Assessing Other Environmental Conditions
适应环境 英语作文
Adapting to a new environment can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. Whether its moving to a new city,starting a new job,or even just adjusting to a new school year,the process of adapting involves several key steps and strategies.Understanding the Importance of AdaptabilityAdaptability is a crucial skill in todays fastpaced world.It allows individuals to thrive in various situations,whether personal or professional.Being adaptable means being open to change and ready to learn new ways of doing things.Assessing the New EnvironmentThe first step in adapting to a new environment is to understand it.This involves assessing the cultural,social,and professional norms that are prevalent.For instance,if youre moving to a new country,its important to learn about its customs,language,and social etiquette.Setting Realistic ExpectationsIts essential to set realistic expectations when adapting to a new environment.Its normal to feel overwhelmed at first,but understanding that adaptation takes time can help alleviate stress.Be patient with yourself and recognize that its okay to make mistakes as you learn.Building a Support NetworkHaving a support network is vital when adapting to a new environment.This could include friends,family,or colleagues who can offer advice,encouragement,and companionship.Joining clubs or social groups can also be a great way to meet new people and form connections.Learning the LanguageIf youre moving to a place where a different language is spoken,learning the language is a significant step in adapting.Even basic conversational skills can go a long way in helping you feel more comfortable and integrated into the community.Embracing the CultureCultural immersion is a powerful way to adapt to a new environment.This can involvetrying new foods,participating in local festivals,or learning about the history and traditions of the area.Embracing the culture can help you feel more connected and at home.Staying PositiveMaintaining a positive attitude is key when adapting to new surroundings.Its easy to focus on the challenges,but remembering the reasons for the change and the opportunities it presents can help keep your spirits up.Seeking Help When NeededIf youre struggling to adapt,dont hesitate to seek help.This could be from a professional, such as a counselor or a mentor,or from peers who have gone through similar experiences.Theres no shame in asking for assistance when you need it.Reflecting on ProgressRegularly reflecting on your progress can help you stay motivated and recognize your achievements.Its important to celebrate small victories and use them as stepping stones to further adaptation.Continuing to Learn and GrowAdaptation is an ongoing process.Even after youve settled into a new environment,there will always be new things to learn and experiences to have.Continuing to learn and grow is part of what makes adaptation such a rewarding journey.In conclusion,adapting to a new environment is about more than just surviving its about thriving.By understanding the importance of adaptability,assessing your new surroundings,setting realistic expectations,building a support network,learning the language,embracing the culture,staying positive,seeking help when needed,reflecting on your progress,and continuing to learn and grow,you can successfully navigate the challenges of adapting to a new environment.。
condition单复数用法
Condition单复数用法一、Condition的基本含义和用法Condition是一个名词，意为“状况”、“情况”或“状态”。
它常常用于描述某种特定的状态或情形。
在英语中，Condition的单复数用法是有规律可循的，下面将详细讨论其单复数形式的规则及例子。
1. 在肯定句中的用法•Condition的单数形式是Condition，例如：–The patient’s condition is stable.–They need to assess the condition of the building before making a decision.2. 在否定句中的用法•Condition的复数形式是Conditions，例如：–The patients’ conditions are critical.–They can’t make a decision without considering all the relevant conditions.3. 在疑问句中的用法•Condition的单数形式是Condition，例如：–What is the condition of the car?–How is the patient’s condition?4. Condition作为定语的用法•Condition作为定语时，其形式取决于所修饰名词的单复数。
如果被修饰的名词是单数形式，则用Condition；如果被修饰的名词是复数形式，则用Conditions，例如：–The doctor is assessing the patient’s condition.–The engineers are studying the environmental conditions.二、Condition单复数用法的注意事项1. 注意上下文语境根据语境和所表达的具体含义，决定使用Condition的单数形式还是复数形式。
ISO14001环保法律与其他要求程序(中英文)
ISO14001环保法律与其他要求程序Legal and Other Requirements Procedure1. Purpose目的This document is to identify, acquire and update the environmental legal and other requirements, and provide basis for company’s environmental management.为识别和获取环境管理所适用的法律、法规及其它要求并及时更新，为公司环境管理提供依据。
2. Scope范围This procedure applies to the identification, assessment and updating of environmental legal and other requirements among all activities, products or service in DXC. 适用于本公司在环境管理的活动、产品和服务所涉及的法律、法规及其它要求的识别、获取和更新。
3. Definition 定义Nil 无4. Reference 参考文件Document and Data Control Procedure文件与资料控制程序5. Responsibility职责5.1 EHS department is responsible for acquiring，assessing and updatingenvironmental legal and other requirements. EHS负责法律、法规及其它要求的获取和识别、更新.5.2 DCC is responsible for distributing the environmental legal and otherrequirements to related departments. 文控中心负责把相关法律法规发放到相关部门。
学术英语(一)unit 6 重点词汇
Discuss the words’ meaning
4. incorporate: to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc.
We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features into the design of the building.
e.g. The immune system is our body's shield against infection. (免疫系统是我们的身体防范感染的保护层。)
编辑ppt
Discuss the words’ meaning
3.
treatment :
something that is done to cure somebody who is injured or ill
(Kim否认指责乡村音乐过度多愁善感的说法。)
Collocation：
make an accusation （against） face an accusation
deny an accusation
false accusations (of,that)
wild accusations
编辑ppt
Discuss the words’ meaning
Discuss the words’ meaning
5. guideline : rules or instructions about the best way to do sth. Most of us are familiar with the food pyramid, the government's guidelines for healthful eating.
