r.w.emerson 3美国文学爱默生课件
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美国文学 课程ppt 03
A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. To be great is to be misunderstood.
Quotations for further appreciation
Special features
Mode of perception
A. Self-reliance SelfEmerson’ Emerson’s real task as a writer is to demonstrate a way of seeing in which the individual eye, free of constraints of history or culture, achieves ultimate meaning through its own perception of the sensible data of the world. Ultimate meaning for him is latent in the act of perception, in the link which perception realizes between the self and objects, not in the systemization of abstract ideas derived from the analysis of perception.
Every true man is a cause, a country, and an age; requires infinite spaces and numbers and time fully to accomplish his design; - and posterity seem to follow his steps as a train of clients.
爱默生课件
Ralph Waldo Emerson （1803-1822）
“American Confucius‖
——Abraham Lincoln
第一组：殷明雄、李雪云、殷惠敏、张艳、孙梳
目录
The literature of American Romanticism
An introduction to Ralph Waldo Emerson
Page 15
Oversoul
In New England transcendentalism, a spiritual essence or vital force in the universe in which all souls participate and that therefore transcends individual consciousness. 超灵在新英格兰超验论中，代表宇宙中的精神本质或生命 力，在这里所有的灵魂都参与进来，从而超越了个人意念 的范围
Poetry: The Rhodora
Appreciation of his major works
Page 2
The literature of American Romanticism introduction：
1、 The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature It stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803--1882)
“American Confucius‖
——Abraham Lincoln
第一组：殷明雄、李雪云、殷惠敏、张艳、孙梳
目录
The literature of American Romanticism
An introduction to Ralph Waldo Emerson
Page 15
Oversoul
In New England transcendentalism, a spiritual essence or vital force in the universe in which all souls participate and that therefore transcends individual consciousness. 超灵在新英格兰超验论中，代表宇宙中的精神本质或生命 力，在这里所有的灵魂都参与进来，从而超越了个人意念 的范围
Poetry: The Rhodora
Appreciation of his major works
Page 2
The literature of American Romanticism introduction：
1、 The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature It stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
introduction
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803--1882)
Emerson爱默生PPT简介
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• He made the acquaintance with Henry David Thoreau(梭罗)who was also an active Transcendentalist. Thoreau helped Emerson to edit the Transcendentalist journal.
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爱默生的ppt
Ralph Waldo Emerson
1.Brief introduction 2.His life 3.Transcendentalism 4.Main ideas and 3 points 5.Writing style 6.Influence
Brief introduction:
1:May 25, 1803 --April 27, 1882 2:American philosopher, poet, essayist ,public lecturer, and a leader of the Transcendentalism movement in the early19th century 3:His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s 4:The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism
1.Transcendentalism was a literary Movement that flourished during the middle 19th century(1836-1860) 2. Began as a rebellion against traditional beliefs. 3.Emphasized the importance of individual Inspiration and intuition (over-soul: the religion On an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity.) 4.Appeared in 1830, marked the maturity of American romanticism.
1.Brief introduction 2.His life 3.Transcendentalism 4.Main ideas and 3 points 5.Writing style 6.Influence
Brief introduction:
1:May 25, 1803 --April 27, 1882 2:American philosopher, poet, essayist ,public lecturer, and a leader of the Transcendentalism movement in the early19th century 3:His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s 4:The most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism
1.Transcendentalism was a literary Movement that flourished during the middle 19th century(1836-1860) 2. Began as a rebellion against traditional beliefs. 3.Emphasized the importance of individual Inspiration and intuition (over-soul: the religion On an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity.) 4.Appeared in 1830, marked the maturity of American romanticism.
Emerson-Transcendentalism常耀信-美国文学-超验主义.爱默生PPT课件
（a new way of looking at man）
•7
Features
nature is the symbol of spirit/the garment of the Oversoul
• Nature was alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. The physical world was a symbol of the spiritual.
• Spirit / Oversoul is the most important thing in the universe.
•It exists in nature and man alike and constituted the universe. •It is omnipresent (present everywhere) and omnipotent (able to do anything)
a. In Emerson's opinion, poets should function as preachers who gave directions to the mass. b. True poetry should serve as a moral purification c. The argument (or his thought or experience) should decide the form of the poem instead of traditional techniques.
