变化答案：A二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has grown rapidly. Many people enjoy the convenience of shopping from home, but there are also some disadvantages. One of the main concerns is the security of personal information. When you shop online, you often have to provide your credit card number and other sensitive information. This information can be easily stolen by hackers if the website is not secure.6. A. howeverB. thereforeC. andD. but答案：A7. A. enjoyB. hateC. dislikeD. prefer答案：A8. A. butB. andC. orD. so答案：B9. A. numberB. codeC. informationD. data答案：C10. A. safelyB. easilyC. securelyD. privately答案：B三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）11. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："Innovation is the key to success in today's competitive business environment."答案：在当今竞争激烈的商业环境中，创新是成功的关键。
2009年1月MBA联考(综合能力)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年1月MBA联考（综合能力）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 问题求解 2. 条件充分性判断 3. 逻辑推理 4. 写作问题求解本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
1．一家商店为回收资金，把甲乙两件商品均以480元一件卖出。
已知甲商品赚了20%，乙商品亏了20%，则商店盈亏结果为( )。
A．不亏不赚B．亏了50元C．赚了50元D．赚了40元E．亏了40元正确答案：E解析：2．某国参加北京奥运会的男女运动员比例原为19:12，由于先增加若干名女运动员，使男女运动员比例变为20:13，后又增加了若干名男运动员，于是男女运动员比例最终变为30:19。
如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运动员的总人数为( )。
A．686B．637C．700D．661E．600正确答案：B解析：3．某工厂定期购买一种原料。
已知该厂每天需用该原料6吨，每吨价格1 800元，原料的保管等费用平均每吨3元，每次购买原料需支付运费900元。
若该厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该每( )天购买一次原料。
A．11B．10C．9D．8E．7正确答案：B解析：4．在某实验中，三个试管各盛水若干克。
现将浓度为12%的盐水10克倒人A管中，混合后取10克倒入B管中，混合后再取10克倒入C管中，结果A、B、C三个试管中盐水的浓度分别为6%、2%、0.5%，那么三个试管中原来盛水最多的试管及其盛水量各是( )。
A．A试管，10克B．B试管，20克C．C试管，30克D．B试管，40克E．C试管，50克正确答案：C解析：5．一艘轮船往返航行于甲、乙两码头之间，若船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加50%时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将( )。
A．增加B．减少半个小时C．不变D．减少1个小时E．无法判断正确答案：A解析：6．方程|x-|2x-1||＝4的根是( )。
2009、07、06年MBA作文答案
