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高考英语一轮复习Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour夯基提能作业新人教版必修4

Unit 3 A taste of En glish humouri •阅读理解A（2017课标全国n ,B）I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy andthe Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn ' t want me for thefilm —it wan ted somebody as well known as Paul —he stood up for me. I don ' t know how many people would have done that; they would have liste ned to their age nts or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experienee of making that film and The Sting four yearslater had its root in the fact that although there was an age differenee, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digginginto the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of America n actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other —but always with an un derly ing affectio n. Those were also at the core（核心、）of our relati on ship off thescree n.We shared the belief that if you ' re fortun ate eno ugh to have success, you should putsomething back —he with his Newman ' s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn ' t see each other all that regularly, but shari ng that brought us together. We supported each other finan cially and by show ing up at even ts.I last saw him a few mon ths ago. He ' d bee n in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we did n ' t talk about it. Ours was a relati on ship that did n ' t n eeda lot of words.I. Why was the studio un willi ng to give the role to the author at first?A. Paul Newma n wan ted it.B. The studio power s did n ' t like his age nt.C. He was n' t famous eno ugh.D. The director recomme nded some one else.2. Why did Paul and the author have a last ing frien dship?A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C. They were both good actors.D. They had similar characteristics.3. What does the underlined word “ that ” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4. What is the author ' s purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.BA culture ' s values can be mirrored by its humor. Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes, who disliked humor, “ Laughter is nothi ng else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than others. ” He thought humor to bea negative quality of human narrow-mindedness.However, Mordechai Gordon, Ph.D. of Education, insists, “ Humor allows us to view the world f rom an angle that is amusing rather than serious. ” I agree with Gordon. Learning to lookat the world through humor is important.In the United States, every four years an election occurs. Without humor as a way to express their feelings, how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming?Television shows like“ The Daily Show ” have become important parts of American culture. They are mothering the masses by metaphorically （隐喻地） airplane-ing politics intoour mouths. They make politics fun.Of course, politics is only one type of humor. Social humor helps people through the twists and turns of the human condition. American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image. On the topic of self-image, Hari Kondabolu stands out. He has a joke about the popular musical group “The Pussycat Dolls ”, describing their hitsong “Don' t Cha ” as a negative representation of women. He points out an obvious offence in American culture.A study from Loyola Un iversity of Maryla nd has show n that humor is one determ ining factorfor selecting a mating partner. Amongst other things, mates look for an outstanding funny bonein a potential partner.Of course, humor is not always used for good purposes. Humor can be lin ked to vulgarity（庸俗）and racism, but, like everything else, it has potential to unite humanbeings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves, our failures and our connection with one ano ther.Though life may seem tough and depressing at times, all I have to do is look in the mirrorat my in creased wrin kles （皱纹）to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chapl in was n' t aware of.With that in mind, remember to laugh with huma nity and sometimes at huma ni ty.5. Hobbes believed that humor _________ .A. was only a way to laugh at others to make on eself feel betterB. resulted in n arrow-min ded ness of huma n beingsC. had the power to mirror personal glory and national valuesD. was for people to view the world from ano ther an gle6. What is the author ' s attitude towards political humor?A.Worried.B.Disappo in ted.C.Curious.D.Appreciative.7. The fourth paragraph is developed mai nly _____ .A.by exampleB.by processC.by comparis onD.by classificati on8. What can we lear n from the last two paragraphs?A. Chaplin wasn ' t aware of being laughed at.B. The author feels helpless and sad about getting older.C. Never be the one who laughs at other people.D. The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor.n.语法填空（2017广西高三5月考前模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

高考化学大一轮复习专题二第2讲离子反应夯基提能作业

第2讲离子反应A 组基础题组1.(2018湖北荆州第一次质量检查)下列反应的离子方程式正确的是( )A.碳酸钠溶液中滴入少量盐酸:2H ++C O 32- H 2O+CO 2↑B.硫酸铝溶液中加入过量氨水:Al 3++4OH-Al O 2-+H 2OC.碳酸氢钠溶液中滴入少量氢氧化钡溶液:2HC O 3-+Ba 2++2OH -BaCO 3↓+CO 32-+2H 2OD.FeS 溶于稀硝酸:FeS+2H+H 2S↑+Fe 2+答案 C 碳酸钠溶液中滴入少量盐酸,发生反应的离子方程式为C O 32-+H +HC O 3-,A 项错误;NH 3·H 2O 属于弱碱,书写离子方程式时不能拆写成离子,且Al(OH)3不溶于氨水,B 项错误;氢氧化钡少量,因此氢氧化钡的化学计量数为1,离子方程式为2HC O 3-+Ba 2++2OH-BaCO 3↓+C O 32-+2H 2O,C 项正确;硝酸具有强氧化性,将FeS 氧化生成Fe 3+和S O 42-,D 项错误。

2.(2018江苏单科,7,2分)下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是 ( )2CO 3 溶液与CaSO 4 固体反应: C O 32-+CaSO 4CaCO 3+S O 42-3和NaI 的混合溶液:I -+I O 3-+6H+I 2+3H 2OC.KClO 碱性溶液与Fe(OH)3反应: 3ClO -+2Fe(OH)32Fe O 42-+3Cl -+4H ++H 2OD.电解饱和食盐水: 2Cl -+2H+Cl 2↑+H 2↑答案 A 本题考查离子方程式的正误判断及元素化合物的性质。

CaCO 3是难溶物,CaSO 4是微溶物,向饱和Na 2CO 3溶液中加CaSO 4固体,固体CaSO 4会转化为更难溶的CaCO 3沉淀,A 项正确;酸化的NaIO 3和NaI 的混合溶液反应的离子方程式为5I -+I O 3-+6H+3I 2+3H 2O,B 项错误;KClO 碱性溶液与Fe(OH)3反应的离子方程式为3ClO -+2Fe(OH)3+4OH-2Fe O 42-+3Cl -+5H 2O,C 项错误;电解饱和食盐水的离子方程式为2Cl -+2H 2OCl 2↑+H 2↑+2OH -,D 项错误。

