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第四章赫克歇尓-俄林理论

每百万美元的美国出口品和进口替代品对国内资本和劳动力的需求额（1947年）出口品资本K（美元）劳动力L（人· 年）资本K/劳动力L（美元/人· 年） 2550780 182.313 13911 进口替代品 3091339 170.004 18184
里昂惕夫之谜的解释
A、人力资本 B、自然资源 C、要素密集度逆转 D、需求逆转 E、贸易壁垒的存在
推论：
自由贸易将使丰裕的要素获益，使稀缺的要素受损。获益要素所有者会支持自由贸易，因此，受损要素所有者反对自由贸易。
要素价格均等化定理
又称赫克歇尔-俄林-萨缪尔森定理成立的前提条件，缺一不可: （1）国家间完全竞争；（2）没有贸易壁垒；（3）两国具有相同的生产技术。
自由贸易必然会使不同国家的相同生产要素的价格趋于一致。若不同国家的要素价格在贸易前存在差别，即使这些要素无法跨国境直接进行竞争，只要允许商品进行自由贸易，随着商品价格的趋同，要素的价格也会最终趋于相同，高工资会减少，低工资会提高，直到不同国家的工资水平趋于一致。相同的结果对于资本回报也成立。
4.1 基本假设条件：
（1）2×2×2模型，两种生产要素（劳动、资本）（2）生产要素在两国间无法自由移动；（3）无贸易壁垒，市场完全竞争；（4）贸易平衡，即进口总量=出口总量；（5）生产要素可在一国内的不同行业间自由移动，所有要素完全被利用：要素需求等于要素供给；
（6）两国的消费偏好完全相同；（7）两国的生产技术完全相同（与李嘉图理论主要区别）★★。因此，技术的好坏、劳动生产率的高低不是解释贸易的原因；（8）布料的劳动-资本比超过小麦的劳动-资本比，且每个产品生产的劳动-资本比为常数；布料为劳动密集型产品，小麦为资本密集型；（9）两个国家之间唯一的差别在要素禀赋不同。假设：日本8L、10K，美国10L、20K。

研华工控机手册

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EN-SW10m-001 PoE 网络交换机用户手册说明书

Contents1 Introduction (3)2 Hardware Description (3)2.1 Front Panel (3)2.2 LED Indicators (3)2.3 Rear Panel (4)2.4 Specification (4)3 Getting Started (5)3.1 Management Options (5)3.2 Using Web-based Management (5)4.Configuration (6)4.1 Welcome (6)4.2 Administrator (7)4.3 Port Management (11)4.4 VLAN Setting (13)4.5 Per Port Counter (15)Per Port Counter -> Port Counter (15)4.6 QoS Setting (16)4.7 Security (17)4.8 Spanning Tree (19)4.9 DHCP Relay Agent (20)4.10 Backup/Recovery (22)4.11 Miscellaneous (22)4.12 SNMP Settings (23)4.13 Logout (23)4.14 PoE Settings (24)1 IntroductionPower-over-Ethernet (PoE) eliminates the need to run DC power to other devices on a wired LAN. Using a Power-over-Ethernet system, installers need to run only a single Category 5 Ethernet cable that carries both power and data to each device. This allows greater flexibility in the locating of network devices and, in many cases, significantly decreases installation costs.There are two system components in PoE - the PSE (Power Sourcing Equipment) and the PD (Powered Device). The IEEE 802.3af/at specification defines PSE as a device that inserts power onto an Ethernet cable. The PSE may be located at the switch (End-span configuration). or it may be a separate device located between the switch and the PD (Mid-span configuration). The PD is the natural termination of this link, receiving the power, and could be an IP phone, a WLAN access point, or any other IP device that requires power. The current is transmitted over two of the four twisted pairs of wires in a Category-5 cable.Power-over-Ethernet follows the IEEE 802.3af/at specification and is completely compatible with existing Ethernet switches and networked devices. Because the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) tests whether a networked device is PoE-capable, power is never transmitted unless a Powered Device is at the other end of the cable. It also continues to monitor the channel. If the Powered Device does not draw a minimum current, because it has been unplugged or physically turned off, the PSE shuts down the power to that port. Optionally, the standard permits Powered Devices to signal t0 the PSEs exactly how much power they need.The PoE switch is a multi-port fast Ethernet switch that can be used to build high-performance switched workgroup networks. This switch is a store-and-forward device that offers low latency for high-speed networking. It also features a ‘store-and-forward switching’ scheme that allows the swi tch to auto-learn and store source addresses in a 8K-entry MAC address table. The switch is targeted at workgroup, department or backbone computing environments.2 Hardware Description2.1 Front PanelThe front panel consists of LED indications, reset button and 8x10/100 PoE ports + TX+1 GigabitCombo+1Gigabit SFP with 8 PoE Ethernet Switch2.2 LED IndicatorsPower LED: The Power LED lights up when the switch is connected to a power source.Link/Act LED:Green (for megabit ports): Indicates that the port is running at 100M.Green (for gigabit ports): Indicates that the port is running at 100M.Blinking: Indicates that the switch is either sending or receiving data to the port.Light off: No link.PoE LED:Green: Indicates the PoE powered device (PD) is connected and the port supplies power successfully.Light off: Indicates no powered device (PD) connected.Reset: By pressing the Reset button for 5 seconds the switch will change back to the default configuration and all changes will be lost.2.3 Rear PanelThe rear panel view of the switch consists of Reset button and DC input plug.2.4 Specification3 Getting StartedThis chapter introduces the management interface of the switch.3.1 Management OptionsThe Switch can be managed through any port on the device by using the Web-based ManagementEach switch must be assigned its own IP Address, which is used for communication with Web-Based Management. The PC’s IP address should be in the same range as the switch. Each switch ca n allow only one user to access the Web-Based Management at a time.Please refer to the following installation instructions for the Web-based Management.3.2 Using Web-based ManagementAfter a successful physical installation, you can configure the switch, monitor the network status, and display statistics using a web browser.Connecting to the SwitchYou will need the following equipment to begin the web configuration of your device:⏹ A PC with a RJ-45 Ethernet connection⏹ A standard Ethernet cableConnect the Ethernet cable to any of the ports on the front panel of the switch and to the Ethernet port on the PC. Login Web-based ManagementIf DHCP is not enabled on the local LAN, the switch will be able to log in to the web page with 192.168.2.1 after 2 minutes. If DHCP is enabled, the DHCP server (router) will assign the address to the switch, and use DHCP to log in to the switch. Login to the switch web page.In case no DHCP server, In order to login and configure the switch via an Ethernet connection, the PC must have an IP address in the same subnet as the switch. For example, if the switch has an IP address of 192.168.2.1, the PC should have an IP address of 192.168.2.x(where x is a number between 2 ~ 254), and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. Open the web browser and enter 192.168.2.1 (the factory-default IP address) in the address bar. Then press <Enter>.When the following logon dialog box appears, enter the username and password then click OK. The default username is admin and password is system.Note: If the DHCP server (routing) to the switch assigned address, you can use the Auto Discovery tool to query the switch ip4.ConfigurationThe features and functions of the switch can be configured for optimum use through the Web-based Management.4.1 WelcomeAfter a successful login you will see the screen bellows:4.2 AdministratorAdministrator -> Authentication ConfigurationHere you can enter a new Username/Password and confirm it.The factory defaultIP address: 192.168.2.1Username: adminPassword: systemAdministrator -> System IP ConfigurationThere are two ways for the switch to obtain an IP address: Static and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).If the switch is used to open the DHCP environment, the switch will automatically obtain an IP address from a DHCP server, the switch for the landing web page, As shown below:When using static mode, the IP address, Subnet Mask and Gateway can be manually configured. When using DHCP mode, the Switch will first look for a DHCP server to provide it with an IP address (including network mask and default gateway) before using the default or previously entered settings. By default the IP setting is static mode with IP address is 192.168.2.1 and subnet mask is 255.255.255.0Administrator -> System StatusComment: By entering a Comment, the device can more easily be recognized on the LAN.Idle Time Security: It controls the idle time-out period for security purposes, when there is no action for a specific time span in the Web-based Management. If the current session times out (expires), the user is required a re-login before using the Web-based Management again. Selective range is from 3 to 30 minute, and the defaultsetting is 5 minutes.Administrator -> Load default settingProvide a safe reset option for the switch. All configuration settings in non-volatile RAM will be reset to factorydefault and then the switch will reboot.Administrator -> Firmware UpdateYou must enter the password of device in order to determine the firmware needs to be updated.After a correct password the switch will erase the old firmware first.After completing the erase you will see the screen bellows. Specify the Firmware Path (or Browse for one) that you are going to use, and then click Update. The state will show ‘OK’ after completion and ‘Fail’ is firmware upgrade fails or cannot be completed for any reason.Administrator -> Reboot DeviceProvide a safe way to reboot the system. Click Reboot to restart the switch.4.3 Port ManagementPort Management -> Port ConfigurationIn this page, the status of all ports can be monitored and adjusted for optimum configuration.Enable: Enable or disable the port’s connectionAuto-Nege: Enable or disable port auto-NDI/MDIXSpeed: Copper connections can operate in Forced Mode settings (1000M Full, 100M Full, 100M Halt, 10M Full,10M Half), Auto, or Disabled. The default setting for all ports is Auto.Duplex: Copper connections can operate in Full-Duplex or Half-Duplex ModeAddr. Learning: Enable or disable port learning MAC address.Port Management -> Port MirroringPort Mirroring is a method of monitoring network traffic that forwards a copy of each incoming and/or outgoing packet from one port of the Switch to another port where the packet can be studied. This enables network managers to better monitor network performances.TX (transmit) mode: Duplicates the data transmitted from the source port and forwards it to the Target Port. Click “all” to include all ports into port mirroring.RX (receive) mode: Duplicates the data that received from the source port and forwards it to the Target Port. Click “all” to include all ports into port mirroring.Both (transmit and receive) mode: Duplicate both the data transmitted from and data sent to the source port, and forwards all the dat a to the assigned Target Port. Click “all” to include all ports into port mirroring.The target ports will stop mirroring packets if there are unknown tags or destination packets sent out by source ports.Port Management -> Bandwidth ControlThe Band width Control page allows network managers to define the bandwidth settings for a specified port’s transmitting and receiving data rates.TX Rate: This allows you to enter data receive rate from 0 to 255 (base on speed base), 0 for full speed.RX Rate: This allows you to enter data transmit rate from 0 to 255 (base on speed base), 0 for full speed. Speed Base:Port Management -> Broadcast Storm ControlThe Broadcast Storm Control feature provides the ability to control the receive rate of broadcast packets. Once a packet storm has been detected, the Switch will drop packets coming into the Switch until the stormhas subsided.4.4 VLAN SettingVLAN Setting -> VLAN ModeA VLAN is a group of ports that can be anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they were in thesame area. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect department groups (such as R&D, Marketing), usagegroups (such as e-mail), or multicast groups (multimedia applications such as video conferencing), andtherefore help to simplify network management by allowing users to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections.Prot Based VLAN: Port-Based VLANs are the simplest and most common form of VLAN. It assigns the appliance LAN ports to VLANs, effectively transforming the appliances. You can assign multiple ports to the same VLAN, or each port to a separate VLAN.802.1Q VLAN: By default, 802.1Q VLAN is disabled. With 802.1Q VLAN enabled, the VLAN VID 1 is created by default with an empty VLAN name field and all ports are configur ed as “Untagged” members.VLAN SettingAdd VLAN: Click to create a new VLAN name and to select VLAN ports. The VLAN name should be less than 10 characters. To save the members in a group, click Add.VLAN Setting ->VLAN Setting ->4.5 Per Port CounterPer Port Counter -> Port CounterThe Statistics screen displays the status of each port packet count.QoS Setting -> Priority ModeQoS Setting -> Port, 802.1p ,IP/DS basedQoS Setting -> TCP/UDP Port BasedSecurity -> MAC Address BindingSecurity -> Scan MACSecurity -> TCP/UDP FilterSecurity -> Web Management Filter 4.8 Spanning TreeSpanning Tree -> STP Bridge SettingsSpanning Tree -> STP Port SettingsSpanning Tree -> Loopback DetectionDHCP Relay Agent -> DHCP Relay AgentDHCP Relay Agent -> Relay ServerDHCP Relay Agent -> VLAN MAP Relay Agent4.10 Backup/RecoveryAllow the current configuration settings to be saved to a file (not including the password), and if necessary, you can restore configuration settings from the file.Backup or restore the configuration file to or from your local drive.Click Download to save the current settings to your disk.Click Browse to browse your inventories for a saved backup settings file.Click Update after selecting the backup settings file you want to restore.Switch will reboot after restore and all current configurations will be lost4.11 MiscellaneousMiscellaneous -> Miscellaneous Settings4.12 SNMP Settings4.13 LogoutClick this to end this sessionIf you close the web browser without clicking the Logout button, it will be seen as an abnormal exit and the login session will still be occupied.4.14 PoEPoE -> PoE SettingThis section provides PoE (Power over Ethernet) Configuration and PoE output status of PoE Switch.Main Power consumption:The Statistics screen displays the total Watts usage of PoE Switch.Status: Can enable or disable the PoE function.Class: Class 0 is the default for PDs. However, to improve power management at the PSE, the PD may opt to provide a signature for Class 1 to 4.The PD is classified based on power. The classification of the PD is the maximum power that the PD will draw across all input voltages and operational modes. A PD shall return Class 0 to 4 in accordance with theCurrent (mA): It shows the PoE device current Amp.Current-Limit (mA): It can limit the port PoE supply Amp. Per port maximum value must less 600. Once power overload detected, the port will auto shut down and we should manually enablethe PoE port.PoE -> PoE Power DelayThis section provides PoE Power Delay Configuration.Delay Mode: Enable or disable the port’s PoE Power Delay function.Delay Time: Set PoE power delay time (0~300).PoE -> PoE SchedulingPoE Schedule user can configure a duration time for PoE port as default value does not provide power.: Please enable NTP and correct the System Time first.As default value, all PoE Schedule Profile functions are disabledPlease use mouse to click on the block about what time you want to supply power for PoE port. PoE -> NTP SettingThis section provide the NTP Configuration of PoE SwitchSystem Time: Display current time informationNTP Server: Allow assign #1 or #2 NTP server IP address manuallyTime Zone: Allow select the time zone according to current locationPoE -> PoE Auto-checkThe PoE Switch can be configured to monitor connected PD’s status in real-time via ping action. Once the PD stops working and without response, the PoE Switch is going to restart PoE port power, and bring the PD back to work. It will greatly enhance the reliability and reduces administrator management burden.If you do not fill inautoping address, will have the following tips.If the address is not filled, there will be web tipsSet Port No.: Select the port wich you want to set IP AddressIP Address: Allow assign IP address which you want to monitorChecking Time: Select checking time ping action (1-10Min)Reset Delay Time: Select PD Reset time (1-3Seconds)Enable Checking Port. No: Select the port which you want to enable PoE Auto-check------------------------The end------------------------------------。

