Vibration Analysis Equipment
Vibration Analysis and Control
Vibration Analysis and Control Vibration analysis and control are crucial aspects of engineering andindustrial maintenance. Vibration can cause significant damage to machinery, leading to increased maintenance costs and downtime. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes of vibration and implement effective control measures to mitigate its impact. In this response, we will explore the importance of vibration analysis and control, the methods and tools used for analysis, and the strategies for implementing control measures. Vibration analysis is the process ofmonitoring and analyzing the vibration levels of machinery and equipment toidentify any irregularities or potential issues. This is typically done using specialized equipment such as accelerometers and vibration meters, which measure the amplitude, frequency, and intensity of vibrations. By analyzing this data, engineers can identify the root causes of vibration, such as unbalanced components, misalignments, or mechanical wear, and take corrective actions to address these issues. One of the key benefits of vibration analysis is its ability to detect potential faults at an early stage, allowing maintenance teams to take proactive measures to prevent machinery breakdowns. This can significantly reduce downtime and maintenance costs, as well as improve overall operational efficiency. Additionally, vibration analysis can help identify the underlying causes of vibration, allowing engineers to implement targeted control measures to address these issues. There are various methods and tools used for vibration analysis, including time waveform analysis, frequency spectrum analysis, and phase analysis. Time waveform analysis involves capturing and analyzing the raw vibration signalto identify any irregularities or patterns. Frequency spectrum analysis, on the other hand, involves converting the time waveform data into frequency domain to identify the dominant frequencies and their harmonics. Phase analysis is used to assess the relative timing of different vibration signals, which can provide insights into the root causes of vibration. In addition to these methods, advanced techniques such as modal analysis and operating deflection shape (ODS) analysis are used to understand the dynamic behavior of machinery and identify potential resonance issues. Modal analysis helps engineers identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a system, while ODS analysis is used to visualizethe vibration patterns of machinery under operating conditions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the structural dynamics of machinery, allowing engineers to implement targeted control measures to mitigate vibration issues. Once the root causes of vibration have been identified through analysis, it is essential to implement effective control measures to address these issues. This may involve correcting misalignments, balancing rotating components, replacing worn bearings, or implementing damping measures to reduce vibration amplitudes. In some cases, structural modifications may be required to address resonance issues or improve the overall dynamic behavior of machinery. It is important to notethat vibration control measures should be implemented in a systematic and holistic manner, considering the specific characteristics of the machinery and the operational environment. This may involve collaboration between engineering, maintenance, and operational teams to develop and implement effective control strategies. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring and analysis are essential to ensure the effectiveness of these control measures and identify any new vibration issues that may arise. In conclusion, vibration analysis and control are essential aspects of engineering and industrial maintenance. By monitoring and analyzing vibration levels, engineers can identify potential faults at an early stage and implement targeted control measures to mitigate their impact. This not only reduces maintenance costs and downtime but also improves overall operational efficiency. With the use of advanced analysis methods and tools, as well as a systematic approach to implementing control measures, engineers can effectively manage vibration issues and ensure the reliable operation of machinery and equipment.。
土木工程专业英语(带翻译)
State-of-the-art report of bridge health monitoring AbstractThe damage diagnosis and healthmonitoring of bridge structures are active areas of research in recent years. Comparing with the aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering, civil engineering has the specialities of its own in practice. For example, because bridges, as well as most civil engineering structures, are large in size, and have quite lownatural frequencies and vibration levels, at low amplitudes, the dynamic responses of bridge structure are substantially affected by the nonstructural components, unforeseen environmental conditions, and changes in these components can easily to be confused with structural damage.All these give the damage assessment of complex structures such as bridges a still challenging task for bridge engineers. This paper firstly presents the definition of structural healthmonitoring system and its components. Then, the focus of the