2009年MBA作文答案五、写作At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our daily life. We are all aware that, like everything else, it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, short message makes people’s everyday life more convenient. In addition, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to friends and relatives. Therefore, it connects its users with the outsides world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news through short messages. Most important of all, with a short message people’s life will be greatly enriched.But it is pity that every medal has two sides. The disadvantages of short messages can’t be ignored. To begin with, there will be a danger of our spending too much time on it therefore ignoring what we should concentrate on. To make matters worse, sending messages all the time may add to your daily expenses. Worst of all, receiving anonymous messages may plunge you into an expected trouble.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. Its effects on people depend, to a large extent, on how it is used. Now that the disadvantages have been put out, they will be paid attention to and eliminated to some degree.2007年MBA作文答案2006年MBA作文答案。
2009年1月考研管理类联考真题及答案解析
2009年1月考研管理类联考真题及答案解析一、问题求解1、一家商店为回收资金把甲乙两件商品均以480元一件卖出。
已知甲商品赚了%20，乙商品亏了%20，则商店盈亏结果为（ ）A 、不亏不赚B 、亏了50元C 、赚了50元D 、赚了40元E 、亏了40元2、某国参加北京奥运会的男女运动员的比例原为12:19，由于先增加若干女运动员，使男女运动员的比例变为13:20，后又增加了若干名男运动员，于是男女运动员比例最终变为19:30。
如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人。
则最后运动员的总人数为（ ）A 、686B 、637C 、700D 、661E 、6003、某工厂定期购买一种原料。
已知该厂每天需用该原料6吨，每吨价格1800元，原料的保管等费用平均每吨3元，每次购买原料需支付费用900元，若该工厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该每（ ）天购买一次原料。
A 、11B 、10C 、9D 、8E 、74、在某实验中，三个试管各盛水若干。
现将浓度为%12的盐水10克倒入A 试管中混合后取10克倒入B 管中，混合后再取10克倒入C 管中，结果A 、B 、C 三个试管中盐水的浓度分别为%5.0%2%6、、。
那么三个试管中原来盛水最多的试管及其成水量各是（ ） A 、A 试管，10克 B 、B 试管，20克 C 、C 试管，30克D 、B 试管，40克E 、C 试管，50克5、一艘轮船往返航行于甲乙两个码头之间，若船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加%50时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将（ ）A 、增加B 、减少半小时C 、不变D 、减少一小时E 、无法判断6、方程412=+-x x 的根是（ ）A 、15=-=x x 或B 、15-=-=x x 或C 、353-==x x 或 D 、353=-=x x 或 E 、不存在 7、)0(032≠=++c c bx x 的两个根为βα、，如果βα+、αβ为根的一元二次方程是032=+-c bx x ，则b 和c 分别为（ ）A 、6,2B 、4,3C 、6,2--D 、6,3--E 、以上结果都不正确8、若n n n x na x a x a x x x )1()1(2)1()1()1()1(2212-++-+-=++++++ ，则=+++n na a a 212（ ）A 、213-nB 、2131-+n C 、2331-+n D 、233-n E 、433-n 9、在36人中，血型情况如下：A 型12人，B 型10人，AB 型8人，O 型6人。