STDWORK PRESENTATION ENG REV3-20040414-220704 CN

Waste
3. Concepts of Lean Manufacturing 精实制造的概念
SW PRESENTATION ENG REV3 June 30, 2003 2 of 115
Standard Work标准工作
Objectives of Standard Work Training标准工作培训的目标
STRIKE: 2
ON BASE
OUT: 2
PITCHER: #42 ERA: 3.59 W-L: 11-7 K’s: 5 June 30, 2003 BB’s: 1 of 115 16
DBS Tools – Visual Management目视管理
The team you were cheering for scored a 2 home runs! Did you stay to see it? 你支持的球队曾经击出过两支全垒打！你有留下来观赏吗？
Visual Management allows us to know what is happening when walking into a situation.目视管理让我们走进现场即可知道目前的状况
SW PRESENTATION ENG REV3 June 30, 2003 17 of 115
This objective will cover:目标包括 • Definition of the Danaher Business System丹纳赫业务系统的定义 • Definition of Standard Work标准工作的定义 • DBS Tools DBS工具 • Elements of the Change Model改变模式的要素
Large Vague Problem 大量不明确的问题

SWIBS商务沟通part1题库

Chapter 1ACHIEVING SUCCESS THROUGH EFFECTIVEBUSINESS COMMUNICATIONMultiple Choice1. Communication is the process of aa. transferring knowledge.b. listening actively.c. sending and receiving messages.d. writing effective messages.2. On average, top managers spend as much as _d____ percent of their time communicating with others.a. 5b. 14c. 50d. 853. Which of the following would not be considered a stakeholder when it comes to your business communications? da. Co-workersb. Customersc. Friendsd. Investors4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of effective business messages? ca. They provide practical information.b. They present the writer’s opinions as facts.c. They state precise audience responsibilities.d. They clarify and condenseinformation.5. An example of internal communication would be ca. an e-mail message from a manager to a supplier requesting updated prices on parts.b. an e-mail message from a sales manager to a salesperson asking for a report on travel expenses for a trade show.c. a phone call from a manager to a computer repair firm checking on the status of a printer being repaired.d. a fax from a magazine to an advertiser quoting new ad rates.6. An example of external communication would be ba. talking on a cell phone to a colleague.b. an e-mail from a salesperson to a customer.c. a memo from a manager at headquarters to a manager at a store in another state.d. a teleconference among company sales representatives in several locations.7. An example of downward communication flow is ba. a junior staff person giving information to a staff supervisor.b. a sales manager giving instructions to a salesperson.c. an e-mail message about sick leave from one staff secretary to another.d. a company briefing held on the organization’s top floor.8. An example of horizontal communication would be ca. a junior staff person giving information to a staff supervisor.b. a c ompany briefing held on the organization’s ground floor.c. an e-mail message about sick leave sent from one departmentsecretaryto a secretary in a different department.d. all of the above.9. Which of the following media would not normally be used for internal communication? da. Telephoneb. E-mailc. Letterd. Intranet10. Every organization has ca. an intranet.b. an extranet.c. an informal communication network.d. a tall communication structure.11. Some executives are wary of informal communication channels, primarily because these executives da. don’t really understand how informal channels work.b. believe only formal channels are efficient.c. object to casual conversations on company time.d. fear a loss of their control over the flow of information.12. A casual conversation between co-workers is an example of da. upward communication flow.b. downward communication flow.c. interdepartmental communication.d. informal communication.13. Grapevines tend to be most active when employees ba. believe the formal communication network is providing too muchinformation.b. believe the formal communication network is not providing enoughinformation.c. are satisfied with their jobs.d. have good relationships with their managers.14. An example of informal external communication would be aa. on the golf course, a restaurant owner listens to a frienddescribe thepoor service she recently received while dining at the restaurant.b. a group of friends discuss a product they have all recentlypurchased.c. two department managers from the same company talkbusiness whileeating lunch.d. all of the above.15. Social networking software is designed to da. discourage employees from socializing at work.b. help dissatisfied employees find better jobs.c. help companies take advantage of all the contacts their employees have.d. do none of the above.16. In the first step of the communication process, the sender ca. decides what to say.b. chooses a communication channel.c. has an idea.d. chooses a communication medium.17. A communication channel is da. chosen based partly on the formality of your message.b. the specific method chosen for sending a message, such as e-mail, a memo, or a phone call.c. a means for transmitting your message.d. all of the above.18. When choosing _____, you must take into account the message you want to convey, the location of your audience, the need for speed, and the formality of the situation. aa. a communication channelb. a communication purposec. what to weard. gestures and facial expressions19. In the communication process all of the following occur except ca. the receiver decodes the message.b. the sender transmits the message.c. the receiver has an idea.d. the receiver gets the message.20. The final link in the communication chain is da. receiving the message.b. sending the message.c. giving feedback to the sender.d. interpreting the message.21. Good communication skills are more important today than ever because of da. advances in technology.b. the growing reliance on teamwork in business.c. the globalization of business.d. all of the above22. The term corporate culture refers to ca. the number of organizational levels within a corporation.b. the extent to which corporations dominate a particular culture.c. the mixture of values, traditions, and habits that give a company its atmosphere and personality.d. a company’s sponsorship of events such as concerts and plays.23. A flatter organizational structure ca. decreases the chance of misunderstandings occurring.b. helps make communication more efficient.c. can block effective communication by overburdening key individuals.d. does all of the above.24. Bad connections, poor acoustics, and illegible copy are all examples of ca. problems with feedback.b. physical distractions.c. problems with background differences.d. overload problems.25. Distorting the parts of a received message that do not fit your plan is called ba. discrimination.b. misreading.c. selective perception.d. stereotyping.26. If a company’s formal communication network contains many levels of hierarchy da. communication tends to be more effective.b. downward communication tends to be more effective, but upward doesnot.c. upward communication tends to be more effective, but downward doesnot.d. upward and downward communication tend to be less effective.27. Which of the following is not one of the four main ways to improve business communication? aa. Acknowledge the importance of the situation.b. Minimize distractions.c. Adopt an audience-centered approach.d. Provide constructive feedback.28. To make your messages more effective ca. send fewer of them.b. include as much information as possible, even if you’re not sure it’s necessary.c. send the same messages by multiple channels.d. do all of the above.29. Which of the following contributes to overcoming emotional distractions in business communication?a. A top-down management styleb. Unspoken limits on the kinds of information that can be transmittedc. Recognizing your feelings and anticipating others’ reactionsd. High salaries and great benefits30. Writing and speaking from your audience’s point of view makes it more likely that ca. you will lose prestige in the eyes of your audience.b. there will be confusion about the meaning of your messages.c. receivers will understand your message and respond positively.d. your message will be ineffective.31. Which of the following is not a characteristic of ethical communication?a. It includes all relevant information.b. It is designed to hide some negative information.c. It is true in every sense.d. It is not deceptive in any way.32. All of the following are examples of unethical communication excepta. using jargon.b. misquoting.c. distorting visuals.d. plagiarism.33. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?a. Deciding whether or not to inform employees that layoffs are coming as they work on finishing a big projectb. Deciding whether or not to sell company stock when you’ve received inside information on a coming downturnc. Deciding whether or not to use the copy machine for personal papersd. Deciding whether or not to declare the costs of your vacation travel as a deductible business expense34. Which of the following is an example of an ethical lapse?a. Putting unsigned suggestions in the company suggestion boxb. Informing a new employer about your previous (competing) employer’s major clientsc. Telling your supervisor that another employee is stealing office suppliesd. Providing incorrect data in a report, even though you did not know it was incorrect at the time35. To help establish clear guidelines for ethical behavior, many companies provide a writtena. ethical audit.b. ethical dilemma.c. ethical lapse.d. code of ethics.True or False36. Top managers spend as much as 85% of their time communicating with others.37. As long as employees get the job done, most companies are not concerned with employees meeting expectations of business etiquette.38. Downward communication flows from employees to executives, providing accurate, timely reports on problems, trends, opportunities, grievances, and performance.39. Most of the information that flows downward in an organization is geared toward helping employees do their jobs.40. Upward communication generally helps executives solve problems and make intelligent decisions.41. Within organizations, formal communication is upward and downward, while informal communication is always horizontal.42. Effective managers avoid the grapevine and communicate with employees through formal channels only.43. The grapevine tends to be most active when employees receive too much information about their company.44. Because external communication is carefully orchestrated, almost none of it occurs informally.45. Informal external communication usually requires less skill than formal communication.46. Social networking software helps companies capitalize on all the connections their employees may have.47. Social networking software helps companies prevent employees from sending personal e-mail messages from their offices.48. Effective communication eliminates the need for feedback from the audience.49. E-mail is an example of a communication channel.50. A facial gesture is not a communication channel.51. In selecting a channel for transmitting a message, the most formal method is always best in today’s business environment.52. “Noise” refers to any interference th at prevents the audience from receiving your message.53. The communication process is a simple one consisting of two phases: the sender transmits the message and the receiver gets the message.54. Successful organizations usually minimize the need for feedback.55. Among other factors, the globalization of business has decreased the demand for skilled communicators.56. Flatter organizational structures generally create less distortion when it comes to internal communication.57. The more links in the formal communication chain, the greater the opportunity for distortion of messages.58. Employees should avoid strong negative feedback at all costs.59. The goal of an open communication climate is to eliminate the need for any feedback.60. When two people experience the same event, we cannot always assume that their mental images of the event are identical.61. Factors such as poor acoustics and uncomfortable meeting rooms can be annoying but are not really that important when it comes to communication.62. The meaning of a word or phrase can vary from person to person.63. Too much information is always better than not enough.64. In today’s business environment, clients and co-workers expect you to answer your cell phone while meeting with them.65. If a long report requires no action from recipients, it’s best to withhold that information to ensure that they read it.66. Effective communicators tag all e-mail messages as “urgent” in order to make sure the audience responds.67. Ethics can be defined as not doing anything illegal.68. Plagiarism is only a problem in the classroom. In the business environment, it’s just another term for information sharing.69. A message that is intended to mislead or manipulate the audience is unethical, even if its content is true.70. When people must choose between conflicting loyalties and weigh difficult trade-offs, they are facing an ethical lapse.Fill-in-the-Blank71. Communication is the process of ____________________ and____________________ messages.72. Groups affected in some way by a company’s actions are referred to as ____________________.73. When, within a single company, the sales manager calls the production manager to discuss a delay, the message is traveling in the ____________________ communication network.74. The informal communication network within an organization is called the ____________________.75. Social ____________________ software helps companies take advantage of all the connections their employees may have.76. When a sender puts an idea into a message the reader will understand, the sender is ____________________ the message.77. For a message to be successfully received, the receiver must____________________ the message—absorb and understand it.78. Workforce ____________________ refers to all the differences among the people you come into contact with on the job, including age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and so forth.79. A ________________________________________ is the mixture of values, traditions, and habits that give a company its atmosphere or personality.80. Differences in people’s ____________________ of reality often create a barrier to effective communication.81. Focusing on and caring about the receivers of your messages and making every effort to get your message across in a meaningful way is necessary to adopt an ____________________-____________________ approach.82. ____________________ are the accepted principles of conduct that govern behavior within a society.83. Deliberately omitting disappointing profit figures from a presentation is an example of ____________________ communication.84. An ethical ____________________ involves choosing among conflicting alternatives that are not clear-cut.85. An ethical ____________________ involves making a clearly unethical or illegal choice.Short Answer86. How does the primary function of upward-flowing communication differ from that of downward-flowing communication?87. List at least three examples of formal external communication.88. When is the grapevine most active within an organization?89. List at least three factors to consider when choosing a communication channel.90. Briefly explain the nature and importance of the final phase in the communication process.91. Briefly define “knowledge workers.”92. What is a restrictive communication environment?93. How can the exchange of many messages become a barrier to effective communication?94. To adopt an audience-centered approach to communication, what do you need to learn about your audience? List at least three specific examples.95. Briefly explain the difference between an ethical dilemma and an ethical lapse.Essay96. Describe at least five common characteristics of effective business messages.97. Describe the various directions communication flows through an organization’s formal hierarchy, and give an example of each one. 98. Describe the six phases of the communication process.99. Describe four common types of communication barriers.100. Describe five strategies for overcoming communication barriers and briefly explain what each one of these strategies requires.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

