1996年英语专业八级考试历年全真试卷

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英语专八听力练习

1996年英语专业八级考试听力MP3听力原文SECTION A TALKOK, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. In the previous week we talked about different types of pollution, and this week I want to focus on air pollution, air pollution caused by the car. It's well known that cars are the main cause of air pollution in a city. This can mean up to 50% of some diseases or even higher than 90 % of all air pollution are caused by the car. Obviously cars contribute a great deal to the air pollution in our cities, and this will get worse as the number of cars increases in the cities. Firstly, I would like to talk about how cars cause air pollution. How does the car cause air pollution? Well, you are all familiar with internal combustion engine, there is a mixture of petrol which explodes, and the explosion that propels the car forward. Unfortunately, in this process there are some poisonous chemicals made, and these poisonous chemicals mainly come out of the back of the car through the exhaust.Now it's not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the brakes also cause pollution. The brakes in some cars give off asphaltum, and you know asphaltum is, is highly dangerous substance, and can kill us. And thirdly, the tyres themselves give off small rubber particle which is not very good for health.We need to find solutions to this problem. I'm going to talk about four possible solutions. Firstly, we could try and discour age the use of cars. We could do this by putting higher taxes on petrol, or we could make cars more expensive, we could put prices of cars up.Secondly, we might encourage alternative methods of transport. For example, recently in Shanghai, a new built supra-underground will take some of the pressure off the roads. Some people will use the underground rather than use cars.In addition we could improve public transport, make it more comfortable, safer, more regular so that people will use the public transport rather than the car. Next, we could also use cleaner fuel rather than petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we might experiment battery cars.And lastly, we could try mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemicals that are emitted, which comes out of the cars' the exhaust pipe. We could fix things called "absolute converters" for exhaust pipe. It's something, it's a device which is seated over the exhaust, which controls the carbon amount of minor primer, which reduces the amount of dangerous chemical that cars give off. Now, it's unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on its own. I'm pretty sure that it will take a combination of all four of these solutions to solve this problem.SECTION B INTERVIEWInterviewer: So, you are an architect?Interviewee: Y es.Interviewer: Do you work for a public or private organization, or are you self-employed, that is, working on your own? Interviewee: I'm working for a private design and construction company.Interviewer: How did you start your career?Interviewee: I started it with the government.Interviewer: Oh, did you? What made you decide to work for the government?Interviewee: Well, it was a matter of chance really. I saw an advertisement for a vacant position in a newspaper, and I thought "Why don't you try it?" In fact, I have no preferences to where I work, public or private.Interviewer; And do you still have this idea, or ...Interviewee: More or less. Y es. Although I'm now working for a private firm. I worked for the government for about three year s. It was all right. Of course, there is the bureaucracy one has to put up with, but that's not that bad, if you don't mind bureaucratic wheels turning slowly, and things not being as efficient.Interviewer: Ah-ah. And what made you leave the public sector?Interviewee: Money mainly. Y ou see, I got married, and my wife doesn't work, and we wanted to start a family right away. So we thought it might be better if I moved to the private sector. This is why it's hard for me to be self-employed because self-employed work has the disadvantage that there may be time, or a period of time when you are unemployed. Interviewer: I see, so, did you join this company straight away or ...Interviewee: No, I worked for ..., in a couple of private firms before I came to this one.Interviewer: Hmm ... hmm. Now, what qualifications does one have to have to become an architect?Interviewee: Well, you've got to have a degree in architecture. That means before you apply to study architecture in any university you have to pass exams. Usually 3A levels with good results. Also you generally have to study sc iences at schoolrather than arts ... as the basis for the subject to be studied at university level. Although when you really get down to it, the subject involves some aspects of arts too. Then you need between six and seven years to work through, by the end of which you usually sit for the final examination.Interviewer: So, you mean to take up architecture, one has to have a scientific background?Interviewee: Well, yes, mainly scientific, but it helps if you have some general arts background too. Y ou know, architecture is not a pure science.Interviewer: Now, if one wants to take up architecture, one has got to be able to draw? Is that really true?Interviewee: Well, it is true that the work of an architect involves a lot of drawing, and to be an architect you must be able to draw. But this doesn't mean that if you can't at present draw, you won't have the opportunity to be an architect, because you can be taught to draw. In fact, drawing in architecture is different from drawing in art. An artist's draw ing must be good in a sense that it gives a certain impression in the mind of the viewer, in fact, some famous artists can't draw very well at all, at least not from the technical point of view. On the other hand, architect's drawing must be accurate. So, I'd say that accuracy of the drawings is what we aim at, what's important.Interviewer; Now what qualities do you think make a good architect, apart from the accuracy in his drawings? Interviewee: Well, I'm not sure if I can generalize about that. Y ou see architecture is a mixture of theory and practice. So I suppose a good architect should be good at both. An architect's work is good in as much as the construction is built precisely as the theory requires, so that it doesn't collapse or can't be used after a period of time because it's dangerous. I don't mean a well-built construction will last forever, but it's predictable that if the building is constructed in a certain way, or with cert ain materials, we can say how long it will last, provided there's no other factor.Interviewer: Such as?Interviewee; Er, for example, an earthquake or if the ground level sinks which may destroy it, so that's one part of being a good architect — to design a construction which is attractive and will last a long time.Interviewer: Right. So that's the theory side. Now, what about the practical aspect?Interviewee: Y es, the practical side concerns, I'd say, the use of the construction you design. If you design a house, the people who live in later on, must be happy as living in it. Er, a college student shouldn't think to himself. Oh, I'd rather be study, I'd rather study in the library. My bedroom is too cold because the ceiling seems to be too high, and the windows too big. Or say, when somebody is cooking in the kitchen, the smell of the food shouldn't disturb somebody who's still in bed. The bathroom should be situated for everyone's convenience, but while it's being used, the noise shouldn't disturb anyone. So you see thes e practical things which give you comfort apart from serving the purpose of the construction whatever it may be — a school, a hospital, a hotel and so on ...SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (For Questions 11—12)A man who fired three shots into a crowded birthday party killing one man and wounding two other people has been sentenced to six years in prison. 36-year-old Mark Eastwood was in court for sentencing today after a jury had found him guilty of manslaughter, but not guilty of murder.Mark Eastwood snapped after being kept awake for four successive nights by noisy parties yards away from his home. He took a loaded revolver and fired three shots through the window of a house in the southwestern part of the city. A 25-year-old man at the party died after being hit in the head, two other people were seriously wounded.The court was told that Eastwood had a lengthy criminal record for dishonesty and he was keeping a gun without a license. Sentencing him to six years in prison, Mr Justice Dawson said, "No one must be allowed to kill innocent people and not be severely punished."News Item Two (For Questions 13—15)A 23-day search operation that begins Thursday will include 84 Americans and their V ietnamese counterparts split in the eight teams. The spokesman for the operation said four of the teams are currently in the midst of a dry season. The spokesmen said Vietnam turned over 67 sets of remains which the Vietnamese believed to be of Americans last year, the most since it began returning such remains in the early 1980s. V ietnam first allowed American search teams into the country in 1988, and the first consisted of just three men. V ietnam has turned over hundreds of sets of remains since the end of the war in 1975. So far 280 such sets have been positively identified as the remains of missing Americans. The remains are examined by forensic specialists at a US military laboratory in Hawaii. The fates of more than 2200 American servicemen who are missing in southeast Asia remain unsolved. 1648 of those are listed as missing in Vietnam or its waters. In an interview with the Associated Press, MajorGeneral Thomas Needham, the search operation commander said he was pleased with the progress being made to account for the missing men. He said he and his teams were allowed to go wherever they wished in Vietnam. General Needham said that he constantly pushed the V ietnamese to find and hand over more documents about the missing men.General Needham said that he didn't believe the Vietnamese government was holding back remains. However, he said some individuals who had come across remains were holding them back in the hope of being paid for them. The US does not pay for remains. In a related development, the US military announced Wednesday that Admiral Charles Lawson, the commander-in-chief of the Pacific will visit Vietnam beginning January 16. Admiral Lawson will visit the American Missing-in-Action Office in Hanoi, discuss the issue with the Vietnamese officials, and travel south to observe the excavations. Admiral Lawson will become the highest ranking US military officer to visit V ietnam since the end of the War. Admiral Lawson's visit and extensive search come at a time when officials in Washington say the question of the US trade embargo against Vietnam is under active review.David Butler for VOA news, Bangkok.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGToday I'm going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use. That is, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or to ... should be used to produce fuel. And um ... in considering this problem, I will look at three main areas: the historical background to the problem, the nature of the problems involved in, in the competition for land use, and some examples.In considering the historical background, um ... we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s. Due to the rapidly increase in ... in or the rapid, due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices leading to an energy crisis, many countries have looked for alternative, energy sources to make them independent of other countries' fossil fuels. Examples of alternative energy sources include such thing as solar power, the harnessing of wind, and the wind and waves, tides and also the production of biogas. Biogas is methane which is produced from human and animal waste. A particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the conversion of plant material to alcohol. This is interesting because in many developing countries, there is a large agricultural sector and at the same time a small industrial sector. And thus the possibility of using the agricultural sector to, to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.Scientific research is going on in the production of alcohol, for example, from sugar. And there are two economic reasons for this. First of all, the world price of sugar has fallen dramatically, or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade, which has caused the problem for those economics which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives them an alternative possibility for using their sugar. And secondly, sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol. Therefore, it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling alcohol from it.In addition to sugar, there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol. For example, in tropical countries, such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made. And in non-tropical countries, you have such things as corn and sugar beet. Now there is a problem arising from the fact that alcohol can be distilled from starchy plants and that is, that many poor countries use precisely these starchy plants, or these starch-rich crops for their food as a staple diet. So in many such countries, there is ... there is a conflict, if you like, between the choices whether to produce these crops for fuel, or to produce these crops for food and for their use, as their staple diet.It is in fact an economic problem rather than a technical problem as the poor farmers will tend to choose that which is more profitable. Indeed it is an economic problem, not, not necessarily a technological problem. The technology for the conversion of alcohol from starchy plants has been in existence for over 40 years. And there are two ways of using alcohol as car fuel. One such way is in the form of pure alcohol, and an example of this is in Brazil in a project called the Pro-Alcohol Project. And in Brazil cars are being produced to run on pure alcohol. A second use of alcohol as a car fuel is in a mixture of petrol, or with gasoline. In a mixture with gasoline, this produces a mixture called "gasohol". In Germany for example, they have an experiment in which there, there is such a mixture of 85% petrol or 85% gas, 85% gasoline and 15% methanol. So if technology and conversion of engines are not a problem, then really it is a question of economics, and there are three main factors, which ... 1996年英语专业八级考试听力MP3附试题和答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996) GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In sections A , B and C, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY, listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The speaker thinks that .A. car causes pollution only in some citiesB. 60% of the cities are affected by car pollutionC. 90% of the city residents suffer from car pollutionD. car is the main contributing factor in polluting air2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of car pollution?A. Car tyres.B. Car engines.C. Car horns.D. Car brakes.3. Which of the following is not cited as a means to reduce the number of cars?A. To pass laws to control the use of cars.B. To improve public transport systems.C. To increase car tax and car price.D. To construct effective subway systems.4. One of the mechanical solutions to car pollution is .A. to change the mechanical structure of fuelB. to improve on the exhaust pipeC. to experiment with new enginesD. to monitor the amount of chemicals5. According to the speaker. a sensible way to solve car pollution is that we shouldA. focus on one method onlyB. explore some other alternativesC. improve one of the four methodsD. integrate all of the four methods-SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. The interviewee's first job was with .A. a newspaperB. the governmentC a construction firm D. a private company7. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because .A. his wife likes him to work for a firmB. he prefers working for the governmentC. self-employed work is very demandingD. self-employed work is sometimes insecure8. To study architecture in a university one must .A. be interested in artsB. study pure science firstC. get good exam resultsD. be good at drawing9. On the subject of drawing, the interviewee says that .A. technically speaking artists draw very wellB. an artist's drawing differs little from an architect'sC. precision is a vital skill for the architectD. architects must be natural artists10. The interviewee says that the job of an architect is ________ .A. more theoretical than practicalB. to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC. more practical than theoreticalD. to produce attractive, interesting buildingsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.11. The man was convicted for .A. dishonestyB. manslaughterC. murderD. having a gun12. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Mark Eastwood had a license for a revolver.B. Mark Eastwood loved to go to noisy parties.C. Mark Eastwood smashed the windows of a house.D. Mark Eastwood had a record.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.13. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead inVietnam so far?A. 67.B. 280.C. 84.D. 1,648.14. According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the missingAmericans is slowed down because .A. the weather conditions are unfavorableB. the necessary documents are unavailableC. the sites are inaccessibleD. some local people are greedy15. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help American mainly because of .A. its changed policy towards AmericaB. recent international pressureC. its desire to have the US trade embargo liftedD. the impending visit by a senior US military officerSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Y our notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. Y ou may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.LAND USEA problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel. (1) ______ areas w ill be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its (2) ______ perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis.In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3) _____ material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of (4) ______. The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) ______ in its price and low (6)_____ costs.There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7) _____ or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8) ______ and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the people's staple food in many poor countries.Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more (9) ______. As a result, the problems involved are economic in nature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10)______, and a combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error and three are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. Y ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “／”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the lineExampleWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) vwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibitWA TERThe second most important constituent of the biosphere isliquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range oftemperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C . This isonly a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperatures (1)____of the sun.As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a (2)_____planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3)_____The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4)_____constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, whichare one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escapingfrom the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just (5)_____about replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the (6)_____earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is notknown, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7) _____to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97%- is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest isfresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles (8)_____and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when (9)_____melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than (10)____1% of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored asunderground water as is actually on the surface. There is also aminor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supplywhich is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your Colored Answer Sheet.TEXT ASTA YING HEALTHY ON HOLIDAYDo people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free healthy advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease.Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests - - the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spr ead bad news about travelers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. " The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a grey area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role," he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: "Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. " Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than £1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority", he says.16. Travel medicine in Britain is .A. not something anyone wants to runB. the responsibility of the governmentC. administered by private doctorsD. handled adequately by travel agents17. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to .A. prevent people from falling illB. make money out of itC. give advice on specific countriesD. get the government to pay for it18. In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicine .A. is for the government to decideB. should be left to specialist hospitalsC. can be left to travel companiesD. has no clear and simple answer19. People will only think better of travel medicine if .A. it is given more resources by the governmentB. more accurate information on its value is availableC. the government takes over responsibility from the NHSD. travelers pay more attention to the advice they getTEXTBTHE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL PSYCHOIXJGYWhile the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership,。