资产评估基本准则英文
资产评估基本准则英文Asset Valuation Basic GuidelinesAsset valuation is the process of determining the economic value of an asset. It involves assessing various factors such as the asset's physical condition, market demand, legal and regulatory environment, as well as any relevant economic factors. The following are some basic guidelines for conducting asset valuation: 1. Objectivity:Asset valuation should be conducted by independent professionals who have no personal interest in the outcome. This ensures objectivity and minimizes bias in the valuation process. Independent valuation experts should be knowledgeable and experienced in the valuation methods applicable to the specific asset class.2. Use of Appropriate Valuation Methods:Different valuation methods may be used depending on the nature of the asset being valued. Common valuation methods include market approach, income approach, and cost approach. The market approach relies on comparable transactions in the market to estimate the asset's value. The income approach uses the expected future income generated by the asset to determine its value. The cost approach calculates the asset's value based on the cost to replace it.3. Consideration of Relevant Factors:In addition to the chosen valuation method, other relevant factors specific to the asset being valued should also be taken intoconsideration. For example, for real estate, factors such as location, condition, and zoning regulations may impact its value. For financial assets, factors such as interest rates, market conditions, and regulations may be important.4. Documentation:It is crucial to document all relevant information and assumptions used in the valuation process. This includes details about the asset, the chosen valuation method, data sources, and any adjustments or assumptions made during the analysis. Proper documentation ensures transparency and allows for a better understanding of the valuation results.5. Compliance with Applicable Standards and Regulations: Valuations should be conducted in compliance with relevant accounting, legal, and regulatory standards. These standards may vary depending on the jurisdiction or industry. Compliance ensures that the valuation is reliable, consistent, and comparable.6. Incorporation of Professional Judgment:While using standardized valuation methods is important, professional judgment is also necessary. Valuations often require making assumptions and estimates based on the available information. Professional judgment helps in applying the chosen method appropriately, considering uncertainties, and interpreting the results. However, professional judgment should be backed by reasonable justification and documented accordingly.7. Continuous Monitoring and Review:Assets' values may change over time due to various external andinternal factors. It is recommended to regularly review and monitor the assets' values, especially for long-term assets. This ensures that the valuations remain up to date and aligned with the market and economic conditions.In conclusion, asset valuation follows certain basic guidelines to ensure objectivity, accuracy, and compliance with applicable standards. These guidelines include using appropriate valuation methods, considering relevant factors, documenting the valuation process, complying with standards and regulations, incorporating professional judgment, and continuous monitoring and review. Following these guidelines contributes to reliable and transparent asset valuation.。
江苏省泰州中学、宿迁中学、宜兴中学2023-2024学年高三上学期12月调研测试英语试卷
江苏省泰州中学、宿迁中学、宜兴中学2023-2024学年高三上学期12月调研测试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择Of Special Interest to FreshmanFreshman SeminarsFreshman Seminars are small classes just for freshmen, with some of York’s most distinguished teachers. Some seminars provide an introduction to a particular field of study; others take an interdisciplinary (跨学科的) approach to a variety of topics. All seminars provide a friendly environment for developing relationships with teachers and other students.STARSSTARS (Science, Technology, and Research Scholars) provides undergraduates of every year with an opportunity to combine research and course-based study. The program offers research opportunities and support to students historically disadvantaged in the fields of natural science and quantitative reasoning, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the physically challenged. More than 100 students each year participate in STARS, during the academic year or over the summer months.Academic AdvisingAcademic Advising is a collective effort by the residential colleges, academic departments and various offices connected to York University Dean’s (院长的) office. Students’ primary academic advisors are their residential college deans, to whom they may always turn for academic and personal advice. The deans live in residential colleges and supervise the advising networks in the college. Each academic department has a director of undergraduate studies (DUS) who can discuss with students the department’s course offerings and requirements for majors.Perspectives on Science and EngineeringPerspectives on Science and Engineering is a lecture and discussion course for about 75 selected freshmen who have exceptionally strong backgrounds in science or mathematics. The yearlong course explores a broad range of topics, exposes students to questions at the frontiers of science, and connects the first-year students to York’s Scientific Community. 1．An African female freshman seeking opportunities of research is most likely to choose__________.A．Academic Advising B．Freshman SeminarsC．Perspectives on Science and Engineering D．STARS2．Which of the following is TRUE about the residential colleges?A．Directors of academic departments live with students there.B．The college deans serve as the central figures in an advising network.C．Directors of undergraduate studies of most majors work together there.D．The college deans engage in scientific research with selected freshmen.3．Which freshman may have priority to attend Perspectives on Science and Engineering?A．A medalist of the International Mathematical Olympiad.B．The one who has already got a novel published.C．The one who has designed an original engineering project.D．An applicant for York’s Scientific Community.Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人), set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a.m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.At 11: 30 a. m., the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition ofall mountaineers.”Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”4．What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition?A．His undisputed reputation.B．His previous training on Mount Everest.C．His remarkable physical condition.D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.5．What does the Hillary Step refer to?A．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered.B．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow.C．A mistake Hillary avoided making.D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped. 6．What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest?A．Overwhelming joy.B．A touch of astonishment.C．Complete disbelief.D．Enormous pride.7．What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering?A．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.B．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.C．It enabled him to give back to his hometown.D．It opens up possibilities for other climbers.Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. “This is becoming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods, a company that is building the first commercial-scale factory that will be able to make food directly from CO2.There can be no doubt that immediate attention to find greener ways to grow food is required. Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy intousable biomass (生物量).Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气). The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein.Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods. “We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced proteins, which we think have the highest environmental impact,” says Vainikka.Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times less land and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won’t be affected by weather conditions.“With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up their systems, this is truly beginning a new era of agriculture,” says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. “I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security.”8．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning conventional agriculture in paragraph 2?A．To demonstrate its influence on crops.B．To compare different farming methods.C．To highlight the urgent need for alternatives.D．To provide an example ofagricultural types.9．What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 concerning Solein?A．Its production process.B．Its storage condition.C．Its ingredient materials.D．Its investment potential.10．All of the following are the features of Solein except __________.A．