新教材2023年高中生物第5章第2课时酶的特性夯基提能作业新人教版必修1

第5章第1节第2课时A 级·基础达标练一、选择题1．在验证酶的高效性活动中，下列有关叙述错误的是( B )A．本活动用鸡肝匀浆的目的是使酶从细胞中释放并与底物充分接触B．检测氧气产生量时用点燃后带明火的卫生香放在试管口，观察燃烧程度C．1、2号试管在反应时均需在试管口塞上橡胶塞D．该活动的自变量是催化剂的种类解析：用鸡肝匀浆的目的是使酶从细胞中释放并与底物充分接触，A正确；检测氧气产生量时用带火星的卫生香放在试管口，观察燃烧程度，B错误；1、2号试管在反应时均需在试管口塞上橡胶塞，防止空气进入，影响燃烧结果，C正确；该活动的自变量是催化剂的种类，D正确。

故选B。

2．下列与酶相关实验的叙述中，正确的是( D )A．探究酶的高效性时，自变量可以是酶的种类B．探究淀粉酶的专一性时，自变量只能是酶的种类C．探究pH对酶活性的影响时，自变量不止一种D．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，因变量不止一种解析：探究酶的高效性，自变量是催化剂的种类；探究淀粉酶的专一性，自变量也可以是底物种类；探究pH对酶活性的影响时，自变量就是pH；探究温度对酶活性的影响时，因变量可以是产物的生成速率或底物的消耗速率。

3．(2021·吉林省五地六校)如图为酶与底物结合示意图，下列有关叙述不正确的是( C )A．酶的形状在催化过程中会发生改变B．底物与酶特定部位的结合具有专一性C．此图可表示1分子蔗糖经酶催化后产生2分子葡萄糖的过程D．图示过程能够保证酶保持较高的催化活性解析：由图可知，酶在化学反应过程中，结构会发生变化，但数量不变，A正确；由图可知，底物需要与酶特定的位点结合，即具有专一性，B正确；蔗糖的水解产物是葡萄糖和果糖，C错误；图示过程体现了酶的专一性，能够保证酶保持较高的催化活性，D正确。

故选C。

二、非选择题4．取甲、乙两支洁净的试管，分别注入3 mL淀粉糊，然后在甲试管中注入2 mL新鲜的小麦淀粉酶滤液，在乙试管中加入2 mL清水。

夯基提能2020届高三化学选择题对题专练——选修四化学反应原理——酸碱中和滴定的误差分析和终点判断

夯基提能2020届高三化学选择题对题专练——选修四化学反应原理——酸碱中和滴定的误差分析和终点判断夯夯夯夯2020夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯——夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯夯1.下列说法不正确的是()A. 过滤、结晶、灼烧、萃取、分液和蒸馏等都是常用的分离有机混合物的方法B. 在中和热的测定实验中，将氢氧化钠溶液迅速倒入盛有盐酸的量热计中，立即读出并记录溶液的起始温度，充分反应后再读出并记录反应体系的最高温度C. 实验室用已知浓度的醋酸溶液滴定未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液时，选用酚酞做指示剂比用甲基橙做指示剂时带来的误差要小一些D. 溶液配制、中和滴定实验中，容量瓶、锥形瓶用蒸馏水洗净后即可使用；而滴定管、移液管用蒸馏水洗净后，须再用待盛液润洗2～3次后方可使用2.下列实验操作，对实验结果不会产生影响的是()A. 用蒸馏水湿润pH试纸后测定硫酸钠溶液的pHB. 测定中和反应的反应热时，将碱溶液缓慢倒入酸溶液中C. 用酸碱中和滴定法测定未知浓度的碱液时，在锥形瓶中加入2—3mL酚酞试液作指示剂D. 在淀粉溶液中加入稀硫酸加热一段时间后，再滴加银氨溶液检验淀粉的水解产物3.电解质溶液电导率越大导电能力越强。

常温下用0.100mol⋅L−1盐酸分别滴定10.00mL浓度均为0.100mol⋅L−1的NaOH溶液和氨水溶液。

利用传感器测得滴定过程中溶液的电导率如图所示。

下列说法错误的是()A. 滴定氨水的过程应该选择甲基橙作为指示剂B. a点溶液中：c(H+)+c(NH4+)−c(OH−)=0.05mol⋅L−1C. b点溶液中：c(H+)=c(OH−)+c(NH4+)+2c(NH3⋅H2O)D. a、b、c三点的溶液中，水的电离程度c>b>a4.下列实验操作都能够达到预期目的是()A. 用pH试纸测定溶液的pH时，需先用蒸馏水润湿试纸，并测得某溶液pH为3.1B. 中和pH与体积均相同的NaOH溶液和氨水，结果消耗H2SO4的物质的量一样多1/ 15C. 酸碱中和滴定的终点是指酸和碱恰好完全反应，此时溶液一定呈中性D. 在HCl气氛中蒸干AlCl3溶液能到得纯净的无水氯化铝5.下列装置或操作能达到实验目的是()A. 验证反应的热效应B. 定量测定化学反应速率C. 滴定法测FeSO4溶液的浓度D. 构成铜锌原电池6.下列说法正确的是()A. 测定溶液的pH时，应先将pH试纸润湿，然后进行检测B. 为绘制中和滴定曲线，在滴定过程中，每隔相同时间用pH计测定一次混合溶液的pHC. 常温下若强酸.强碱等体积中和后pH=7，则中和之前pH酸+pH碱=14D. 在pH=12的某溶液中，水电离出的c(OH−)=10−2mol/L7.下列有关对定量实验误差分析正确的是()A. 中和热测定实验中，缓慢地将NaOH溶液倒入测定装置中──测定结果无影响B. 酸碱中和滴定实验中，锥形瓶用待测液润洗──测定结果无影响C. 测定溶液pH的实验中，用干燥pH试纸测定新制氯水的pH──测定结果无影响D. 现需90mL1.0mol/LNaOH溶液，称取3.6gNaOH固体配制──溶液浓度偏低8.下列说法符合事实的是()A. 强酸与强碱中和滴定时可以选用甲基橙或酚酞作指示剂；强碱与弱酸中和滴定时应该选用酚酞作指示剂B. 在5 mL.0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液中加入3mL等浓度的NaCl溶液，有白色沉淀产生，再加入3 mL等浓度的Na2S溶液，溶液中又有黑色沉淀生成，说明K sp(Ag2S)> K sp(AgCl)C. 物质的量浓度均为0.01mol/L的弱酸HX及其盐NaX溶液等体积混合后：c(X−)+c(HX)=0.005mol/LD. 已知K sp(AgCl)=1.56×10−10，K sp(Ag2CrO4)=9.0×10−12。

