高考英语一轮复习Unit1Alandofdiversity学案选修8

Unit 1 A land of diversity
重点单词
分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
核心单词
记全记牢用准用活
1.means n. 手段；方法
2．majority n. 大多数；大半
3．hardship n. 苦难；困苦
4．vice n．&adj. 代理；副职
5．occur vi. 发生；出现
6．hire vt.&n. 租用；雇用
7．nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无
8．luggage n. 行李
9．grasp vt.&n. 抓住；掌握；领会
10．thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的
11．despite prep. 尽管；不管
12．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
13．civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间
的
14．reform vt.&vi. 改革；革新
n. 改革；改造；改良
15．thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；
深思的
◎品句填词
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next morning he
hired(租用；雇用)a boat and set out to find
the well­known painter.
2．(2019·江苏卷) Despite(尽管)their many
differences，all human beings share
several defining characteristics.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) I wish that
you could grasp(抓住)this opportunity to
learn traditional Chinese culture
further.
4．Maybe you have been to many countries，
but nowhere(无处)else in the world can you
find more attractive scenery than in
Switzerland.
5．It's thoughtful(thought)of Suzy to plan
everything well before the event.
6．Instead of looking at the situation from
this hopeless angle，look at everything you
still have and be thankful(thank)for all
of the good in your life.
拓展单词1.fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的
→fascinate vt.&vi.吸引；使着迷
2．majority n．大多数；大半→minority
n．少数
3．elect vt.选择；决定；选举→election
◎用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Though he failed many times in election，
he never lost heart and at last he was
elected President of the USA.(elect)
2．He indicated that an indicator should
单元主题语块背诵——人与社会之多元化的国土
1．cradle of civilization 文明的摇篮
2．Chinese civilization 中华文明
3．come to power 上台执政
4．crowd into China market 涌入中国市场
5．make a fortune 发财
6．in the process of... 在……进程中
7．under the influence of the trend of globalization 在全球化趋势的影响下8．consider multiculturalism as the most important factor
认为多元化是最重要的因素
9．one of the wonders of the world 世界奇迹之一
10．enjoy a great reputation worldwide 在全世界享有盛誉
11．well­known sightseeing spots 著名的观光景点
12．take high­speed trains 乘坐高铁
means n．手段；方法
先练会——补全句子/单句语法填空
①Students build up their vocabularies by_means_of_reading_more(通过多阅读).
②It is acknowledged that the cellphone is more than a_means_of_communication(一种通讯工具).
③Every possible means has_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.
＝All possible means have_been_tried(try)，but none has worked.
再写美——微写作
④你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
And you'd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners．
(1)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
Some sign languages are very sophisticated means of communication.
一些手势语是非常复杂的交流方式。

means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语。

majority n．大多数；大半
先练会——单句语法填空 /猜测加黑词块含义
①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.
②The majority were/was(be)on the England's team，which greatly disappointed them.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)On certain major event days，i.e.Australia Day，Anzac Day，sporting and cultural days，special additional services may operate.重大事件日再写美——词汇升级
④When it comes to education，most people believe that it is a lifetime study.
→When it comes to education，the_majority_of people believe that it is a lifetime study.
(1)the majority of... 大多数……
be in the majority 大多数
(2)major n．&v. 专业；主修
major in 主修……；以……为专业
(3)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我非常喜欢画画。

我很小就开始学习绘画，大学时选择了绘画艺术和历史作为我的专业。

elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
先练会——单句语法填空
①Tom was_elected(elect)chairman，for he is hard­working and responsible.
②If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect)，the first thing I will do is to enrich our st udents' after­class activities.
再写美——微写作
③据说只有两名学生将被选出去参加即将到来的英语演讲比赛。

It is said that only two students will_be_elected_to_take_part_in the coming English speech contest.
(1)elect sb.(as/to be)＋职位
＝be elected(as/to be)＋职位
(2)elect to do sth. 选择做某事
(3)election n. 选举
Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
此外，我的英语很好以至于我当选为我英语老师的助理。

在“elect sb.＋职务”句式中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用加任何冠词。

occur vi.发生；出现
先练会——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred(occur)billions of years ago.
②A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
再写美——微写作
③我突然想起我应该彻底打扫房间。

