最新版会计原理精品课件英文版chap003
大学课程《会计英语》PPT课件：Chapter 1 Unit 3
Matching
Description: Matching refers to the timing of recognition of revenues and expenses in the income statement. Under this concept, all expenses incurred in earning revenue should be recognized in the same period the revenue is recognized.
useful in accounting. Distinguish between capital expenditures and revenue
expenditures. State how materiality is related to the distinction
between capital and revenue expenditures. Explain the significance of reporting the economic
Differentiate Capital and Revenue Expenditures
Capital expenditures are expenditures expected to yield benefits beyond the current accounting period, that is, have future cash flows, and thus should be added to the plant and equipment or capital asset account.
substance of transactions, not just their form.
会计学原理英文课件 (3)
LO 1
Accrual- versus Cash-Basis Accounting
Accrual-Basis Accounting
Learning Objective 2
Explain the accrual basis of accounting.
Transactions recorded in the periods in
3-12
LO 2
ETHICS INSIGHT
Cooking the Books?
Why Accuracy Krispy Kreme (USA) Matters
Allegations of abuse of the revenue recognition principle have become all too common in recent years. For example, it was alleged that Krispy Kreme (USA) sometimes doubled the number of doughnuts shipped to wholesale customers at the end of a quarter to boost quarterly results. The customers shipped the unsold doughnuts back after the beginning of the next quarter for a refund. Conversely, Computer Associates International (USA) was accused of backdating sales—that is, reporting a sale in one period that did not actually occur until the next period in order to achieve the earlier period’s sales targets.
会计学原理PrinciplesofAccountingppt课件
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1.3.2会计目标
（一） 企业信息的外部使用者 （1）投资者——最主要的使用人。企业盈利能力如何？是否值得投资。 （2）债权人。是否要贷款给这家公司？利息收取多少？该公司能否根据合
约还本付息？是否需要提供担保？ （3）税务部门。公司依法应缴多少税？是否依法纳税？来年的纳税前景如
赖程度如何？能否根据合约按时支付货款？ （7）客户。公司能否继续生存？产品定价是否合理？产品更新换代的打算
如何？ （8）中介机构
25
1.3.2会计目标
（二）会计信息的内部使用者 指企业内部各阶层的管理人员，包括公司董事会成员，公司经理、 公司计划、财务、供应、市场等方面的管理人员以及车间部门的负 责人等。 公司职工也属于内部使用者，他们需要考虑的问题是公司是否有 能力按劳付酬？公司的财务状况与获利能力是否足以保障就业？公 司是否在劳动保护方面花了必要或足够的钱？公司是否有能力不断 提高职工福利待遇？
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1.4.2会计核算前提（会计假设）
是对会计领域中某些无法加以论证的事物，根据客观、正常的 情况作出的判断，是全部会计工作的基础，是组织会计核算工作的 前提。 一、会计主体
1.可反映代理理论中的受托责任 2.会计所服务的特定对象，空间范围 3.凡是实行独立核算的经济实体 4.与法人的区别
二、持续经营 1.时间无限性 2.可合理确定六要素的内容
某一历史阶段的会计发展状况、水平与进步，从始到终受到 这一历史阶段会计环境的推动和制约。
6
1.1.1会计环境变化对会计的影响
会计环境的构成要素
经济因素
政治法律因素 科学技术因素 文化教育因素
7
1.1.1会计环境变化对会计的影响
最新版会计原理精品课件英文版chap004
At the end of the period: Adjust revenues and expenses.
Prepare financial statements. Disseminate statements to users.
4-3
Purpose of Adjustments
Revenues are recorded when earned. Expenses are recorded when incurred.