计算机组成与设计第五版（Chapter2）

计算机组成与设计第五版（Chapter2）Chapter 2 Solutions S-3 2.1 addi f, h, -5 (note, no subi) add f, f, g2.2 f = g + h + i2.3 sub $t0, $s3, $s4add $t0, $s6, $t0lw $t1, 16($t0)sw $t1, 32($s7)2.4 B[g] = A[f] + A[1+f];2.5 add $t0, $s6, $s0add $t1, $s7, $s1lw $s0, 0($t0)lw $t0, 4($t0)add $t0, $t0, $s0sw $t0, 0($t1)2.62.6.1 temp = Array[0];temp2 = Array[1];Array[0] = Array[4];Array[1] = temp;Array[4] = Array[3];Array[3] = temp2;2.6.2 lw $t0, 0($s6)lw $t1, 4($s6)lw $t2, 16($s6)sw $t2, 0($s6)sw $t0, 4($s6)lw $t0, 12($s6)sw $t0, 16($s6)sw $t1, 12($s6)S-4 ChapterSolutions22.712ab12128cd8ef4ef4cd0120ab2.8 28824000182.9 sll $t0, $s1, 2 # $t0 <-- 4*gadd $t0, $t0, $s7 # $t0 <-- Addr(B[g])lw $t0, 0($t0) # $t0 <-- B[g]addi $t0, $t0, 1 # $t0 <-- B[g]+1sll $t0, $t0, 2 # $t0 <-- 4*(B[g]+1) = Addr(A[B[g]+1]) lw $s0, 0($t0) # f <-- A[B[g]+1]2.10 f = 2*(&A);2.11addi $t0, $s6, 4I-type82284add $t1, $s6, $0R-type02209sw $t1, 0($t0)I-type43890lw $t0, 0($t0)I-type35880add $s0, $t1, $t0R-type098162.122.12.1 500000002.12.2 overflow2.12.3 B00000002.12.4 no overflow2.12.5 D00000002.12.6 overflow2.132.13.1 128 231?1, x ? 231?129 and 128 ? x ??231, x ??231? 128(impossible)2.13.2 128? x ? 231?1, x ??231?129 and 128 ? x ??231, x ? 231? 128(impossible)2.13.3 x? 128 ??231, x ??231? 128 and x ? 128 ? 231? 1, x ? 231? 127(impossible)Chapter 2 Solutions S-52.14 r-type, add $s0, $s0, $s02.15 i-type, 0xAD4900202.16 r-type, sub $v1, $v1, $v0, 0x006218222.17 i-type, lw $v0, 4($at), 0x8C2200042.182.18.1 opcode would be 8 bits, rs, rt, rd fi elds would be 7 bits each2.18.2 opcode would be 8 bits, rs and rt fi elds would be 7 bits each2.18.3 more registers →more bits per instruction → could increase code sizemore registers → less register spills → less instructionsmore instructions → more appropriate instruction → decrease code sizemore instructions → larger opcodes → larger code size2.192.19.1 0xBABEFEF82.19.2 0xAAAAAAA02.19.3 0x000055452.20 srl $t0, $t0, 11sll $t0, $t0, 26ori $t2, $0, 0x03ffsll $t2, $t2, 16ori $t2, $t2, 0xffffand $t1, $t1, $t2or $t1, $t1, $t02.21 nor $t1, $t2, $t22.22 lw $t3, 0($s1)sll $t1, $t3, 42.23 $t2 = 32.24 jump: no, beq: noS-6 ChapterSolutions22.252.25.1 i-type2.25.2 addi $t2, $t2, –1beq $t2, $0, loop2.262.26.1 202.26.2 i = 10;do {B += 2;i = i – 1;} while ( i > 0)2.26.3 5*N2.27addi $t0, $0, 0beq $0, $0, TEST1LOOP1: addi $t1, $0, 0beq $0, $0, TEST2LOOP2: add $t3, $t0, $t1sll $t2, $t1, 4add $t2, $t2, $s2sw $t3, ($t2)addi $t1, $t1, 1TEST2: slt $t2, $t1, $s1bne $t2, $0, LOOP2addi $t0, $t0, 1TEST1: slt $t2, $t0, $s0bne $t2, $0, LOOP12.28 14 instructions to implement and 158 instructions executed2.29 for (i=0; i<100; i++) {result += MemArray[s0];s0 = s0 + 4;}Chapter 2 Solutions S-7 2.30 addi $t1, $s0, 400LOOP: lw $s1, 0($t1)add $s2, $s2, $s1addi $t1, $t1, -4bne $t1, $s0, LOOP2.31 fib: addi $sp, $sp, -12 # make room on stacksw $ra, 8($sp) # push $rasw $s0, 4($sp) # push $s0sw $a0, 0($sp) # push $a0 (N)bgt $a0, $0, test2 # if n>0, test if n=1add $v0, $0, $0 # else fib(0) = 0rtn #jtest2: addi $t0, $0, 1 #bne $t0, $a0, gen # if n>1, genadd $v0, $0, $t0 # else fib(1) = 1rtnjgen: subi $a0, $a0,1 # n-1jal fib # call fib(n-1)add $s0, $v0, $0 # copy fib(n-1)sub $a0, $a0,1 # n-2jal fib # call fib(n-2)add $v0, $v0, $s0 # fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)rtn: lw $a0, 0($sp) # pop $a0lw $s0, 4($sp) # pop $s0lw $ra, 8($sp) # pop $raaddi $sp, $sp, 12 # restore spjr $ra# fib(0) = 12 instructions, fib(1) = 14 instructions,# fib(N) = 26 + 18N instructions for N >=22.32 D ue to the recursive nature of the code, it is not possible for the compiler toin-line the function call.2.33 after calling function fib:old $sp -> 0x7ffffffcc ontents of register $ra for-4fib(N)c ontents of register $s0 for-8fib(N)$sp-> -12 c ontents of register $a0 forfib(N)there will be N-1 copies of $ra, $s0 and $a0 S-8 ChapterSolutions22.34 f: addi $sp,$sp,-12$ra,8($sp)sw$s1,4($sp)sw$s0,0($sp)sw$s1,$a2move$s0,$a3movefuncjal$a0,$v0moveadd$a1,$s0,$s1funcjallw$ra,8($sp)$s1,4($sp)lw$s0,0($sp)lw$sp,$sp,12addi$rajr2.35 W e can use the tail-call optimization for the second call to func, but thenwe must restore $ra, $s0, $s1, and $sp before that call. We save only oneinstruction (jr $ra).2.36 R egister $ra is equal to the return address in the caller function, registers$sp and $s3 have the same values they had when function f was called, andregister $t5 can have an arbitrary value. For register $t5, note that althoughour function f does not modify it, function func is allowed to modify it sowe cannot assume anything about the of $t5 aft er function func has beencalled.2.37 MAIN: addi $sp, $sp, -4sw $ra, ($sp)add $t6, $0, 0x30 # ‘0’add $t7, $0, 0x39 # ‘9’add $s0, $0, $0add $t0, $a0, $0LOOP: lb $t1, ($t0)slt $t2, $t1, $t6bne $t2, $0, DONEslt $t2, $t7, $t1bne $t2, $0, DONEsub $t1, $t1, $t6beq $s0, $0, FIRSTmul $s0, $s0, 10FIRST: add $s0, $s0, $t1addi $t0, $t0, 1LOOPjChapter 2 Solutions S-9DONE: add $v0, $s0, $0lw $ra, ($sp)addi $sp, $sp, 4jr $ra2.38 0x000000112.39 Generally, all solutions are similar:lui $t1, top_16_bitsori $t1, $t1, bottom_16_bits2.40 No, jump can go up to 0x0FFFFFFC.2.41 N o, range is 0x604 + 0x1FFFC = 0x0002 0600 to 0x604 – 0x20000= 0xFFFE 0604.2.42 Y es, range is 0x1FFFF004 + 0x1FFFC = 0x2001F000 to 0x1FFFF004- 0x20000 = 1FFDF0042.43 trylk: li $t1,1ll $t0,0($a0)$t0,trylkbnezsc $t1,0($a0)$t1,trylkbeqzlw $t2,0($a1)slt $t3,$t2,$a2$t3,skipbnezsw $a2,0($a1)skip: sw $0,0($a0)2.44 try: ll $t0,0($a1)slt $t1,$t0,$a2$t1,skipbnezmov $t0,$a2sc $t0,0($a1)$t0,trybeqzskip:2.45 It is possible for one or both processors to complete this code without everreaching the SC instruction. If only one executes SC, it completes successfully. Ifboth reach SC, they do so in the same cycle, but one SCcompletes fi rst and thenthe other detects this and fails.S-10 ChapterSolutions22.462.46.1 Answer is no in all cases. Slows down the computer.CCT ? clock cycle timeICa ? instruction count (arithmetic)ICls ? instruction count (load/store)ICb ? instruction count (branch)new CPU time ? 0.75*old ICa*CPIa*1.1*oldCCToldICls*CPIls*1.1*oldCCToldICb*CPIb*1.1*oldCCTTh e extra clock cycle time adds suffi ciently to the new CPU time such thatit is not quicker than the old execution time in all cases.2.46.2 107.04%, 113.43%2.472.47.1 2.62.47.2 0.882.47.3 0.533333333。

OSHA现场作业手册说明书

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

Part One Chapter Four Langland 朗兰

Chapter Four: Langland朗兰I. Piers the Plowman and Its Author耕者皮尔斯和它的作者Piers the Plowman shows the existence of English Popular literature in the Middle Age.耕者皮尔斯表明了中世纪流行文学的存在。

7000 lines, written by William LanglandII.A Picture of Feudal EnglandThe poem sets forth a series of wonderful dreams.这首诗描写了一系列奇妙的梦境。

1. The Exposure of the Ruling Classes对统治阶级的揭露“They leapt away to London.To be clerks of the King’s Bench and despoil the land.”2. The Story of the Cat and Rats猫和老鼠的故事If the cat was killed, another would come in its place.Let that cat be.The cat is the symbol of the ruling class.3. The Marriage of Lady Meed贿赂夫人的婚姻Three major characters: Lady Meed, the King, Conscience4. The Condition of the Peasants农民的境况5. The Search for Truth寻找真理6. The Class Nature of Piers皮尔斯的阶级本质7. Social Significance社会意义III. Artistic Feature艺术特点习题Choose the best answer.1._____ defeated the English troops at Hastings.A. Angles, Saxons and JutesB. Germanic peoplesC. Danish VikingsD. NormansD【史称诺曼征服Norman Conquest】Choose the best answer.2.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in ____.A. 1017B. 1042C. 1016D. 1066D【同第一题。

chapter04 H-O model

Factor Economies Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model Summary

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 4-4Intro Nhomakorabeauction
Recall the Ricardian Model:
2
Key terms:P77
Abundant factor scarce factor Factor abundance Factor intensity Biased expansion of production possibility Factor prices Specific factor Factor-proportions theory Budget constraint Heckcher-Ohlin Model Equalization of factor prices Leontief paradox
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 4-24
Ⅱ. Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies
H-O Theorem
Which deals with the pattern of trade The H-O Theory Factor-Price Equilibrium Theorem Which deals with the effect of trade on factors prices
Slide 4-13
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