大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷(带答案)

大学英语专业八级考试测试试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Suggestions of Reading ActivitiesⅠ. Three 1 phases of reading—before reading—in the course of reading—after readingⅡ. Pre-reading activities—finding 2 to make comprehension easier—we-reading discussion activities to ease cognition—being aware of the 3 for reading—consideration of different types of reading skills:skimming, scanning, extensive reading, 4—understanding the 5 of the materialⅢ. Suggestions for during-reading activitiesA. Tips of 6 :—summarizing, reacting, questioning, 7 , evaluating, involving own experiencesB. My suggestions:—making predictions—making selections—combining 8 to facilitate comprehension—focusing on significant pieces of information—making use of 9 or guessing—breaking words into their 10—reading in 11—learning to pause—12Ⅳ. Post-reading suggestionsA. Depending on the goal of reading—penetrating 13—meshing new informationB. 14—discussing—summarizing—giving questions—filling in 15—writing reading notes—role-playingSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Methods to help people get rich. B. Eight steps to make hill use of money.C. Measures to improve the quality of life.D. Basic knowledge of the payoff.17、A. Do a financial checkup. B. Read self-help books.C. Do online banking.D. Organize their daily schedule.18、A. To have online access. B. To have a shoe box.C. To know exactly what access can be used.D. To know the condition of income.19、A. Tracking on the online banking. B. Tracking with debit cards or credit cards.C. Tracking through checking account.D. Tracking with a joint account.20、A. For small purchases. B. For major purchases.C. For household expenses.D. For mortgage payment.21、A. Because the gene has been passed down before they died.B. Because their families and relatives had similar gene.C. Because the gene had to protect people in the past and today.D. Because the gene has been passed down by skipped generation.22、A. Ten minutes before we go indoor.B. Ten minutes after exposing to the sun.C. The first ten minutes when go out in the sun.D. As soon as we go out in the sun.23、A. Because they take advantage of numerous fertilizers.B. Because they are all sprayed with pesticides.C. Because they contain great chemicals and make poisons.D. Because they have been processed before sale.24、A. Because some of them are not used to some kinds of alcohol.B. Because most of them drink fewer times than people of other continents.C. Because half of them lack a gene to break down alcohol efficiently.D. Because some of them suffer from diseases that limit drinking.25、A. It gives conventional account for medicine.B. It introduces the dietary regime for the sick.C. It sees various medical issues in new light.D. It offers tips on survival in the wilderness.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE26Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate theft bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA., which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.27The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artficial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual's genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.28The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG. and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG.. The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.29However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.30The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchersestimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.31Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG., compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.32In the meantime, Dr. Schulze's study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.PASSAGE TWO26Asked what job they would take if they could have any, people unleash their imaginations and dream of exotic places, powerful positions or work that involves alcohol and a paycheck at the same time. Or so you'd think.27None of those appeals to Lori Miller who, as a lead word processor, has to do things that don't seem so dreamy, which include proofreading, spell checking and formatting. But she loves it. "I like and respect nearly all my co-workers, and most of them feel the same way about me," she says. "Just a few things would make it a little better," she says, including a shorter commute and the return of some great people who used to work there. And one more thing: She'd appreciate if everyone would put their dishes in the dishwasher.28It's not a lot to ask for and, it turns out, a surprising number of people dreaming up their dream job don't ask for much. One could attribute it to lack of imagination, setting the bar low or "anchoring," the term referring to the place people start and never move far from. One could chalk it up to rationalizing your plight.29But maybe people simply like what they do and aren't, as some management would have you believe, asking for too much—just the elimination of a small but disproportionately powerful amount of office inanity. That may be one reason why two-thirds of Americans would take the same job again "without hesitation" and why 90% of Americans are at least somewhat satisfied with their jobs, according to a Gallup Poll.30The matters that routinely rank high on a satisfaction scale don't relate to money but "work as a means for demonstrating some sort of responsibility and achievement," says Barry Staw, professor of leadership and communication at University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business. "Pay—even when it's important, it's not for what you can buy, it's a validation of your work and approval."31So, money doesn't interest Elizabeth Gray as much as a level playing field. "I like what I do," says the city project manager who once witnessed former colleagues award a contractor, paid for work he never completed, with the title of "Contractor of the Year".32Thus: "My dream job would be one free of politics," she says. "All advancement would be based on merit. The people who really did the work would be the ones who received the credit."40Frank Gastner has a similar ideal: "VP in charge of destroying inane policies." Over the years, he's had to hassle with the simplest of design flaws that would cost virtually nothing to fix were it not for the bureaucracies that entrenched them. So, the retired manufacturer's representative says he would address product and process problems with the attitude, "It's not right; let's fix it now without a committee meeting."41Monique Huston actually has her dream job—and many tell her it's theirs, too. She's general manager of a pub in Omaha, the Dundee Dell, which boasts 650 single-malt scotches on its menu. She visits bars, country clubs, people's homes and Scotland for whiskey tasting. "I stumbled on my passion in life," she says.42Still, some nights she doesn't feel like drinking—or smiling. "Your face hurts," she complains. And when you have your dream job you wonder what in the world you'll do next.43One of the big appeals of a dream job is dreaming about it. Last year, George Reinhart saw an ad for a managing director of the privately owned island of Mustique in the West Indies.44He was lured by the salary ($1 million) and a climate that beat the one enjoyed by his Boston suburb. A documentary he saw about Mustique chronicled the posh playground for the likes of Mick Jagger and Princess Margaret. He reread Herman Wouk's "Don't Stop the Carnival," about a publicity agent who leaves his New York job and buys an island hotel. In April of last year, he applied for the job.45He heard nothing. So last May, he wrote another letter: "I wanted to thank you for providing the impetus for so much thought and fun." He didn't get the job but, he says, he takes comfort that the job hasn't been filled. "So, I can still dream," he adds.46I told him the job had been filled by someone—but only after he said, "I need to know, because then I can begin to dream of his failure."PASSAGE THREE26Israel is a "powerhouse of agricultural technology", says Abraham Goren of Elbit Imaging (EI), an Israeli multinational. The country's cows can produce as much as 37 liters of milk a day. In India, by contrast, cows yield just seven liters. Spotting an opportunity, EI is going into the Indian dairy business. It will import 10,000 cows and supply fortified and flavored milk to supermarkets and other buyers.27So will EI lap up India's milk market? Not necessarily. As the Times of India points out, its cows will ruminate less than 100 miles from the headquarters of a formidable local producer—the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation, otherwise known as Amul. This Farmers' Co-operative spans 2.6m members, collects 6.5m liters of milk a day, and boasts one of the longest-running and best-loved advertising campaigns in India. It has already shown "immense resilience" in the face of multinational competition, says Arindam Bhattacharya of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG.. Its ice-cream business survived the arrival of Unilever; its chocolate milk has thrived despite Nestleacute.28Indeed, Amul is one of 50 firms—from China, India, Brazil, Russia and six other emerging economies—that BCG has anointed as "local dynamos". They areprospering in their home market, are fending off multinational rivals, and are not focused on expanding abroad. BCG discovered many of these firms while drawing up its "global challengers" list of multinationals from the developing world. The companies that were venturing abroad most eagerly, it discovered, were not necessarily the most successful at home.29Emerging economies are still prey to what Harvard's Dani Rodrik has called "export fetishism". International success remains a firm's proudest boast, and with good reason: economists have shown that exporters are typically bigger, more efficient and pay better than their more parochial rivals. "Exporters are better" was the crisp verdict of a recent review of the data.30Countries like India and Brazil were, after all, once secluded backwaters fenced off by high tariffs. Prominent firms idled along on government favors and captive markets. In that era, exporting was a truer test of a company's worth. But as such countries have opened up, their home markets have become more trying places. Withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil may be as impressive a feat as beating them in global markets.31BCG describes some of the ways that feat has been accomplished. Of its 50 dynamos, 41 are in consumer businesses, where they can exploit a more intimate understanding of their compatriots' tastes. It gives the example of Gol, a Brazilian budget airline, which bet that its cash-strapped customers would sacrifice convenience and speed for price. Many Gol planes therefore depart at odd hours and make several hops to out-of-the-way locations, rather than flying directly.32Similarly astute was India's Titan Industries, which has increased its share of India's wristwatch market despite the entry of foreign brands such as Timex and Swatch. It understood that Indians, who expect a good price even for old newspapers, do not throw their watches away lightly, and has over 700 after-sales centers that will replace straps and batteries.40Exporters tend to be more capital-intensive than their home-bound peers; they also rely more on skilled labor. Many local dynamos, conversely, take full advantage of the cheap workforce at their disposal. Focus Media, China's biggest "out of home" advertising company, gets messages out on flat-panel displays in 85,000 locations around the country. Those displays could be linked and reprogrammed electronically, but that might fall foul of broadcast regulations. So instead the firm's fleet of workers on bicycles replaces the displays' discs and flash-cards by hand.41The list of multinationals resisted or repelled by these dynamos includes some of the world's biggest names: eBay and Google in China; Wal-Mart in Mexico; SAP in Brazil. But Mr. Goren of EI is not too worried about Amul. The market is big enough for everybody, he insists. Nothing, then, is for either company to cry about.PASSAGE FOUR26It is hard for modern people to imagine the life one hundred years ago. No television, no plastic, no ATMs, no DVDs. Illnesses like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pneumonia meant only death. Of course, cloning appeared only in science fiction. Not to mention, computer and Internet.27Today, our workplace are equipped with assembly lines, fax machines, computers. Our daily life is cushioned by air conditioners, cell phones. Antibiotics helped created a long list of miracle drugs. The by-pass operation saved millions. The discovery of DNA has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Man finally stepped on the magical and mysterious Moon. With the rapid changes we have been experiencing, the anticipation for the future is higher than ever.28A revolutionary manufacturing process made it possible for anyone to own a car. Henry Ford is the man who put the world on wheels.29When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot over-look Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Henry Ford who most influenced all manufacturing everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars—one, strange to say, that originated in slaughter houses.30Back in the early 1900s, slaughter houses used what could have been called a "disassembly line." That is, the carcass of a slain steer or a pig was moved past various meat-cutters, each of whom cut off only a certain portion. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell, of The University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development tells what happened: "The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one magneto every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."31Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile had arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.32Edsel Ford, Henry's great-grandson, and a Ford vice president: "I think that my great-grandfather would just be amazed at how far technology has come."40Many of today's innovations come from Japan. Norman Bodek, who publishes books about manufacturing processes, finds this ironic. On a recent trip to Japan he talked to two of the top officials of Toyota. "When I asked them where these secrets came from, where their ideas came from to manufacture in a totally different way, they laughed, and they said. 'Well. We just read it in Henry Ford's book from 1926: Today and Tomorrow.'"26、The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. is always accurate and reliableB. is proved to be inaccurateC. may sometimes show inaccuracyD. has helped end doping in sport27、According to official Olympic policy, which of the following ratio between TG and EG is considered suspicious? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. 1:1.B. 2.5:1.C. 3.3:1.D. 4.5:1.28、Which of the following is NOT true about UGT2B17, according to the passage? ______(PASSAGE ONE.A. None, one or two working copies of UGT2B17 can be found in different people.B. Test results would depend on numbers of working copies of UGT2B17.C. Most Caucasians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.D. Most Asians have no functional copies of UGT2B17.29、Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?______(PASSAGE ONE.A. Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.B. Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.C. Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".D. Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.30、According to the passage, ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. many people don't ask for much about their dream jobB. most Americans are not satisfied with their jobsC. Lori Miller is totally satisfied with her current jobD. Loti Miller is not satisfied with her current job at all31、What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the passage? ______(PASSAGE TWO)A. To show that people don't ask for much about their dream job.B. To show that most people in America are satisfied with their jobs.C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraph.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.32、All the following are mentioned as features of a dream job EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. demonstrating duty and achievementB. being free of politicsC. making people dream about itD. involving alcohol drinking33、According to the passage, after EI enters the Indian dairy business, ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. India's milk market will not necessarily be greatly influencedB. India's milk market will be completely lapped upC. Amul will lose in the competition with EID. Unilever and Nestleacute will leave the Indian market34、All of the following are ways to accomplish the feat of withstanding the onslaught of foreign firms on home soil EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. relying more on skilled laborB. specializing in consumer businessesC. taking advantage of the cheap workforceD. better understanding homeconsumers' tastes35、Which of the following would the author most probably agree? ______(PASSAGE THREE.A. Not all of the developing world's most successful companies are globalizing.B. Companies venturing abroad most eagerly are the most successful at home.C. Local dynamos are the most successful firms all over the world.D. Globalizing is not good for companies in emerging economies.36、To call Henry Ford "the man who put the world on wheels", the author means ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. he made quality wheels famous to the whole worldB. he produced cars for free for people all over the worldC. his innovation made it possible for anyone to own a carD. his innovation provided everyone in the world with a car37、The assembly line reduced the time to make a magneto by ______ within a year.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. 20%B. 38%C. 65%D. 75%38、Before assembly line was introduced, the price of a Ford's car was ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. $260B. $130C. $520D. $104039、The last paragraph implies that ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Today and Tomorrow provides technological solutions for manufacturersB. Many of the Japanese innovations are inspired by Today and TomorrowC. Today and Tomorrow is more popular among the Japanese than the AmericansD. Today and Tomorrow is a Japanese manufacturing encyclopedia40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.According to the passage, what is the status quo of cheating in sport?(PASSAGE ONE.41、According to the second paragraph, why are the tests for anabolic steroids inconvincible?(PASSAGE ONE.42、What does the phrase "a level playing field" in Paragraph 6 mean?(PASSAGE TWO)43、What's the main idea of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)44、According to the passage, what's the market orientation of those "local dynamos"?(PASSAGE THREE.45、According to Dani Rodrik, what's the most important achievement for "export fetishism"?(PASSAGE THREE.46、Why do many Gol planes take off at odd hours and fly indirectly?(PASSAGE THREE.47、Where did the idea of assembly line come from?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.Language performance and language acquisition are the twoprinciple concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 48The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerableamount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 49of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental researchhas been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.The consequence has been most theories in this field 50are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 51and behavior or from the recent work in language performance andacquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuableresearch on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 52the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, forexample, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,the teaching of grammar by different methods.Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 53language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that allcomparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtuallyimpossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 54how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors asmotivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions to be drawnfrom such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized toother 55teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 56 learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 57PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。

英语专业八级考试全真试卷

英语专业八级考试全真试卷Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’ s operations r efer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel millsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its ___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___.A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet UnionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. stayed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains unchanged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advantage lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press conference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case 2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the newsto groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press conference 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4.___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conferenceproceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5)___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;—(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’ s (7)___ to7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the informationprovided by a news source— not knowing the required information;— knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ skills; 8.___— knowing the information, but unwilling to share;— willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;— specific time, place, etc.;— (10) questions; 10.___— clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make i tself into an entertain ment centre. ” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches we re not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’ t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool rec e ntly spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children d on ’t want the beach. They wantarcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness kn ows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I p ointed out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standa rds of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ s plit the difference—— and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something r eal: excessively cozyrelationships between government and business really did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry——and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all —— a s proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia —— which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, c laims full cr e dit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of t he IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform ——whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the pat ients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushedtheir bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, playtheir music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society阅读理解BSECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.。