4-6
Matrix, Inc. Unadjusted Trial Balance At December 31, 2009 Description Cash $ Accounts receivable Inventory Equipment Accumulated depreciation - equip. Furniture and fixtures Accumulated depreciation - furn. & fix. Accounts payable Notes payable Note that Common stock total debits = Retained earnings, 12/31/08 total credits Sales revenue Cost of goods sold Operating expenses Totals $ Debit 3,900 4,985 3,300 4,800 $ 6,600 2,200 2,985 4,000 10,000 1,760 35,000 27,500 6,300 57,385 $ 57,385
Adjustments, Financial Statements, and the Quality of Earnings
会计英语(第三版)ppt课件
receivable 应收款项
prepaid expense 预付费用
最新版整理ppt
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payable 应付款项
investment 投资
unearned revenue 预收收入
withdrawal 提存
最新版整理ppt
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temporary account 暂时账户
financial leverage 财务杠杆
最新版整理ppt
22
Chapter 3
最新版整理ppt
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time period 会计期间
fiscal year 财政年度
calendar year 日历年度
natural business year
自然经营年度
最新版整理ppt
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复合分录
最新版整理ppt
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general journal 普通日记账
posting 过账
accounting cycle 会计循环
trial balance 试算表
最新版整理ppt
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adjustment 账项调整
adjusted trial balance
调整后试算表
Depreciation 折旧
Going-concern 持续经营
最新版整理ppt
7
Stable-monetaryunit
货币计量单位
Full-disclosure principle
充分披露原则
Matching principle 配比原则
Consistency principle 一贯性原则
会计英语
第三版
最新版整理ppt
最新版会计原理精品课件英文版accountment原创
【原创】Debit & Credit 入门讲解作者：舒楚巍Debit & Credit 入门讲解【原创】Debit & Credit 是会计学中非常重要的内容，同时使用起来也很让人头疼.在这里我想以最直白的逻辑和简单的语言阐释给大家，不足之处请谅解并指出。
开始之前，请忘记之前学过的debit 和 credit吧，所有关于逻辑上的理解，字面上的理解还有口诀上的理解请暂时放下，没学过更好，看完下面的讲解，你就能明白其中的原理和规则.下面进入正题：一切的一切都源自这个公式：Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity（如果这个时候你联想到了任何关于debit 和 credit 相关的东西，请赶快将你的脑瓜清零）拓展该等式：Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Retained Earnings继续拓展：Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Revenues –Expenses –Dividends（这个时候你需要做的就是把这个式子的每项熟记于心，包括每项的正负号）再拓展：左边 = cash + (account receivable –AFDA) + notes receivable + inventory* + prepaid ins urance + land + (buildings –accumulated amortization of buildings) + (equipments & to ols –accumulated amortization of equipment & tools) + Other assets(e.g. Goodwill, etc.)右边 = Liabilities + Capital + Revenues –Expenses –Dividends上面这个详细的拓展公式你只需要注意它们的符号，通篇看懂之后再去记. 在accounting 里面这个公式还可以继续拓展延伸，在这里作为入门讲解就不多说了.接下来要做的就是移项，等式左右两边每项必须是正号.这个工作在大脑里做就够了.如果你现在看到式子左边带负号的项就自动把它当成右边的项看待，右边同样对待的话，你就可以继续往下了.现在，正式引入 debit & credit 的概念，和借贷并无直接的逻辑关系，只是一个约定俗成的叫法而已，所以不要用它们的字面意思往等式任何一项上套.简单的几点：Debit 缩写 Dr.Credit 缩写 Cr.书写上，Dr.在左，Cr.在右（general ledger 和 journal entries 的格式有少许差异，自己goo gle一下吧）回忆刚才你脑海里那个左右两边只有正号的式子里.式子里面每项都能够写成以下形式：XXXXDebit CreditOK. 重点来了. 前提不变，仍然是那个左右两边只有正号的式子如果等式左边的项增加了，记在Debit 下；如果等式右边的项增加了，记在 Credit 下；对应地：如果等式左边的项减少了，记在Credit下；如果等式右边的项减少了，记在 Debit下；容易吧. 那就记住，别弄混了.补充几个常识：1. 用debit & credit 的时候没有负号2. 每个entry 里面的debit = creditExample:花了$10000 买了台机器Dr. Equipment $10000Cr. Cash $10000最最基本的原理讲完了,多在脑子里重复几遍就记住了. 现在来些激烈的.我们学accounting 以来一直都以这个等式恒等为前提. 换句话说：如果只有等式左边正号的两项变化，那么一定是一加一减.以此类推，这些都不用我讲的.。
会计学原理英文ppt课件Chapter-03ADJUSTING-ACCOUNTS-AND-PREPARING-FINANCIAL-STATEMENTS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 4
C2
ACCRUAL BASIS VS. CASH BASIS
Insurance Expense 2009
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
$May
$Jun
$Jul
$Aug
$Sep
$Oct
$Nov
$Dec
$ - $ - $ - $ 100
Insurance Expense 2010
and $1,100 in 2011. The expense is matched with the periods benefited by the insurance coverage.
Slide 5
C2
RECOGNIZING REVENUES &
EXPENSES
Revenue Recognition Principle
Framework for Adjustments
Adjustments
Paid (or received) cash before expense (or revenue) recognized
Paid (or received) cash after expense (or revenue) recognized
life for $8,000 cash.
Let’s record depreciation expense for the month ended December 31, 2009.
Dec. 2009
$26,000 - $8,000
Depreciation =
= $375 per month
Expense
会计学英文版ppt课件
accounts within the chart of accounts are numbered for use
as references.
Balance Sheet Accounts
accounts.
Prepare an unadjusted trial
balance and explain how it can be used to discover errors.
Using Accounts to Record Transactions
As a result,accounting systems are designed to show the increases and decreases in each accounting equation element as a separate record.This record is
accounts.