NuMicro M4521微控制器系统设计用户指南说明书

Arm® Cortex®-M32-bit MicrocontrollerNuMicro® FamilyNuTiny-SDK-M4521User ManualThe information described in this document is the exclusive intellectual property of Nuvoton Technology Corporation and shall not be reproduced without permission from Nuvoton. Nuvoton is providing this document only for reference purposes of NuMicro microcontroller based system design. Nuvoton assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.All data and specifications are subject to change without notice.For additional information or questions, please contact: Nuvoton Technology Corporation.Table of Contents1OVERVIEW (4)2NUTINY-SDK-M4521 INTRODUCTION (5)2.1NuTiny -SDK-M4521 Jumper Description (6)2.1.1Power Setting (6)2.1.2Debug Connector (6)2.1.3USB Connector (6)2.1.4Extended Connector (6)2.1.5Reset Button (6)2.1.6Power Connector (6)2.1.7Virtual COM Port Function Switch (6)Pin Assignment for Extended Connector (8)2.22.3NuTiny-SDK-M4521 PCB Placement (16)3How to Start NuTiny-SDK-M4521 on the Keil μVision® IDE (17)3.1Keil uVision® IDE Software Download and Install (17)Nuvoton Nu-Link Driver Download and Install (17)3.23.3Hardware Setup (17)3.4Example Program (18)4How to Start NuTiny-SDK-M4521 on the IAR Embedded Workbench (19)4.1IAR Embedded Workbench Software Download and Install (19)4.2Nuvoton Nu-Link Driver Download and Install (19)4.3Hardware Setup (19)4.4Example Program (20)5Starting to Use Nu-Link-Me 3.0 VCOM Function (21)Downloading and Installing VCOM Driver (21)5.1VCOM Mode Setting on NuTiny-SDK-M4521 (22)5.25.3Setup on the Development Tool (22)5.3.1Check the Usi ng UART on the Keil μVision® IDE (22)5.3.2Check the Target Device and Debug Setting (23)5.3.3Build and Download Code to NuTiny-SDK-M4521 (25)5.3.4Open the Serial Port Terminal (25)5.3.5Reset Chip (25)6NuTiny-SDK-M4521 Schematic (27)6.1NuTiny-EVB-M4521 Schematic (27)Nu-Link-Me V3.0 Schematic (28)6.27REVISION HISTORY (29)1 OVERVIEWNuTiny-SDK-M4521 is the specific development tool for NuMicro® M4521 series. Users can use NuTiny-SDK-M4521 to develop and verify the application program easily.NuTiny-SDK-M4521 includes two portions. One is NuTiny-EVB-M4521 and the other is Nu-Link-Me. NuTiny-EVB-M4521 is the evaluation board and Nu-Link-Me is its Debug Adaptor. Thus, users do not need other additional ICE or debug equipments.2 NUTINY-SDK-M4521 INTRODUCTIONNuTiny-SDK-M4521 uses the M4521SE6AE as the target microcontroller. Figure 2-1 is NuTiny-SDK-M4521 for M4521 series, the left portion is called NuTiny-EVB-M4521 and the right portion is Debug Adaptor called Nu-Link-Me.NuTiny-EVB-M4521 is similar to other development boards. Users can use it to develop and verify applications to emulate the real behavior. The on board chip covers M4521 series features. The NuTiny-EVB-M4521 can be a real system controller to design users’ target systems.Nu-Link-Me is a Debug Adaptor. The Nu-Link-Me Debug Adaptor connects your PC's USB port to your target system (via Serial Wired Debug Port) and allows you to program and debug embedded programs on the target hardware. The Nu-Link-Me V3.0 also supports VCOM function, which gives users more flexibility when debug. To use Nu-Link-Me Debug adaptor with IAR orKeil, please refer to “Nuvoton NuMicro ® IAR ICE driver user manual “or Nuvoton NuMicro ®Keil ICE driver user manual” in detail. These two documents will be stored in the local hard disk when the user installs each driver. To use Nu-Link-Me 3.0 VCOM function, please refer to Chapter 5.VDD (JP1)Reset Button(SW1)I/O LEDPower LEDTarget ChipVirtual COM Port Function Switch (SW2)ICE Controller USB Connector (J2)ICE ControllerVCC : 3.3V or 5V (JPR1)Extended Connector (JP5, JP7)GND (JP4)Extended Connector (JP6, JP8)USB Connector (J3)Figure 2-1 NuTiny-SDK-M4521 (PCB Board)2.1NuTiny -SDK-M4521 Jumper Description2.1.1 Power Setting●JP1: V DD Voltage connecter in NuTiny-EVB-M4521●J2: USB port in Nu-Link-Me●JPR1: Select 5.0V or 3.3V for system powerX: Unused.Note*: Need to separate NuTiny-EVB-M4521 and Nu-Link-Me.2.1.2 Debug Connector●JP2: Connector in target board (NuTiny-EVB-M4521) for connecting with Nuvoton ICEadaptor (Nu-Link-Me)●JP11: Connector in ICE adaptor (Nu-Link-Me) for connecting with a target board (NuTiny-EVB-M4521)2.1.3 USB Connector●J2: Micro USB Connector in Nu-Link-Me connected to a PC USB port●J3: Micro USB Connector in NuTiny-EVB-M4521 for application use2.1.4 Extended Connector●JP5, JP6, JP7, and JP8: Show all chip pins in NuTiny-EVB-M45212.1.5 Reset Button●SW1: Reset button in NuTiny-EVB-M45212.1.6 Power Connector●JP1: V DD connector in NuTiny-EVB-M4521●JP4: GND connector in NuTiny-EVB-M45212.1.7 Virtual COM Port Function Switch●SW2: Switch SW2 on/off before power on to enable/disable VCOM function.SW2 connects pin 6(PD.0/RXD) and pin 10(PD.1/TXD) in NuTiny-EVB-M4521 with pin 22(PB.1/TXD) and pin 21(PB.0/RXD) in Nuvoton ICE adaptor (Nu-Link-Me V3.0). SW2connects pin 30(VCOM) in Nuvoton ICE adaptor (Nu-Link-Me V3.0) to GND to enable VCOM function.Enable VCOM ModeX: Unused.2.2Pin Assignment for Extended ConnectorNuTiny-EVB-M4521 provides M4521SE6AE on board and the extended connector for LQFP64-pin. Table 2-1 is the pin assignment for M4521SE6AE.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALNUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALNUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALNUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALTable 2-1 Pin Assignment for M45212.3NuTiny-SDK-M4521 PCB PlacementUsers can refer to Figure 2-2 for the NuTiny-SDK-M4521 PCB placement.Figure 2-2 NuTiny-SDK-M4521 PCB Placement3 HOW TO START NUTINY-SDK-M4521 ON THE KEIL ΜVISION® IDE3.1Keil uVision® IDE Software Download and InstallPlease visit the Keil company website () to download the Keil μVision®IDEand install the RVMDK.3.2Nuvoton Nu-Link Driver Download and InstallPlease visit the Nuvoton company NuMicro®website (/NuMicro) todownload “NuMicro®Keil μVision®IDE driver” file. When the Nu-Link driver has been welldownloaded, please unzip t he file and execute the “Nu-Link_Keil_Driver.exe” to install the driv er.Hardware Setup3.3The hardware setup is shown as Figure 3-1.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALFigure 3-1 NuTiny-SDK-M4521 Hardware SetupExample Program3.4This example demonstrates the ease of downloading and debugging an application on a NuTiny-SDK-M4521 board. It can be found on Figure 3-2 list directory and downloaded from Nuvoton NuMicro® website.ProjectFigure 3-2 Example DirectoryTo use this example:This sample code runs some functions about system manager controller and clock controller, and will show messages by Uart. Users can see the messages by following the steps of Chapter 5.⏹Start μVision®⏹Project-OpenOpen the SYS.uvproj project file⏹ Project - BuildCompile and link the SYS application⏹ Flash – DownloadProgram the application code into on-chip Flash ROM⏹Start debug modeUsing the debugger commands, youmay:◆ Review variables in the watchwindow◆ Single step through code◆ Reset the device◆ Run the application4 HOW TO START NUTINY-SDK-M4521 ON THE IAR EMBEDDEDWORKBENCH4.1IAR Embedded Workbench Software Download and InstallPlease connect to IAR company website () to download the IAR EmbeddedWorkbench and install the EWARM.4.2Nuvoton Nu-Link Driver Download and InstallPlease visit the Nuvoton company NuMicro®website (/NuMicro ) todownload the “NuMicro®IAR EWARM Driver” file. When the Nu-Link driver has been welldownloaded, please unzip the file and execute the “Nu-Link_Keil_Driver.exe” to install thedriver.4.3Hardware SetupThe hardware setup is shown as Figure 4-1.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALFigure 4-1 NuTiny-SDK-M4521 Hardware SetupExample Program4.4This example demonstrates the ease of downloading and debugging an application on a NuTiny-SDK-M4521 board. It can be found on Figure 4-2 list directory and downloaded fromNuvoton NuMicro ®website.ProjectFigure 4-2 Example DirectoryTo use this example:This sample code runs some functions about system manager controller and clock controller, and will show messages by Uart. Users can see the messages by following the steps of Chapter 5.⏹ Start IAR Embedded Workbench ⏹Project – Download and DebugProgram the application code into on-chip Flash ROM ⏹ File-Open-WorkspaceOpen the SYS.eww workspace file⏹Single step through code ⏹Project - MakeCompile and link the SYS application⏹ Reset the device⏹Run the application5 STARTING TO USE NU-LINK-ME 3.0 VCOM FUNCTION5.1Downloading and Installing VCOM DriverPlease connect to Nuvoton NuMicro®website (/NuMicro) to downloadthe “NuMicro®ICP Programming Tool” file. After the ICP Programming Tool driver isdownloaded, please unzip the file and execute the “ICP Programming Tool.exe”. Simply followthe installation and optional steps to install ICP Programming Tool and Nu-Link USB Driver,which included VCOM driver.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALFigure 5-1 Optional Step after ICP Programming Tool InstallationFigure 5-2 Install Nuvoton COM&LPT DriverFigure 5-3 Install Nuvoton Universal Serial Bus Controllers5.2VCOM Mode Setting on NuTiny-SDK-M4521Before the NuTiny-SDK-M4521 is connected to the PC, please enable SW2 VCOM function by switching on SW2. The NuTiny-EVB-M4521 transmits through UART0 to VCOM to send outdata. Switch SW2 off when using UART0 function without VCOM function.After connected USB port in Nu-Link-Me to the PC, user can find a “Nuvoton Virtual Com Port”from Device Manager as Figure 5-4.Figure 5-4 Nuvoton Virtual Com Port5.3Setup on the Development ToolThe example is demonstrated on the Keil μVision® IDE.5.3.1 Check the Using UART on the Keil μVision® IDEPlease open the project and find system_M4521.h (which can be found in \\M4521_BSP_CMSIS_V3.00.000\Library\Device\Nuvoton\M4521\Include) to check the using UART in DEBUG_PORT. The setting has to be the same as the using UART in the NuTiny-EVB-M4521.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALFigure 5-5 The Using UART on Keil μVision®IDE5.3.2 Check the Target Device and Debug SettingThe target device has to be the same as the setting in Debug. Please click “Target Option ” to open the Option windows, and find the setting in “Device ”, “Debug ”, and “Utilities ” page. Please follow the steps below to check the setting.5.3.3 Build and Download Code to NuTiny-SDK-M4521Please build the project and download code to NuTiny-SDK-M4521.5.3.4 Open the Serial Port TerminalUser can use serial port terminal, PuTTY for example, to print out debug message.NUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALFigure 5-6 Set Baud Rate5.3.5 Reset ChipAfter pushing the reset button, the chip will reprogram application and print out debug message.Figure 5-7 Serial Port Terminal WindowsNotice: Please switch SW2 on before the NuTiny-SDK-M4521 connects to the PC. When the NuTiny-SDK-M4521 connects to the PC with SW2 switch on, PC will detect VCOM as a USB device and the detection will only be processed once. VCOM will not function if switch on SW2 after the connection.6 NUTINY-SDK-M4521 SCHEMATIC6.1NuTiny-EVB-M4521 SchematicNUTINY-SDK-M4521 USER MANUALNu-Link-Me V3.0 Schematic 6.27 REVISION HISTORY2018.11.28 1.00 1. Initially issued.Important NoticeNuvoton Products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in systems or equipment, any malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life, bodily injury or severe property damage. Such applicat ions are deemed, “Insecure Usage”.Insecure usage includes, but is not limited to: equipment for surgical implementation, atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, the control or operation of dynamic, brake or safety systems designed for vehicular use, traffic signal instruments, all types of safety devices, and other applications intended to support or sustain life.All Insecure Usage shall be made at customer’s risk, and in the event that third parties lay claims to Nuvoton as a result of customer’s Insecure Usage, customer shall indemnify the damages and liabilities thus incurred by Nuvoton.。