1996年考研英语真题超详解

1996年考研英语真题超详解 1996年年全真试题PartⅠClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorresponding letterinthebrackets.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompounds necessary insmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenance oflifeofanimals,including man.Theydonotprovideenergy,1dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance. Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif3ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes4.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements―usuallyhydrogen,oxygen,and5nitrogen.Theyaredifferent6theirelementsarearrangeddifferently, andeachvitamin7oneormorespecificfunctionsinthe8enoughvitaminsisessential tolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritional usefor9vitamins. Manypeople,10,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell��balanced dietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.1.［A］either［B］so［C］nor［D］never2.［A］shifting［B］transferring［C］altering［D］transforming 3.［A］any［B］some［C］anything［D］something4.［A］serious［B］apparent［C］severe［D］fatal5.［A］mostly［B］partially［C］sometimes［D］rarely6.［A］inthat［B］sothat［C］suchthat［D］exceptthat7.［A］undertakes［B］holds［C］plays［D］performs8.［A］Supplying［B］Getting［C］Providing［D］Furnishing9.［A］exceptional［B］exceeding［C］excess［D］external10.［A］nevertheless［B］therefore［C］moreover［D］meanwhilePartⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedsomequestions. Foreachquestions therearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassages carefully andchoosethebestanswereachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorresponding letterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Tight��lipped eldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudowhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings. Youcanmakeamentalblueprint ofadesireaswouldmakeablueprint ofahouse,andeachofusiscontinually makingtheseblueprints inthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifintend tohavefriends todinner, weplanthemenu,makeashopping list,decide whichfoodtocookfirst, andsuchplanning isessential foranytypeofmealtobeserved. Likewise, ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwritebriefaccount ofyourself. Inmakingablueprint forajob,beginwithyourself, forwhenyouknowexactly whatyouhavetooffer,canintelligently planwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experience andreferences. Suchanaccountisvaluable. Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplication blanksandisextremely helpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcouldbeemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications willpayhimtoemployyouyour“wares” andabilities mustbedisplayed inanorderlyandreasonably connected manner.Whenyouhavecarefully prepared ablueprint ofyourabilitiesdesires,youhavesomething tangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformation aboutyourcouldjob.Makeinquiries astothedetails regarding thejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.acertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemployment youwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securing ajobisyourjobnow.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’s notwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?［A］You’ll certainly getyouwant.［B］It’snousedreaming.［C］Youshouldbedissatisfied withwhatyouhave.［D］It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.12.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas?????????.［A］anillustration ofhowtowriteanforajob［B］anindication ofhowtosecureagoodjob［C］aguideline forjobdescription［D］aprinciple forjob13.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause???????? .［A］thatisthesteptopleasetheemployer［B］thatistherequirement oftheemployer［C］itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservicesitforceshimtobecomeclearly awareofhimself 14.Whenyouhavecarefully prepared ablueprint ofyourabilities anddesires, youhavesomething????????.［A］definitetooffer［B］imaginarytoprovide［C］practicaltosupply［D］desirabletopresentPassage2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’s newscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseBritainlisteners andviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevision channels, fiveBBCnational radioservices anddozensoflocalradiostations. Theybroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentary coverage,children’s programmesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof￡83household. Itisaremarkable record,stretching backover70years―yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporation willsurviveapublicly��funded broadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation��wide debateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC―includingordinarylistenersandviewers―tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation, andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganization asitis,ortochanges.Defenders oftheCorporation―ofwhomtherearemany―arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke”, theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinct fromtheword‘broke’, meaninghavingnosowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcasting worldarounditischanging.Thecommercial TV――ITVandChannel4――wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’s Broadcasting Acttobecomemorecommercial, competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,cuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels―fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions―whichbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.15.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces???????? .［A］theproblemofnewscoverage［B］uncertain prospect［C］inquiries bythegeneral public［D］shrinkage ofaudience 16.Inthepassage, whichofthefollowing abouttheBBCismentioned asthekeyissue?［A］Extension ofitsTVservicetoFarEast.［B］Programmes asthesubjectofanation-wide debate.［C］Potentialsforfurtherinternational co-operations.［D］Itsexistenceasabroadcasting organization.17.TheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor????????.［A］。

专业英语八级真题1996年+附答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)--GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The speaker thinks thatA．car causes pollution only in some cities.B．60% of the cities are affected by car pollution.C．90% of the city residents suffer from car pollution.D．car is the main contributing factor in polluting air.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of car pollution?A．Car tyres. B．Car engines. C．Car horns. D．Car brakes.3. Which of the following is NOT cited as a means to reduce the number of cars?A．To pass laws to control the use of cars. B．To improve public transport systems.C．To increase car tax and car price. D．To construct effective subway systems.4. One of the mechanical solutions to car pollution isA．to change the chemical structure of fuel. B．to improve on the exhaust pipe.C．to experiment with new engines. D．to monitor the amount of chemicals.5. Accoring to the speaker, a sensible way to solve car pollution is that we shouldA．focus on one method only. B．explore some other alternatives.C．improve one of the four methods. D．integrate all of the four methods.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. The interviewee's first job was withA．a newspaper. B．the government.C．a construction firm. D．a private company.7. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly becauseA．her husband likes her to work for a firm.B．she prefers working for the government.C．self-employed work is very demanding.D．self-employed work is sometimes insecure.8. To study architecture in a university one mustA．be interested in arts. B．study pure science first.C．get good exam results. D．be good at drawing.9. On the subject of drawing the interviewee says thatA．technically speaking artists draw very well.B．an artist's drawing differs little from an architect's.C．precision is a vital skill for the architect.D．architects must be natural artists.10. The interviewee says that the job of an architect isA．more theoretical than practical.B．to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings.C．more practical than theoretical.D．to produce attractive, interesting buildings.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 Swer the two questions. Now listen to the news.11. The man was convicted forA．dishonesty. B．manslaughter.C．murder. D．having a gun.12. Which of the following is TRUE?A．Mark Eastwood had a license for a revolver.B．Mark Eastwood loved to go to noisy parties.C．Mark Eastwood smashed the windows of a house.D．Mark Eastwood had a record.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.13. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead in Vietnam so far?A．67. B．280. C．84. D．1648.14. According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the missing Americans is slowed down becauseA．the weather conditions are unfavorable. B．the necessary documents are unavailable.C．the sites are inaccessible. D．some local people are greedy.15. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help America mainly because ofA．its changed policy towards America.B．recent international pressure.C．its desire to have the US trade embargo lifted.D．the impending visit by a senior US military officer.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.A problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should be used to produce food or fuel.(1) areas will be examined in this respect.Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its (2) perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis. In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3) material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of (4) The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) in its price and low (6) costs.There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7) or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8) and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the people's staple food in many poor countries. Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more (9) As a result, the problems involved are economic in nature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10) , and a combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany. PART ⅡPROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN. )Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET as instructedW ATERThe second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0℃and boils at 100℃. This is only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior ofthe earth, let the temperature of the sun. (1)As we know, life would only be possible on the face (2)of a planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3)The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4)constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms,which are one of the main constituents of water,are lost by escaping from the atmosphere toout space, but they are probably just about replaced by (5)new water rising away from the depths of the earth during (6)volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not known,and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7)to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97%—is in the form of the salt waters of theoceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is (8)in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains,and cannot be used by living systems when melted．Of the (9)remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than 1% of the (10)whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as undergroundwater as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor,but extremely important, fraction of the water supplywhich is present as water vapor in the atmosphere.PART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN. )In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then answer the questions.TEXT AStaying Healthy on Holiday1 Do people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad iii prepared to avoid serious disease.2 Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a tropical diseases hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.3 Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests, the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. "The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel any tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospitalfor Tropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a gray area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, "he says.4 To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad．And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had．This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.5 A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued．"Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control." Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than ￡1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority", he says.16. Travel medicine in Britain isA．not something anyone wants to run. B．the responsibility of the government.C．administered by private doctors. D．handled adequately by travel agents.17. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is toA．prevent people from falling ill. B．make money out of it.C．give advice on specific countries. D．get the government to pay for it.18. In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicineA．is for the government to decide. B．should be left to specialist hospitals.C．can be left to travel companies. D．has no clear and simple answer.19. People will only think better of travel medicine ifA．it is given more resources by the government.B．more accurate information on its value is available.C．the government takes over responsibility from the NHS.D．travelers pay more attention to the advice they get.TEXT BThe Historical Background of Social Psychology1 While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision-making, race relations, and conflicts of war.2 Reviewing the decade that followed World War Ⅱ, Cartwright [1961] speaks of the "excitement and optimism" of American social psychologists, and notes "the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists". Most of these, we may add show little awareness of the history of their field.3 Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development of social psychology, not only in America but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices, in the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, they argue, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are in a minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of man's chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences? Why should he not better his social relationships via social sciences? For the past century this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say.20. Social psychology developed in the USAA．because its roots are intellectually western in origin.B．as a direct response to the great depression.C．to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocide.D．because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problems.21. According to the author, social psychology should help man toA．preserve individual rights. B．become healthier.C．be aware of history. D．improve material welfare.22. Who believed that man can influence social change for the good of society?A．Cartwright. B．Spencer. C．Sumner. D．Comte.TEXT CGod and My Father1 I thought of God as a strangely emotional being. He was powerful; he was forgiving yet obdurate, full of warmth and affection. Both his wrath and affection were fitful, they came and they went, and I couldn't count on either to continue: although they both always did．In short God was much such a being as my father himself.2 What was the relation between them, I wondered — these two puzzling deities?3 My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple. He had noticed when he was a boy that there were buildings called churches; he had accepted them as a natural part of the surroundings in which he had been born. He would never have invented such things himself. Nevertheless they were here. As he grew up he regarded them as unquestioningly as he did banks. They were substantial old structures, they were respectable, decent, and venerable. They were frequented by the right sort of people. Well, that was enough.4 On the other hand he never allowed churches — or banks — to dictate to him. He gave each the respect that was due to it from his point of view; but he also expected from each of them the respect he felt due to him.5 As to creeds, he knew nothing about them, and cared nothing either; yet he seemed to know which sect he belonged with. It had to be a sect with the minimum of nonsense about it; no total immersion, no exhorters, no holy confession. He would have been a Unitarian, naturally, if he'd lived in Boston. Since he was a respectable New Yorker, he belonged in the Episcopal Church.6 As to living a spiritual life, he never tackled that problem. Some men who accept spiritual beliefs try to live up to them daily; other men who reject such beliefs, try sometimes to smash them. My father would have disagreed with both kinds entirely. He took a more distant attitude. It disgusted him where atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. But he also objected to having religion make demands upon him — he felt that religion was too vulgar, when it tried to stir up men's feelings. It had its own proper field of activity, and it was all right there, of course; but there was one place religion should let alone, and that was a man's soul. He especially loathed any talk of walking hand in hand with his Savior. And if he had ever found the Holy Ghost trying to soften his heart, he would have regarded its behavior as distinctly uncalled for; even ungentlemanly.23. The writer says his father's idea of religion seemed straightforward and simple because his fatherA．had been born in natural surroundings with banks and churches.B．never really thought of God as having a real existence.C．regarded religion as acceptable as long as it did not interfere.D．regarded religion as a way that he could live a spiritual life.24. The writer's father would probably agree with the statement thatA．both spiritualists and atheists are vulgar.B．being aware of different creeds is important.C．religion should expect heart and soul devotion.D．churches like banks are not to be trusted.TEXT DEtiquette1 In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.2 Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.3 In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission.4 Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.5 Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France.6 Province had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.7 In renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.8 Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at alllevels from the highest to the lowest.25. One characteristic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency toA．take in the recently wealthy. B．retreat within themselves.C．produce publications on manners. D．change the laws of etiquette26. Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?A．Respect for age. B．Formal compliments.C．Proper introductions at social functions. D．Eating with a fork rather than fingers.27. According to the writer which of the following is part of chivalry? A knight shouldA．inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds.B．perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs.C．express his love for his lady from a distance.D．regard his lady as strong and independent.28. Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?A．Egypt. B．18th century France.C．Renaissance Italy. D．England.TEXT EConflict And Competition1 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering the question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.2 Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. The struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.3 Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper, the unsuccessful decline while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is.29. According to the author which of the following is inevitable?A．War. B．Conflict. C．Competition. D．Cooperation.30. In the animal kingdom the struggle for existenceA．is evidence of the inevitability of conflict among the fittest.B．arises from a need to live in groups.C．is evidence of the need to compete for scarce resources.D．arises from a natural desire to fight.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN. )In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.TEXT FFirst read the following question.31. The writer believes the problems of chaos and noise will most probably only be solved byA．the students themselves. B．the students' parents.C．the college authorities. D．the newspaper.Now go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 31.Angry ResidentsGradge CrescentRudwick Sir,On two occasions since Rudwick College opened you have given front page reports on the chaotic conditions prevailing there.But whilst chaos and upheaval reigns in the college, what of the chaos and noise that local residents are subjected to? Cars are parked on the pavement, and, still worse, on the pavements at street corners. The noise from motor cycles is such that at times conversation is impossible. To add to this, our streets are littered with paper, Coca Cola tins and empty milk bottles. Huge transistor radios are carried by students at all times of the day, blasting out misic so loudly that babies wake and old people are unable to take their afternoon naps. All in all, we have found students' behavior to be quite intolerable.We appeal to students (whom we support financially via our local authority rates) to have some consideration for other people. And if the young people themselves won't listen to what we say and we suspect they won't, then perhaps their parents should knock some sense into their heads.Yours faithfully,John SmithTEXT GFirst read the following question.32. In the passage the writer's tone isA．critical. B．apathetic C．sympathetic D．neutral.Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 32.RaceAbout one-fifth of the high school students here are boycotting classes to protest the reinstatement of a principal who threatened to ban interracial couples from the prom.The boycott began on Monday as classes resumed after spring break for the 680 students at Randolph County High School.It was also the first day back for the principal, Hulond Humphries, a white man who was reinstated by a 4-to-2 vote of the school board after being suspended on March 14. Mr. Humphries, 55, who has been principal for 25 years, declined to comment on the boycott.The boycott was organized by the school board's only black member, Charlotte Clark-Freison.Parents who attended a meeting on Monday night decided to keep their children out of school today, said Ms. Clark-Freison.A group of parents traveled today to Montgomery, about 90 miles to the southwest, to meet with state education officials and ask about setting up an alternative school during the boycott, Ms. Clark-Freison said.School Superintendent Dale McKay said he did not know how many students were absent form class either on Monday or today.Tawanna Mize, a white senior, said school attendance sheets showed 157 absent students, 115 of them black.。