新教材2023年高中语文第七单元红楼梦夯基提能作业部编版必修下册

第七单元红楼梦基础巩固练一、语言运用阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

《红楼梦》是一首诗，一首酝酿、积累了数千年，而由一位集大成的文学大师最终写就的________(填二字词语)而凄怨的诗篇。

随着诗篇末尾________(填二字词语)般的残缺与悲剧的落幕，天地似为之易色，草木亦为之同悲，一个经历了繁华与苦难、坎坷与艰辛的伟大心灵发出了余韵悠悠的沉重叹息。

在《红楼梦》中，作者倾注了他全部的心血、才华与诗情画意，以杜宇啼血般的笔调和________(填成语)的辞句，精心结撰了一个艺术世界，在这里，积淀着中国传统文化与艺术的生命信息和遗传基因，流动着中国古代诗歌的节奏旋律和精神气韵。

当我们以这样的眼光再一次感受和审视黛玉形象时，黛玉美丽多情，黛玉富于诗人气质与才情，黛玉敏感善良，但她已然不单纯是这样一位少女形象了，也不仅仅是揭示了一定历史时期社会生活某种本质与规律的典型，而是承载了几千年中华文化厚重负荷的一个永恒的诗性象征和一种富于典型意义的审美境界。

从这一形象中，我们仿佛可以看到中国古代许多文士淡淡的背影。

1．请在文中横线处填入恰当的词语。

答：瑰丽____宿命____珠圆玉润2．为了合乎逻辑和语段和谐，请改写文中画波浪线的句子为长单句。

可以改变语序，少量增删词语，但不得改变原意。

答：黛玉已然不单纯是一位美丽多情、敏感善良、富于诗人气质与才情的少女形象。

3．指出文中画横线句子使用的修辞手法，并简要分析其表达效果。

答：运用了拟人手法，将“天地”“草木”拟人化，写出了《红楼梦》的大结局带来的伤感与悲叹，以及阅读者对人生宿命般的悲剧性的强烈感受。

阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

①____，是《红楼梦》艺术上的一大特色。

《红楼梦》的诗词韵文，不仅艺术成就很高，更主要的是大都符合人物的身份、思想气质和性格特点，成为表现人物的重要艺术手段。

如咏柳絮，薛宝钗表现出“好风频借力，送我上青云”的“雄心”，( )。

②____，海棠社、菊花诗、螃蟹咏、桃花社、柳絮词……大观园宛然一座诗意的乐园，激发了众姐妹对美的礼赞，对青春的觉醒，对生活的憧憬。

新教材2023年高中英语 Unit 4Section Ⅰ夯基提能作业外研版必修第一册

Unit 4 Section Ⅰ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．We have always__maintained__(保持) good relations with our customers since our company was set up.2．There have been striking__advances__(进步) in space in the last 20 years.3．The new plastic__enables__(使可能) us to make our products more cheaply.4．It__tends__(往往会发生某事) to be very wet at this time of year.5．Our team has an__unusual__(非凡的) number of talented players.6．It’s reported that trained dogs have been used to hunt for__criminals__(罪犯)．7．The screens also show photographs, text and information from__sites__(网站)．8．__Significantly__(显著地), he did not deny that there might be an election.9．It is impossible to__prove__(证明) the existence of God.10．She soon__acquired__(获得)a reputation as an advanced teacher.Ⅱ.选词填空up to，keep/stay in touch，in view，tend to，face to face，thanks to，make friends，lose track of，communicate with，keep in mind1．__Thanks to__my teacher’s help, I have made great progress in my physics.2．You can pay weekly or monthly—it’s__up to__you.3. Everyone who knows him likes to__make friends__with him.4．There’s a few more things I hope you’ll __keep in mind__.5．I’ve__lost track of__my high school friends after graduation.6．Not knowing the language here, I found it hard to__communicate with__local people.7．We try to__stay/keep in touch with__each other through e-mails.8．After all, we__tend to__do what we like doing and what we delight in.9．There was nobody__in view__in the street.10．I wanted to explain things to her__face to face__.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Peter took the dictionary from his teacher and expressed his thanks__to__Mr.White.2．He reads the newspapers to keep track__of__current events every morning.3．The theme park you are probably most familiar__with__is Disneyland.4．It was unusual that the man refused to deliver the goods__to__the village.5．The old man has a__tendency__(tend) to forget things.6．To be frank，I would prefer__playing__(play) football to jogging.7．In spite of all our__advanced__(advance) technology，the world is still at the very beginning of its voyage into space.8．Last weekend our school organized a fruit-picking activity，which enabled us__to experience__(experience)the life in the countryside.9．The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported __significantly__(significant) higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.10．It took him a long time __to acquire__(acquire) the skills he needed to becomea good dancer.二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解APeople all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend：Always honestHonesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.________There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend madetime to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.Always respectfulA true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.Always understandingIt is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving and understanding even if it isn’t his /her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and u nderstanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是否是真正的朋友。

高考生物一轮复习第17讲遗传信息的传递和表达夯基提能作业本(含解析)-人教版高三全册生物试题

遗传信息的传递和表达A组基础过关1.(2018某某单科,13,2分)关于复制、转录和逆转录的叙述,下列说法错误的是( )A.逆转录和DNA复制的产物都是DNAB.转录需要RNA聚合酶,逆转录需要逆转录酶C.转录和逆转录所需要的反应物都是核糖核苷酸D.细胞核中的DNA复制和转录都以DNA为模板答案 C 逆转录和DNA复制的产物都是DNA,A正确;转录需要RNA聚合酶,逆转录需要逆转录酶,B正确;转录需要的反应物是核糖核苷酸,逆转录需要的反应物是脱氧核苷酸,C错误;细胞核中的DNA复制和转录都以DNA为模板,D正确。