SW-CMM模型

• 不断改进:
– 为增强其过程能力，不断改善其项目的过程性能。
软件过程改进方法与实践案例
王安生
4.3 等级可视性和可预测性讨论
• 4.3.1 等级1 • 4.3.2 等级2 • 4.3.3 等级3 • 4.3.4 等级4 • 4.3.5 等级5
软件过程改进方法与实践案例
王安生
等级1的可视性和可预测性
• 从项目层面上， – 每个项目均可以依据项目的具体情况，对组织层面上的标准软件过程进行剪裁(tailor)，从而得到适合于具体项目的软件过程，并经过批准。 – 在项目的执行过程中，依据计划、管理、技术、产品工程等方面综合地对项目实施集成管理。
• “标准化和一致性”： – “标准化”说明每个项目都必须遵循企业的过程标准，依据项目的情况进行剪裁，并得到批准。 – “一致性”说明企业或组织中所使用的术语、概念、方法得到了统一。
软件过程改进方法与实践案例
王安生
4.2.1 初始级
•• 1有水1有水..经平软经平软过的件过的件定软项定软项义件目义件目的开的的开的过发层过发层程队面程队面。伍上。伍上，项。项。，软目目软件的的件过成成过程功功程处，，处于完完于无全全无序依依序甚赖赖甚至于于至混有有混乱经经乱的验验的状的的状态软软态，件件，基经经基本理理本上及及上没高高没 –– “组“组好好的的朋朋加加友友班班的的、、、、不不哥哥计计们们报报式式酬酬的的式式体体的的系系工工””在作在作项模项模目式目式的是的是管支管支理持理持中项中项起目起目着的着的非最非最常关常关重键重键要因要因的素的素作。作。用用。。项项目目
•• 2立2立..基在基在本组本组软织软织件(件(企企过过业业程程))层层，，面面但但上上是是，，常常还还常常没没不不有有能能建建有有立立效效最最的的基基实实本本施施的的。。软软件件过过程程，，或或者者虽虽已已建建 –– 高使高使层软层软管件管件理项理项者目者目总组总组是被是被将动将动最应最应乐付乐付观。观。的的进进度度、、费费用用、、质质量量等等计计划划下下达达给给项项目目组组，，迫迫 –– 良良好好的的软软件件工工程程实实践践难难以以在在各各项项目目小小组组实实施施和和展展开开。。

《逻辑与计算机设计基础》(原书第五版)课后习题答案-chapter03_solutions-5th

If odd parity is chosen, then an alternative result for Z is:
Z X1 X 2 X3
X1 X2 X3 Z 0000 0011 0101 0110 1001 1010 1100 1111
3-7.+
ABCD 0000 0001 0011 0010 0110 0111 0101 0100 1100 1101 1111 1110 1010 1011 1001 1000
S0 BCD BCD AB ACD ABCD S1 AB AB ACD BCD S2 ABC ABD
A B C DWX Y Z
00000011
00010100
00100101
00110110
01000111
01011000
01101001
01111010
10001011
10011100
b) W = X1(X2 X3 X4 + X5 X9 X13 + X6 X11 X15) + X7(X5 X6 X8 + X3 X11 X15 + X4 X10 X13) + X9 X10 X 11 X12 + X13 X14 X15 X16 + X2 X6 X10 X14 + X4 X8 X12 X16 Gate Inpu11
F =FX=Z X+ZXY+ +XYYZ+ YZ
TfohriTcsthhaieisrsrftyiuhsletflhsoaaedrmdstaehemref.uefnufcultlinoacndt.iadosentrhaes tchaerry
Z
C

PyTorch 安装指南：Jetson 平台说明书

Installing PyTorch For Jetson PlatformInstallation GuideTable of Contents Chapter 1. Overview (1)1.1. Benefits of PyTorch for Jetson Platform (1)Chapter 2. Prerequisites and Installation (3)2.1. Installing Multiple PyTorch Versions (3)2.2. Upgrading PyTorch (4)Chapter 3. Verifying The Installation (5)Chapter 4. Uninstalling (6)Chapter 5. Troubleshooting (7)Chapter 1.OverviewPyTorch on Jetson PlatformPyTorch (for JetPack) is an optimized tensor library for deep learning, using GPUs and CPUs. Automatic differentiation is done with a tape-based system at both a functional and neural network layer level. This functionality brings a high level of flexibility, speed as a deep learning framework, and provides accelerated NumPy-like functionality. These NVIDIA-provided redistributables are Python pip wheel installers for PyTorch, with GPU-acceleration and support for cuDNN. The packages are intended to be installed on top of the specified version of JetPack as in the provided documentation.Jetson AGX XavierThe NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier developer kit for Jetson platform is the world's first AI computer for autonomous machines. The Jetson AGX Xavier delivers the performance of a GPU workstation in an embedded module under 30W.Jetson AGX OrinThe NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit includes a high-performance, power-efficient Jetson AGX Orin module, and can emulate the other Jetson modules. You now have up to 275 TOPS and 8X the performance of NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier in the same compact form-factor for developing advanced robots and other autonomous machine products. Jetson Xavier NXThe NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX brings supercomputer performance to the edge in a small form factor system-on-module. Up to 21 TOPS of accelerated computing delivers the horsepower to run modern neural networks in parallel and process data from multiple high-resolution sensors — a requirement for full AI systems.1.1. Benefits of PyTorch for JetsonPlatformOverview Installing PyTorch for Jetson Platform provides you with the access to the latest version of the framework on a lightweight, mobile platform.Chapter 2.Prerequisites andInstallationBefore you install PyTorch for Jetson, ensure you:1.Install JetPack on your Jetson device.2.Install system packages required by PyTorch:sudo apt-get -y update;sudo apt-get -y install autoconf bc build-essential g++-8 gcc-8 clang-8 lld-8 gettext-base gfortran-8 iputils-ping libbz2-dev libc++-dev libcgal-dev libffi-dev libfreetype6-dev libhdf5-dev libjpeg-dev liblzma-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libpng-devlibreadline-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev libxml2-dev libxslt-dev locales moreutils openssl python-openssl rsync scons python3-pip libopenblas-dev;Next, install PyTorch with the following steps:1.Export with the following command:export TORCH_INSTALL=https:///compute/redist/jp/v511/pytorch/ torch-2.0.0+nv23.05-cp38-cp38-linux_aarch64.whlOr, download the wheel file and set.export TORCH_INSTALL=path/to/torch-2.0.0+nv23.05-cp38-cp38-linux_aarch64.whl2.Install PyTorch.python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip; python3 -m pip install aiohttp numpy=='1.19.4' scipy=='1.5.3' export "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/llvm-8/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"; python3 -m pip install --upgrade protobuf; python3 -m pip install --no-cache $TORCH_INSTALLIf you want to install a specific version of PyTorch, replace TORCH_INSTALL with:https:///compute/redist/jp/v$JP_VERSION/pytorch/ $PYT_VERSIONWhere:JP_VERSIONThe major and minor version of JetPack you are using, such as 461 for JetPack 4.6.1 or 50 for JetPack 5.0.PYT_VERSIONThe released version of the PyTorch wheels, as given in the Compatibility Matrix. 2.1. Installing Multiple PyTorch VersionsPrerequisites and Installation If you want to have multiple versions of PyTorch available at the same time, this can be accomplished using virtual environments. See below.Set up the Virtual EnvironmentFirst, install the virtualenv package and create a new Python 3 virtual environment: $ sudo apt-get install virtualenv$ python3 -m virtualenv -p python3 <chosen_venv_name>Activate the Virtual EnvironmentNext, activate the virtual environment:$ source <chosen_venv_name>/bin/activateInstall the desired version of PyTorch:pip3 install --no-cache https:///compute/redist/jp/v51/pytorch/ <torch_version_desired>Deactivate the Virtual EnvironmentFinally, deactivate the virtual environment:$ deactivateRun a Specific Version of PyTorchAfter the virtual environment has been set up, simply activate it to have access to the specific version of PyTorch. Make sure to deactivate the environment after use:$ source <chosen_venv_name>/bin/activate$ <Run the desired PyTorch scripts>$ deactivate2.2. Upgrading PyTorchTo upgrade to a more recent release of PyTorch, if one is available, uninstall the current PyTorch version and refer to Prerequisites and Installation to install the new desired release.Chapter 3.Verifying The InstallationAbout this taskTo verify that PyTorch has been successfully installed on the Jetson platform, you’ll need to launch a Python prompt and import PyTorch.Procedure1.From the terminal, run:$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/llvm-8/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH$ python32.Import PyTorch:>>> import torchIf PyTorch was installed correctly, this command should execute without error.Chapter 4.UninstallingPyTorch can easily be uninstalled using the pip3 uninstall command, as below: $ sudo pip3 uninstall -y torchChapter 5.TroubleshootingJoin the NVIDIA Jetson and Embedded Systems community to discuss Jetson platform-specific issues.NoticeThis document is provided for information purposes only and shall not be regarded as a warranty of a certain functionality, condition, or quality of a product. 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动态因果效应的估计

An ideal randomized controlled experiment 一个理想地随机对照实验
Fertilize some plots, not others (random assignment) 某些地块施肥，其他的不施肥（随机分配）
9
Dynamic Causal Effects (SW Section 15.2) 动态因果效应
In time series applications, we can’t conduct this ideal randomized controlled experiment: 在时序的应用中，我们无法进行这种理想地随机对照试验：
We only have one US OJ market …. 我们只有一个美国橙汁市场
X is strictly exogenous if E(ut|…,Xt+1,Xt,Xt–1, …) = 0
17
Exogeneity in time series regression 时序回归的外生性
Strict exogeneity implies exogeneity
严格外生性意味着外生性
This estimator (regression of Yt on Xt and lags of Xt) s called the distributed lag estimator. （Yt 对 Xt 和 Xt 滞后项回归得到的）估计量称作分布滞后估计量
14
Dynamic causal effects and the distributed lag model 动态因果效应和分布滞后模型
7
Initial OJ regression 初始的橙汁回归
Standard errors are heteroskedasticity and autocorrelationconsistent (HAC) SE’s – more on this later 标准误为异方差和自相关稳健（HAC）的——后面会详细展开

Linear Regression with One Regression

(SW Section 4.2)
How can we estimate 0 and 1 from data? Recall that Y was the least squares estimator of Y: Y solves,
min m (Yi m)2
1
n
By analogy, we will focus on the least squares (“ordinary least squares” or “OLS”) estimator of the unknown parameters 0 and 1, which solves,
min b0 ,b1 [Yi (b0 b1 X i )]2
i 1
7
n
Mechanics of OLS
The population regression line: Test Score = 0 + 1STR
Test score 1 = = ?? STR
8
The OLS estimator solves: min b ,b [Yi (b0 b1 X i )]2
How to test if the slope is zero?