专业英语八级考试试题(9)

专业英语八级考试试题(9)选择适当的听力材料实际上，“听”和“说”不分家的原则也体现在英语专业八级考试中。

八级考试听力均选自一般口语性较强、反映现代生活的英语资料。

因此，考生可以集中精力多听一些大众媒介英语，进行实战演习。

所选听力材料在难度上应低于阅读材料，因为读不懂的东西一般听不懂。

来源于报刊、杂志、电影、电视的英语是听力练习的极好的材料。

英语专业的学生，特别是高年级学生，可以通过看原版电影或听电影录音剪辑来练习听力。

一般学校都会有丰富的音像资料，许多城市还专门开辟了英语电视频道，电视英语新闻对考生应付八级考试第三部分有很大的帮助。

选用恰当的练习方法练习听力时，大家可采取“精听”和“泛听”两种方式结合来训练自己，前者的重点在于深度，后者则注重广度。

精听的目的在于从what, who, where, when, why 和how等角度入手，弄懂与之有关的所有问题，即所有细节性问题；而泛听则是听懂大意即可。

通过这两方面长期不懈的努力，考生最终能获得用英语进行思维的能力。

如果能做到用英语思考问题，那么做对几道试题是不会有太多困难的，因为试题从广义上也就分为两大类，局部理解题和通篇理解题，前者属于我们精听的范畴，而后者则属于我们泛听的对象。

听的目的在于懂，那么，如何衡量自己是否听懂了呢？一个行之有效的方法就是“复述”。

我们在听完一个片段后，可将所听的内容重复一遍，如果具有较高的准确度，就说明真正听懂了；否则需要再听一遍，如果连听几遍还无法较为满意地复述，说明所听内容太难，应予以更换。

与此同时，我们还应通过“读”帮助“听”，特别是在听新闻方面。

与其他听力材料相比，新闻具有其鲜明的特点。

新闻的内容特别广泛，几乎覆盖我们生活的各个方面。

听英语新闻的一个障碍是对新闻词汇的生疏。

因此，在学习听新闻的初级阶段，我们可以阅读一些大众媒体文献，如报纸、刊物，从中积累一些新闻用语，一些重要组织的名称如EEC（European Economic Community）欧洲经济共同体、IMF（International Monetary Fund）国际货。

[实用参考]高等院校英语专业八级考试样题.doc

高等院校英语专业八级考试样题Ⅰ（翻译部分，原书P.43-44）SectionA:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheChineseteGtinto English（原文）近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。

在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。

在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。

然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。

只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。

二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。

法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。

（参考译文）Inreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebec omemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationl etters.ThishastriggeredmPreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownt hoserandomreminiscences,IbelievethatthePmightprovidesomeusefulinf ormationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionspro videoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.When encounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablPhando verhisnamecardtothenewlP-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhis hands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemsto havebecomeanindispensableritual(formalitP/etiquette).BPcontrast,anave rageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)present hisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplPwalkawaPafteraneGchangeofroutin egreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.OnlPwhenbothsides becomedeeplPengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhav etheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldthePoffert ogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffer shisnamecardwithoutsaPinganPthingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeeGtraordinarPprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssi mplePetelegant.EGquisitelPdesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldo mgolden-framed,orcolorfullPshinP,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Theletters asappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlPprominent/salient.Theentirecardco ntainsmuchemptPspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishteGtintoC hinese（原文）FourmonthsbeforetheelectiondaP,fivemengatheredinasmallconferencer oomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthat markedtheremainingdaPsofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSa turdaPinJuneandatteno'clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspractica llPdeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullPdraw n.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountr Pforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategPthatwouldguarantee RonaldReagan'sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.ItshouldhavebeeneasP.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoRe aganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanpartP,menwhounderstoodpresi dentialpoliticsaswellasanPinthecountrP.Thebackdropofthecampaignwas hospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthen ation'seconomP,akePfactorinanPelection,wasreboundingvigorouslPafter recession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlPfinanced,withplentP ofmonePforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendousperso nalpopularitPanddazzlingcommunicationskills.Reaganhassucceededmor ethananPpresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedPinprojectingabroadvisionofAmer ica-anationofrenewedmilitarPstrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfed eralgovernment.（参考译文）在离选举日还有四个月的时间，有五个人聚集在里根－布什总部的一个小型会议室里，翻着看一张硕大无比的日历，日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。

1996—2005年英语专业8级统考题中英互译试

(5) 8级测试英译汉部分；——1996—2005年英语专业8级统考题中英译汉试题评析【1996年8级测试英译汉】Four months before Election Day1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 pr esidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o’clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting4. Their aim was to devise a strategy5that would guarantee Ronald Reagan’s resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop8of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s ec onomy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed9, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff10, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America—a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government12.【概述】本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。

专业英语八级考试全真试卷参考答案

专业英语八级考试全真试卷参考答案听力原文PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKThe World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid i s passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. I ts scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billi on a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important c hanges have taken place in the size of the bank’s operations and in the emphasi s of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank’s loan p rogram. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includ es hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, w hich are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank’s affiliate—the International Development Association.In deciding the emphasis of its lending policy, the bank has had to take i nto account the population explosion which is occuring in many poor countries of the world. It is a fact that the fertility rate of the poor countries is often very high. This is one of the main reasons for these countries remaining poor. U nfortunately, wide-ranging country sectionprograms do not usually reduce this r ate because this was a strong and deeply rooted tradition among people in these countries to have big families. What the bank discovered was that there was a li nk between economic and social development on the one hand, and reduction of fer tility rate on the other. Thus by improving basic health services, by introducin g better nutrition, by increasing literacy, and by promoting more even income di stribution in a poor country, a lower and more acceptable fertility rate will be achieved. This advanced thinking persuaded the bank to change its overall lend ing strategy,(略,内容不完整，给你带来的困扰请见谅．)PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK答案：A【问句译文】世界银行运行系统变大系统的变化指的是什么？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

专八历年英译汉真题.doc

2009-01-06 |专业八级历年英译汉真题解析(1996-2000)1996年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the ReagaBush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn・ The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4・Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House・It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11 ・ Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America 一 a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【概述】木文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具冇极端性和渲染性的特点。

英语专业八级考试真题与答案(1)

英语专业八级考试真题与答案(1)Section B interviewIn this section you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the following five questions.Now listen to the interview1. According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused byA. Unfavorable weather conditions.B. Airports handling capacity.√C. Inadequate ticketing service.D. Overbooking.2. which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for the next fight out?A. Free ticket.B. Free phone callC. Cash reward√D. Seat reservation3. Why does Niget suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?A. Because all flights in and out of there are full.B. Because the volume of traffic is heavy.√C. Because there are more popular flights.D. Because there are more delays and cancellations.4. According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except.A. Booking on less popular flights.B. buying tickets at full price.C. carrying excessive luggage.D. planning long business trips.√5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent’s volume of business.B. Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper.C. It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance.√D. Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.SECTION C NEWS BROACASTIn this section you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6 what happened on Monday?A. A train crash occurred causing minor injuries.B. Investigator found out the cause of the accident.C. Crews rescued more passengers from the site.D. A commuter train crashed into a building.√Question 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.7.Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20 meeting?A. Iraq debtsB. WTO talksC. Financial disasters√D. Possible sanctions8. The G20 is a(n)________ organization.A. International√B. EuropeanC. RegionalD. AsianQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions9.The UN Charter went into effect afterA. It was signed by the 50 original member countries.B. It was approved by the founders and other member countries.C. It was approved by the foun ding members√D. It was signed by the founding members.10. Which of the following best describe the role of the charter?A. The Charter only describes powers of the UN bodies.B. The Charter mainly aims to promote world economy.C. The charter is a treaty above all other treaties.√D. The charter authorizes reforms in UN bodies.。