it is protein-rich B．its production is weather sensitiveC．it is resource-efficient D．its production is location-independent 11．Which statement would Dorian Leger probably agree with?A．The use of Solein may help reduce carbon emissions.B．Solein will dominate the agricultural development.C．Solein can help achieve global food safety.D．The prospect of Solein remains to be seen.Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation.”When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude,” said Brucks, “so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person.”Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.12．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．challenge.B．revise.C．strengthen.D．shake.13．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that _________.A．Creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts.B．The feedback from companies seems questionable.C．Participants should make eye contact in an online meeting.D．Videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communication.14．What can we learn about Brucks’ students?A．They progressed in focusing attention.B．They relieved anxiety by speaking up.C．They displayed talent for public speaking.D．They took advantage of virtual learning.15．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity B．Interacting In Person Boosts Efficiency C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Maintaining Teamwork Improves InnovationFor most, the first thing that likely comes to mind when thinking about vitamin C isHere are the primary benefits of vitamin C when applied topically to the skin.It protects skin cells from environmental damage. Vitamin C’s main function in skin is that of a powerful antioxidant, protecting us from cell damage caused by free radicals (自由基). “ 17 ,” Dr. Mack explains, and they are highly reactive. Vitamin C destroys these free radicals by donating electrons, preventing them from damaging skin.18 . Vitamin C is also one of the gold standards for evening skin tone and boosting radiance. “Vitamin C is a well-known skin brightener, preventing melanin production and eventually fading dark spots, resulting in a better skin tone,” Dr. Mack explains.It firms skin and promotes collagen (胶原蛋白) production. Our skin is made of collagen and elastin, which are proteins that give it structure and flexibility. 19 . “Daily application of vitamin C helps to maintain the completeness of the collagen that we have, prevents rapid breakdown with age and promotes collagen production,” Dr. Mack says.It works with other antioxidants for enhancing UV (紫外线) protection. 20 . A study in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology showed that the combination of vitamin C and E not only offered improved stability of vitamins C and E, but also improved skin’s UVprotection.A．It brightens skinB．It helps lower the risk of heart disease and depressionC．Vitamin C works cooperatively with vitamin E to reduce UV damage in skinD．Free radicals are produced by the body when exposed to radiation in sunlightE．But this popular vitamin has several benefits for skin when applied topically, tooF．Free radicals are believed to be related to heart disease, cancer and the ageing process G．As we age, the production of these proteins decreases and our skin looks and feels less firm二、完形填空Learning to ask for what I needed was the win I hadn’t initially set my sights on, but 35 wanting the most.21．A．completely B．temporarily C．roughly D．highly 22．A．return B．relearn C．recollect D．recycle 23．A．insurance B．attendance C．assistance D．avoidance 24．A．grateful B．forgetful C．regretful D．powerful 25．A．sensibility B．possibility C．essence D．weight 26．A．forced B．accomplished C．started D．abandoned 27．A．extraordinary B．usual C．plain D．similar 28．A．stuck B．beat C．confused D．hurt 29．A．substitute B．suit C．jewelry D．invention 30．A．abusing B．using C．recording D．struggling 31．A．help B．sorrow C．strategies D．actions 32．A．more than B．other than C．less than D．rather than 33．A．incident B．tradition C．attraction D．difference 34．A．disorder B．disbelief C．disadvantage D．disability 35．A．sent up B．ended up C．tore up D．looked up三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2023北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读理解C篇
2023北京高三一模英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2023·北京东城·统考一模）Many people have participated into lots of virtual meetings these years. Some research shows this adjustment might not impact workplace productivity to any great degree. A new study, though, suggests otherwise.In the study, 602 participants were randomly paired and asked to come up with creative uses for a product. They were also randomly selected to work together either in person or virtually. The pairs were then ranked by assessing their total number of ideas, as well as those concepts’ degree of novelty, and asked to submit their best idea. Among the groups, virtual pairs came up with significantly fewer ideas, suggesting that something about face-to-face interaction generates more creative ideas. The findings could stiffen employers’ resolve to urge or require their employees to come back to the office.“We ran this experiment based on feedback from companies that it was harder to innovate with remote workers,” said lead researcher Melanie Brucks. “Unlike other forms of virtual communication, like phone calls or e-mail, videoconferencing copies the in-person experience quite well, so I was surprised when we found meaningful differences between in-person and video interaction for idea generation. ”When random objects were placed in both the virtual and physical rooms, the virtual pairs of participants spent more time looking directly at each other rather than letting their look wander about the room and taking in the entire scene. Eyeing one’s whole environment and noticing the random objects were associated with increased idea generation. On platforms, the screen occupies our interactions. Our look wavers less. “Looking away might come across as rude, ” said Brucks,“so we have to look at the screen because that is the defined context of the interaction, the same way we wouldn’t walk to another room while talking to someone in person. ”Like most educators, Brucks has primarily taught virtually in the past three years, and she did notice some benefits of the approach as well. Her students were more likely to take turns speaking and her shyer students spoke up more often, rid of the anxiety that comes from addressing a large classroom. Brucks found that one solution to improving virtual idea generation might be to simply turn off the camera, for her students felt “freer” and more creative when asked to do so. And this may be sound advice for the workplace.Virtual teamwork can’t replace face-to-face teamwork. Idea selection proficiency (能力) is only valuable if you have strong options to select from, and face-to-face teams are the best means to generate winning options. Perhaps the workplace will find a compromise—a sweet spot in the middle that balances working from both home and office.1．What does the underlined word “stiffen” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A．Shake.B．Revise.C．Challenge.D．Strengthen.2．At first, lead researcher Melanie Brucks might think that ________.A．videoconferencing can’t compare with in-person communicationB．participants should make eye contact in an online meetingC．the feedback from companies seems questionableD．creative ideas may emerge from casual thoughts3．What can we learn about Brucks’ class?A．Her students relieved anxiety by speaking up.B．Her students progressed in focusing attention.C．Her students took advantage of virtual learning.D．Her students displayed talent for public speaking. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Interacting Virtually Impacts Working Participation B．Maintaining Teamwork Improves Idea Generation C．Grouping Randomly Increases Productivity D．Brainstorming Online Limits Creativity （2023·北京西城·统考一模）Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don’t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.5．According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected toA．flag cancer and determine the treatmentB．detect cancer signals from a sample of bloodC．take images of tumors and prevent potential cancersD．show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins6．What can we learn from the passage?A．Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B．Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C．Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D．Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.7．The author is mostly concerned about whether .A．liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can’t findB．liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC．liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD．liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）To a chef, the sounds of lip smacking, slurping and sallwing are the highest form of fltery (恭维). But to someone with a certain type of misophonia (恐音症), these same sounds can be torturous. Brain scans are now helping scientists start to understand why.People with misophonia experience strong discomfort, annoyance or disgust when they hear particular triggers. These can include chewing, swallowing, slurping, throat clearing, coughing and even audible breathing. Researchers previously thought this reaction might be caused by the brain overactively processing certain sounds. Now, however, a new study published in Journal of Neuroscience has linked some forms of misophonia to heightened “mirroring” behavior in the brain: those affected feel distress while their brains act as if they were imitating the triggering mouth movements."This is the first breakthrough in misophonia research in 25 years, " says psychologist Jennifer J. Brout, who directs the International Misophonia Research Network and was not involved in the new study.The research team, led by Newcastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar, analyzed brain activity in people with and without misophonia when they were at rest and while they listened to sounds. These included misophonia triggers (such as chewing), generally unpleasant sounds (like a crying baby), and neutral sounds. The brain's auditory (听觉的) cortex, which processes sound, reacted similarly in subjects with and without misophonia. But in both the resting state and listening trials, people with misophonia showed stronger connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions that control movements of the face, mouth and throat, while the controlled group didn't. Kumar found this connection became most active in participants with misophonia when they heard triggers specific to the condition.“Just by listening to the sound, they activate the motor cortex more strongly. So in a way it was as if they were doing the action themselves,” Kumar says. Some mirroring is typical in most humans when witnessing others' actions; the researchers do not yet know why an excessive (过分的) mirroring response might cause such a negative reaction, and hope to address that in future research. “Possibilities include a sense of loss of control, invasion of personal space, or interference with current goals and actions, " the study authors write.Fatima Husain, an llinois University professor of speech and hearing science, who was not involved in the study, says potential misophonia therapies could build on the new findings by counseling patients about handling unconscious motor responses to triggering sounds- not just coping with the sounds themselves. If this works, sheadds, one should expect to see reduced connected activity between the auditory and motor cortices.8. It can be learnt from the new study that .A. misophonia sufferers can't help imitating the triggersB. people with misophonia are more likely to flatter chefsC. the brains of people with misophonia overreact to sounds stronglyD. misophonia sufferers tend to have similar annoying activities in their brains9. Compared with people without misophonia, people with misophonia .A. suffer less severely at the resting stateB. own markedly different brain structuresC. react more negatively at a mirroring responseD. lose control of their facial movements easily10. What might be the significance of the study?A. Improving speech and hearing science.B. Developing a treatment for misophonia.C. Drawing people's attention to misophonia.D. Promoting human brain structure research.（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Clown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherous journey. After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a “wall of mouths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fish’s sense of smell.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor (气味), they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldn’t recognize the meaning of them.It is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reef’s northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean acidification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum, confusion could place yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising watertemperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fish’s minds.11．What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Risky.B．Hurried.C．Mysterious.D．Helpless.12．What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A．They lost their senses to chemical signals.B．They were less likely to respond to threats.C．Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D．They tended to seek the protection from their home.13．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The author’s study confirms previous findings.B．Fish’s adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C．Different fishes behave differently to acidity change.D．The chances of restoring fish’s minds are yet to be seen.14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B．What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C．How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D．How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.15．Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parks in Paragraph 2?A．To prove that culture does exist in animals.B．To justify the uniqueness of the research method.C．To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.D．To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.16．What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Advanced.B．Inborn.C．Adaptive.D．Intelligent.17．What can we learn from the passage?A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.B．Culure in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.C．Animals don’t have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build on past experiences.（2023·北京石景山·Recently, a new discovery has been made in the field of biology that challenges our previous understanding of the origins of life on Earth. For decades, scientists believed that life emerged in a warm, shallow pond, where a series of chemical reactions led to the creation of the first living cells. However, a team of researchers has now uncovered evidence that suggests life may have actually begun in a quite different environment.The discovery was made in a remote part of the ocean, where a team of scientists was exploring a hydrothermal vent (深海热泉) system located deep beneath the surface. Hydrothermal vents release superheated water and gases from the Earth’s mantle (地幔). They create an extreme environment that is unfavourable to most forms of life, but home to a variety of unique organisms.As the scientists collected samples of the vent’s mineral-rich liquid, they noticed something strange. They discovered that it contained a complex network of organic molecules (分子), including amino acids (氨基酸) and other building blocks of life. This was surprising, as hydrothermal vents were previously thought to be empty of life-supporting chemicals. However, the most striking discovery was yet to come. Analysis of the organic molecules revealed that they were not simply the product of chemical reactions in the vent, but rather had been produced by living organisms. This served as evidence of a lively ecosystem that was completely independent of sunlight and the surface world.This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of life on Earth. The warmpond hypothesis (假说), which has long been the dominant theory, suggests that life emerged in a relatively warm and damp environment. However, the new evidence from the hydrothermal vent system suggests that life may have actually begun in an extreme environment, where survival was only possible through the development of original biochemical pathways. The discovery also raises new questions about the potential for life to exist on other celestial bodies (天体). Hydrothermal vents have been identified on Saturn’s moon Enceladus and Jupiter’s moon Europa. The presence of organic molecules at these sites suggests that unique forms of life may exist.While this discovery is still in its early stages, it is already beginning to reshape our understanding of the origins of life and the potential for life on other planets. It is a testament to the power of scientific exploration and the incredible complexity of life on Earth. As we continue to explore the depths of the ocean and the vast expanse of space, who knows what other surprises and discoveries lie in store.18．What did the scientists newly discover in the vent’s liquid?A．Superheated gases.B．A variety of minerals.C．Life-supporting chemicals.D．Complex forms of life.19．What can we learn from the passage?A．The warm pond hypothesis proves to be right.B．Organic molecules lead to chemical reactions.C．Forms of life were identified in the vents on other planets.D．Original biochemical pathways can occur in severe conditions.20．What is conveyed in the last paragraph?A．Researches help us push the boundaries of technology.B．Scientists have addressed the limitations of the research.C．D．Researchers have confirmed the origins and complexity of life.（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all kinds of marine animals.New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water, counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600 miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting, sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.21．What can we learn from this passage?A．Sea grass forests can lower pH levels of coastal waters.B．Shellfish and corals are not affected by ocean acidification.C．Sea grass meadows can help remove pollutants from the sea water.D．The effects of higher pH on marine organisms were investigated in this study.22．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Relieve.B．Present.C．Cause.D．Predict.23．Paragraph 7 tells us the research ________.A．findings B．process C．questions D．reflection24．Why does the author write this passage?A．To illustrate the serious situation of climate change.B．To present the living conditions of the underwater meadows.C．To emphasize the importance of research on marine pollution.D．To introduce a natural way to solve the problem of ocean acidification.（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.25．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.A．highlight the problem B．predict the endingC．express an opinion D．provide a solution26．What does Fricke conclude from the study?A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.27．Which would be the best title of the passage?A．The Resilience of EcosystemsB．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing AnimalsC．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under ThreatD．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected。