Hypothesis testing:

Confidence intervals:

How to construct a confidence interval for the slope?
3
Linear Regression: Some Notation and Terminology
5
This terminology in a picture: Observations on Y and X; the population regression line; and the regression error (the “error term”):

海康威视网络录像机快速入门指南说明书

Network Video RecorderQuick Start GuideTABLE OF CONTENTSChapter1 Panels Description (8)1.1 Front Panel (8)1.2 Rear Panel (9)NVR-100H-D and NVR-100MH-D Series (9)NVR-100H-D/P and NVR-100MH-D/P Series (10)Chapter 2 Installation and Connections (11)2.1 NVR Installation (11)2.2 Hard Disk Installation (11)2.3 HDD Storage Calculation Chart (13)Chapter 3 Menu Operation (14)3.1 Startup and Shutdown (14)3.2 Activate Your Device (14)3.3 Set the Unlock Pattern for Login (15)3.4 User Login (16)3.5 Network Settings (16)3.6 Add IP Cameras (17)3.7 Live View (18)3.8 Recording Settings (18)3.9 Playback (19)Chapter 4 Accessing by Web Browser (21)Quick Start GuideCOPYRIGHT ©2019 Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.Any and all information, including, among others, wordings, pictures, graphs are the properties of Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. or its subsidiaries (hereinafter referred to be “Hikvision”). This user manual (hereinafter referred to be “the Manual”) cannot be reproduced, changed, translated, or distributed, partially or wholly, by any means, without the prior written permission of Hikvision. Unless otherwise stipulated, Hikvision does not make any warranties, guarantees or representations, express or implied, regarding to the Manual.About this ManualThis Manual is applicable to Network Video Recorder (NVR).The Manual includes instructions for using and managing the product. Pictures, charts, images and all other information hereinafter are for description and explanation only. The information contained in the Manual is subject to change, without notice, due to firmware updates or other reasons. Please find the latest version in the company website (/en/).Please use this user manual under the guidance of professionals.Trademarks Acknowledgementand other Hikvision’s trademarks and logos are the properties of Hikvision in various jurisdictions. Other trademarks and logos mentioned below are the properties of their respective owners.The terms HDMI and HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface, and the HDMI Logoare trademarks or registered trademarks of HDMI Licensing Administrator, Inc. in the United States and other countries.Legal DisclaimerTO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE PRODUCT DESCRIBED, WITH ITS HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE, IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITH ALL FAULTS AND ERRORS, AND HIKVISION MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY. IN NO EVENT WILL HIKVISION, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, OR AGENTS BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, INCLUDING, AMONG OTHERS, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF DATA OR DOCUMENTATION, IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT, EVEN IF HIKVISION HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.REGARDING TO THE PRODUCT WITH INTERNET ACCESS, THE USE OF PRODUCT SHALL BE WHOLLY AT YOUR OWN RISKS. HIKVISION SHALL NOT TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITES FOR ABNORMAL OPERATION, PRIVACY LEAKAGE OR OTHER DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CYBER ATTACK, HACKER ATTACK, VIRUS INSPECTION, OR OTHER INTERNET SECURITY RISKS; HOWEVER, HIKVISION WILL PROVIDE TIMELY TECHNICAL SUPPORT IF REQUIRED.SURVEILLANCE LAWS VARY BY JURISDICTION. PLEASE CHECK ALL RELEVANT LAWS IN YOUR JURISDICTION BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT YOUR USE CONFORMSTHE APPLICABLE LAW. HIKVISION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE IN THE EVENT THAT THIS PRODUCT IS USED WITH ILLEGITIMATE PURPOSES.IN THE EVENT OF ANY CONFLICTS BETWEEN THIS MANUAL AND THE APPLICABLE LAW, THE LATER PREVAILS.Regulatory InformationFCC InformationPlease take attention that changes or modification not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.FCC compliance: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.FCC ConditionsThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1. This device may not cause harmful interference.2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.EU Conformity StatementThis product and - if applicable - the supplied accessories too are marked with "CE" and comply therefore with the applicable harmonized European standards listed under the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU, the LVD Directive 2014/35/EU, the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.2012/19/EU (WEEE directive): Products marked with this symbol cannot be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. For proper recycling, return this product to your local supplier upon the purchase of equivalent new equipment, or dispose of it at designated collection points. For more information see: 2006/66/EC (battery directive): This product contains a battery that cannot be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. See the product documentation for specific battery information. The battery is marked with this symbol, which may include lettering to indicate cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or mercury (Hg). For proper recycling, return the battery to your supplier or to a designated collection point. For more information see: Industry Canada ICES-003 ComplianceThis device meets the CAN ICES-3 (A)/NMB-3(A) standards requirements.Applicable ModelsThis manual is applicable to the models listed in the following table.Series ModelNVR-100H-D NVR-104H-D NVR-108H-DNVR-100H-D/P NVR-104H-D/4P NVR-108H-D/8PNVR-100MH-D NVR-104MH-D NVR-108MH-DNVR-100MH-D/P NVR-104MH-D/4P NVR-108MH-D/8PSymbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.Symbol DescriptionProvides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss, performancedegradation, or unexpected results.Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, willresult in death or serious injury.Safety Instructions●Proper configuration of all passwords and other security settings is the responsibility of theinstaller and/or end-user.●In the use of the product, you must be in strict compliance with the electrical safetyregulations of the nation and region. Please refer to technical specifications for detailedinformation.●Input voltage should meet both the SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) and the Limited PowerSource with 100~240 VAC, 48 VDC or 12 VDC according to the IEC60950-1 standard. Please refer to technical specifications for detailed information.●Do not connect several devices to one power adapter as adapter overload may causeover-heating or a fire hazard.●Please make sure that the plug is firmly connected to the power socket.●If smoke, odor or noise rise from the device, turn off the power at once and unplug the powercable, and then please contact the service center.●If the POE ports of device do not comply with Limited Power Source, the additional equipmentconnected to POE ports shall have fire enclosure.●The USB interface of the /P devices can be connected with the mouse and U-flash disk storagedevice only.Preventive and Cautionary TipsBefore connecting and operating your device, please be advised of the following tips:●Ensure unit is installed in a well-ventilated, dust-free environment.●Unit is designed for indoor use only.●Keep all liquids away from the device.●Ensure environmental conditions meet factory specifications.●Ensure unit is properly secured to a rack or shelf. Major shocks or jolts to the unit as a result ofdropping it may cause damage to the sensitive electronics within the unit.●Use the device in conjunction with an UPS if possible.●Power down the unit before connecting and disconnecting accessories and peripherals.● A factory recommended HDD should be used for this device.●Improper use or replacement of the battery may result in hazard of explosion. Replace withthe same or equivalent type only. Dispose of used batteries according to the instructionsprovided by the battery manufacturer.Power Supply InstructionsUse only power supplies listed in the user instructions.NVR Models Standard Power Supply Models ManufacturerNVR-104H-D NVR-108H-D NVR-104MH-D NVR-108MH-D EuropeanMSA-C1500IC12.0-18P-DE MOSO Power Supply Technology Co., LtdADS-26FSG-12 12018EPG Shenzhen HONOR Electronic Co., LtdKL-AD3060VA Xiamen Keli Electronics Co., LtdKPD-018-VI Channel Well Technology Co., Ltd BritishADS-25FSG-12 12018GPB Shenzhen HONOR Electronic Co., LtdMSA-C1500IC12.0-18P-GB MOSO Power Supply Technology Co., LtdADS-26FSG-12 12018EPB Shenzhen HONOR Electronic Co., LtdNVR-104H-D/4PNVR-108H-D/8P NVR-104MH-D/4P NVR-108MH-D/8P UniversalMSP-Z1360IC48.0-65W MOSO Power Supply Technology Co., LtdMSA-Z1040IS48.0-65W-Q MOSO Power Supply Technology Co., LtdMSA-Z1360IS48.0-65W-QMOSO Power Supply Technology Co., Ltd●The power supplies list above is for EU countries only.●The power supplies list is subject to change without prior notice.Chapter1 Panels Description 1.1 Front PanelFigure 1-1NVR-100H-D (/P) SeriesFigure 1-2NVR-100MH-D (/P) SeriesTable 1-1Description of Front Panel No. Icon Description1 Indicator turns red when NVR is powered up.2 Indicator lights in red when data is being read from or written to HDD.3 Indicator blinks blue when network connection is functioning properly.1.2 Rear PanelNVR-100H-D and NVR-100MH-D SeriesFigure 1-3NVR-100H-D Rear PanelFigure 1-4NVR-100MH-D Rear PanelNo. Item Description1 Power Supply 12 VDC power supply.2 VGA Interface DB9 connector for VGA output. Display local videooutput and menu.3 HDMI Interface HDMI video output connector.4 USB Interface Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports for additional devicessuch as USB mouse and USB Hard Disk Drive (HDD).5 LAN Network Interface 10/100 Mbps self-adaptive Ethernet interface.6 Ground Ground (needs to be connected when NVR starts up).NVR-100H-D/P and NVR-100MH-D/P SeriesFigure 1-5NVR-100H-D/P Rear PanelFigure 1-6NVR-100MH-D/P Rear PanelTable 1-3Description of Rear Panel No. Item Description1 Power Supply 12 VDC power supply.2 VGA Interface DB9 connector for VGA output. Display local videooutput and menu.3 HDMI Interface HDMI video output connector.4 USB Interface Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports for additional devicessuch as USB mouse and USB Hard Disk Drive (HDD).5 LAN Network Interface 10/100 Mbps self-adaptive Ethernet interface.6 Ground Ground (needs to be connected when NVR starts up).7 Network Interfaces withPoE functionNetwork interfaces for the cameras and to providepower over Ethernet.4 interfaces for /4P models and 8 interfaces for /8Pmodels.Chapter 2 Installation and Connections2.1 NVR InstallationDuring installation of the NVR:●Use brackets for rack mounting.