1996年英语专业八级考试真题及答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER ONETIME LIMIT: 95 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. The interviewee's first job was with ______ .A. a newspaperB. the governmentC. a construction firmD. a private company7. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because _____ .A.his wife likes him to work for a firmB.he prefers working for the governmentC.self-employed work is very demandingD.self-employed work is sometimes insecure8. To study architecture in a university one must ______ .A. be interested in artsB. study pure science firstC. get good exam resultsD. be good at drawing9. On the subject of drawing, the interviewee says that _____ .A.technically speaking artists draw very wellB.an artist's drawing differs little from an architect'sC.precision is a vital skill for the architectD.architects must be natural artists10. The interviewee says that the job of an architect is ________ .A. more theoretical than practicalB. to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC. more practical than theoreticalD. to produce attractive, interesting buildingsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.11. The man was convicted for _______ .A. dishonestyB. manslaughterC. murderD. having a gun12. Which of the following is TRUE?A.Mark Eastwood had a license for a revolver.B.Mark Eastwood loved to go to noisy parties.C.Mark Eastwood smashed the windows of a house.D.Mark Eastwood had a record.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.13. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead in Vietnamso far?A. 67.B. 280.C. 84.D.1, 648.14 According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the missing Americansis slowed down becauseA.the weather conditions are unfavorableB.the necessary documents are unavailableC.the sites are inaccessibleD.some local people are greedy15. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help American mainly because of.A.its changed policy towards AmericaB.recent international pressureC.its desire to have the US trade embargo liftedD.the impending visit by a senior US military officerSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION [15 MIN]Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART III READING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [30 min]In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT ASTAYING HEALTHY ON HOLIDAYDo people who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free healthy advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travelers go abroad ill prepared to avoid serious disease.Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travelers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead orin a tropical diseases hospital when they come home. But it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests - - the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travelers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take the time to spell out preventive measures travelers could take. “The NHS finds it difficult to define travelers' health," says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and tropical medicine and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London. "Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's a grey area, and opinion is split. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role," he says.To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease is linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they ate, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.A recent leader in the British Medical Journal argued: "Travel medicine will emerge as a credible discipline only if the risks encountered by travelers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. " Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice? The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than £1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security: "Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority", he says.16. Travel medicine in Britain is ______ .A.not something anyone wants to runB.the responsibility of the governmentC.administered by private doctorsD.handled adequately by travel agents17. The main interest of travel companies dealing with travel medicine is to.A. prevent people from falling illB. make money out of itC. give advice on specific countriesD. get the government to pay for it18. In Behren's opinion the question of who should run travel medicine _____ .A. is for the government to decideB. should be left to specialist hospitalsC. can be left to travel companiesD. has no clear and simple answer19. People will only think better of travel medicine if _____ .A.it is given more resources by the governmentB.more accurate information on its value is availableC.the government takes over responsibility from the NHSD.travelers pay more attention to the advice they getTEXTBTHE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL PSYCHOIXJGY While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision-making, race relations, and conflicts of war.Reviewing the decade that followed World War II , Cartwright [1961] speaks of the "excitement and optimism" of American social psychologists, and notes "the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists." Most of these, we may add, show little awareness of the history of their field.Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development of social psychology, not only in American but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices. In the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Socialevolution, they argued, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are in minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of man's chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences? Why should he not better his social relationship via social science? For the past century this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say.20. Social psychology developed in the USA ______ .A.because its roots are intellectually western in originB.as a direct response to the great depressionC.to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocideD.because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problem21. According to the author, social psychology should help him to .A. preserve individual rightsB. become healthierC. be aware of historyD. improve material welfare22. Who believed that man can influence social change for the good of society?A. Cartwright.B. Spencer.C. Sumner.D. Comte.TEXTCGOD AND MY FATHERI thought of God as a strangely emotional being. He was powerful; he was forgiving yet obdurate, full of warmth and affection. Both his wrath and affection were fitful, they came and they went, and I couldn't count on either to continue: although they both always did. In short God was much such a being as my father himself.What was the relation between them, 1 wondered — these two puzzling deities?My father's ideas of religion seemed straightforward and simple. He had noticed when he was a boy that there were buildings called churches; he had accepted them as a natural part ofthe surroundings in which he had been born. He would never have invented such things himself. Nevertheless they were here. As he grew up he regarded them as unquestioningly as he did banks. They were substantial old structures; they were respectable, decent, and venerable. They were frequented by the right sort of people. Well, that was enough.On the other hand he never allowed churches — or banks — to dictate to him. He gave each the respect that was due to it from his point of view; but he also expected from each of them the respect he felt due to him.As to creeds, he knew nothing about them, and cared nothing either; yet he seemed to know which sect he belonged with. It had to be a sect with the minimum of nonsense about it; no total immersion, no exhorters. no holy confession. He would have been a Unitarian, naturally, if he'd lived in Boston. Since he was a respectable New Yorker; he belonged in the Episcopal Church.As to living a spiritual life, he never tackled that problem. Some men who accept spiritual beliefs try to live up to them daily: other men who reject such beliefs, try sometimes to smash them. My father would have disagreed with both kinds entirely. He took a more distant attitude. It disgusted him where atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar. But he also objected to having religion make demands upon him he felt that religion was too vulgar, when it tried to stir up men's feelings. It had its own proper field of activity, and it was all right there, of course; but there was one place religion should leave alone, and that was a man's soul. He especially loathed any talk of walking hand in hand with his Savior. And if he had ever found the Holy Ghost trying to soften his heart, he would have regarded its behavior as distinctly uncalled for; even ungentlemanly.23. The writer says his father's idea of religion seemed straightforward and simple becausehis father ____________ .A.had been born in natural surroundings banks and churchesB.never really thought of God as having a real existenceC.regarded religion as acceptable as long as it did not interfereD.regarded religion as a way that he could live a spiritual life24. The writer's father would probably agree with the statement thatA.both spiritualists and atheists are vulgarB.being aware of different creeds is importantC.religion should expect heart and soul devotionD.churches like banks are not to be trustedTEXT DETIQUETTEIn sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say. women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social file as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use. etiquette suggested that after spiting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women asthe social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief,certainly not a sword, to his name.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.25. One characteristic of the rich classes of declining society is their tendency to ____ .A. take in the recently wealthyB. retreat within themselvesC. produce publications on mannersD. change the laws of etiquette26. Which of the following is NOT an element of the code of etiquette?A.Respect for age.B.Formal compliments.C.Proper introductions at social functions.D.Eating with a fork rather than fingers.27. According to the writer which of the following is part of chivalry? A knight should______ .A. inspire his lady to perform valiant deedsB. perform deeds which would inspire romantic songsC. express his love for his lady from a distanceD. regard his lady as strong and independent28. Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?A. Egypt.B. 18th century France.C. Renaissance Italy.D. England.TEXTECONFLICT AND COMPETITIONThe question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering the question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are bothcategories of op/x>sition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation , the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. The struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is.29. According to the author which of the following is inevitable?A. War.B. Conflict.C. Competition.D. Cooperation.30. In the animal kingdom the struggle for existenceA.is evidence of the inevitability of conflict among the fittestB.arises from a need to live in groupsC.is evidence of the need to compete for scarce resourcesD.arises from a natural desire to fightANSWER SHEET ONETEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)- GRADE EIGHT -PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAP-FILLING [15 MIN.]Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is grammatically and semantically acceptable.A problem related to the competition for land use is whether cropsshould be used to produce food or fuel. (1) areas will be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problem should be viewed in its (2) perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s, countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis.In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3) material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of(4) . The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) in its price and low(6) costs.There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7) or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8) and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plants is that they are also the people's staple food in many poor countries.Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. And farmers naturally go for what is more (9) . As a result, the problems involved are economic in nature, rather than technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, there have already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in two forms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10) , and a combination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)ANSWER SHEET TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)- GRADE EIGHT -PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION [15 MIN.]The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/"and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. (2) neverWhen a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must (3) exhibitoften build it.The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C . This is only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperatures (1) of the sun.As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a (2) planet had temperatures somewhere within this range. (3) The earth's supply of water probably remains quite fairly (4) constant in quantity. A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just (5) about replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the (6) earth during volcanic action. The total quantity of water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe (7) to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms. Most of it -97% - is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans. The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles (8) and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when (9) melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer than (10) 1% of the whole, there is 10—20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also aminor, but extremely important, fraction of the water supplywhich is present as water vapor in the atmosphere. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER TWOTIME LIMIT: 120 MIN.PART IV TRANSLATION [60 MIN]SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.近期报纸，对国外名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。

专八历年英译汉真题

2009-01-06 | 专业八级历年英译汉真题解析（1996-2000）1996年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【概述】本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。

1996年高等院校英语专业八级考试翻译试题

1996年高等院校英语专业八级考试/tem8/tem-8-96translation.htmC-E 原文：原文：近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。

处。

在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。

在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。

然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。

二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。

法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多彩的或带香味的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。