•11
Transcendentalism: quotes
“Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball.”
美国文学课件(Emerson and Thoreau)PPT教学课件
• Other influences on Emerson’s later thinking included
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
– his own Unitarian-Yankee background
– his admiration for Plato and the neo-Platonism
– his study of the sacred bocks of the East
American Literature
Lecture Six
Emerson and Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
(18031882)
• Born in Boston, the son of a Unitarian (一神教的) minister who was a member of an old Puritan family.
• During a tour of Europe (1832-33), he met Carlyle, Wordsworthom he became intimately associated with the transcendental thought and its sources with the German idealism.
• After his father’s death, he was raised by his mother and an aunt, Mary Moody Emerson, a zealously pious woman who expressed her sardonically critical mind in a style her nephew admired and imitated.
• After graduation in 1821 he took over his brother’s Boston school for young ladies, although with some misgivings
Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生作品赏析 PPT
Despite the hardships, all the Emerson boys, except one, graduated from Harvard University.
In 1825 he began to study at the Harvard Divinity School, and the next year he was licensed to preach by the Middlesex Association of Ministers.
In 1829 Emerson married the seventeen-year-old Ellen Louisa Tucker, who died in 1831 from tuberculosis（肺结 核）. （ legacy/ traveling, lecturing, and writing）
Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生作品赏析
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Born in Boston, Massachusetts (the same street as the birth home of Benjamin Franklin) in May 25, 1803.
Life Story
Father passes away at age 8 and Emerson is left to support his four other brothers.
Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save fiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ances.
Emphasized individualism and rejected traditional authority.)
In 1825 he began to study at the Harvard Divinity School, and the next year he was licensed to preach by the Middlesex Association of Ministers.
In 1829 Emerson married the seventeen-year-old Ellen Louisa Tucker, who died in 1831 from tuberculosis（肺结 核）. （ legacy/ traveling, lecturing, and writing）
Ralph Waldo Emerson爱默生作品赏析
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Born in Boston, Massachusetts (the same street as the birth home of Benjamin Franklin) in May 25, 1803.
Life Story
Father passes away at age 8 and Emerson is left to support his four other brothers.
Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save fiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ances.
Emphasized individualism and rejected traditional authority.)
爱默生.ppt
Page 12
Nature
To Emerson , Nature was an essential part of life and an integral subject in his literary works. Published anonymously in 1836,the essay contains an introduction and eight brief chapters, which discuss the love of nature, the uses of nature the idealist philosophy ,
A brief introduction of Ralph Waldo Emerson
American poet, essayist, and philosopher Ralph Waldo E m e r so n was b o r n i n 1 8 0 3 i n Boston, Massachusetts（麻萨诸塞 州）. After studying at Harvard and teaching for a brief time, Emerson entered the ministry. He was appointed to the Old Second Church in his native city, but soon became an unwilling preacher（牧师）. Unable in conscience to administer the sacrament（圣礼） of the Lord's
.
Nature, Emerson believed, was often overlooked an d t ak e n fo r g r an t ed b y t h e m a ss e s . He believed mankind toiled and suffered in their desire for material pursuits, when happiness could be achieved by living a simple life.
Nature
To Emerson , Nature was an essential part of life and an integral subject in his literary works. Published anonymously in 1836,the essay contains an introduction and eight brief chapters, which discuss the love of nature, the uses of nature the idealist philosophy ,
A brief introduction of Ralph Waldo Emerson
American poet, essayist, and philosopher Ralph Waldo E m e r so n was b o r n i n 1 8 0 3 i n Boston, Massachusetts（麻萨诸塞 州）. After studying at Harvard and teaching for a brief time, Emerson entered the ministry. He was appointed to the Old Second Church in his native city, but soon became an unwilling preacher（牧师）. Unable in conscience to administer the sacrament（圣礼） of the Lord's
.
Nature, Emerson believed, was often overlooked an d t ak e n fo r g r an t ed b y t h e m a ss e s . He believed mankind toiled and suffered in their desire for material pursuits, when happiness could be achieved by living a simple life.