2.下列关于中心法则的叙述,正确的是( )A.亲代DNA能通过自我复制在亲子代之间表达遗传信息B.真核生物基因表达的过程即是蛋白质合成的过程C.基因的转录既可发生在细胞核中又可发生在线粒体内D.在烟草花叶病毒颗粒内可以合成自身的RNA和蛋白质答案 C 亲代DNA能通过自我复制在亲子代之间传递遗传信息,通过转录和翻译在亲子代之间表达遗传信息,A错误;真核生物基因表达的过程包括转录和翻译两个过程,是基因控制蛋白质的合成过程,B错误;细胞核和线粒体中都含有DNA,都可以发生基因的转录过程,C正确;烟草花叶病毒没有细胞结构,不能独立生活,必须寄生于活细胞中,因此其蛋白质和RNA 的合某某发生在烟草细胞中,D错误。

3.许多基因的启动子(转录起始位点)内富含CG重复序列,若其中的部分胞嘧啶(C)被甲基化成为5-甲基胞嘧啶,就会抑制基因的转录。

下列与之相关的叙述中,正确的是( )A.在一条单链上相邻的C和G之间通过氢键连接B.胞嘧啶甲基化导致表达的蛋白质结构改变C.胞嘧啶甲基化会阻碍RNA聚合酶与启动子结合D.基因的表达水平与基因的甲基化程度无关答案 C 在一条脱氧核苷酸单链上相邻的C和G之间不是通过氢键连接,而是通过“—脱氧核糖—磷酸—脱氧核糖—”连接,A错误;胞嘧啶甲基化导致的是表达过程中基因转录被抑制,对已经表达的蛋白质结构没有影响,B错误;根据胞嘧啶甲基化会抑制基因的转录可推知,抑制的实质就是阻碍RNA聚合酶与启动子结合,C正确;由于基因的表达水平与基因的转录有关,所以与基因的甲基化程度有关,D错误。

高考生物一轮复习第30讲微生物的利用夯基提能作业本(含解析)-人教版高三全册生物试题

微生物的利用A组基础过关1.根据分离以尿素为氮源的微生物实验,回答下列问题:(1)写出脲酶降解尿素的反应式:。

(2)该实验分离细菌时用浓度为10-4和10-5土壤稀释液接种,更容易形成单菌落的是。

(3)A同学筛选出的菌落为150个,其他同学只筛选出50个,并且他在设计实验时并没有设置对照。

你认为A同学结果产生的原因可能有哪些?。

如何设计对照实验排除可能影响实验结果的因素:。

(4)涂布平板的所有操作怎样保证无菌?。

(5)有脲酶的细菌在生态稳态上起什么作用?。

答案(1)CO(NH2)2+H2O 2NH3+CO2(2)10-5土壤稀释液(3)可能是土样不同,也可能是培养基污染或操作失误方案有二:一是由其他同学用与A同学一样的土壤进行实验,如果结果与A同学一致,则证明无误,如果结果不同,则证明A同学存在操作失误或培养基配制有问题;另一种方案是将A同学配制的培养基在不加土样的情况下进行培养,作为空白对照,以证明培养基是否受到污染(4)应从操作的各个细节保证“无菌”,都应在火焰附近进行。

例如,酒精灯与培养皿的距离要合适、移液管头不要接触任何其他物质、移液管要在酒精灯火焰周围等(5)如果土壤中有许多尿素,在自然界较高温度下会被水解,水解后的氨使土壤碱化,氨还与其他阴离子物质如S、C、N等形成化合物,则会使土壤板结。

有脲酶的细菌使植物废弃物和动物尸体降解,并利用了所形成的氨,有利于自然界中氮的循环解析脲即尿素,是蛋白质降解的产物。

有一些细菌含有脲酶可以分解尿素,利用尿素作为其生长的氮源。

本实验使用涂布分离法分离以尿素为氮源的微生物,用浓度为10-4和10-5土壤稀释液接种,更容易形成单菌落的是10-5土壤稀释液。

A同学结果产生的原因可能是土样不同,也可能是培养基污染或操作失误,排除方案有二:一是由其他同学用与A同学一样的土壤进行实验,结果与A同学一致,则证明无误,如果结果不同,则证明A同学存在操作失误或培养基配制有问题;另一种方案是将A同学配制的培养基在不加土样的情况下进行培养,作为空白对照,以证明培养基是否受到污染。

新教材2023年高中语文第二单元5雷雨夯基提能作业部编版必修下册

第二单元5基础巩固练一、语言运用阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

家书是中华文化的重要载体。

特别是在战乱频仍的年代，家书尤显珍贵。

近日，细细品读《红色家书》，不由得心潮澎湃，潸然泪下，仿佛________，时光回溯，自己也置身于炮火纷飞的革命年代，与革命先烈们面对面交流，体验他们对家人的真挚情感，感觉他们对共产主义崇高理想的执着。

他们的感情，质朴而深沉；他们的信念，炽热而坚定；他们的精神，虽经岁月流逝，依然________，激励着一代又一代的共产党人砥砺前行。

品读红色家书，当学革命先烈“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的家国情怀。

革命先烈对国家和民族的大爱，与我国自古以来“修身齐家治国平天下”的家国情怀________，是中华民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑，是中华历史文化中________的基因。

当前，我们党正带领全国各族人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”而砥砺奋进。

作为新时代共产党员，必须继承和弘扬革命先烈的家国情怀，始终紧握中华民族伟大复兴的“接力棒”，跑好建设社会主义现代化强国的“接力赛”。

1．依次在文中横线上填入恰当的成语。

斗转星移__熠熠生辉__一脉相承__不可或缺2．文中画波浪线的句子有语病，请修改。

答：自己也置身于炮火纷飞的革命年代，与革命先烈们面对面交流，体会他们对家人的真挚情感，感受他们对共产主义崇高理想的执着信念。

3．下列各句中的引号，和文中“中国梦”的引号作用相同的一项是( B )A．《雷雨》通过展示周家这个“最有秩序的家庭”所暗藏的污垢，暴露封建大家庭的罪恶。

B．药物生产需要青蒿素含量高的青蒿，“523”项目的团队成员在四川找到了含量高的青蒿。

C．这真是“天有不测风云”，祥林嫂的男人是坚实人，谁知道年纪青青，就断送在伤寒上？D．《促织》中“求神问卜”的情节，带有神秘色彩，要透过这些描写，把握作品的现实主题。

【解析】题干的引号表特定称谓。

A.表否定、讽刺；B.表特定称谓；C.表引用；D.表强调。

2023学年新教材高中生物人类活动对生态环境的影响夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修2