分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。

参考译文：参考译文：V ersion 1: In In reading reading reading recent recent recent newspapers, newspapers, newspapers, I I I have have have come come come to to to find find find that that that people people people in in China have become more and more interested in discussing name cards and invitation letters. This reminds me of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was sojourning in Paris. In writing writing down down down those those those random random random reminiscences, reminiscences, reminiscences, I I I believe believe believe that that that they they they might might provide some useful information for us to learn. In In Paris, Paris, Paris, cocktail cocktail cocktail parties parties parties and and and buffet buffet buffet receptions receptions receptions of of of different different different kinds kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully respectfully and and and with with with both both both hands, hands, hands, present present present their their their calling calling calling cards cards cards to to to their their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about about any any any topic topic topic and and and then then then excuse excuse excuse themselves. themselves. themselves. Only Only Only when when they they find find find they they like like each each each other other other and and and hope hope hope to to to further further further the the the relationship relationship relationship will will will they they they exchange exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way. The The French French French tend tend tend to to to take take take extraordinary extraordinary extraordinary precaution precaution precaution in in in making making making their their name name cards, cards, cards, simple simple simple yet yet yet elegant. elegant. elegant. Exquisitely Exquisitely Exquisitely designed designed designed and and and printed, printed, printed, their their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters which appearing on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer t be overly overly prominent prominent prominent / / / salient. salient. salient. The The The entire entire entire card card card leaves leaves leaves much much much empty empty empty space, space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness. V ersion 2: Recently, I find from newspapers that people at home are interested in cards, name and invitation alike. This reminds me of my experiences in Paris. Random as they may seem, I write them down. Perhaps, the French way way of of of handling handling handling name name name cards cards cards and and and invitation invitation invitation cards cards cards provide provide provide some some some useful useful lessons for us. Parties Parties and and and buffet buffet buffet receptions receptions receptions in in in Paris Paris Paris offer offer offer good good good opportunities opportunities opportunities for for making friends. That ’s where people get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, with great respect and both hands, present their cards before they start any conversation at all. To them, this seems a must social etiquette. The French, by contrast, usually are not ready to do so. They greet greet each each each other, other, other, and and and go go go on on on with with with some some some casual casual casual talks, talks, talks, and and and then then then excuse excuse themselves. themselves. Only Only Only when when when they they they feel feel feel like like like having having having some some some further further further relationship relationship will they exchange cards. For them, it seems unnatural to exchange cards before any real conversation. The The French French French people people people’’s s name name name cards cards cards are are are simple simple simple but but but elegant. elegant. elegant. They They They are are seldom golden-framed, colorfully shiny, or with fragrance. Words on the cards cards are are are very very very fine fine fine and and and beautiful, beautiful, beautiful, and and and the the the name name name of of of the the the bearer bearer bearer does does does not not stand stand particularly particularly particularly out. out. out. Their Their Their cards cards cards leave leave leave much much much space, space, space, and and and incur incur incur no no over-crowdedness whatsoever. V ersion 3: In In Paris, Paris, Paris, cocktail cocktail cocktail parties parties parties and and and buffet buffet buffet receptions receptions receptions of of of different different different kinds kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully respectfully and and and with with with both both both hands, hands, hands, present present present their their their calling calling calling cards cards cards to to to their their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about about any any any topic topic topic and and and then then then excuse excuse excuse themselves. themselves. themselves. Only Only Only when when they they find find find they they like like each each each other other other and and and hope hope hope to to to further further further the the the relationship relationship relationship will will will they they they exchange exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way. E-C 英译汉英译汉Four mouths before the Election Day, five men gathered in a small conference conference room room room at at at the the the Reagan-Bush Reagan-Bush Reagan-Bush headquarters headquarters headquarters and and and reviewed reviewed reviewed an an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. campaign. It It It was was was the the the last last last Saturday Saturday Saturday in in in June June June an an and d d at at at ten ten ten o’o’o’clock clock clock in in in the the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their their two two two deputies deputies deputies had had had come come come form form form around around around the the the country country country for for for a a a critical critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan Reagan’’s resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties ties to to to Reagan Reagan Reagan and and and even even even longer longer longer ties ties ties to to to the the the Republican Republican Republican Party, Party, Party, men men men who who understood understood presidential presidential presidential politics politics politics as as as well well well as as as any any any in in in the the the country. country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, election, was was was rebounding rebounding rebounding vigorously vigorously vigorously after after after recession. recession. recession. Furthermore, Furthermore, Furthermore, the the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff, staff, travel, travel, travel, and and and television television television commercials. commercials. commercials. And, And, And, most most most important, important, important, their their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity popularity and and and dazzling dazzling dazzling communication communication communication skills. skills. skills. Reagan Reagan Reagan has has has succeeded succeeded more more than than than any any any president president president since since since John John John F . F . Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy in in in projecting projecting projecting a a a broad broad vision vision of of of America America America –– a a nation nation nation of of of renewed renewed renewed military military military strength, strength, strength, individual individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 参考译文：这应该不是件难事。

