新人教版必修1《Unit4 Earthquakes 第一课时》2017年同步练习卷(浙江省宁波市鄞州高中)-教师用卷

新人教版必修1《Unit4 Earthquakes 第一课时》2017年同步练习卷（浙江省宁波市鄞州高中）副标题一、单选题（本大题共24小题，共24.0分）1.The first sentence in Paragraph 1implies that______．（）A. the survivors didn't think too much of itB. the survivors were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquakeC. the survivors didn't realize a terrible earthquake happened in such a short timeD. the survivors didn't think an earthquake could bring such great damage【答案】A【解析】答案A 推理判断题．第一句Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：预示着地震的到来，但是后文提到人们并不在意这些现象，所以答案选A．第一段的第一句话意味着______本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．2.How many signs are given that suggest an earthquake would happen in the first paragraph？（）A. Five．B. Nine．C. Twelve．D. Seven．【答案】B【解析】答案B 根据第一段内容可知，有九种迹象表明要地震，water；well walls；chicken；pigs；A smelly gas；fish；bright lights；sound；water pipes共九种迹象，所以答案选B．有多少迹象表明地震会发生在第一段？本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．3.Many strange things happened in the countryside just before the big earthquake EXCEPTthat______．（）A. the well walls had deep cracks in themB. the chickens and the pigs were too nervous to eatC. fish jumped out of pondsD. birds flew even higher than usual【答案】D【解析】答案D 细节理解题．根据第一段的内容提到了井壁的裂缝；猪和鸡紧张不吃东西；鱼从池塘里跳出来，但是没有提到鸟儿的高飞，所以答案选D．在大地震之前，农村发生了许多奇怪的事情，除了哪一项．本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．4.The second and third paragraphs are mainly about ______．（）A. the great loss the earthquake brought to TangshanB. the number of people who were killed or injuredC. when and where an earthquake happenedD. the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan【答案】A【解析】答案A 主旨大意题．根据第二段和第三段的内容可知主要写了地震给当地造成的破坏，和给唐山带来的巨大损失，所以答案选A．第二和第三段主要是写了什么．本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？（）A. Many soldiers helped to rescue the people who were trapped under the ruins．B. If the earthquake had happened during the daytime，it wouldn't have caused so manydeaths．C. People of Tangshan cared much about the strange events before the earthquake．D. The earthquake was also felt in Beijing．【答案】C【解析】答案选C 细节理解题．根据文中句子But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual the night．唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了．所以选项C的说法是错误的，故答案选C．根据文章，下列哪一项不是正确的？本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．6.How many people were killed or injured during the earthquake？（）A. More than 400，000．B. More than 150，000．C. More than 10，000．D. More than 50，000．【答案】A【解析】答案A 细节理解题．根据文中句子Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400，000．死伤的人数达到40多万．所以答案选A．有多少人在地震中丧生或受伤？本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．7.What does the last sentence"Slowly，the city began to breathe again"mean？（）A. The trees turned green．B. The city returned to normal gradually．C. The animals began to breathe．D. People who were trapped came to life．【答案】B【解析】答案B 推理判断题．根据文中句子Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane．．援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水．应该是逐渐地城市恢复过来，所以答案选B．最后一句"慢慢地，城市又开始呼吸"是什么意思？本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．8.The title"A night the earth didn't sleep"means________．（）A. the earth was awake all night longB. people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that nightC. an earthquake happened that nightD. animals on the earth would not sleep that night【答案】C【解析】答案C 主旨大意题．本文主要讲了唐山大地震，在1976年的七月28日的晚上三点四十二分，唐山发生了惨烈的地震，所以用不眠之夜来表达这次地震，符合全文内容，故答案选C．题目"不眠之夜"的意思是；本文考查根据课文内容选出正确的答案，属于阅读理解题，要求学生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．