Describe and illustrate
journalizing transaction using the double-entry
accounting system.
Describe and illustrate the journalizing and
posting of transactions to
Examples ——wages expense, rent expense, utilities expense, supplies expense, and miscellaneous expense.
A chart of accounts should meet the needs of a company’s
会计学原理英文版
会计学原理英文版Accounting PrinciplesIntroductionAccounting principles refer to the fundamental concepts and guidelines that underpin the field of accounting. These principles provide a framework for recording, reporting, and analyzing financial transactions and information. They help ensure consistency and comparability in financial statements, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions.The Accounting EquationAt the core of accounting principles is the accounting equation, which states that assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity. This equation forms the basis for maintaining balance in financial records. It expresses the relationship between resources owned by the business (assets), the sources of funding for those resources (liabilities), and the owners' claims to those resources (equity).Double-Entry SystemThe double-entry system is another key accounting principle. It requires that every transaction be recorded with equal debits and credits in the accounting records. This system ensures that the accounting equation remains in balance and enables the detection and correction of errors.Revenue RecognitionRevenue recognition is an important accounting principle used to determine when and how to recognize revenue. According to this principle, revenue should be recognized when it is both earned and realizable. This means that revenue is recognized when the company has fulfilled its obligations to provide goods or services and can reasonably expect to receive payment.Expense RecognitionExpense recognition, also known as matching principle, requires that expenses be recorded in the same period as the related revenues. This principle ensures that expenses are matched with the revenues they help generate, providing a more accurate depiction of the financial performance of a business.ConservatismThe principle of conservatism guides accountants to be cautious and to err on the side of understating rather than overstating assets and revenues. This principle helps prevent overvaluing assets and inflating financial results, promoting transparency and reliability. MaterialityThe materiality principle suggests that financial information should be reported if its omission or misstatement could influence the economic decisions of users. This principle recognizes that not all information is equally significant and allows for the omission of immaterial details to avoid unnecessary clutter in financialstatements.Going ConcernThe going concern principle assumes that a business will continue to operate indefinitely unless there is evidence to the contrary. This principle allows accountants to prepare financial statements under the assumption that the company will continue its operations in the foreseeable future, except when liquidation or cessation of operations is imminent.ConclusionAccounting principles provide a foundation for accurate and reliable financial reporting. By adhering to these principles, accountants ensure consistency, comparability, and transparency in financial statements, enabling stakeholders to evaluate a company's financial position and make informed decisions. Understanding and applying these principles is essential for anyone involved in the field of accounting.。
第3章 Financial Statements《会计英语》PPT课件
Total Assets
133 500
68 000
$350 000
Unit 1 Balance Sheet
Exhibit 3-1-1A balance sheet in report form
ABC Co. LTD
Balance Sheet
December 31, 20
Liabilities & Owners’Equity
$225 000
45 000
270 000
350 000
Unit 1 Balance Sheet
Exhibit 3-1-2 A balance sheet in account form
ABC Co. LTD
Balance Sheet
December 31, 20_ _
Assets
Cash
Accounts Receivable
ABC Co. LTD
Balance Sheet
December 31, 20
Assets
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Supplies
$20 500
65 000
1 500
Cleaning Equipment
39 000
Delivery Equipment
22 500
Buildings
business arrived at this financial position.
Unit 1 Balance Sheet
➢FORMAT OF BALANCE SHEET. The balance sheet may be arranged in
either account form or report form.
财务管理英文第十三版ch3_sheenabsxu.pptx
Simple Interest
Interest paid (earned) on only the original amount, or principal, borrowed (lent).
=$1,000,000 * 10.835
= $10,835,000
You need $30,000 in cash to buy a house 4 years from today. You expect to earn 5 percent on your savings. How much do you need to deposit today if this is the only money you save for this purpose?
◦ FVn=PV0 (FVIFi,n) ◦ (FVIFi,6) = FV6/PV0
= 120,000/74,300
= 1.615
i= 8.3%
An Annuity represents a series of equal payments (or receipts) occurring over a specified number of equal distant periods.
= $6,210.00 [Due to Rounding]
If you invest $1,000 today, you will receive $3,000 in exactly 8 years. What is the compound interest rate implicit in this situation?