1996年英语专业八级考试听力MP3

1996年英语专业八级考试听力MP3TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1996) GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In sections A , B and C, you will hear everythingONCE ONLY, listen carefully a nd then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct response foreach question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. Atthe end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds toanswer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The speaker thinks that .A. car causes pollution only in some citiesB. 60% of the cities are affected by car pollutionC. 90% of the city residents suffer from car pollutionD. car is the main contributing factor in polluting air2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of car pollution?A. Car tyres.B. Car engines.C. Car horns.D. Car brakes.3. Which of the following is not cited as a means to reduce the number of cars?A. To pass laws to control the use of cars.B. To improve public transport systems.C. To increase car tax and car price.D. To construct effective subway systems.4. One of the mechanical solutions to car pollution is .A. to change the mechanical structure of fuelB. to improve on the exhaust pipeC. to experiment with new enginesD. to monitor the amount of chemicals5. According to the speaker. a sensible way to solve car pollution is that we shouldA. focus on one method onlyB. explore some other alternativesC. improve one of the four methodsD. integrate all of the four methods-SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview with an architect. At the end o f the interview you will be given 13 seconds to answer each of the following fi ve questions. Now listen to the interview.6. The interviewee's first job was with .A. a newspaperB. the governmentC a construction firm D. a private company7. The interviewee is not self-employed mainly because .A. his wife likes him to work for a firmB. he prefers working for the governmentC. self-employed work is very demandingD. self-employed work is sometimes insecure8. To study architecture in a university one must .A. be interested in artsB. study pure science firstC. get good exam resultsD. be good at drawing9. On the subject of drawing, the interviewee says that .A. technically speaking artists draw very wellB. an artist's drawing differs little from an architect'sC. precision is a vital skill for the architectD. architects must be natural artists10. The interviewee says that the job of an architect is ________ .A. more theoretical than practicalB. to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC. more practical than theoreticalD. to produce attractive, interesting buildingsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news it em, you will begiven 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to t he news.11. The man was convicted for .A. dishonestyB. manslaughterC. murderD. having a gun12. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Mark Eastwood had a license for a revolver.B. Mark Eastwood loved to go to noisy parties.C. Mark Eastwood smashed the windows of a house.D. Mark Eastwood had a record.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news it em, you will begiven 45 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.13. How many missing American servicemen have been positively confirmed dead inVietnam so far?A. 67.B. 280.C. 84.D. 1,648.14. According to the search operation commander, the recovery of the miss ingAmericans is slowed down because .A. the weather conditions are unfavorableB. the necessary documents are unavailableC. the sites are inaccessibleD. some local people are greedy15. According to the news, Vietnam may be willing to help American mainly because of .A. its changed policy towards AmericaB. recent international pressureC. its desire to have the US trade embargo liftedD. the impending visit by a senior US military officerSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the l ecture, take noteson the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEE T ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paperfor note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make surethe word y ou fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.LAND USEA problem related to the competition for land use is whether crops should b e used to produce food or fuel. (1)______ areas will be examined in this respect. Firstly, the problemshould be v iewed in its (2)______ perspective. When oil prices rose sharply in the 1970s,countries had to look for alternatives to solve the resulting crisis.In developing countries, one of the possible answers to it is to produce alcohol from (3)_____ material. This has led to a lot of research in this area particularly in the use of (4)______. The use of this material resulted from two economic reasons: a (5) ______ in its priceand low (6)_____ costs.There are other starchy plants that can be used to produce alcohol, like the sweet (7) _____or the cassava plant in tropical regions, and (8)______ and sugar beet in non-tropical regions. The problem with these plant s is that they are also the people's staple food in manypoor countries. Therefore, farmers there are faced with a choice: crops for food or for fuel. An d farmersnaturally go for what is more (9)______. As a result, the problems involved are economic innature, rather tha n technological. This is my second area under consideration. Finally, thereha ve already been practical applications of using alcohol for fuel. Basically, they come in twoforms of use: pure alcohol as is the case in (10)______, and a c ombination of alcohol and gasoline known as gasohol in Germany.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______听力原文SECTION A TALKOK, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. In the previous week we talked a bout different types of pollution, and this week I want to focus on air pollutio n, air pollution caused by the car. It's wellknown that cars are the main caus e of air pollution in a city. This can mean up to 50% of some diseasesor even higher than 90 % of all air pollution are caused by the car. Obviously cars c ontribute a great deal to the air pollution in our cities, and this will get wors e as the number of carsincreases in the cities.Firstly, I would like to talk about how cars cause air pollution. How does the car cause air pollution? Well, you are all familiar with internal combustion engine, there is a mixture ofpetrol which explodes, and the explosion that pr opels the car forward. Unfortunately, in thisprocess there are some poisonou s chemicals made, and these poisonous chemicals mainlycome out of the ba ck of the car through the exhaust.Now it's not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the br akes also cause pollution. The brakes in some cars give off asphaltum, and y ou know asphaltum is, is highlydangerous substance, and can kill us. And thi rdly, the tyres themselves give off small rubber particle which is not very goo d for health.We need to find solutions to this problem. I'm going to talk about four possibl e solutions.Firstly, we could try and discourage the use of cars. We could do this by putting higher taxeson petrol, or we could make cars more expensive, we could put prices of cars up.Secondly, we might encourage alternative methods of transport. For exa mple, recently inShanghai, a new built supra-underground will take some of t he pressure off the roads. Somepeople will use the underground rather than use cars.In addition we could improve public transport, make it more comfortable, s afer, more regularso that people will use the public transport rather than the car. Next, we could also use cleanerfuel rather than petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we mightexperiment battery cars.And lastly, we could try mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemi cals that areemitted, which comes out of the cars' the exhaust pipe. We coul d fix things called "absoluteconverters" for exhaust pipe. It's something, it's a device which is seated over the exhaust,which controls the carbon amount of minor primer, which reduces the amount of dangerouschemical that cars give off. Now, it's unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on itsown . I'm pretty sure that it will take a combination of all four of these solutions to solve thisproblem.SECTION B INTERVIEWInterviewer: So, you are an architect?Interviewee: Yes.Interviewer: Do you work for a public or private organization, or are you self-employed, that is,working on your own?Interviewee: I'm working for a private design and construction company. Interviewer: How did you start your career?Interviewee: I started it with the government.Interviewer: Oh, did you? What made you decide to work for the government? Interviewee: Well, it was a matter of chance really. I saw an advertisement for a vacant positionin a newspaper, and I thought "Why don't you try it?" In fa ct, I have no preferences to where Iwork, public or private.Interviewer; And do you still have this idea, or ...Interviewee: More or less. Yes. Although I'm now working for a private firm. I worked for thegovernment for about three years. It was all right. Of course, t here is the bureaucracy onehas to put up with, but that's not that bad, if yo u don't mind bureaucratic wheels turningslowly, and things not being as effi cient.Interviewer: Ah-ah. And what made you leave the public sector? Interviewee: Money mainly. You see, I got married, and my wife doesn't work , and we wanted tostart a family right away. So we thought it might be better if I moved to the private sector. Thisis why it's hard for me to be self-employ ed because self-employed work has the disadvantage that there may be time , or a period of time when you are unemployed.Interviewer: I see, so, did you join this company straight away or ... Interviewee: No, I worked for ..., in a couple of private firms before I came to this one.Interviewer: Hmm ... hmm. Now, what qualifications does one have to have t o become an architect?Interviewee: Well, you've got to have a degree in architecture. That means be fore you apply tostudy architecture in any university you have to pass exams. Usually 3A levels with goodresults. Also you generally have to study sciences at school rather than arts ... as the basis forthe subject to be studied at unive rsity level. Although when you really get down to it, thesubject involves some aspects of arts too. Then you need between six and seven years to workthrou gh, by the end of which you usually sit for the final examination. Interviewer: So, you mean to take up architecture, one has to have a scientifi c background?Interviewee: Well, yes, mainly scientific, but it helps if you have some general arts backgroundtoo. You know, architecture is not a pure science. Interviewer: Now, if one wants to take up architecture, one has got to be able to draw? Is thatreally true?Interviewee: Well, it is true that the work of an architect involves a lot of dra wing, and to be an architect you must be able to draw. But this doesn't mean that if you can't at present draw,you won't have the opportunity to be an ar chitect, because you can be taught to draw. Infact, drawing in architecture is different from drawing in art. An artist's drawing must be good ina sense thatit gives a certain impression in the mind of the viewer, in fact, some famo usartists can't draw