9.What is the mood of this passage？（）A. Sad．B. Serious．C. Serious and sad．D. Calm．【答案】D【解析】答案：D．根据文中的最后一段的描述After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one．Fianlly，they got married and lived happily ever after．可知，两人由原来的竞争关系，转变成了私人间的情感关系，并喜结连理，幸福的生活在了一起，说明文章的基调最终还是喜悦和平静的；故选D．--这篇文章的情感基调是什么？--平静的．对于情景交际的题目要结合上下句子的语境来认真领会说话者的意图，结合逻辑关系来作出判断．10.Just now the teacher was glad to see ____ students were practicing ____ English．（）A. the number of； speakingB. a great many of； spokenC. a great number of； to speakD. a great number of； speaking【答案】D【解析】答案：D．考查数量代词．the number of表示…的数量，不符合句意，排除A．a great many修饰名词时，后不接of，排除B．practise后接doing，构成短语practise doing，意为"练习做某事"，不接to do，排除C．a number of修饰可数名词复数，意为"许多，大量"，故D选项符合题意．刚刚老师很高兴看到许多学生正在练习说英语．考查数量代词和限定词．英语中，表示多的词主要有三类：第一类、修饰可数名词复数形式的有many，a good/great many，quite a few，a large （或great）/small number of等．第二类、修饰不可数名词的有much，a great deal of，quite a little，an amount of等．第三类、既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a great quantity of等．考生要注意归纳识记．11.The women ____ in the accident should be given first aid．（）A. damagedB. destroyedC. injuredD. killed【答案】C【解析】答案：C damage指可以修复的破坏；destroy指不可修复的破坏；injure指意外受伤；kill杀死．根据句意和各个选项的区别可知答案．故选C．在车祸中受伤的女子应该被提供急救．词义辨析抓住句意和选项含义可以轻松完成．12.Several rounds of air attacks left the city ____．（）A. in piecesB. in ruinsC. in partsD. in places【答案】B【解析】答案：Bin pieces成为碎片；in ruins成为废墟；in parts某些地方；in places在某些地方．根据语境和各个选项可知答案．故选B．几轮的空袭让这个城市成为废墟．本题考查介词短语辨析，在熟知所供词的含义的基础上与句子的语境结合，从而选出正确的答案．13.She burst ____ when she heard the sad news．（）A. into laughterB. into laughingC. out cryingD. out tears【答案】C【解析】答案选C．考查动词短语．burst into+名词=burst out+动名词，根据语境when she heard the sad news 可知此处表达"突然大哭起来"，因此答案选C．当她听到这个难过的消息时他大哭了起来．本题考查动词短语．这类题目是高考常考内容，难度较小，主要考查考生对语境的把握以及短语意思的掌握，要求考生平时注重积累相关词组短语，做题时充分考虑语境，结合选项做出正确的选择．14.How many English songs had you learned ____ of last year？（）A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at an end【答案】C【解析】答案：Cat the end of在…结束的时候；in the end最后，不与of搭配，可排除B；by the end of到…结束为止；at an end到头；结束，不与of搭配，可排除D．by the end of+过去时间和过去完成时搭配，和句中的时态一致．故选C．到去年年底为止，你已经学习了多少英语单词？本题考查介词短语辨析，在熟知所供词的含义的基础上与句子的语境结合，从而选出正确的答案．15.The young man was buried under the ruins and had to ____．（）A. be dug inB. be dug outC. dig outD. dig in【答案】B【解析】答案选B．考查动词短语．dig in 掘土把…埋起来；dig out 掘出，挖出，发现．根据语境可知此处表达"被挖出"，因此答案选B．那个年轻人被埋在废墟下，得必须挖出来．本题考查动词短语．这类题目是高考常考内容，难度较小，主要考查考生对语境的把握以及短语意思的掌握，要求考生平时注重积累相关词组短语，做题时充分考虑语境，结合选项做出正确的选择．16.My chest ____ when I make a deep breath．（）A. harmsB. woundsC. hurtsD. injures【答案】C【解析】答案：C harm伤害（及物动词；一般表示功能的损坏）；wound受伤（及物动词；一般表示刀，枪伤）；hurt疼（不及物动词），伤害（强调后果，及物动词）；injure 受伤（表示以外受伤）．根据句意和这句话需要不及物动词可知答案．故选C．当我深呼吸的时候，我的胸口疼．词义辨析抓住句意和选项含义可以轻松完成．17.The soldiers ____ many trapped people after the earthquake．（）A. rescuedB. operatedC. escapedD. sheltered【答案】A【解析】答案：A rescue救援；operate做手术；操作；escape逃跑；shelter庇护．根据句意和各个选项可知答案．故选A．士兵们在地震后救出了许多被困的人．本题考查动词词义辨析，要根据句意和选项的含义判断答案．18.The man followed by us stopped to look as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction．（）A. seeingB. having seenC. to have seenD. to see【答案】D【解析】答案：D．这里考查动词不定式表示目的，stopped and looked to do sth停下来张望是为了做…，stopped，looked和see三个动作是同时发生的，因此不用不定式的完成时，排除C，故选D．被我们跟着的那个人停下来张望，好像想看看自己是否走对了方向．本题考查非谓语动词，其中as if to do可以看成是一个特殊的非谓语动词短语，意为"似乎要去做…"．19.The old man ____ his research．（）A. buried him inB. buried himself toC. buried himself inD. buried him to【答案】C【解析】答案C．考查动词固定短语．bury oneself in埋头干，注意力集中于，是动词的固定短语，注意力集中于的短语还有be absorbed in，focus on等，注意介词的使用．这位老人把注意力集中在了他的研究调查上．本题考查短语搭配．学习时，对一些常用搭配，要积累和掌握20.The people there were greatly ____ to see everything changed overnight．