第4章　第1节一、选择题1．下列不属于人口增长引发的环境问题的是(　B　)A．无节制使用水造成的水资源紧张B．外来物种的入侵导致本地物种的濒危和灭绝C．过度开垦等造成的水土流失、土壤沙化D．乱排工业废气造成的空气污染解析：外来物种的入侵导致本地物种的濒危和灭绝是因为入侵的外来物种在与本地物种的种间竞争中处于优势地位。

2．引起温室效应、酸雨、臭氧层空洞的主要气体污染物依次是(　A　)A．CO2、SO2、氟氯烃　B．SO2、CO2、氟氯烃C．氮氧化物、CO2、SO2D．CO2、氮氧化物、SO2解析：引起温室效应的主要气体是CO2，引起酸雨的主要气体是SO2，引起臭氧层空洞的主要气体是氟氯烃。

3．下列关于生态足迹的叙述，错误的是(　B　)A．生活方式不同，生态足迹的大小一般不同B．与步行相比，开车会减小生态足迹C．食用牛肉会比食用蔬菜产生的生态足迹大D．生态足迹的值越大，表明人类所需要的资源越多解析：与步行相比，开车会增大生态足迹。

增加的部分既包括汽车对道路、停车场的直接占用面积，也包括吸收尾气所需要的森林面积。

4．下列有关人口增长与环境关系的叙述，正确的是(　D　)A．目前人口数量已经超出了地球环境容纳量B．生物种群消长规律完全适用于人口增长情况C．科技进步能解决因人口增长过快导致的资源短缺问题D．自然灾害频繁发生与人口过度增长有密切联系解析：目前人口数量不断增长，但通过人为措施有计划地控制，没有超过地球环境容纳量，A项错误；人口增长规律有其自身特点，如实行计划生育控制人口数量，B项错误；有些资源为不可再生资源，不控制人口增长，只依靠科技手段无法解决资源短缺问题，C错误；很多自然灾害都是由人口过度增长对环境过度索取造成的，D项正确。

5．下列关于人口数量与环境关系的说法，正确的是(　A　)A．人口数量增多，对资源的需求量增大，会给环境带来巨大压力B．人口数量的变动只与人口出生率和死亡率有关C．环境对人口数量的影响主要是通过影响死亡率来实现的D．农业的出现和发展时期，由于人口数量不是很多，人类对环境没有破坏解析：人口数量增多，对资源的需求量会增大，给环境带来巨大压力，A项正确；人口数量的变动取决于人口出生率、死亡率、迁入率和迁出率，B项错误；环境对人口数量的影响主要是通过影响出生率和死亡率、迁入率和迁出率来实现的，C项错误；农业的出现和发展时期，虽然人口数量不是很多，但是人类对环境也存在破坏，D项错误。

2023学年新教材高中生物生物多样性及其保护夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修2

第4章　第2节一、选择题1．“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天”，用保护生物多样性的观点看，这句话体现了野生生物资源的(　B　)A．间接价值 B．直接价值C．经济价值D．潜在价值解析：“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天”，这句话体现了野生生物资源的直接价值。

2．下列有关叙述不属于生物多样性直接价值的是(　C　)A．芦苇是一种重要的造纸原料B．蝉蜕是一种动物性药物C．森林和草地对水土的保持作用D．海洋和森林等生态系统能陶冶情操解析：芦苇是一种重要的造纸原料，这是作为工业原料的实用意义的价值，属于直接价值，A项正确；蝉蜕可作为药物，属于直接价值，B项正确；森林和草地对水土的保持作用，这是生态功能，属于间接价值，C项错误；海洋和森林等生态系统能陶冶情操，这是非实用意义的价值，属于直接价值，D项正确。

3．三峡大坝建成后，库区内许多原有的特有物种面临灭绝威胁，为保护这些特有物种，最有效的保护措施是(　B　)A．就地保护B．易地保护C．建立自然保护区D．严格控制污染解析：易地保护是指把保护对象从原地迁出，在异地进行专门保护。

三峡大坝建成后，库区内许多原有的特有物种的栖息地将会被破坏，所以要迁移到其他合适的地方进行保护。

4．下列关于生物多样性及其保护的叙述，正确的是(　C　)A．地球上所有动物、植物和微生物，以及它们所拥有的全部基因共同组成生物多样性B．许多野生生物的使用价值目前还不清楚，说明生物多样性具有间接价值C．建立植物园、动物园等措施属于易地保护D．生物多样性的直接价值明显大于其间接价值解析：生物多样性包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性，A项错误；目前尚不明确的使用价值属于生物多样性的潜在价值，B项错误；建立自然保护区属于就地保护，建立动物园、植物园等属于易地保护，C项正确；生物多样性的间接价值是指生物对环境的影响，显然，生物多样性的间接价值远大于其直接价值，D项错误。

5．下列关于生物多样性的说法中，正确的是(　C　)A．易地保护是对生物多样性最有效的保护B．生物圈内的所有生物共同构成生物多样性C．引入外来物种可能提高物种多样性D．森林在调节气候和水土保持方面有重要作用，体现了生物多样性的直接价值解析：就地保护是对生物多样性最有效的保护，A项错误；生物圈内所有的植物、动物和微生物，它们所拥有的全部基因以及各种各样的生态系统，共同构成了生物多样性，B项错误；外来物种引入有可能会提高物种多样性，C项正确；森林对水土的保持作用属于生态功能，是生物多样性间接价值的体现，D项错误。