very well at all, at least not from the technical point of vi ew. On the otherhand, architect's drawing must be accurate. So, I'd say that accuracy of the drawings is whatwe aim at, what's important. Interviewer; Now what qualities do you think make a good architect, apart fr om the accuracy in his drawings?Interviewee: Well, I'm not sure if I can generalize about that. You see archit ecture is a mixtureof theory and practice. So I suppose a good architect sho uld be good at both. An architect'swork is good in as much as the constructi on is built precisely as the theory requires, so that itdoesn't collapse or can't be used after a period of time because it's dangerous. I don't mean awell-bui lt construction will last forever, but it's predictable that if the building is co nstructed in a certain way, or with certain materials, we can say how long it will last, provided there's noother factor.Interviewer: Such as?Interviewee; Er, for example, an earthquake or if the ground level sinks whic h may destroy it,so that's one part of being a good architect— to design a c onstruction which is attractive and will last a long time.Interviewer: Right. So that's the theory side. Now, what about the practical as pect?Interviewee: Yes, the practical side concerns, I'd say, the use of the construc tion you design.If you design a house, the people who live in later on, must b e happy as living in it. Er, a collegestudent shouldn't think to himself. Oh, I'd r ather be study, I'd rather study in the library. Mybedroom is too cold because the ceiling seems to be too high, and the windows too big. Orsay, when som ebody is cooking in the kitchen, the smell of the food shouldn't disturb some body who's still in bed. The bathroom should be situated for everyone's conv enience,but while it's being used, the noise shouldn't disturb anyone. So yo u see these practical thingswhich give you comfort apart from serving the pu rpose of the construction whatever it maybe — a school, a hospital, a hotel and so on ...SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (For Questions 11—12)A man who fired three shots into a crowded birthday party killing one man and wounding twoother people has been sentenced to six years in prison.36-year-old Mark Eastwood was incourt for sentencing today after a jury had found him guilty of manslaughter, but not guilty ofmurder.Mark Eastwood snapped after being kept awake for four successive nights by noisy partiesyards away from his home. He took a loaded revolver and fired t hree shots through the windowof a house in the southwestern part of the city.A 25-year-old man at the party died after beinghit in the head, two other peo ple were seriously wounded.The court was told that Eastwood had a lengthy criminal record for dishone sty and he waskeeping a gun without a license. Sentencing him to six years i n prison, Mr Justice Dawson said,"No one must be allowed to kill innocent people and not be severely punishe d."News Item Two (For Questions 13—15)A 23-day search operation that begins Thursday will include 84 Americans an d their Vietnamesecounterparts split in the eight teams. The spokesman for t he operation said four of the teamsare currently in the midst of a dry season. The spokesmen said Vietnam turned over 67 sets ofremains which the Vietna mese believed to be of Americans last year, the most since it beganreturning such remains in the early 1980s. Vietnam first allowed American search team s into thecountry in 1988, and the first consisted of just three men. Vietnam has turned over hundredsof sets of remains since the end of the war in 1975. So far 280 such sets have been positively identified as the remains of missin g Americans. The remains are examined by forensicspecialists at a US militar y laboratory in Hawaii. The fates of more than 2200 Americanservicemen who are missing in southeast Asia remain unsolved.1648 of those are listed asmissing in Vietnam or its waters. In an interview with the Associated Press, Major GeneralThomas Needham, the search operati on commander said he was pleased with the progressbeing made to account for the missing men. He said he and his teams were allowed to gowherever t hey wished in Vietnam. General Needham said that he constantly pushed th eVietnamese to find and hand over more documents about the missing men. General Needham said that he didn't believe the Vietnamese government was holding backremains. However, he said some individuals who had come acros s remains were holding themback in the hope of being paid for them. The US does not pay for remains. In a related development, the US military announ ced Wednesday that Admiral Charles Lawson, the commander-in-chief of thePacific will visit Vietnam beginning January 16. Admiral Lawson willvisit the A merican Missing-in-Action Office in Hanoi, discuss the issue with the Vietnam eseofficials, and travel south to observe the excavations. Admiral Lawson will become the highestranking US military officer to visit Vietnam since the end of the War. Admiral Lawson's visit and extensive search come at a time when officials in Washington say the question of the US trade embargo against Viet nam is under active review.David Butler for VOA news, Bangkok.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGToday I'm going to consider very briefly a problem concerned with the comp etition for landuse. That is, that is, whether crops should be used to produc e food or to ... should be used to produce fuel. And um ... in considering this problem, I will look at three main areas: thehistorical background to the probl em, the nature of the problems involved in, in the competition for land use, a nd some examples.In considering the historical background, um ... we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s.Due to the rapidly increase in ... in or the rapid, due to the rapid trend in increasing oil pricesleading to an energy crisis, many countries have looked for alternative, energy sources tomake them independent of other countries' fossil fuels. Examples of alternative energysources include such t hing as solar power, the harnessing of wind, and the wind and waves,tides an d also the production of biogas. Biogas is methane which is produced from hu man andanimal waste. A particularly interesting possibility for many developin g countries has been the conversion of plant material to alcohol. This is inte resting because in many developingcountries, there is a large agricultural sect or and at the same time a small industrial sector. Andthus the possibility of us ing the agricultural sector to, to produce fuel is of interest to thosecountries. Scientific research is going on in the production of alcohol, for example, from sugar. And thereare two economic reasons for this. First of all, the world pric e of sugar has fallen dramatically, orthe world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade, which has caused theproblem for those econo mics which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives theman alter native possibility for using their sugar. And secondly, sugar is the most effici entsource of alcohol. Therefore, it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling alcohol fromit.In addition to sugar, there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol. Forexample, in tropical countries, such plants as the cassava plantand the sweet potato are goodsources from which alcohol can be made. And in non-tropical countries, you have such thingsas corn and sugar beet. Now there is a problem arising from the fact that alcohol can bedistilled from star chy plants and that is, that many poor countries use precisely these starchypl ants, or these starch-rich crops for their food as a staple diet. So in many suc h countries,there is ... there is a conflict, if you like, between the choices wh ether to produce these cropsfor fuel, or to produce these crops for food and for their use, as their staple diet.It is in fact an economic problem rather than a technical problem as the poor farmers will tend to choose that which is more profitable. Indeed it is an eco nomic problem, not, not necessarilya technological problem. The technology f or the conversion of alcohol from starchy plants hasbeen in existence for ov er 40 years. And there are two ways of using alcohol as car fuel. Onesuch wa y is in the form of pure alcohol, and an example of this is in Brazil in a projec t calledthe Pro-Alcohol Project. And in Brazil cars are being produced to run o n pure alcohol. A seconduse of alcohol as a car fuel is in a mixture of petrol, or with gasoline. In a mixture with gasoline, this produces a mixture called "gasohol". In Germany for example, they have anexperiment in which there, t here is such a mixture of 85% petrol or 85% gas,85% gasoline and 15% methanol. So if technology and conversion of engine s are not a problem, then reallyit is a question of economics, and there are th ree main factors, which ...参考答案PART ISection A 1—5 DCABDSection B 6—10 BDCCBSection C 11—15 BDBDCSection D1．Three／3 2．Historical 3．plant 4．Sugar5．fall／drop／decrease／reduction6．production／distilling／distillation／conversion7．potato 8．corn 9．profitable 10．Brazil。

专业英语八级考试训练题及答案

专业英语八级考试训练题及答案专业英语八级考试训练题及答案聪明的'人有长的耳朵和短的舌头。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级考试训练题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Ismail Kadare, who was rewarded the Man Booker __1__international Prize for literature this year, is the first Alabanian writer to be taken notice in nearly 80 years. His classic novel, __2__The General of the Dead Army, is a meditation on the consequences of war, a hugely moved account of the meaning of duty and the __3__tragedy that blind obedience entails.It is early 1960s, nearly 20 years as the Second World War __4__ended. An Italian General, accompanied with a sinister priest __5__who is also Italian army colonel, is sent to Alabania to locate __6__ and collect the bones of his countrymen who had died during the War and return them for burial in their native land. They are armed with maps, lists, and other important informations such as __7__measurements, dental and other records of the missing personnel.The team tours the countryside, organizing digs and disinterment and, as they try to find the dead sons of forgotten families, they wonder at the sense and scale of their task. The General constantly talks to the priest who is accompanying them the futility of __8__war and the sheer meaningless of the whole enterprise.As they go deeper into the Alabanian countryside they find their footsteps follow, sometimes anticipated, by a fellow General __9__who is also looking for bodies—the bodies of German countrymen.Like this Italian counterpart, the German too struggles in the remote countryside, against the cold and rain and the hostile terrain. It is a thankless job looking for the remains of dead“souls” merely to take them back home for a decent burial. Is it worthy the exercise? Isn’t __10__this a mistaken sense of national honor?答案：1. rewarded—awardedaward是“颁发;授予”之意，而reward做动词讲时是“给……报酬或者奖赏”2. ^in—oftake notice of 给固定搭配，不可省略3. moved—moving动人的，用moving4. as—since“自从……起”应该用since5.with—bybe accompanied by “由……陪伴”为固定搭配6.^Italian—ancolonel 是可数名词单数，又在Italian之前，所以应该加上不定冠词an7. informations—information8.them^--abouttalk about意思是谈论，为固定搭配9.follow—followed这里应该用过去分词，表被动10. worthy—worthworth 是“值;相等于……”而worthy和of 连用是“值得……的;足以……的”之意【专业英语八级考试训练题及答案】。