Ralph Waldo Emerson3
How did it come into being?
Some rich New Englanders were unhappy with their material-oriented life and formed an informal club to discuss matters concerning spiritual things.
What ideas are embodied in the image of “transparent eyeball”?
Textual Analysis
Our age is retrospective. Our age is spiritually dead. Previous generations interacted with God directly; but our age interacts with God only indirectly, by studying the past.
Emerson’s Status
Founder of the Transcendentalist movement
Major spokesman for America’s intellectual independence
Guru of American writers in the 19th cede nature according to a plan, any question we put to nature is one that nature will answer. Nature is a great system of appearances. While scientists investigate the order in nature, we wonder why this order exists at all: “to what end is nature?” — Why does nature exist? What is the purpose of nature? Science tries to find a theory of God's plan or design for creation. The key to finding this plan is abstract thought: "the most abstract truth is the most practical." Emerson now gives a list of phenomena that need explanations; the list is interesting, since they are all phenomena that combine spirit with matter.
Unit 3
Unit 3 Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)♦拉尔夫·爱默生，美国19世纪著名哲学家、文学家、思想家、演说家、散文家和诗人。
♦受欧洲浪漫主义和超验主义思想影响颇深，是新英格兰超验主义的杰出代表。
♦文学上的贡献主要在散文和诗歌上。
认为美的艺术目的在于创造，诗人不能脱离自己的时代和国家，号召美国作家写美国题材，创造出明显的美国风格，对同时代的作家如梭罗、惠特曼、艾米莉·狄金森等产生过较大影响。
♦他的哲学思想和著作对二十世纪的美国作家如德莱塞、弗罗斯特等人的影响也很明显。
他的诗简洁、有深度♦一生都热爱自然，认为人和自然之间有一种精神上的对应关系，精神存在于自然之中，让人们敞开心扉跟从自然学习，把人们引到自然的大课堂上来，人们仰头望见的不再是神秘的自然，而是一位可敬的心灵的导师。
《论自然》是超验主义宣言♦《论美国学者》抨击美国社会中的拜金主义，强调人的价值；提出学者的任务是自由而勇敢地从皮相中揭示真实，以鼓舞人、提高人、引导人；他号召发扬民族自尊心，反对一味追随外国的学说。
提出"要用自己的脚走路"，"要讲出自己的思想"。
这一演讲轰动一时，被霍尔姆斯誉为“我们的思想上的独立宣言”。
♦爱默生的作品让我们认识到另一个美国，一个远离金钱物欲、沉静自然的美国♦爱默生反对卡尔文教的命定论和唯一神教派，强调精神第一，直觉第二，主张发挥人的超验作用。
他提倡超验主义，是对美国资本主义上升时期物质主义、拜金主义的否定。
他主张个人发展，是对非人格化过程的针砭；但也成为资产阶级个人主义不择手段发展自我的理论依据♦爱默生的美学观点同其哲学思想和自然观契合一致。
他重视文艺的社会责任，指出文艺要陶冶人的情操。
美国作家要自立标帜，歌颂美国的风土人情，停止依附欧洲。
他强调诗人的“先知”作用，提出诗人对世界和自然要有更深刻的直觉认识。
诗歌创作应是内容决定形式，要摆脱传统格律的羁束。
AlitUnit3RWEmerson
The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想 超灵 宇宙
majority.
Self-reliance 论自助
It was in 1842 that Emerson published Essays, his second book, which included the famous essay, “Self-Reliance.” His aunt called it a “strange medley（混杂） of atheism and false independence," but it gained favorable reviews in London and Paris. This book, and its popular reception, more than any of Emerson's contributions to date laid the groundwork for his international fame.
爱默生 Emerson = The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism 超验主义 He was a descendent of a long line of New England clergymen牧师
American Transcendentalism As a philosophical and literary movement, American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance”) flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. It is the high tide of American romanticism and its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau. Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.
爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson ppt课件
life
• After graduation, Emerson became a school teacher in suburban Boston. In 1823, he graduated from seminary school and became a priest神 父 to follow in the footsteps of his father.
• Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save finances. Despite the hardships, all the Emerson boys, except one, graduated from Harvard University.
1847 1867 1837 1846 1847
The scholar is that man who must take up into himself all the ability of the time, all the contributions of the past, all the hopes of the future, he must be an university of knowledge.
Comment on Nature (1)
《论自然》无论是作为教义, 还是神秘思想,无论是从哲学 角度去审视它,还是用诗人的思维去欣赏它, 都是蕴涵深刻 的作品。
❖Emerson advocates man should go back nature and the primeval land where man can regain self-confidence to exert the potentiality for nature is the only infinite spring of man’s inspiration and power.
爱默生ppt-精共34页文档
谢谢你的阅读
❖ 知识就是财富 ❖ 丰富你的人生
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远，吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应，言行相称。——韩非
爱默生ppt-精
26、机遇对于有准备的头脑有特别的 亲和力 。 27、自信是人格的核心。
28、一 。没有 它，天 才也会 在矛盾 无定的 迷径中 ，徒劳 无功。- -查士 德斐尔 爵士。 29、困难就是机遇。--温斯顿．丘吉 尔。 30、我奋斗，所以我快乐。--格林斯 潘。
r.w.emerson 3美国文学爱默生课件
See more examples on page 25
Emerson and Transcendentalism
What is Transcendentalism?
• The publication of Nature (1836) marked the beginning of New England Transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism. • What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism. (Emerson) • It (idealism) beholds the whole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, … as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. (Emerson)
Thematic Concerns
• Nonconformity • Individualism 不循规蹈矩，不随波逐流 See quotes in the book…
Styles
• 1. Epigrammatic in expression of ideas • My life is for itself and not for a spectacle. • To be great is to be misunderstood.
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
爱默生课件
• 第五篇 礼物
• 第六篇 自然
• 第七篇 政治
• 第八篇 唯名论者 与唯实论者
?自然? ?先验论者? ?代表性人物? ?散文集? ?英国人的性格?
?诗集? ?五日节及其他诗? ?生活行为? ?社会与孤独? ?智力的自然史?系列 讲演 以及其他多篇演讲
19世纪30~40年代是爱默生著述最多的时期。 1836年出版了他的头一本代表作?自然?，这是他 的一部重要哲学著作，几乎包含了他所有重要的 思想胚芽，并首次系统地阐述了他的先验论思想。 1837年8月31日，爱默生在美国大学生联谊会上以? 论美国学者?为题发表演讲，鞭挞美国社会中灵魂 附属于金钱的拜金主义和资本主义劳动分工使人 异化为物的现象，强调人的价值；提出
学者的任务是自由而英勇地从皮相中提醒真实， 以鼓舞人、进步人、引导人；他号召发扬民族 自尊心，反对一味追随外国的学说。这一演讲 轰动一时，对美国民族文化的兴起产生重大的 影响，被霍尔姆斯誉为“我们的思想上的独立 宣言〞。
1838年7月15日，爱默生在哈佛神学院发表 题为?神学院致辞?的著名的演讲，提出我们只 能在自己的心灵中得到赎罪，这个观点被认
非通过经历获得的，相反，经历本身那么 是通过这类观念或必要形式而获得的，这 类观念或必要形式就是心灵本身的直觉， 也就是他所说的“先验的形式〞。这就是 说，唯物主义建立在经历之上，唯心主义 那么建立在意识之上，前者从感觉材料着 手进展思维，后者那么认为感觉不是终极 之物，感觉只给我们提供事物的表象，至 于
事物本身终究是什么，感觉那么不能作出说 明。唯物主义者所坚持的是事实、历史、环 境的力量以及人的动物性需求，唯心主义者 所坚持的那么是思想和意志的力量，还有美 感、奇迹以及个人的文化修养。爱默生认为 这两种思想方式都是自然而然地形成的，不 过唯心主义者坚信他们的思想方式属于更高 的层次。唯心主义者成认唯物主义者所肯定
爱默生简介中英文对照ppt课件
• The young Ralph Waldo Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday.Emerson was raised by his mother, with the help of the other women in the family; his aunt Mary Moody Emerson played an important role. Aunt Mary had a profound effect on Emerson. She lived with the family off and on, and maintained a constant correspondence with Emerson until her death in 1863.