新教材2023年高中英语 Unit 4 Section Ⅲ 夯基提能作业外研版必修第一册

Unit 4 Section Ⅲ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．His operation left an ugly __scar__(伤疤) on his back.2．Well, why not __dine__(进餐) out together and go to the movies?3．As I stated above, the happiness and __fortune__(财富) come from your mind.4．Just be careful not to __drag__(拖，拉) them down!5．You can’t imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in the __distance__(距离)．6．In order to know your __destiny__(命运), you have to know your talents and decide how to use them.7．Please write if you would like to chat or __correspond__(通信)．8．All of his __partners__(伙伴) helped him through the hard time.9．She has her very own brand of__humour__(幽默)．10．The professor’s speech __proved/proves__(证明) inspiring because many students feel inspired to make contributions to our society.Ⅱ.选词填空turn around, in my opinion, on earth，make one’s fortune, be ashamed of, focus on, work out, team up with, turn up, be set in1．You ought to__be ashamed of__yourselves because you’ve caused this problem.2．The teacher__turned around__and wrote the title on the blackboard.3．They__teamed up with__another family to rent a house for the summer last year.4．He advised me__to work out__regularly to keep fit.5．He__turned up__at a fancy-dress dance in the guise of a white rabbit.6．The film__was set in__the Qing Dynasty.7．__In my opinion__，she dealt with the matter fairly and reasonably.8．He was wandering around the pyramid, wondering how__on earth__this wonder was built.9．These two brothers decided to go to big cities to__make their fortune__.10．It is necessary that we should__focus on__developing the children’s creative ability.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．He watched her expression as she__unfolded__(fold)the letter.2．She elected to take early retirement instead of moving to the new__location__(locate)．3．It is a__scenic__(scene) art integrating music，performance, literature, aria, and face painting.4．She was deeply__ashamed__(shame) of her behaviour at the party.5．She made an__appointment__(appoint) for her son to see the doctor.6．She deals with all the__correspondence__(correspond)promptly and efficiently.7．He complained__bitterly__(bitter) that he had been unfairly treated.8．I have been__fortunate__(fortune) enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.9．She was anxious __to go__(go) home as soon as possible, for her little son had a high fever.10．You should be an honest, __patient__(patience) and responsible person.二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解ABefore you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends.Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things they do.The quickest way to make a friend is to smile.When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to.It may not be easy at first to smile, but remember most people will stay away from a scared or angry looking.One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him.Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person?Ask your new friends question s about themselves.Who’s their favourite singer, where do they live, what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation.Make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too.When someone asks you a question, do have an answer for it.There is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug for an answer.Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends.Remember, everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar things and people who are nice to them.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

新教材2023年高中英语 Unit 2 Section Ⅳ 夯基提能作业外研版必修第一册

Unit 2 Section ⅣⅠ.阅读理解America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while —then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客) easily.Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time.Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes，the welcome will be full, warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.For the Americans, it is often considered friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

新教材2023年高中英语Unit4SectionⅣWriting夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT 4 Section ⅣⅠ.阅读理解On July 11th Virgin Galactic finally realized the promise that it would take passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships.For 4 minutes，its six temporarily weightless passengers，including the firm's co-founder，Sir Richard Branson，saw the planet's curvature (曲度) against the blackness of outer space.He may have gloated (窃喜) over beating Jeff Bezos(much richer)，Amazon's retired boss，who would go slightly higher，for slightly less time，in a vehicle built by his own company，Blue Origin，on July 20th.The two are among a growing group of enthusiasts who believe space tourism's time has come.Suborbital (亚轨道) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has boomed over the past decade thanks to technological advances.Those at Morgan Stanley expect the entire space economy to generate$1trm in revenue by 2040，from $350bn today.UBS (瑞银集团) expects the entire space economy to produce $800 billion by the end of this decade.Space tourism，it thinks，will make “a big contribution” to that total.But that is highly unlikely.For example，space tourism is not even Blue Origin's main goal.The company is focusing on developing a large new rocket for launching satellites，on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies and on winning NASA contracts such as that for a system to land humans on the Moon.In the long run，Mr. Bezos doesn't see Blue Origin as provider of services to thrill-seekers.The business could be profitable once regular flights begin to offset (抵消) the rockets' development costs.But how fast and by how much is uncertain.Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit，space tourism，with its far higher ticket prices，will not be a huger earner.Another challenge—and the biggest uncertainty—relates to safety.History has shown that a disaster can set progress back by years.Even with no accidents，problems may arise.Strict top down regulation could mean that industry will no longer have the freedom to pursue new approaches to improving safety.Space tourism may remain a hobby for a few superrich with a desire to take risks and lots of time to spare.Not exactly a mass market，then，for the time being.文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。

新教材2023年高中英语Unit2SectionⅠ 夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修第四册

UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ．单词拼写1．The __equator__(赤道) is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.2．The whole neighborhood was out, having a __barbecue__(烧烤).3．A smell of bread drifted from some distant __bakery__(面包房).4．The __butcher__(肉贩) weighed the meat on the scales.5．No __herb__(药草) will cure lovesickness.6．A bar of iron is solid；a pipe is __hollow__(空心的).7．The rough road made the car __vibrate__(震动).8．He played the tune on the __horn__(号).9．A basic sense of rhythm and __pitch__(音高) is essential in a music teacher.10．The crowd began chanting anti-government __slogans__(标语).Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．The __foundation__ (found) is holding a dinner in honour of something or other.2．It does not necessarily raise women’s __political__(politician) awareness.3．Are you sure this __joint__(jointly) is completely tight?4．He hated her __straightforwardly__(straightforward), making no effort to conceal it.5．Bamboo is native __to__ every continent except Europe and Antarctica.6．I wouldn’t see another chance such __as__ this in my lifetime.7．__Personally__ (person)speaking, I think that advertising causes the unhealthy eating habits in many reasons as listed below.8．__Located__(locate) at the foot of a hill, the factory is famous in this area.9．The girl __with__ a bag on her back went happily to school.10．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __finished__(finish), he gladly accepted it.Ⅲ．选词填空1．He __majored in__ Political Science when he was at college.2．As is known to all, too much work and too little rest often __lead to__ illness.3．People often __refer to__ Du Fu __as__ the greatest realistic poet in ancient China.4．The problem of pollution arises __along with__ the rapid development of industry.5．The horse __is__ not __native to__ America—it was introduced by the Spanish.6．I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to __do some research on__ great women of China.7．Our Party must keep __in close contact with__ the masses and rely on them, under no circumstances losing touch with them.8．The books you read as a child can __play a part in__ the job you have later in life.9．Girls __make up__ half of the students in our class, doing what boys can do equally.10．__On the other hand__，we must guide the youngsters to correctly handle the relations between study and entertainment.二、培优提升训练Ⅰ．阅读理解(2022·全国甲卷) Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds，a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—hefor a lunch break，I to explore the city.“I’ll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.“How do you mean？”I asked.“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress，I guess. ”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords(口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fit zgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself，”she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving(解决). ”On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman name d Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country，”he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a fo undation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat. ”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

新教材2023年高中英语Unit3SectionⅠ 夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修第四册

UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ．单词拼写1．There are plans to __extend__(扩展) the no-smoking area.2．News is flying about concerning a __royal__(皇室的) wedding.3．I shall advertise the loss of my __laptop__(笔记本电脑) in the newspaper, with a reward for the finder.4．But once you’ve collected all that __coverage__(覆盖范围) data, what can you do with it?5．Our team is leading in the league __tournament__(锦标赛).6．Its wealth derived from the control of __spice__(香料) trade and the cotton industry.7．Mr. Black dropped out of __politics__(政治观点) due to poor health.8．He was an electrician by __profession__(职业).9．If you add too much liquid, the __mixture__(混合物) will not be thick enough.10．The __tax__(税) policy was advocated by the opposition and was welcomed by the local people.Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．In order __to ensure__(ensure) success, we must have a complete and thorough plan.2．We are satisfied with the smoothness of the __negotiation__(negotiate).3．When he was very young, he was forced to leave his homeland for __political__(politics) reasons.4．Shanghai is the largest business center in all of China, and its modern cityscape is __a__ sight to behold.5．Children are curious about animals and show great __curiosity__(curious) about how they live.6．He’ll get something __in__ return for his good deeds.7．The young man does some running to __strengthen__(strength) his body.8．As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, __from__ which I benefit a lot.9．His action led us __to believe__(believe) that he was our true friend.10．He looked everywhere in search __of__ his glasses.Ⅲ．选词填空1．It was a bright clear morning when we at last __set sail__ in the ship.2．As a lawyer, Janice is so excellent that she is truly __in a league of her own__.3．He has decided to __withdraw from__ the competition.4．It took me great efforts to get these books __in hand__.5．This old Silk Road linked China with the west __in ancient times__.6．The ship is __under the command of__ Captain Blake.7．__In return for__ his generosity, the legislature voted that the school be named Harvard College.8．We must be kind and friendly and __reach out__ to those in need.9．We have brought down prices of medicines __for the benefit of__ the people.10．__From a__ long-term __point of view__，we should pay attention to education and science and technology.二、培优提升训练Ⅰ．阅读理解I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge.I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off for the application form.The application form full of pictures of male explores arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate(极限的) challenge？” made me angry and even more determined to get on the team.Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team, and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test, there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb, and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past, leaving me behind. But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.I had revealed(显示) my weakness, and in a place like the Arctic, you have to be yourself, as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.I realized that by being myself，I could succeed. I was selected for the team.I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly, by sharing my story with others，I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

新教材2023年高中语文第一单元1子路曾皙冉有公西华侍坐夯基提能作业部编版必修下册

第一单元1基础巩固练一、语言运用1．下列句中加点的词语，解释有误的一项是( D )A．摄．乎大国之间摄：夹处B．吾与．点也与：赞成C．夫子喟．然叹曰喟：叹息D．如会同，端．章甫端：礼服【解析】或者是诸侯会盟及朝见天子的时候，我愿意穿着礼服，戴着礼帽。

“端”，名词作动词，穿着礼服。

2．下列各句中，没有通假字的一项是( D )A．莫春者，春服既成B．毋吾以也C．鼓瑟希，铿尔D．比及三年，可使足民【解析】A．“莫”同“暮”，晚、末。

句意：阳春三月，春服已经做好了。

B.“以”同“已”，停止。

句意：不要因为我在场，你们就不敢讲了。

C.“希”同“稀”，稀疏、缓慢。

句意：(曾皙)弹瑟的声音逐渐稀疏了，接着铿的一声。

D.无通假，句意：等到过了三年，可以让这个国家的百姓富足。

3．“之”字用法分类正确的一项是( B )①老吾老以及人之．老②牛何之．③不为者与不能者之．形④齐桓晋文之．事可得闻乎⑤未之．有也⑥以羊易之．⑦王之．不王A．①⑦/②/④/③/⑤⑥B．①③④/②/⑤⑥/⑦C．①③/②/④⑥/⑤/⑦D．①③/②⑥/④/⑤/⑦【解析】①句“之”：助词，的，句意：敬爱自己的长辈，进而也敬爱别人的长辈；②句“之”：动词，到，句意：牵牛到哪里去；③句“之”：助词，的，句意：不去做和不能做的表现；④句“之”：助词，的，句意：齐桓公、晋文公(称霸)的事，可以让我听听吗；⑤句“之”：代词，指这种情况，句意：没有这种情况；⑥句“之”：代词，指牛，句意：用羊去换它；⑦句“之”：助词，主谓间不译，句意：大王不能统一天下。

①③④结构助词“的”/②动词“到”/⑤⑥代词/⑦主谓之间取独。

4．对下列各句加点虚词意义和用法的判断正确的一项是( A )①视为．止，行为迟②为．之踌躇满志③合于．《桑林》之舞④恢恢乎其于．游刃必有余地矣A．①②相同，③④不同B．①②相同，③④相同C．①②不同，③④不同D．①②不同，③④相同【解析】①“为”是介词，“因为”之意。

新教材2023年高中语文第六单元14促织变形记节选夯基提能作业部编版必修下册

第六单元14基础巩固练一、语言运用1．选出下列虚词用法相同的一项是( C )A．超忽而．跃/而．翁归B．青麻头伏焉．/吾闻庖丁之言，得养生焉．C．能以．神卜/宰以．卓异闻D．遂为．猾胥报充里正役/何辞为．【解析】A．而：第一个，表修饰；第二个，通假字，通“尔”，代词，你的。

句意分别为：迅速地跳开；你父亲回来。

B.焉：第一个，兼词，相当于“于之”；第二个句末语气词，无实义。

句意分别译为：一只青麻头蟋蟀伏在那里；我听了庖丁的这番话，懂得了养生的道理了。

C.两个“以”均相同，介词，表凭借。

句意分别译为：能借鬼神预卜凶吉；县官也凭借才能卓越而闻名了。

D.为：第一个，表被动；第二个，句末语气词，表示反诘。

句意分别译为：就被刁诈的小吏报到县里，叫他担任里正的差事；(向项羽)何必告辞呢？2．下列句子中，加点词语的古今意义和用法相同的一项是( B )A．相对．．默然，不复聊赖B．不如自行搜觅，冀有万一．．之得C．以金笼进上，细疏．．其能D．村中少年．．好事者驯养一虫【解析】A．相对：古义，面对面；今义，与“绝对”相反，随着一定条件变化。

