2021年主动句变被动句

主动句变被动句
欧阳光明（2021.03.07）
被动语态由“be+done”构成。

不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤：
a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

b.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋done) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的
人称和数以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。

c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以
省略。

例如：
1. We speak Chinese. →Chinese is spoken by us.
2. All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.
3. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。

例如：
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主
语)
→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birt hday. (直接宾语作了主语)
常跟双宾语的动词有：give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb.
send sb. sth. / send sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.
pass sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb. make sb. sth. / make sth. for sb.
get sb. sth. / get sth. for sb. sing sb. sth. / sing sth. for sb.
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋done”构成，例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They shoul d do it at once.→It should be done at once.
含有感官动词的主动句变被动句时，原来不带to的感官动词变成被动语态后，to仍要还原，例如： He saw a girl play in the next room. →The girl is seen to play by him in the next room.
We hear our teacher sing in the office. → Our teacher is heard to sing in the office.
练习: 将下列句子变为被动语态：
1. We often sing this song.
_____________________________________________________________
2. He broke his leg in the match.
______________________________________________________________ 3. She will sell her house soon.
______________________________________________________________ 4. He is repairing the machine.
______________________________________________________________ 5. He has finished his work.
______________________________________________________________ 6. We call him Lao Wang.
_____________________________________________________________ 7. We must do something to help her.
_____________________________________________________________ 8. What did you say at the meeting?
_____________________________________________________________ 9. He gave me some old magazines.
______________________________________________________________ 10. He told me to wait at the gate.
______________________________________________________________。