论说文范文
2009年1月MBA联考试题以“由三鹿奶粉事件所想到的”为题，写一篇700字左右的论说文。
范文1：由“三鹿”事件所想到的“三鹿事件”一度成为一出考验国人承受力的“惊悚片”。
惊悚之余，为了防止再次出现“四鹿”、“五鹿”事件，我们更需要的是寻找事件的深层次原因。
对此，我所想到的是，正是以下三种痼疾的长期积累，才最终汇演成为汶川一样的大地震，振撼着国人的神经。
一是扭曲的消费观念，提供了造假市场与动力。
在现实生活中，无数的造假、掺假事件无不是顺应消费者某一方面的过度要求，如买面粉，一味求白，于是生产者就往面粉里掺加增白剂；吃油条贪图酥脆，生产者就往油条面中掺加洗衣粉…此次加入三聚氰胺的目的也是为了增加蛋白含量，无疑也是为了迎合消费者的过度需求。
二是监管部门失职，助长了造假者的气焰。
在这次事件中，掺加三聚氰胺的绝不只“三鹿”一家，而是22家。
对此，我们要问是，如果没有被捅出来，是不是监管部门仍然会任其发展呢？日常工作中，这些部门又是怎样履行职责的呢？会不会真像传闻中那样，只管收费，交了钱就给盖章呢？如果监管部门认真履行职责又怎么会出现如此恶劣事故呢？正是监督管理部门的不作为，导致不法分子一次又一次的造假、掺假行为的得逞。
三是打击力度不够，降低了掺假、造假者违法成本。
说句实在话，现在国人对假冒伪劣产品已是见怪不怪了，甚至于有些造假者也不以造假为耻。
当然也有被查处的，但是没过多久，它们又会死灰复燃，甚至比原来更嚣张了。
为什么？因为造假行为尽管受到查处，但所受处罚远低于其违法成本，皮毛之痛非但不能制止其造假行为，甚至刺激了造假欲望，使其变本加厉，为所欲为。
“三鹿”事件教训是深刻的，食品造假的危害是巨大的。
我们必须采取有力措施打击造假者，纯洁我们的消费环境。
否则，连食品安全都不能保证，还谈什么民族复兴。
范文2：做品牌要耐得住寂寞武侠剧里经常有“寂寞高手”一说。
如何才能达到“寂寞高手”的境界呢？事实证明，只有耐得住寂寞、坚持修炼才能成就“高手”的美名，否则极可能功亏一篑。
2009MBA
2009年1月MBA联考逻辑真题26. 某中学发现有学生课余用扑克玩带有赌博性质的游戏，因此规定学生不得带扑克进入学校，不过即使是硬币，也可以用作赌具，但禁止学生带硬币进入学校是不可思议的，因此，禁止学生带扑克进学校是荒谬的。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A 禁止带扑克进学校不能阻止学生在校外赌博B 硬币作为赌具远不如扑克方便C 很难查明学生是否带扑克进学校D 赌博不但败坏校风，而且影响学生学习成绩E 有的学生玩扑克不涉及赌博27. 甲、乙、丙和丁进入某围棋邀请赛半决赛，最后要决出一名冠军。
张、王和李三人对结果作了如下预测：张：冠军不是丙。
王：冠军是乙。
李：冠军是甲。
已知张、王、李三个中恰有一人的预测正确，以下哪项为真。
A 冠军是甲B 冠军是乙C 冠军是丙D 冠军是丁E 无法确定冠军是谁。
28. 除非年龄在50岁以下，并且能持续游泳三千米以上，否则不能参加下个月举行的花样横渡长江活动。
同时，高血压和心脏病患者不能参加。
老黄能持续游泳三千米以上，但没批准参加这项活动。
以上断定能推出以下哪项结论？I 老黄的年龄至少50岁II老黄患有高血压III 老黄患有心脏病A 只有IB 只有IIC 只有IIID I、II 、III至少一个E I 、II 、III都不能从题干推出29. 一项对西部山区小塘村的调查发现，小塘村约五分之三的儿童入中学后出现中度以上的近视，而他们的父母及祖辈，没有机会到正规学校接受教育，很少出现近视。
以下哪项作为上述断定的结论最为恰当？A 接受文化教育是造成近视的原因B 只有在儿童期接受正式教育才易于成为近视C 阅读和课堂作业带来的视觉压力必然造成儿童的近视D 文化教育的发展和近视现象的出现有密切关系E 小塘村约五分之二的儿童是文盲30. 小李考上了清华，或者小孙没考上北大。
增加以下哪项条件，能推出小李考上了清华？A 小张和小孙至少有一人未考上北大B 小张和小李至少有一人未考上清华C 小张和小孙都考上了北大D 小张和小李都未考上清华E 小张和小孙都未考上北大31. 大李贺小王是某报新闻部的编辑。
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四、写作：本大题共2小题，共65分。
其中论证有效性分析题30分，论说文35分。
请答在答题纸上。
56“知识就是力量”真的过时了吗？
读完材料，我们发现作者对于“知识就是力量”持否定的态度，并用分子分母法进行分析，用知识和能力没有实质性的联系作为论证。
但是，这样的论证是值得商榷的。
原因如下：首先，作者认为，每一个人所掌握的知识，相对于整个人类的知识来说，都是沧海一栗。
因此，用知识作为培养和选拔人的标准，毫无意义。
在这里，作者忽略了一个重要的问题，那就是，并不是每一个人都需要掌握所有的知识。
虽然人类的知识很多，但是根据专业划分，每一个人只需要掌握他应该掌握的知识就是足够了。
其次，作者认为，传授知识，不应该是教育的目的。
这也是不符合逻辑的。
人类的知识，本来在钱人的基础上，历经千年积累起来的。