环境监控 英语
环境监控英语Environmental monitoring is the process of observing, measuring, and controlling the condition of the environment. It is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of ecosystems, wildlife, and human populations. There are various methods and technologies used in environmental monitoring, including air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring, and soil monitoring. These methods help to identify and mitigate environmental pollution, climate change, and other harmful impacts on the environment.Air quality monitoring involves the measurement of air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. This is typically done usingair quality sensors and monitoring stations located inurban and industrial areas. The data collected from these monitoring stations is used to assess air quality and to develop strategies for air pollution control and public health protection.Water quality monitoring is essential for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the safety of drinking water. It involves the measurement of parameterssuch as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and the presence of pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides. Monitoring water quality helps to identify sources of pollution and to implement measures for water treatment and purification.Soil monitoring is important for assessing soil health and fertility, as well as for detecting soil contamination. It involves the measurement of soil pH, nutrient levels, and the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. Monitoring soil quality is essentialfor sustainable agriculture, land use planning, and remediation of contaminated sites.In addition to these specific monitoring methods, remote sensing technologies such as satellite imagery and drones are also used for environmental monitoring. These technologies provide valuable data for monitoring changesin land use, deforestation, and natural disasters such as wildfires and floods.Environmental monitoring plays a crucial role in environmental management and policy-making. It provides the necessary data and information for assessing the state ofthe environment, identifying environmental risks, and developing effective strategies for environmentalprotection and conservation.环境监控是观察、测量和控制环境条件的过程。
你是如何搜救的英文作文
你是如何搜救的英文作文Title: Search and Rescue Operations: A Comprehensive Approach。
Search and rescue operations are critical endeavors aimed at locating and aiding individuals in distress or missing persons. These operations involve meticulous planning, coordination, and execution to ensure the safety and well-being of those in need. In this essay, we will delve into the essential components of search and rescue operations, highlighting the strategies, techniques, and challenges involved.First and foremost, effective search and rescue operations begin with thorough planning. This phase involves gathering pertinent information about the missing individual, including their last known location, physical description, medical conditions (if any), and any other relevant details. Additionally, assessing environmental factors such as terrain, weather conditions, and time ofday is crucial in determining the scope and approach of the operation.Once the planning phase is complete, the next step is to mobilize resources and personnel for the search and rescue mission. This often entails deploying trained search teams equipped with specialized tools and equipment, including GPS devices, drones, K9 units, and medical supplies. Moreover, coordination with local authorities, emergency services, and volunteer organizations isessential to ensure a concerted and efficient effort.During the search phase, search teams employ various techniques and strategies to cover the designated area thoroughly. Grid searches, line searches, and aerial reconnaissance are common methods used to systematically comb through the terrain and locate the missing individual. Furthermore, utilizing technology such as thermal imaging cameras and satellite imagery can significantly enhance search efforts, especially in challenging environments or adverse weather conditions.As the search progresses, communication andcoordination among search teams are paramount. Establishing clear channels of communication and utilizing technology such as two-way radios or mobile applications facilitatereal-time updates, resource allocation, and decision-making. Additionally, maintaining contact with the missingindividual's family or loved ones provides emotionalsupport and valuable insights that may aid in the search process.Despite meticulous planning and concerted efforts, search and rescue operations often present numerous challenges and uncertainties. Unpredictable weather patterns, rugged terrain, and limited visibility can impede progress and prolong the search duration. Moreover, the psychological toll on search teams and the emotional strain on families awaiting news of their loved ones underscorethe urgency and importance of swift and effective action.In the event of locating the missing individual, the rescue phase begins, focusing on providing immediatemedical attention and ensuring their safe extraction fromthe area. Trained medical personnel assess the individual's condition and administer first aid as necessary, while specialized rescue teams execute extrication procedures, such as rope rescue or helicopter evacuation, depending on the circumstances.In conclusion, search and rescue operations are complex endeavors that demand meticulous planning, coordination, and execution. By leveraging a combination of technology, expertise, and teamwork, search teams can maximize their effectiveness in locating and rescuing individuals in distress. However, it is essential to recognize the inherent challenges and uncertainties associated with such operations and remain resilient and adaptive in the face of adversity. Ultimately, the overarching goal of search and rescue efforts is to save lives and bring hope to those in need.。
环境事故应急预案英语
Environmental accidents can occur due to natural disasters, industrial accidents, or human errors, resulting in severe damage to the environment and public health. To ensure a timely and effective response to such incidents, this emergency response plan outlines the necessary steps to be taken by relevant authorities and organizations. The plan aims to minimize the impact of environmental accidents and facilitate a swift recovery of the affected areas.II. Objectives1. To ensure the safety and health of the public, workers, and emergency responders.2. To mitigate the environmental damage caused by the accident.3. To restore the affected areas to their original condition as soon as possible.4. To enhance the cooperation and coordination among different departments and organizations during the emergency response.III. Responsibilities1. The government: The government is responsible for coordinating the overall emergency response efforts and providing necessary resources and support.2. The environmental protection department: This department is responsible for assessing the environmental impact of the accident, conducting investigations, and enforcing relevant regulations.3. The fire and rescue department: This department is responsible for extinguishing fires, rescuing victims, and providing medical assistance.4. The police department: This department is responsible for maintaining public order and ensuring the safety of the affected area.5. The local community: The local community should cooperate with the authorities and follow their instructions during the emergency response.1. Detection and reporting: Any individual or organization discovering an environmental accident should immediately report it to the relevant authorities.2. Initial assessment: The authorities