（）A. pleasedB. shockedC. interestedD. moved【答案】B【解析】答案：B pleased高兴的；shocked震惊的；interested感兴趣的；moved感动的．这几个动词是过去分词形式的形容词．根据句意和选项含义可知答案．故选B．那里的人看见一夜之间一切都变了非常震惊．词义辨析抓住句意和选项含义可以轻松完成．21.We don't need to do extra work this evening．The day's work was almost ____ now．（）A. at the endB. at an endC. in the endD. by the end【答案】B【解析】答案：B at the end最后；at an end结束；at one end在一端；at our end在我方．根据句意故选B．今晚我们没有必要再加班，今天的工作现在马上要结束了．本题考查介词短语辨析，根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案．22.Five passengers were ____ in the traffic accident and have been taken to the nearest hospital．（）A. injuredB. damagedC. destroyedD. harmed【答案】A【解析】答案：A injure意外受伤；damage（不同程度的）破坏；destroy（不可修复的）破坏；harm（功能性的）伤害．根据句意和四个选项可知答案．故选A．在交通事故中有五个乘客受伤，并且已经被送到最近的医院．本题考查动词词义辨析，要根据句意和选项的含义判断答案．23.I don't know why she's looking at me ____ she knew me．I've never seen her before inmy life．（）A. asB. althoughC. even ifD. as if【答案】D【解析】答案：D．as，当…时，随着；although，尽管；even if，即使；as if，似乎，好像．结合句意可知，我从来都没有看见她，她却看着我好像认识我，可知，as if复合句意．故本题选D．我不知道为什么她看着我就好像认识我一样，我可从来没有见过她．本题考查状语从句从属连词辨析，一般来说，状语从句引导词不需要考虑引导词在从句中的成分，只要结合词义放在上下文中进行，要根据上下文的语境和语义进行辨析．24.We must do something to ____ the old temple．It's ____．（）A. protect； dangerousB. rescue； in dangerC. save； dangerD. prevent； out of danger【答案】B【解析】答案：B protect保护；rescue救援；save拯救；prevent阻止．dangerous形容词"危险的"；in danger介词短语"处于危险中"；danger名词"危险"；out of danger没有危险．根据句意和各个选项含义可知答案．故选B．我们必须采取措施来救这个古寺．它处于危险中．本题考查动词词义辨析，要根据句意结合选项含义得出答案．二、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place．It was about 5o'clock in the afternoon and I was (25) alone on the road to my daughter's school．Our plan was to go (26) together．I had stopped at a (27) to get some fresh fruit．We like to have some fruit to eat after our swim．I was driving along a high (28) on my way to the school．(29) my road was another road which was built like a (30)．I was (31) so I put the bag of apples (32) me and started to eat one．Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to (33) from side to side．Then my car started to shake!I didn't know what was happening．Perhaps something had (34) wrong with my car．I drove a little more slowly and then I (35) the car and at the same moment the road (36) onto the cars in front of me．I found myself in the (37)．I couldn't move．My legs and feet were hurting badly and I couldn't move them．All around me was (38)．But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise．Then I memorized what had happened．I had been (39) an earthquake．For about two hours nobody came．Luckily I could reach the bag of (40)，so at least I had plenty to eat．Then I heard people (41) towards me．A team of people had come to (42) if anyone was under the (43) road．I called out，"I'm here!"I heard a shout．Soon a stranger climbed to my car．"How are you (44)？"he asked．"Not too bad．"I said．They didn't get me out until the next morning．25. A. driving B. leading C. walking D. running26. A. shopping B. dancing C. swimming D. sightseeing27. A. farm B. shop C. park D. school28. A. road B. bridge C. school D. side29. A. Under B. Along C. Over D. Beside30. A. bridge B. roof C. cover D. top31. A. tired B. excited C. sleepy D. hungry32. A. over B. ahead of C. beside D. under33. A. move B. roll C. dash D. jump34. A. been B. broken C. gone D. done35. A. parked B. started C. moved D. stopped36. A. put B. ran C. fell D. jumped37. A. dark B. afternoon C. sun D. car38. A. noisy B. dusty C. quiet D. blood39. A. on B. at C. by D. in40. A. food B. sandwiches C. apples D. bread41. A. climbing． B. shouting C. moving D. driving42. A. know B. tell C. understand D. see43. A. falling B. broken C. breaking D. dirty44. A. sleeping B. doing C. eating D. going【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】B 【小题4】A 【小题5】C 【小题6】A 【小题7】D 【小题8】C 【小题9】A 【小题10】C【小题11】D 【小题12】C 【小题13】A 【小题14】C 【小题15】D 【小题16】C 【小题17】A 【小题18】D 【小题19】B 【小题20】B 【解析】ACBAC ADCAC DCACD CADBB1．