句意：面对面坐着沉默无语，(感觉)再也没有了依靠。

B.万一：古今同义，表示侥幸。

句意：不如自己去寻找，希望有万分之一的可能捉到一只。

C.细疏：古义，详细地陈述；今义，纤细而少。

句意：用金笼装着献给皇帝，并且上了奏本，详细地叙述了它的本领。

D.少年：古义，三十岁以下的人；今义，人十岁左右到十五六岁的阶段。

句意：在村子里，有一个爱多事的少年，饲养了一只蟋蟀。

3．下列句子按句式分类，正确的一项是( C )①此物故非西产②遂为猾胥报充里正役③村中少年好事者驯养一虫④掭以尖草⑤问者爇香于鼎⑥既而得其尸于井⑦令以责之里正⑧折藏之，归以示成A．①②/③④/⑤⑥/⑦⑧B．①③/②⑥/④⑦/⑤⑧C．①/②/③/④⑤⑥/⑦⑧D．①④/②⑤/③⑧/④⑥【解析】①为判断句，“非”表判断。

②为被动句，“为”表被动。

九202新教材高中化学烃第2节烯烃炔烃夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修

第二章第二节A 级·基础达标练一、选择题(每小题只有1个选项符合题意)1．下列关于乙烯的说法错误的是( D )A．乙烯是石油裂解的一种产物B．乙烯是生产食品包装塑料的基本化工原料C．乙烯可以催熟水果，但有时为了保鲜水果又常用浸泡过酸性高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土来吸收乙烯D．由乙烯发生加聚反应生成的聚乙烯是一种纯净物解析：乙烯是石油裂解的一种产物，A项正确；乙烯可合成聚乙烯，乙烯是生产食品包装塑料的基本化工原料，B项正确；乙烯有催熟作用，可被酸性高锰酸钾溶液氧化，C项正确；聚乙烯中n值不确定，为混合物，D项错误。

2．对比甲烷和乙烯的燃烧反应，下列叙述中正确的是( C )A．二者燃烧时现象完全相同B．点燃前都不需要验纯C．甲烷燃烧火焰呈淡蓝色，乙烯燃烧火焰明亮D．二者燃烧时都有黑烟生成解析：甲烷和乙烯含碳量不同，燃烧现象不同，点燃前都必须验纯，A、B错误；甲烷燃烧火焰呈淡蓝色，乙烯燃烧火焰明亮并伴有黑烟，C项正确，D项错误。

3．下列有关乙炔性质的叙述中，既不同于乙烯又不同于乙烷的是( D )A．能燃烧生成CO2和H2OB．能发生加成反应C．能与KMnO4发生反应D．能与HCl反应生成氯乙烯解析：乙炔、乙烯、乙烷都能燃烧生成CO2和H2O；乙炔、乙烯都与溴水发生加成反应；乙炔、乙烯都能与酸性KMnO4溶液发生反应；只有乙炔与HCl反应生成氯乙烯，故选D。

4．已知0.5 mol某烃X能与1 mol HCl完全加成得到Y,0.5 mol Y能与3 mol Cl2完全取代得到Z，则X的结构简式可能是( D )A．CH2＝CH2B．C．CH2＝CHCl D．解析：0.5 mol某烃X能与1 mol HCl完全加成，说明烃中含有1个键或2个键，加成后产物分子中的氢原子又可被3 mol Cl2完全取代，说明0.5 mol氯代物中含有3 mol H原子，则0.5mol烃中含有2 mol H原子，即1 mol烃含有4 mol H，并含有1个键或2个键，符合要求的只有丙炔()。

2023学年新教材高中生物第2节关注生殖性克隆人夯基提能作业新人教版选择性必修3

第4章第2节一、选择题1．下列哪项是反对生殖性克隆人的生物学家的观点？(　A　)A．克隆技术尚不成熟，很可能孕育出有严重生理缺陷的孩子B．可以通过胚胎分级、基因诊断和染色体检查等方法弥补克隆技术的不足C．克隆人冲击了现有的婚姻、家庭和两性关系等传统的伦理道德观念D．不能迁就于人的道德观念，道德观念是可以改变的解析：A、B项是从技术角度阐述问题，C、D项是从伦理角度阐述问题，前者是生物学家研究的范畴，后者是伦理学家研究的范畴。

有的生物学家强调技术的不足易导致严重后果，这显然属于反对克隆人的科学家的观点。

2．下列说法，正确的是(　A　)A．克隆人在理论上是可行的B．在医学上，通过遗传病基因检测后，进行胎儿性别的选择也是违法的C．治疗性克隆和生殖性克隆是一回事D．用于器官移植时，可以克隆人解析：医学上对遗传病基因检测后选择胎儿性别，目的是优生；生殖性克隆的目的是产生人类个体，任何情况下都是禁止的；治疗性克隆的目的是产生特定细胞和组织用于治疗疾病。

3．一对夫妇将用他们精、卵结合后发育成的胚胎冷藏在一所不孕症治疗中心(防止胚胎移植不能一次成功时，以备下次再用)。

在一次外出时，他们因飞机失事而去世。

于是有人提出，是不是应该把胚胎植入代孕母亲子宫，生下一个孩子继承遗产？还有人认为没有这个必要，可以把财产交给他们的亲戚，或交给国家处理。

这件事反映了“胚胎冷藏”技术( B　)A．是对人类生育权的保护B．可能带来伦理问题C．是一种成熟的可推广的技术D．是一种国家法律所禁止的技术解析：“胚胎冷藏”技术所引起的这些争论，实质是冷冻胚胎的道德与法律地位的争论，即带来的伦理问题。

4．一些国家通过的生物伦理法案，从立法上禁止进行生殖性克隆和治疗性克隆，明文禁止从事治疗性克隆研究的原因是(　B )A．治疗性克隆带来严重后果B．治疗性克隆的研究很可能会过渡到生殖性克隆C．治疗性克隆严重违反伦理道德观念D．治疗性克隆就是生殖性克隆解析：人类生殖性克隆的研究严重混淆了伦理道德观念，所以被绝对禁止，而治疗性克隆的研究很可能会过渡到生殖性克隆的研究，所以明文禁止从事治疗性克隆研究。