will conduct an initial assessment of the situation to determine the severity of the accident and the necessary emergency response measures.3. Emergency response: Once the accident is confirmed, the emergency response team will be activated, including personnel from the fire and rescue department, environmental protection department, and other relevant agencies.4. Containment and control: The emergency response team will work to contain the accident and prevent further damage. This may involve isolating the affected area, controlling the spread of hazardous materials, and providing emergency assistance to affected individuals and animals.5. Environmental assessment: The environmental protection department will conduct a thorough assessment of the accident's environmental impact, including soil, air, and water contamination.6. Public communication: The authorities will provide timely updates to the public regarding the accident and the emergency response efforts. This includes issuing warnings, providing information on the safety measures to be taken, and addressing any concerns raised by the public.7. Restoration and recovery: Once the emergency response is complete, efforts will be made to restore the affected area to its original condition, including cleaning up contaminated sites and rehabilitating wildlife.8. Post-accident investigation and analysis: A thorough investigation will be conducted to determine the cause of the accident, identify any lapses in safety protocols, and take necessary corrective actions to prevent future incidents.V. Training and drillsRegular training and drills should be conducted to ensure that all relevant personnel are familiar with the emergency response plan and can respond effectively to environmental accidents. This includes training for emergency responders, local community members, and other stakeholders.VI. ConclusionThe emergency response plan for environmental accidents is a comprehensive guide to ensure a coordinated and effective response to such incidents. By following this plan, we can minimize the damage caused by environmental accidents and work towards a safer and healthier environment for all.。
国六轻型车排气污染物中甲烷的不确定度评定
FRONTIER DISCUSSION | 前沿探讨国六轻型车排气污染物中甲烷的不确定度评定张凤鸣中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司天津分公司 天津市 300300摘 要： 本文介绍了汽车排气污染物中甲烷的生成机理，阐明了甲烷排放的危害和测量的必要性，在评定其不确定度的过程中，按GB18352.6-2016《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）》中Ⅰ型试验流程开展试验，对底盘测功机和稀释采样系统等设备、环境条件、标准物质、人为操作等可能会影响排放结果的因素进行了评估，计算排气污染物中甲烷的不确定度。
结果证明，在保证试验和标气质量的情况下，甲烷排气测量结果置信度是很高的。
关键词：轻型汽车 甲烷 不确定度1 研究背景随着环境保护日益成为人类发展的重要议题之一，中国、欧盟、美国等世界主要国家的排放标准都在逐步加严。
以中国为例，2020年正式实施的国六标准相比国五标准，各种污染物的限值平均下降了30%，降幅巨大。
排放标准对污染物控制种类的增加、限值的降低持续促进着机动车排放控制技术的提高，从而降低了机动车排气污染物的水平。
这也对排放实验室试验过程中排气污染物测量的准确度提出了更高要求。
本文以排气污染物中甲烷成分为例，按照GB18352.6-2016中Ⅰ型试验要求重复3次，经过计算得出了甲烷的测量不确定度，评价了试验结果的置信程度。
2 甲烷生成机理及其危害轻型汽油车的发动机在燃烧过程中，会因为缸内汽油液滴与空气混合不均、燃烧室壁面淬熄效应、狭隙效应等因素导致燃烧不完全从而产生甲烷。
此外，气缸壁上的润滑油膜在缸内压力高时吸附甲烷，在压力低时解吸，阻碍甲烷的后续氧化，并且甲烷因为化学性质稳定难以通过汽车排气后处理系统消除[1]，最终造成甲烷排放至大气中。
甲烷作为一种高效的温室气体，等质量的甲烷的吸热量是二氧化碳的21～23倍[2]，在大气中的寿命约为12年，其对温室效应的贡献率约占15%[3]。
它同CO2、N2O、HFCs等其他温室气体和气溶胶一道，打乱大气层辐射平衡、改变地表反射率从而造成温室效应。
国别环境尽调的英语
国别环境尽调的英语Country Environmental Due DiligenceCountry environmental due diligence refers to the process of assessing the environmental risks and opportunities associated with a particular country. This assessment is done to support decision-making in various sectors such as investment, trade, and development.The purpose of country environmental due diligence is to understand the environmental context of a country, including its environmental policies, regulations, and enforcement mechanisms. It also involves evaluating the country's environmental performance, including its progress towards sustainable development goals, and identifying potential environmental risks and opportunities that may affect investments or business operations.The process typically involves gathering and analyzing data on various environmental indicators such as air and water quality, waste management, biodiversity, climate change, and natural resource management. It also involves reviewing relevant environmental laws, regulations, and policies, as well as assessing the capacity of the government and local institutions to implement and enforce these measures.This information is then used to determine the potential environmental risks and opportunities associated with investing or operating in a particular country. It helps stakeholders assess the potential impacts of their activities on the environment, identifymeasures to mitigate negative impacts, and capitalize on opportunities to contribute to sustainable development.The findings of country environmental due diligence are often presented in a report, which includes an assessment of the environmental risks and opportunities, as well as recommendations for risk management and sustainability strategies.Overall, country environmental due diligence plays a crucial role in promoting environmentally responsible investments and sustainable development by helping stakeholders make informed decisions that take into account the environmental context of a country.。
化工反应装置的风险评估方法
化工反应装置的风险评估方法When assessing the risks associated with chemical reaction equipment, it is essential to consider various factors that could potentially lead to accidents or hazardous incidents. 对于化工反应设备的风险评估，需要考虑可能导致事故或危险事件的各种因素。
One important aspect to consider is the design and construction of the reaction vessel itself. Engineers and safety experts must carefully evaluate the materials used, the structural integrity, and the overall design to ensure that the equipment is capable of safely containing the reactions taking place within it. 另一个重要方面是考虑反应容器本身的设计和结构。
工程师和安全专家必须仔细评估所使用的材料、结构完整性和整体设计，以确保设备能够安全地容纳其中发生的反应。
In addition to the physical characteristics of the equipment, it is also crucial to assess the operating conditions and process parameters. This includes factors such as temperature, pressure, and the specific chemical reactions taking place, as well as any potential deviations or upsets that could occur during normal operation. 除了设备的物理特性外，还需要评估操作条件和工艺参数。
2024年环保入库指南
2024年环保入库指南英文回答：2024 Green Book Guidelines.Purpose:The "Green Book" Guidelines, issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), provide guidance for assessing the environmental impact of federal actions. The purpose of these guidelines is to promote sustainable decision-making by ensuring that environmental factors are considered early in the planning and decision-making process.Key Elements:Screening: Initial assessment to determine if an action may have significant environmental impacts.Scoping: Identification of the potential environmental issues that will be evaluated in the detailed analysis.Impact Assessment: Comprehensive analysis of the potential environmental impacts of the action, including mitigation measures.Updates for 2024:The EPA is currently developing updates to the Green Book Guidelines for release in 2024. These updates will include:Climate Change: Enhanced guidance for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts.Environmental Justice: Improved methods for evaluating the disproportionate impacts of environmental actions on underserved communities.Cumulative Impacts: New approaches for assessing the combined effects of multiple actions on the environment.Data and Tools: Updated guidance on using scientific data and tools to support environmental analysis.Significance Determination:The Green Book Guidelines establish criteria for determining whether an action has a significant environmental impact. Significant impacts are those that may cause substantial harm to the environment or pose a risk to human health. Factors considered include:Magnitude of the impact.Duration and frequency of the impact.Affected resources.Public interest.Mitigation Measures:The Green Book Guidelines emphasize the importance of mitigating the environmental impacts of federal actions. Mitigation measures can include:Avoiding impacts altogether.Minimizing impacts through design or operating practices.Compensating for unavoidable impacts.Consultation and Coordination:The Green Book Guidelines encourage agencies to consult with other stakeholders, including state and local governments, tribes, and the public, throughout the environmental review process. This ensures that all relevant viewpoints are considered.中文回答：2024年环保入库指南。
enf环保检测标准 -回复
