动词

动词-ing形式
动名词(gerund)相当于是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
1）动名词作主语。

例如：
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。

2）动名词作宾语
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。

3）动名词作表语，对主语说明、解释。

例如：
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。

4）动名词作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。

例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词
分词作定语
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西
分词作状语
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。

连词+分词（短语）
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
分词作补语：通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。

例如：
I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。

分词作表语：表示主语的状态等。

例如：
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。