discussion is placed on the following sections:①the laboratory and field testing research on the damage assessment;②analytical developments of damage detectionmethods, including (a) signature analysis and pattern recognition approaches, (b) model updating and system identification approaches, (c) neural networks approaches; and③sensors and their optimum placements. The predominance and shortcomings of each method are compared and analyzed. Recent examples of implementation of structural health monitoring and damage identification are summarized in this paper. The key problem of bridge healthmonitoring is damage automatic detection and diagnosis, and it is the most difficult problem. Lastly, research and development needs are addressed.1 IntroductionDue to a wide variety of unforeseen conditions and circumstance, it will never be possible or practical to design and build a structure that has a zero percent probability of failure. Structural aging, environmental conditions, and reuse are examples of circumstances that could affect the reliability and the life of a structure. There are needs of periodic inspections to detect deterioration resulting from normal operation and environmental attack or inspections following extreme events, such as strong-motion earthquakes or hurricanes. To quantify these system performance measures requires some means to monitor and evaluate the integrity of civil structureswhile in service. Since the Aloha Boeing 737 accident that occurred on April28, 1988, such interest has fostered research in the areas of structural health monitoring and non-destructive damage detection in recent years.According to Housner, et al. (1997), structural healthmonitoring is defined as“the use ofin-situ,non-destructive sensing and analysis of structural characteristics, including the structural response, for detecting changes that may indicate damage or degradation”[1]. This definition also identifies the weakness. While researchers have attempted the integration of NDEwith healthmonitoring, the focus has been on data collection, not evaluation. What is needed is an efficient method to collect data from a structure in-service and process the data to evaluate key performance measures, such as serviceability, reliability, and durability. So, the definition byHousner, et al.(1997)should be modified and the structural health monitoring may be defined as“the use ofin-situ,nondestructive sensing and analysis of structural characteristics, including the structural response, for the purpose of identifying if damage has occurred, determining the location of damage, estimatingthe severityof damage and evaluatingthe consequences of damage on the structures”(Fig.1). In general, a structural health monitoring system has the potential to provide both damage detection and condition assessment of a structure.Assessing the structural conditionwithout removingthe individual structural components is known as nondestructive evaluation (NDE) or nondestructive inspection. NDE techniques include those involving acoustics, dye penetrating,eddy current, emission spectroscopy, fiber-optic sensors, fiber-scope, hardness testing, isotope, leak testing, optics, magnetic particles, magnetic perturbation, X-ray, noise measurements, pattern recognition, pulse-echo, ra-diography, and visual inspection, etc. Mostof these techniques have been used successfullyto detect location of certain elements, cracks orweld defects, corrosion/erosion, and so on. The FederalHighwayAdministration(FHWA, USA)was sponsoring a large program of research and development in new technologies for the nondestructive evaluation of highway bridges. One of the two main objectives of the program is to develop newtools and techniques to solve specific problems. The other is to develop technologies for the quantitative assessment of the condition of bridges in support of bridge management and to investigate howbest to incorporate quantitative condition information into bridge management systems. They hoped to develop technologies to quickly, efficiently, and quantitatively measure global bridge parameters, such as flexibility and load-carrying capacity. Obviously, a combination of several NDEtechniques may be used to help assess the condition of the system. They are very important to obtain the data-base for the bridge evaluation.But it is beyond the scope of this review report to get into details of local NDE.Health monitoring techniques may be classified as global and local. Global attempts to simultaneously assess the condition of the whole structure whereas local methods focus NDE tools on specific structural components. Clearly, two approaches are complementaryto eachother. All such available informationmaybe combined and analyzed by experts to assess the damage or safety state of the structure.Structural health monitoring research can be categorized into the following four levels: (I) detecting the existence of damage, (II) findingthe location of damage, (III) estimatingthe extentof damage, and (IV) predictingthe remaining fatigue life. The performance of tasks of Level (III) requires refined structural models and analyses, local physical examination, and/or traditional NDE techniques. To performtasks ofLevel (IV) requires material constitutive information on a local level, materials aging studies, damage mechanics, and