enf环保检测标准-回复the importance and process of environmental testing standardsIntroduction:Environmental testing standards play a crucial role in evaluating the impact of human activities on the environment and ensuring the well-being of ecosystems. These standards provide a framework for assessing the quality of air, water, and soil, determining the presence of pollutants, and setting limits to protect both human health and the environment. In this article, we will delve into the significance of environmental testing standards and explore the step-by-step process involved in their development and implementation.Why are Environmental Testing Standards Important?Environmental testing standards serve as guidelines for measuring and assessing environmental quality. They offer a standardized approach that helps to ensure consistency and accuracy in testing procedures and results. Here are some key reasons why these standards are important:1. Protecting human health: Environmental testing standards enable the identification and measurement of contaminants that could pose risks to human health. By identifying and monitoring pollutants, regulators can set limits that protect individuals, communities, and future generations from harmful exposure.2. Safeguarding the environment: Environmental testing standards help to measure the impact of various human activities on the environment, such as industrial processes or waste disposal. Effective testing can help prevent pollution and ensure that ecosystems, including plant and animal life, are preserved.3. Establishing legal compliance: Many countries have laws and regulations in place to protect the environment. Environmental testing standards provide a basis for measuring compliance with these regulations, and they help to prevent and detect violations that may result in legal consequences.4. Supporting informed decision-making: Environmental testing standards provide reliable data for policymakers, scientists, and organizations to make informed decisions. These decisions mayinvolve policy development, resource allocation, or remediation efforts to address environmental issues effectively.The Process of Developing Environmental Testing Standards:1. Identification of needs: The development of environmental testing standards typically begins with the identification of a specific need, such as monitoring a specific pollutant or evaluating the impact of a particular industrial activity. Stakeholders, including government agencies, research institutions, and industry representatives, collaborate to identify the purpose and scope of the standard.2. Literature review: Extensive research is conducted to review relevant scientific literature, existing testing methods, and regulatory requirements. This helps to identify gaps in knowledge and determine the best approaches for achieving accurate and reliable results.3. Method selection: Based on the literature review, a suitable method for testing is selected. This involves considering factors such as sensitivity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, andpracticality. The method chosen should be robust and capable of detecting pollutants at concentrations that are relevant to the environment and human health.4. Method validation: To ensure the reliability of the selected testing method, validation studies are conducted. This involves conducting experiments using known standards and known concentrations of pollutants to assess the accuracy and precision of the method. The method is optimized and modified as necessary to meet the required performance criteria.5. Standard development: Once the testing method has been validated, it is documented in the form of a standard. The standard includes detailed instructions for sample collection, preparation, analysis, and quality control. It also includes information on performance criteria, reference materials, and reporting formats. The standard is reviewed and revised by experts in the field to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness.6. Implementation and dissemination: After the standard is finalized, it is implemented by regulatory bodies, testing laboratories, and other relevant stakeholders. Training programsmay be conducted to ensure that the standard is properly used and followed. The standard is widely disseminated through various channels, such as publications, conferences, and online platforms, to facilitate its adoption and understanding.Conclusion:Environmental testing standards are vital tools for assessing and monitoring the quality of our environment. They safeguard human health, protect ecosystems, ensure legal compliance, and support informed decision-making. The step-by-step process involved in their development and implementation ensures consistency, accuracy, and reliability in environmental testing. By adhering to these standards, we can better understand the impact of human activities on the environment and take effective measures to address environmental challenges.。
环境健康杯征文一等奖作文
环境健康杯征文一等奖作文英文回答：Environmental health is a critical aspect of public health that addresses the impact of the environment on human health and well-being. It encompasses identifying, assessing, and managing environmental hazards and risks to prevent adverse health outcomes and promote a healthyliving environment.Environmental health professionals play a vital role in protecting human health by collaborating with other disciplines, including medicine, toxicology, epidemiology, environmental science, and public policy. They evaluate environmental health hazards, assess risks, develop and implement interventions, and monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental health programs.Environmental health research is essential for informing decision-making and developing effectivestrategies for protecting human health from environmental hazards. Research focuses on identifying and understanding the health effects of environmental pollutants, assessing the risks associated with different exposures, and developing innovative solutions to reduce or eliminate environmental health threats.中文回答：环境健康是公共卫生中的一个重要方面，它涉及环境对人类健康和福祉的影响。
山水林田湖草沙验收流程
山水林田湖草沙验收流程The process of inspecting mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands is crucial in ensuring that these natural resources are properly managed and preserved. This verification process involves evaluating the condition of various ecological features and landscapes to ensure that they are in line with established standards and regulations. It also helps to identify any potential environmental issues or threats that may require action to mitigate or address.山水林田湖草沙验收流程是确保这些自然资源得到妥善管理和保护的重要环节。
这个验证过程涉及评估各种生态特征和景观的状况，以确保它们符合既定的标准和规定。
它还有助于识别可能需要行动来减轻或解决的潜在环境问题或威胁。
One of the key aspects of the verification process is to conduct on-site inspections of the mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands. This allows inspectors to directly observe the condition of these natural resources and determine whether any deviations from the established standards exist. By conducting thorough and systematic inspections, authorities can ensure that environmentalregulations are being followed and that necessary actions are taken to address any issues that are identified.验证过程的关键方面之一是对山水林田湖草沙进行现场检查。
用英语证明阑尾炎作文
用英语证明阑尾炎作文Appendicitis, also known as inflammation of the appendix, is a common medical condition that requires immediate attention and treatment. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for appendicitis.Appendicitis occurs when the appendix, a small pouch-like structure attached to the large intestine, becomes inflamed. The exact cause of appendicitis is not always clear, but it is believed to be a result of blockage in the appendix, often by fecal matter, foreign objects, or an infection. This blockage leads to the build-up of bacteria and increased pressure within the appendix, causing inflammation and pain.The most common symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain. The pain usually starts around the belly button and gradually moves to the lower right side of the abdomen. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and a general feeling of discomfort. It is important to note that the symptoms may vary from person to person, and some individuals may experience atypical symptoms.Diagnosing appendicitis can be challenging as the symptoms can mimic other conditions. However, healthcare professionals use a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis. The physical examination may involve checking for tenderness in the lower right abdomen, as well as assessing other signs such as rebound tenderness and guarding. Blood tests and imaging studies, such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan, can also aid in the diagnosis.Once appendicitis is diagnosed, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent complications such as a burst appendix. The most common treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy. This can be done either through open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and the surgeon's preference. In some cases, if the appendix has already burst or an abscess has formed, drainage of the abscess may be required before the appendectomy.Recovery from appendicitis surgery is usually quick, with most individuals able to return to their normal activities within a week or two. Pain medications and antibiotics may be prescribed to manage pain and prevent infection. It is important to follow the post-operative instructions provided by the healthcare team to ensure a smooth recovery.In conclusion, appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. It can cause severe abdominal pain and other symptoms, which require immediate medical attention. Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination and diagnostic tests, and treatment often involves surgical removal of the appendix. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for appendicitis is crucial in recognizing the condition and seeking appropriate medical care.。
