第12节状语从句

第12节状语从句

知识点提示：掌握时间状语连词when, while, as, before, until, the moment, since ---;原因状语连词because, as, since, for, now that;地点状语连词where, wherever;目的状语连词so that, in order that, for fear that, in case;结果状语连词so---that, such---that, so that;条件状语从句连词if，unless(=if．．．not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose／supposing(假设，用于问句)，provided(that)等。;让步状语从句连词although／though(尽管，虽然)，even though／even if(即使)

高考要求：掌握和熟练使用表不同情况的连词并能在写作中运用状语从句。

知识点梳理：

1．时间状语从句

(1)when，while和as

①when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，如：

When I lived there．I used to go to the seashore on Sundays．

我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。

When the film ended，the people went back．

电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。

②while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，如：

Please don’t talk so loud while others are working．

别人在工作时，别高声说话。

③as引导一个持续性动作，多表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，如：

He hurried home，looking behind as he went．

他匆匆忙忙跑回去，一边走一边回头望。

John sings as he works．约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。

④when还可用作并列连词，其前多用进行时或be about to结构，意思是：“这时”。

如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain．

此外when还表示原因“既然”，如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes．

⑤while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music．

while还可表示“尽管”，相当于although位于句首引导让步状语从句。

While he was respected ,he was not liked.

⑥如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。如：

When／While／As 1 was walking down the street．I came across an old friend of mine．

(2)as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，

no sooner．．．than…，hardly／scarcely…when…，once(一……就……)。

这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……

就……”。从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时。如：

Once you remember it，you’11 never forget it．

The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming．

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left．

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

注意：no sooner…than…；hardly／scarcely…when…引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than 与when的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时，此外，当把no sooner和hardly／scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain．

Hardly had I got home when it began to rain．

(3)till，until和not…until

①肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到

某时间点才停止”。如：

You may stay here until the rain stops．你在这里可呆到雨停。

②否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

如：

He won’t go to bed till(until)she returns．

直到她回来他才睡觉。

③till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：

Until you told me I had no idea of it．

直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。

④not…until句型中的强调和倒装用法：