A 动词辨析．结合下文第四空前的 I was driving along a high 可知，"我"开车（drive）去女儿学校．lead 意为"带领"，walk 意为"走路"，run 意为"奔跑"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为A．2．C 名词辨析．结合下文第3个空后的We liked to have some fruit to eat after our swim 可知，"我们"计划一起去游泳（swimming）．shopping 意为"购物"，dancing 意为"舞蹈"，sight-seeing 意为"观光"，均未在文中提及．故正确答案为C．3．B 名词辨析．结合下文 to get some fresh fruit 可知，"我"将车停在一家商店（shop）前准备去买一些水果．farm 意为"农场"，park 意为"公园"，school 意为"学校"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为B．4．A 名词辨析．结合下文第5个空格后的 my road was another road 可知，此处指道路（road），bridge 意为"桥"，school 意为"学校"，side 意为"侧面"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为A．5．C 介词辨析．结合下文可知，由于地震，立交桥上发生道路坍塌，砸到了"我"的车．由此推断发生坍塌的路面在"我"开车走的路的上方（over）．under 意为"在…下方"，along 意为"沿着"，beside 意为"在…旁边"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为C．6．A 名词辨析．由下文知发生了地震，像立交桥一样的路塌了，砸到了"我"的车．由此可知"我"开车走的路的上方应该是一条像桥（bridge）一样的路．roof 意为"屋顶"，cover 意为"封面"，top 意为"顶端"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为A．7．D 形容词辨析．结合下文 started to eat one 可知，此时"我"饿了（hungry）．tired 意为"疲劳的"，thirsty 意为"渴的"，sleepy 意为"困的"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为D．8．C 介词辨析．结合文意可知，开车时因为饿了所以"我"把放苹果的袋子拿到了旁边（beside）．over 意为"在…上方"，ahead of 意为"在…前方"，under 意为"在…下方"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为C．9．A 动词辨析．结合文意可知，"我"突然发现前面的车向两边移动（move）．roll 意为"滚动"，run 意为"奔跑"，jump 意为"跳跃"，均不能用来指汽车．故正确答案为A．10．C 动词辨析．结合上下文可知，此处指"我"猜想车出了毛病（gone wrong）．go wrong 为固定搭配，意为"发生故障；出毛病"．其他三项均无此搭配．故正确答案为C．11．D 动词辨析．结合文意可知，发现车身开始摇晃，"我"怀疑车出了什么问题，逐渐减速最后停（stop）了下来．start 意为"开始；启动"，move 意为"移动"，均不符合文意．park 意为"停车"，但指在停车场或某地停放车辆，故此处排除．故正确答案为D．12．C 动词辨析．结合文意可知，此时发生了地震，"我"行驶的路面的上方的一条路从高空落下来（fall）砸到了"我"前面的汽车．put 意为"放置"，run 意为"跑"，jump 意为"跳"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为C．13．A 名词辨析．结合文意可知，路倒塌后，"我"发现自己陷入了黑暗（dark）中．afternoon 意为"下午"，evening 意为"晚上"，car 意为"汽车"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为A．14．C 形容词辨析．结合下文 But below me I could hear shouts and a lot of noises，转折关系说明"我"周围一片安静（quiet），但在"我"的下方有喧闹的声音传来．noisy 意为"嘈杂声"，dusty 意为"布满灰尘的"，blood 意为"血"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为C．15．D 介词辨析．结合上下文，此处指"我"这时才意识到"我"遇到了地震．be caught in 为固定搭配，意为"陷入"．其他三项均无此搭配．故正确答案为D．16．C 名词辨析．结合第7个空格后的I put the bag of apples besideme 可知，很幸运地"我"仍能够得到那袋苹果（apple）．food 意为"食物"，sandwich 意为"三明治"，bread 意为"面包"，均未在文中提及．故正确答案为C．17．A 动词辨析．结合下文a stranger climbed to my car 可知，此处指"我"听见有人在废墟中向"我"的车爬过来（climb）．shout 应与介词at 搭配，意为"朝…大喊"，故此处排除．move 意为"移动"，单纯表示位置的"移动"，放在这里不如climb 形象，drive 意为"驾驶"，不符合文意．故正确答案为A．18．D 动词辨析．结合上下句句意可知，此处指一群救援人员来看（see）是否有人被压在被毁坏的路下面．know 意为"知道"，tell 意为"告诉；辨别"，understand 意为"理解"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为D．19．B 动词辨析．由句意可知，此处指一群救援人员来看是否有人被压在被毁坏的（broken）路下面．falling 意为"正在落下的"，breaking 意为"正在破裂的"，dirty 意为"脏的"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为B．20．B 动词辨析．结合下文"我"的回答 Not too bad 可知，陌生人问"我"感觉如何．sleep 意为"睡觉"，eat 意为"吃"，How are you going 意为"最近怎么样"，均不符合文意．故正确答案为B．本文具体描述了自己在去女儿学校的路上遇见了地震的情况，描述了地震发生时，上方的路倒塌，压倒了下面路上的汽车，导致很大的破坏的细节．完型填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：1．通读全文，理解大意．重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础．2．瞻前顾后，避难就易．在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题．对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗．3．复读全文，解决残敌．