公共卫生事件调查流程及内容
公共卫生事件调查流程及内容Public health events investigation process and content公共卫生事件调查流程及内容Public health events investigation is an important component of the public health surveillance system. It involves the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data and information related to a public health event. The investigation process is crucial for identifying the source and spread of the event, evaluating the impact on the population, and implementing appropriate control and prevention measures.公共卫生事件调查是公共卫生监测系统的重要组成部分。
它涉及对与公共卫生事件相关的数据和信息进行系统的收集、分析、解释和传播。
调查过程对于识别事件的来源和传播、评估对人群的影响以及实施适当的控制和预防措施至关重要。
The investigation process begins with the identification of a public health event, which can be triggered by an increase in the number of cases of a particular disease or the occurrence of an unusual patternof illness. Once a potential public health event is identified, a series of steps are taken to conduct a thorough investigation. These steps may include case finding, case investigation, outbreak investigation, and environmental assessment.调查过程始于对公共卫生事件的识别，这可能是由某种疾病的病例数量增加或疾病发生异常模式引发的。
关于汽车评估的作文英语
关于汽车评估的作文英语Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Car Evaluation。
Introduction:Car evaluation is an essential process for both buyers and sellers alike. Whether you're considering purchasing a new vehicle or selling your current one, understanding the factors involved in car evaluation can help you make informed decisions. In this essay, we will delve into the key aspects of car evaluation, including assessing the vehicle's condition, determining its market value, and considering other relevant factors.Assessing the Vehicle's Condition:The first step in car evaluation is assessing the vehicle's condition. This involves examining both the exterior and interior components of the car. On the exterior, check for any signs of damage such as dents,scratches, or rust. Inspect the paint job to ensure it is uniform and free of any major imperfections. Additionally, examine the tires for tread wear and any signs of damage.Moving to the interior, inspect the upholstery, dashboard, and other surfaces for any tears, stains, or wear and tear. Test the functionality of features such as the air conditioning, heating, stereo system, and power windows. Pay close attention to any warning lights on the dashboard, as they could indicate underlying mechanical issues.Mechanical Evaluation:Beyond the visual inspection, conducting a thorough mechanical evaluation is crucial. If possible, take the car for a test drive to assess its performance on the road. Pay attention to how the car accelerates, brakes, and handles different road conditions. Listen for any unusual noises coming from the engine, transmission, or suspension.For a more comprehensive assessment, consider hiring aqualified mechanic to perform a pre-purchase inspection. They can identify any potential mechanical issues that may not be apparent to the untrained eye. This step is especially important when buying a used car, as it can save you from unexpected repair costs down the line.Determining Market Value:Once you've assessed the vehicle's condition, the next step is determining its market value. Several factors influence a car's value, including its age, mileage, condition, and demand in the market. Websites such as Kelley Blue Book, Edmunds, and Autotrader offer onlinetools to estimate a car's value based on these factors.When using these tools, be sure to provide accurate information about the car's make, model, year, mileage, and condition. Keep in mind that market value can vary depending on location and current market trends. It's also worth considering any additional features or upgrades that may affect the car's value.Other Considerations:In addition to the vehicle's condition and market value, there are other factors to consider during the evaluation process. For example, consider the car's ownership history, including the number of previous owners and any reported accidents or maintenance records.Think about your own needs and preferences when evaluating a car. Does it meet your requirements in termsof size, fuel efficiency, safety features, and technology? Consider the cost of ownership, including fuel, insurance, maintenance, and depreciation, over the long term.Conclusion:Car evaluation is a critical step in the car buying or selling process. By thoroughly assessing the vehicle's condition, determining its market value, and considering other relevant factors, you can make a more informed decision. Whether you're in the market for a new car orselling your current one, understanding the ins and outs of car evaluation will help you get the best deal possible.。
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Internationally: • Exchange rates • Economic system
Compare RMB and USD
Profit
=
Revenue
-
Expense
Weak RMB
on Chinese Importer Strong RMB Weak RMB
Hedging
Good for importing Good for exporting and foreign investment
Internationally: Cross-broad social value and cultural characteristics
Examples
Demographics affecting businesses includes: • Population (Aging, low birth rate) • Proportion of male and female • Evolution of family pattern* etc. Changing working patterns • Flexible working hours and places (SOHO)
Internationally/ Domestically/Locally: • Political and Legal factors • Economic factors • Sociocultural factors • Technological factors
Economic factors
business taxes to value-added taxes 营改增 Government policy on competition among UnionPay and The third party payment (e.g.: PayPal)
Sociocultural factors
Assessing Other Environemntal Conditions
Nov 20 2014
Preview
• Explain how other environmental conditions can influence a firm’s business
- External environment Economic (exchange rate.), Political and legal, Sociocultural, Techonogical factors (Local/Global) - Task environment Customers, Competitors, labor market, Suppliers
1. Specify your business status
2. Do some research on understanding the current PEST factors and CCSL factors 3. Analyze 2-3 points in detail for each factor on how they affect your business
Businesses are influenced by a range of factors over which they have little control
PEST analysis is a tool for helping businesses evaluate external influences:
How do you describe customers’ changing shopping behaviour?
Describe the general characteristics of ‘MI’ Fan?
Technlogies can prove to be both opportunities or threats to organisations in terms of, for example: Production • Production methods • New product development Service • Marketing and Communication
Examples
1. 3D printing 2. Big data 3. Artificial intelligence
What can artificial intelligence do to replace any labor force?
The evolution of E-commerce due to the development of Information technology: company website online shop online platform future?
Lines of Business to Choose from …
1. Print Media 平面媒体 2. Housekeeping services 家政服务 3. Catering 4. Education and training 5. Clothing 6. Sports and health 7. Transportation and Express 8. Tourism 9. Automobile 10. Electronic products
on Chinese Exporter
Strong RMB
Hedging
Hedging Future Payments Action taken to in GBP (for Chinese importers)
protect a firm against negative exchange rate movement on Exchange Rate: GBP: RMB = 1: 10 Current business In what situation will business consider hedging? Expecting RMB depreciates in the near future (e.g.: 90days)
The current or expected economic climate will affect businesses. Factors include:
• • • • • Economic growth Inflation Interest rates Market price Government policies
How to conduct the hedging? Provides that an Sign a forward contract with bank which exchange of quotes a forward rate that both of you agree on The exchange rate currencies will at a that a bank will be What is the result? willing to offer at a specified exchange rate at a future point future point in time Avoid paying more due to depreciates of RMB in time
Hedging Future Receivable in USD (for Chinese exporters)
Current Exchange Rate: USD: RMB = 1: 6.2
In what situation will the company consider hedging? Expecting RMB appreciates in the near future (e.g.: 90 days)
Political and Legal factors
Political and legal factors can have significant impacts on businesses. Government policies affect business activities through: • Taxation and subsidies 征税与补贴 • Regulation and legislation 法规与法律
How to conduct the hedging? Sign a forward contract with bank which quotes a forward rate that both of you agree on What is the result? Avoid receiving less due to appreciates of RMB Decision Making of hedging exchange rate risk
How to specify your business status?
What are you products or services? Specify the types and their general characteristics (e.g.: bookshop – with reading hall and café ) Specify the general size (e.g.: small, medium or big) Specify one major type (sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation)
APEC 2014 - Reduction of tariff and free-trade zone development - release of visa application - prevention and control on cross-broad bribery - environmental protection (carbon emissions reduction)