It_hit/struck/occurred_to_me_that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
Along with your wonderful innovation，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurred to you.
除了精彩的创新，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个主意的。

indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
先练会——单句语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate)that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
②The way a person is dressed in is a good indication(indicate)of his character or personality.
再写美——微写作
③图画显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。

As_is_indicated_in_the_picture，a boy is sitting at the table，absorbed in reading.
(1)indicate sth.(to sb. ) (向某人)指出/暗示某事
indicate that/wh­clause 表示……；示意……
(2)indication n. 暗示；表示；预兆
His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.
他的态度表明他对你所做的事情不是很满意。

单词三维练——多维度·练技能
词性转换
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·新课标山东卷) Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful(think)woman.
2．(2020·江苏卷) Chinese customs(custom)began NAT(核酸检测)on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.
3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment(punish).
4．To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply)to attend the opening ceremony.
5．Apparently(apparent)，he has made full preparations for the interview.
动词形式变化
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred(occur).
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research indicates(indicate)that the numbers have been rising for some time.
3．With the tourist trade booming(boom)，the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.
4．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed(reform)in 1978.
5．It was the first time that he had_been_elected(elect)monitor of our class.
固定用法和搭配
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were nowhere
to_be_found(find)，which made her very worried.
2．By means of WeChat，we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday communication.
3．One third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are(be)black people.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
记全记牢用准用活
1.live_on 继续存在；继续生存
2．by_means_of... 用……办法；借助……3．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作6．mark_out 画线；标出……界线7．take_in 包括；吸收
8．a_great/good_many 许多；很多9．apply_for 申请；请示得到
10．in_addition 另外
11．back_to_back 背对背；背靠背12．depend_on 依赖，相信；随……而定◎选用左栏短语填空
1．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets，I thought I should do something for them.
2．As senior students，it is important to keep_up a good state of mind.
3．They sat back_to_back on the grass in the sunshine，listening to music. 4．You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply_for the position.
5．We teamed_up_with the company and completed the big project on schedule. 6．It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.
◎单元句式会写
1．句式：it is likely that...“有可能……”教材：However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住◎单元主题佳句背诵——多元化的国土
1．It is likely that we will have a picnic by the lake at the foot of the mountain after climbing the mountain.(2017· 浙江卷书面表达)
爬完山后我们有可能会在山脚下的湖边进行
在加利福尼亚了。

2．句式：That is why...“那就是……的原因”教材：That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

3．句式：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
教材：It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的、主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。

4．句式：what引导宾语从句
教材：Exactly when the first people arrived_in_what_we_now_know_as California，no one really knows.
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。

一次野餐。

2．It is hoped that China's economy is to grow at a medium speed in the coming year.(2017·江苏卷书面表达)
希望中国经济在新的一年里保持中高速增长。

3．As one of the most famous attractions in Xiamen，Gulangyu Island appeals to a great many tourists every year.
鼓浪屿是厦门最著名的旅游景点之一，每年都吸引着大量的游客。

4．The island offers visitors various entertainments linked to the splendid nature.
这座岛屿为游客们提供了各种与大自然有关的娱乐活动。

5．Tourists can climb some of the pyramids，but it is quite challenging because the steps are very steep and narrow.
游客可以攀登其中一些金字塔，但因为台阶又陡又窄，很有挑战性。

make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；创造生活
先练会——补全句子
①The majority of those farmers make_a_living/earn_their_living(谋生)by growing wheat and corn.
②After the earthquake，the villagers tried their best to bring_the_village_back_to_life(使村庄恢复生机).
再写美——微写作
③在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你要努力适应新的生活方式。

In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging and you will try to make_a_new_life for yourself.
(1)make a living /earn one's living谋生
(2)live/lead a．..life 过着……生活
come(back)to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气
bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力
In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but to make a life.
教育不是为了教会年轻人谋生，而是要教会他们创造生活。

take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
一词多义——写出下列句中take in的含义
①The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.吸收
②Lacking necessary social experience，teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.欺骗
③Before you translate a sentence，you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解
④I managed to rent a house big enough to take in people.收留
⑤As we all know，the United States takes in a great number of states.包括
take off 脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)
take over 接收；接管；接任；取代
I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which will help you better take in the poems to be learned.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。

句型公式：This/That is why...为表语从句，意为“这/那就是……的原因”
(教材P2) That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