6
Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in when he was
nine.In October 1817, at 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed
4
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays – Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844 – represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essays as Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Circles, The Poet and Experience. Together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid1840s Emerson's most fertile period.
6
Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in when he was
nine.In October 1817, at 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed
4
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays – Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844 – represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essays as Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Circles, The Poet and Experience. Together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid1840s Emerson's most fertile period.
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The American Scholar
• “Our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life cannot always be fed on the sere remains of foreign harvests… we will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds.”
• 2. Rich in comparison such as simile and metaphor • Why drag about this corpse of your memory, lest you contradict somewhat you have stated in this or that public place? • But the sour faces of the multitude, like their sweet faces, have no deep cause, but are put on and off as the wind blows and newspaper dirndentalists stress the importance of the individual. • “The world is nothing, the man is all”; • “Let a man then know his worth, and keep things under his feet.” • Recommended song: • “No Matter What” (Boyzone)
Emerson's Major Works
• Nature , the Bible of Transcendentalism • “Self-Reliance”, the importance of cultivating oneself • “The American Scholar”, regarded as “Declaration of Intellectual Independence” remind readers of Noah Webster →America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms.
Doctrines of Transcendentalism
• 1) The most important thing in the universe is spirit, or the Oversoul. • “Each mind lives in the Grand mind” • “There is one mind common to all individual men” • “Man is conscious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life”
Answers to the Questions
• 1. He objects to blind charity since malice and vanity might wear the coat of philanthropy. • 2. Exception rather than rule is taken by most as virtues, such as some piece of courage or charity. According to the author, however, sticking to one’s true self is the real virtue. • 3. A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. I partly agree with him since to be great is to be misunderstood. • 4. The agreement of one’s actions refer to the fact that however unlike they seem, the actions will be harmonious as long as they are of one will. The agreement is important since only in this way can people bid bye to conformity and consistency.
• 2) Nature is the garment of the Oversoul. “The lover of nature is he…who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood” His words remind you of whom? (Wordsworth) 儿童是成人之父
Quotes for Relaxation
• 机智的主要用处是教我们与没有它的人相 处得很好 。 • 超越观众的水平是极不容易的。你那拙劣 的演技一旦使观众感到满意，就很难再提 高了 。 • 快乐是一种香水，无法只倒在别人身上而 自己却不沾上一些。 • 你们认为我是命运之子：实际上，我却在 创造着自己的命运。
Thematic Concerns
• Nonconformity • Individualism 不循规蹈矩，不随波逐流 See quotes in the book…
Styles
• 1. Epigrammatic in expression of ideas • My life is for itself and not for a spectacle. • To be great is to be misunderstood.
• 3. Rich in examples • Pythagoras was misunderstood, and Socrates, and Jesus, and Luther, and Copernicus, and Galileo, and Newton, and every pure and wise spirit that ever took flesh. To be great is to be understood.
Life
• • • • Born in Boston to a clerical tradition (1803) Harvard (1817) A Unitarian minister (1826, 1829-1832) Travel around Europe (1832-1833) Wordsworth, Coleridge, Carlyle • Write essays and deliver speeches • Death (1882)
Nature
Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 站在空旷大地之上，我的头脑沐浴于欢欣的气息并 升腾于无限的空间，一切卑劣的自高自大消失无踪。 我变成一个透明的眼球；我化为乌有；我却遍览一 切；宇宙精神的湍流环绕激荡着我。我成为上帝的 一部分，我是他的微粒。
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
His Status in the World
• Father of American Civilization (Lincoln) • America’s Confucius (Lincoln) • Leader of the First Literary Renaissance
No Matter What (except)
• No matter what they tell us No matter what they do No matter what they teach us What we believe is true No matter what they call us However they attack No matter where they take us We'll find our own way back
See more examples on page 25
Emerson and Transcendentalism
What is Transcendentalism?
• The publication of Nature (1836) marked the beginning of New England Transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism. • What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism. (Emerson) • It (idealism) beholds the whole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, … as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. (Emerson)