借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题．4．再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯．完形填空的特点和技巧：1．完形填空的特点：（1）只考以下四类词--名词、动词（包括短语动词）、形容词和副词．（2）首句不设空：有助于了解或推测全文的大意．（3）同一小题的四个选项都是同一词类，且为同一语法形式．2．解答完形填空的技巧：（1）词语之间的习惯搭配，或固定搭配；（2）结合生活，结合生活常识，善于观察生活，积累生活常识，就能够利用常识去做恰当的选择．（3）上下文对照，解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白．所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词．因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词．例如第60题．照应文章开篇，I knew that she would be crying我知道她会哭．但是相反，她神采奕奕地进了学校，并没有哭．故选B．（4）词语或词义复现．词汇复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密．利用词语的复现，对解题很有帮助；注意事项1．通读全文，理解大意．重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础．2．复读全文，解决残敌．借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题．三、阅读理解（本大题共8小题，共16.0分）AAn earthquake happens when two plates rub（摩擦）together．The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds．If one plate is slowly forced under the other，pressure builds up until the plates break apart．This process causes the ground to move．It is an earthquake．In other words，earthquakes are the shaking of the earth's surface caused by the earth's rocky outer layer（岩层）as a result of the energy stored within the earth．The strain within the rocks is suddenly released（释放）．The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and when it is happening．If an unpopulated region is struck，there will be low loss of life or property．If it hits a large city，there may be many injuries and much destruction．Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now．Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage．Actually，there are several million small earthquakes every year．Large earthquakes such as the 1964Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 0n the Richter scale，caused millions of dollars in damage．In the last 500years，millions of people have been killed by earthquakes around the world-including 240，000in the 1976Tangshan earthquake in China．A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation（破坏）that continues for years after the first tremor（震劫）．In 1972，a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua，Nicaragua．Fifteen years later，the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit，because the country did not have the money necessary to rebuild it．The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster．It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs．In the 1906 earthquake，it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage．An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys，causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path．45.Which of the following is the main idea of Paragraph 1？______A. An earthquake comes from inside the earth．B. The earth has great energy in storage．C. How the earth plates move．D. How an earthquake happens．46.How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destructionearthquakes cause？______A. Three．B. Four．C. Five．D. Six．47.Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people？______A. The 1964Alaskan quake．B. The 1976Tangshan earthquake．C. The 1972Managua earthquake．D. The 1906earthquake．48.The underlined word"ensuing"in the last paragraph probably means ______ ．A. causing too much heat and great damageB. causing many injuries and much destructionC. happening as a result of another eventD. happening suddenly and unexpectedly．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】C【解析】1．D 细节题；从第一段的句子：An earthquake happens when two plates rub （碰撞）together 可知答案是D，地震是怎么发生的．2．A 细节题．根据文章第三段中提及的两个地震，第四段提及了另外一个地震这三个。