先练会——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷满分作文)That's why the school uniforms are a better choice than
the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.
②The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.
③He didn't attend the meeting.That's because he had an urgent thing to deal with.
再写美——句型转换
④I have a good command of English and is easy to get along with.That' s why I'm writing to apply for the job.
→The_reason_why_I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_job_is_that I have a good command of English and is easy to get along with.
(1)That's why...那就是……的原因(why从句表示结果)
(2)That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school，which is not only interesting but also meaningful.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
我们选择这部电影的原因是，它代表了我们亲爱的学校的发展，不仅有趣而且有意义的。

句型公式：It is believed that...“人们认为……”
(教材P3) It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，很快，民族融合将空前的大，这样一来，也就不会再有什么明显的大种族或大的文化群体，取而代之的将是多种族、多文化的混合体。

先练会——单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
②It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It_is_said_that(据说)about 20% of 25－34­year­olds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991.
再写美——同义句转换
④People believe that education is the most important issue facing the government.
→It_is_believed_that education is the most important issue facing the government.
→Education is_believed_to_be the most important issue facing the government.
(1)It's said/thought/reported/hoped/agreed/proved that...
据说/大家认为/据报道/大家希望/据同意/据证实……
(2)以上结构可以改为下列两种简单句形式：
①Sb./Sth.＋be＋believed/said/thought/reported to do sth.(hope除外)
②People/Sb.＋believe/say/think/report/...＋that...
It is believed that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
人们认为阅读增长知识，拓宽视野。

短语句式二维练——多维度·练技能
固定搭配和句式
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．We'll start with climbing the mountain，taking(take)in fresh air and enjoying the breathtaking views along the way.
2．I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
3．If you come to our school，you are likely to_meet(meet)some difficult problems in your life.
4．The students will_have_learned(learn)more than 3，000 idioms by the time the new term begins.
补全句子/词汇升级
1．他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。

It_is_likely_that they can understand us better and give us some reasonable advice.
2．人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于应鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍。

It_is_commonly_believed_that the influence of books is so great that people should be encouraged to read more books.
3．我对印象主义很感兴趣，印象主义被认为是我们今天所说的“现代艺术”的开端。

(2019·天津卷书面表达)
I'm interested in Impressionism，which is regarded as the beginning of what_we_call_“modern_art” today.
4．被他的行为深深地感动，她决心做一些事情回报社会。

Deeply_moved_by_what_he_did，she is determined to do something in reward for society.(过去分词作状语)
5．If we work together，we will succeed in overcoming the difficulties.
→If we team_up_with each other，we will succeed in overcoming the difficulties.
阅读完形提分练——词义理解
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·浙江卷7月完形)This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.n.手刹
2．(2020·江苏卷阅读D) We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find.n.角；角度
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.n.繁荣
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.n.掌握
2．I'm sorry I missed your birthday; it's completely slipped my mind.忘记3．Those who elect to work from home nowadays have relatively flexible working time.vt.选择
话题与高考写作（旅游）
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，你们班级计划去云台山游玩，请你写信邀请朋友Tom一起游玩。

内容包括：
①提出邀请；②交通方式，集合地点、出发时间和费用安排；③表达愿望。

Dear Tom，
How is it going？
1.As_the_majority_of_our_class_elect_to_visit_Yuntai_Mountain_this_
Saturday(由于我们班的大多数同学都选择本周六去云台山旅游)，I'd like to invite you to join us.
2.It_occurs_to_us_that_we_can_team_up_to_hire_a_bus_to_go_there(我们突然想到我们可以合伙租一辆公共汽车去那里)，which can apparently save us much money.We will
3.meet_at_our_school_gate_at_7：00_and_set_off_at_7：20(7点在校门口集合，7点20出发).First，on Saturday morning we'll climb Zhuyu Peak.Then，we'd like to travel through Red Rock Valley that afternoon and play games at night.Finally，after seeing
the waterfall on Sunday morning，we'll return.4.The_total_cost_takes_in_bus_fares，entrance_tickets_and_
accommodation(全部费用包括汽车票、门票和住宿费)，so I want to make sure how many students will participate.
I would be thankful if you could tell me whether you'd like to go or not.
Yours，
Li Hua [友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(三十六)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！。