●Ensure ample room for audio and video cables.●When routing cables, ensure that the bend radius of the cables are no less than five times thanits diameter.●Connect the alarm cable.●Allow at least 2cm (≈0.75-inch) of space between racks mounted devices.●Ensure the NVR is grounded.●Environmental temperature should be within the range of -10 to +55º C, +14 to +131º F.●Environmental humidity should be within the range of 10% to 90%.2.2 Hard Disk InstallationBefore you start:Disconnect the power from the NVR before installing a hard disk drive (HDD). A factory recommended HDD should be used for this installation.Tools Required: Screwdriver.Step 1Remove the cover from the device by unfastening the screws on the bottom.Figure 2-1Remove the CoverStep 2Place the HDD on the bottom of the device and then fasten the screws on the bottom to fix the HDD.Figure 2-2Fix the HDDStep 3Connect one end of the data cable to the motherboard of NVR and the other end to the HDD.Step 4Connect the power cable to the HDD.Figure 2-3Connect CablesStep 5Re-install the cover of the NVR and fasten screws.2.3 HDD Storage Calculation ChartThe following chart shows an estimation of storage space used based on recording at one channel for an hour at a fixed bit rate.Bit Rate Storage Used96K42M128K56M160K70M192K84M224K98M256K112M320K140M384K168M448K196M512K225M640K281M768K337M896K393M1024K450M1280K562M1536K675M1792K787M2048K900M4096K 1.8G8192K 3.6G16384K 7.2GPlease note that supplied values for storage space used is just for reference. The storage values in the chart are estimated by formulas and may have some deviation from actual value.Chapter 3 Menu Operation3.1 Startup and ShutdownProper startup and shutdown procedures are crucial to expanding the life of the NVR.To start your NVR:Step 1Check the power supply is plugged into an electrical outlet. It is HIGHLY recommended that an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) be used in conjunction with the device. The Powerbutton) on the front panel should be red, indicating the device is receiving the power.Step 2Press the power switch on the panel. The Power LED should turn blue. The unit will begin to start.After the device starts up, the wizard will guide you through the initial settings, including modifying password, date and time settings, network settings, HDD initializing, and recording.To shut down the NVR:Step 1Go to Menu > Shutdown.Figure 3-1ShutdownStep 2Select Shutdown.Step 3Click Yes.3.2 Activate Your DevicePurpose:For the first-time access, you need to activate the device by setting an admin password. No operation is allowed before activation. You can also activate the device via Web Browser, SADP or client software.Step 1Input the same password in Create New Password and Confirm New Password.Step 2(Optional) Use customized password to activate and add network camera(s) connected to the device.1)Uncheck Use Channel Default Password.2)Enter a password in IP Camera Activation.Figure 3-2Set Admin PasswordSTRONG PASSWORD RECOMMENDED–We highly recommend you create a strong password of your own choosing (Using a minimum of 8 characters, including at least three of the following categories: upper case letters, lower case letters, numbers, and special characters.) in order to increase the security of your product. And we recommend you reset your password regularly, especially in the high security system, resetting the password monthly or weekly can better protect your product.Step 3Click OK.3.3 Set the Unlock Pattern for LoginAdmin can use the unlock pattern for device login.For devices with PoE function, you can draw the device unlock pattern after activation. For other devices, the unlock pattern interface will show after the first-time login.Step 1Use the mouse to draw a pattern among the 9 dots on the screen. Release the mouse when the pattern is done.Figure 3-3Draw the Pattern●Connect at least 4 dots to draw the pattern.●Each dot can be connected for once only.Step 2Draw the same pattern again to confirm it. When the two patterns match, the pattern is configured successfully.3.4 User LoginPurpose:If NVR has logged out, you must login the device before operating the menu and other functions. Step 1Select the User Name in the dropdown list.Figure 3-4LoginStep 2Input Password.Step 3Click OK.In the Login dialog box, if you enter the wrong password 7 times, the current user account will be locked for 60 seconds.3.5 Network SettingsPurpose:Network settings must be properly configured before you operate NVR over network.Step 1Enter the general network settings interface.Menu > Configuration > Network > GeneralFigure 3-5Network SettingsStep 2Configure the following settings: NIC Type, IPv4 Address, IPv4 Gateway, MTU and DNS Server.Step 3If the DHCP server is available, you can check the checkbox of DHCP to automatically obtain an IP address and other network settings from that server.Step 4Click Apply.3.6 Add IP CamerasPurpose:Before you can get live video or record the video files, you should add the network cameras to the connection list of the device.Before you start:Ensure the network connection is valid and correct, and the IP camera to add has already been activated. Please refer to the User Manual for activating the inactive IP camera.You can select one of the following three options to add the IP camera.OPTION 1:Step 1Click to select an idle window in the live view mode.Step 2Click in the center of the window to pop up the Add IP Camera interface.Figure 3-6Add IP CameraStep 3Select the detected IP camera and click Add to add it directly, and you can click Search to refresh the online IP camera manually.Or you can choose to custom add the IP camera by editing the parameters in thecorresponding text field and then click Add to add it.3.7 Live ViewIcons are provided on screen in Live View mode to indicate camera status. These icons include: Live View IconsIn the live view mode, there are icons at the upper-right corner of the screen for each channel, showing the status of the record and alarm in the channel for quick reference.Alarm (video loss, tampering, motion detection, VCA or sensor alarm)Record (manual record, continuous record, motion detection, VCA or alarm triggered record)Alarm and RecordEvent/Exception (event and exception information, appears at the lower-left corner of the screen.)3.8 Recording SettingsBefore you start:Make sure that the disk has already been installed. If not, please install a disk and initialize it. You may refer to the user manual for detailed information.Purpose:Two kinds of record types are introduced in the following section, including Instant Record andAll-day Record. And for other record types, you may refer to the user manual for detailed information.After rebooting all the manual records enabled are canceled.Step 1On the live view window, right lick the window and move the cursor to the Start Recording option, and select Continuous Record or Motion Detection Record on your demand.Figure 3-7Start Recording from Right-click MenuStep 2Click Yes in the pop-up Attention message box to confirm the settings. All the channels will start to record in the selected mode.3.9 PlaybackThe recorded video files on the hard disk can be played back in the following modes: instant playback, all-day playback for the specified channel, and playback bynormal/event/smart/tag/sub-periods/external file search.Step 1Enter playback interface.Click Menu > Playback or from the right-click menuStep 2Check the checkbox of channel(s) in the channel list and then double-click to select a date on the calendar.Step 3You can use the toolbar in the bottom part of Playback interface to control playing progress.Figure 3-8 Playback InterfaceStep 4 Select the channel(s) to or execute simultaneous playback of multiple channels.Chapter 4 Accessing by Web BrowserYou shall acknowledge that the use of the product with Internet access might be under network security risks. For avoidance of any network attacks and information leakage, please strengthen your own protection. If the product does not work properly, please contact with your dealer or the nearest service center.Purpose:You can get access to the device via web browser. You may use one of the following listed web browsers: Internet Explorer 6.0, Internet Explorer 7.0, Internet Explorer 8.0, Internet Explorer 9.0, Internet Explorer 10.0, Internet Explorer 11.0, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome. The supported resolutions include 1024*768 and above.Step 1Open web browser, input the IP address of the device and then press Enter.Step 2Login to the device.If the device has not been activated, you need to activate the device first before login.Figure 4-1Set Admin Password1)Set the password for the admin user account.2)Click OK.STRONG PASSWORD RECOMMENDED–We highly recommend you create a strong password of your own choosing (using a minimum of 8 characters, including upper case letters, lower case letters, numbers, and special characters) in order to increase the security of your product. And we recommend you reset your password regularly, especially in the high security system, resetting the password monthly or weekly can better protect your product.If the device is already activated, enter the user name and password in the login interface, and click Login.Figure 4-2LoginStep 3Install the plug-in before viewing the live video and managing the camera. Please follow the installation prompts to install the plug-in.You may have to close the web browser to finish the installation of the plug-in.After login, you can perform the operation and configuration of the device, including the live view, playback, log search, configuration, etc.03041041090702。