会计原理与实务-中英本科班-课件
审计程序应确保：
会计报表是根据公认会计准则和指 南进行编制的，能真实和公允地反映一 个企业的财务状况。
比如，
所有的会计分录都是正确和客观的。 这就要求必须避免对经济事项的错误
反映和对会计报表的“粉饰”。
“粉饰”，
是指故意扩 大会计报表 的正面因素， 以取得竞争 优势。
比如，人 为地提高利 润、降低费 用支出…
例如，可以用电子数据表来编制预计资产负债表、利润 表、现金预算表„
（二.）会计电算化的优缺点：
优点：
•
1.)非专业人员也可
以使用会计电算化软件包；
•
2.）可以快速地处理大
量数据；
•
3.）会计电算化系统下的
计算比手工计算更为精确；
• 4.）只要输入数据，会计
电算化系统可以很快地分析数
据，为管理者提供更为有用的
7.融资功能
这是为企业经营活动筹集资 金的一种会计职能。
财务主管，应经常检查公司的财务状况，研究资本市场， 以确定是否有可能降低企业借款的成本，或以更低的利率筹 集资金„„对改善企业资本结构提出建议。
企业可选择的筹资方式：
通过配股发行更多的普通股、 发行更长期限的债券、 以更低的利率重新调整现有的借款、 „„
1.内部信息使用者：
•
1.）公司经理、
•
2.）公司董事；
•
3.) 员工、
• （有时候也包括股东）
2.外部信息使用者：
•
主要是商业团体，包括：
•
1.）客户、
•
2.）供应商、
•
3.) 竞争对手、
•
4.）税务部门、政府及其部门、
• 5.）债权人、分析师、公众„„
会计学原理(双语)IPPTChap002
2 - 17
P1 Balance Account Column
T-accounts are useful illustrations, but balance column ledger accounts are used in practice.
2 - 18
The chart of accounts is a list of all accounts and includes an identifying number for each account.
2 - 11
C4
Debits and Credits
A T-account represents a ledger account and is a tool used to understand the effects of one or more transactions.
Cash
Asset Accounts
Supplies
Accounts Receivable
Notes Receivable
Prepaid Accounts
2-7
C2
Liability Accounts
Accounts Payable
Accrued Liabilities
Liability Accounts
2 - 12
C 4 Double-Entry Accounting
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
2 - 13
C 4 Double-Entry Accounting
Here is the expanded accounting equation showing the equity section.
会计学原理英文课件 (3)
Companies recognize revenues when they perform services (rather than when they receive cash).
Expenses are recognized when incurred (rather than when paid).
3-12
LO 2
ETHICS INSIGHT
Cooking the Books?
Why Accuracy Krispy Kreme (USA) Matters
Allegations of abuse of the revenue recognition principle have become all too common in recent years. For example, it was alleged that Krispy Kreme (USA) sometimes doubled the number of doughnuts shipped to wholesale customers at the end of a quarter to boost quarterly results. The customers shipped the unsold doughnuts back after the beginning of the next quarter for a refund. Conversely, Computer Associates International (USA) was accused of backdating sales—that is, reporting a sale in one period that did not actually occur until the next period in order to achieve the earlier period’s sales targets.
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How are these activities recognized and measured?
How are these activities reported on the income statement?
3-2
The Operating Cycle
Begin
Purchase or manufacture products or supplies on credit.
$
884,000 117,000 1,001,000 425,000 164,000 314,000 903,000 98,000 1,000 (3,000) 96,000 33,000 63,000 1.96
Operating Activities
Peripheral Activities
$ $
3-6
3-4
Elements on the Income Statement
Revenues Increases in assets or settlement of liabilities from ongoing operations. Expenses Decreases in assets or increases in liabilities from ongoing operations. Gains Increases in assets or settlement of liabilities from peripheral transactions. Losses Decreases in assets or increases in liabilities from peripheral transactions.
$
Cost of sales (used inventory)
884,000 117,000 1,001,000 425,000 164,000 314,000 903,000 98,000 1,000 (3,000) 96,000 33,000 63,000 1.96
Operating Decisions and the Income Statement
Chapter 3
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Understanding the Business
How do business activities affect the income staterimary Operating Activity is selling pizza and selling franchises.
Papa John's International, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statement of Income For the Year Ended December 31, 2006 (dollars in thousands) Revenues Restaurant and commissary sales Franchise royalties and development fees Total revenues Costs and expenses Cost of sales Salaries and benefits expense General and administrative expenses Total costs and expenses Operating income Other revenues and gains (expense and losses) Investment income Interest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Earnings per share
Papa John’s Primary Operating Expenses
Papa John's International, Inc. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statement of Income For the Year Ended December 31, 2006 (dollars in thousands) Revenues Restaurant and commissary sales Franchise royalties and development fees Total revenues Costs and expenses Cost of sales Salaries and benefits expense General and administrative expenses Total costs and expenses Operating income Other revenues and gains (expense and losses) Investment income Interest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income Earnings per share
Pay suppliers. Deliver product or provide service to customers on credit. Receive payment from customers.
3-3
The Operating Cycle
Time Period: The long life of a company can be reported over a series of shorter time periods. Recognition Issues : When should the effects of operating activities be recognized (recorded)? Measurement Issues: What amounts should be recognized?