如果教育的目的不是知识，那么人生短短几十年，怎么能去自己研究、寻找知识呢？再者，作者认为，知识和批判性思维和创造性思维没有实质性的联系，这是难以成立的。
一个人，如果要具有批判性的思维，创造性的思维，没有坚实的知识基础，是不可能实现的。
爱因斯坦如果不具备某些知识，他一定发现不了相对论。
最后，“知识就是力量”，经过实践的证明，一直是引导社会进步，科学前进的重要保证。
由此可见，该论证，在概念、方法以及论据都存在缺陷，才因此得出了错误的结论。
一、论证有效性分析
1000是100的十倍，但是当分母大到百亿的时候，作为分子的这两个数的差别就失去意义。
在知识经济时代，任何人所掌握的知识，都只是沧海一粟。
这使得在培养与选拔人才时，知识尺度已变得毫无意义。
现在网络技术可以使你在最短的时间内查询到你所需要的任何知识信息，有的大学毕业因此感叹何必要为学习各种知识数年寒窗，这不无道理。
传授知识不应当继续成为教育，特别是高等教育的功能。
学习知识需要记忆。
记忆能力，是浅层次的大脑功能。
人们在思维方面的差异，不在于能记住什么，而在于能提出什么。
素质教育的真正目标，是培养批判性思维与创造性思维能力。
知识与此种能力之间没有实质性的联系，否则就难以解释，具备与爱因斯坦相同知识背景的人多的是，为什么唯独他发现了相对论。
硕士、博士这些知识头衔的实际价值一再受到有识之士的质疑，道理就在这里。
“知识就是力量”这一曾经激励了几代人的口号，正在成为空洞的历史回声，这其实是时代的进步。
解析:
1. “1000是100的十倍，但是当分母大到百亿的时候，作为分子的这两个数的差别就失去意义。
” 该论证是欠妥当的，两个数的差别再小，在特定的需要下，其意义还是存在的。
2. 由上述前提得出“在知识经济时代，任何人所掌握的知识，都只是沧海一粟。
这使得在培养与选拔人才时，知识尺度已变得毫无意义。
”则是不当类比。
更何况，虽然“任何人所掌握的知识，都只是沧海一粟”，但是也能满足社会进步的部分需要，因为，我们没有理由也不必要，用所学的知识去应对整个世界的变化。
3. “现在网络技术可以使你在最短的时间内查询到你所需要的任何知识信息，有的大学毕业生因此感叹何必要为学习各种知识数年寒窗，这不无道理。
”该论证有待商榷，检索到知识和掌握知识是两个不同的话题，能否正确的运用知识更是有待研究。
4. “人们在思维方面的差异，不在于能记住什么，而在于能提出什么。
”则是非黑即白，可能二者的结合才能体现思维真正的优势。
5. “素质教育的真正目标，是培养批判性思维与创造性思维能力。
”与“知识与此种能力之间没有实质性的联系”没有必然联系，论证者显然缺乏更多的证据来证明他的观点。
论证者以“具备与爱因斯坦相同知识背景的人多的是，为什么唯独他发现了相对论。
则是以偏概全。
6. “硕士、博士这些知识头衔的实际价值一再受到有识之士的质疑，道理就在这里。
”该论证看似有理，其实不然。
论证者并没有提出衡量知识有用性的标准，更没有衡量硕士、博士价值的标准，因此其整体的论证过程还有待研究。
57.
由三鹿奶粉事件所想
奶毒争已去，孺子梦犹惊。
前日苏丹粉，今夕三聚氰。
全出大众手，自乃万民中。
曾以阶级论，也当兄弟同。
机玄非彼理，关纽更新征。
应对纷纭事，还须益达明。
第一段：讲述三鹿奶粉事件，并提出自己的主张。
（三鹿奶粉事件像多米勒骨牌，迅速波及到其他的奶制品企业，中国奶制品企业遭到重创，甚至连中国的食品加工业也不能独善其身。
在我们不断的谴责三鹿等相关企业没有道德心的同时，我们不禁想问：我们的政府在哪里？）第二段:解释自己的主张（此次的三鹿婴幼儿奶粉事件，无疑会对我们的质量认证体系、食品、药品、饮料的监督管理造成恶劣影响，使民众不仅对“国家免检产品”这块金字招牌产生信任危机，同时还对卫生监督管理、质量检验、市场监督管理的政府职能不作为产生很大疑虑。
众所周知，要开展药品、饮料、食品以及化妆品的生产和经营，不仅要经过卫生、工商、药监、质检等部门的生产经营认证许可，还要对从事经营生产的人员进行严格的体检和检查。
同时还要对其企业的资质和从事生产经营的技术人员进行严格的考核。
）第三段:从反面论证观念。
（举反面的例子，说明政府监管不力导致的严重后果：例如山西煤矿事件、广西的群体性事件、深圳的火灾等等，一定要展开来写。
）。
第四段：从正面论证观念。
（列举正面的例子，说明政府监管到位的好处。
比如上海多宝鱼事件，就是因为政府监督部门及时发现，才制止了一起恶性的食品安全事故的发生。
又如，政府关闭山西小煤矿，使伤亡人数直线下降等等。
）第五段：总结全文观念，同时发出号召。
（我们应该看到，市场经济是一个有序竞争的经济社会，而不是一种无政府主义的无序经济秩序。
假如我们对待食品、药品、饮料以及关乎人民生命的商品、产品建立一套相当严格的生产、经营质量监督体系，我想我们的商品质量问题就会好转。
建立一套以生产批次为主的管理制度，我们的商品质量也会明显提高，
二、论说文
以“三鹿奶粉事件所想到的”为题，写一篇700字左右的论说文。
（35分）
解析：
1、可结合企业管理，也可以不结合。
2、可从“社会责任”、“诚信管理”、“诚信”、“责任”等角度分析。