ccna第三学期1-7套练习题答案(最新)

ESwitching Chapter 1 - CCNA Exploration: LAN 交换和无线(版本4.0)1、分层网络设计模型中的哪一层称为互连网络的高速主干层，其中高可用性和冗余性是该层的关键？A.接入层B. 核心层C. 数据链路层D. 分布层E. 网络层F. 物理层2、分层网络设计模型中的哪一层提供了将设备接入网络的途径并控制允许那些设备通过网络进行通信？A. 应用层B. 接入层C. 分布层D. 网络层E. 核心层3、分层设计模型中的哪一层使用策略来控制网络流量的流动并通过在虚拟局域网 (VLAN) 之间执行路由功能来划定广播域的边界？A. 应用层B. 接入层C. 分布层D. 网络层E. 核心层4、从传统的公司网络架构迁移到完全融合网络后，很可能产生什么影响？A. 可将本地模拟电话服务完全外包给收费更低的提供商B. 以太网 VLAN 结构会简化C. 会形成共享的基础架构，因此只需管理一个网络。

D. QoS 问题会大大减轻5、语音数据流和视频数据流争夺带宽的问题会减轻。

应该在分层网络的哪一层或哪几层实现链路聚合?A. 仅核心层B. 分布层和核心层C. 接入层和分布层D. 接入层、分布层和核心层6、下列哪种说法正确描述了模块化交换机？A. 外形纤细B. 允许通过冗余背板进行交换机互连C. 物理特性固定D. 特性灵活多变7、下列哪项功能可在交换网络中通过合并多个交换机端口来支持更高的吞吐量？A. 收敛B. 冗余链路C. 链路聚合D. 网络直径8、在处于不同的 VLAN 中的设备间配置通信需要使用 OSI 模型中的哪个层？A. 第 1 层B. 第 3 层C. 第 4 层D. 第 5 层9、企业级交换机有哪两项特点？（选择两项。

）A. 端口密度低B. 转发速度高C. 延时水平高D. 支持链路聚合E.端口数量预先确定10、Cisco 三层式分层模型中的三层都支持哪两项功能？（选择两项。

）A. 以太网供电B. 在冗余中继链路之间进行负载均衡C. 冗余组件D. 服务质量E. 链路聚合11、网络管理员选择的交换机将在网络核心层工作。

模块化硬件 SLC 500 控制系统设备说明书

##
;## parameter word 14 (=code) on the AF101 module
##
;#############################################################################
IO_struct.io_type=5
;Address of the data area containing the
;image for parameter word 14
AF_reg14 = $8000
;Read AF101 code
IO_mphydef(1,adr(IO_struct),adr(af_sc_buf),0,status_mp2,af_ident)
Chapter 3 B&R 2003 Modules
B&R 2003 Modules
AF101
135
INIT-SP
Project: af_auto
File: InitSP : af101
Err_Ptest = 0 AF101_slot = 1 AT664_slot = 1
;#############################################################################
AF101 This task processes the screw-in modules on the AF101 adapter module. The shovel instructions required for carrying out commands on the AF101 module are defined in the INITSP.