high-performance computing. With improved instrumentation and understanding of dynamics of complex structures, health monitoring and damage assessment of civil engineering structures has become more practical in systematic inspection and evaluation of these structures during the past two decades.Most structural health monitoringmethods under current investigation focus on using dynamic responses to detect and locate damage because they are global methods that can provide rapid inspection of large structural systems.These dynamics-based methods can be divided into fourgroups:①spatial-domain methods,②modal-domain methods,③time-domain methods, and④frequency- domain methods. Spatial-domain methods use changes of mass, damping, and stiffness matrices to detect and locate damage. Modal-domain methods use changes of natural frequencies, modal damping ratios, andmode shapesto detect damage. In the frequency domain method, modal quantities such as natural frequencies, damping ratio, and model shapes are identified.The reverse dynamic systemof spectral analysis and the generalized frequency response function estimated fromthe nonlinear auto-regressive moving average (NARMA) model were applied in nonlinear system identification. In time domainmethod, systemparameterswere determined fromthe observational data sampled in time. It is necessaryto identifythe time variation of systemdynamic characteristics fromtime domain approach if the properties of structural systemchangewith time under the external loading condition. Moreover, one can use model-independent methods or model-referenced methods to perform damage detection using dynamic responses presented in any of the four domains. Literature shows that model independent methods can detect the existence of damage without much computational efforts, butthey are not accurate in locating damage. On the otherhand, model-referencedmethods are generally more accurate in locating damage and require fewer sensors than model-independent techniques, but they require appropriate structural models and significant computational efforts. Although time-domain methods use original time-domain datameasured using conventional vibrationmeasurement equipment, theyrequire certain structural information and massive computation and are case sensitive. Furthermore, frequency- and modal-domain methods use transformed data,which contain errors and noise due totransformation.Moreover, themodeling and updatingofmass and stiffnessmatrices in spatial-domain methods are problematic and difficult to be accurate. There are strong developmenttrends that two or three methods are combined together to detect and assess structural damages.For example, several researchers combined data of static and modal tests to assess damages. The combination could remove the weakness of each method and check each other. It suits the complexity of damage detection.Structural health monitoring is also an active area of research in aerospace engineering, but there are significant differences among the aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering in practice. For example,because bridges, as well as most civil engineering structures, are large in size, and have quite lownatural frequencies and vibration levels, at lowamplitudes, the dynamic responses of bridge structure are substantially affected by the non-structural components, and changes in these components can easily to be confused with structural damage. Moreover,the level of modeling uncertainties in reinforced concrete bridges can be much greater than the single beam or a space truss. All these give the damage assessment of complex structures such as bridges a still challenging task for bridge engineers. Recent examples of research and implementation of structural health monitoring and damage assessment are summarized in the following sections.2 Laboratory and field testing researchIn general, there are two kinds of bridge testing methods, static testing and dynamic testing. The dynamic testing includes ambient vibration testing and forcedvibration testing. In ambient vibration testing, the input excitation is not under the control. The loading could be either micro-tremors, wind, waves, vehicle or pedestrian traffic or any other service loading. The increasing popularity of this method is probably due to the convenience of measuring the vibrationresponse while the bridge is under in-service and also due to the increasing availability of robust data acquisition and storage systems. Since the input is unknown, certain assumptions have to be made. Forced vibration testing involves application of input excitation of known force level at known frequencies. The excitation manners include electro-hydraulic vibrators, force hammers, vehicle impact, etc. The static testing in the laboratory may be conducted by actuators, and by standard vehicles in the field-testing.we can distinguish that①the models in the laboratory are mainly beams, columns, truss and/or frame structures, and the location and severity of damage in the models are determined in advance;②the testing has demonstrated lots of performances of damage structures;③the field-testing and damage assessmentof real bridges are more complicated than the models in the laboratory;④the correlation between the damage indicator and damage type,location, and extentwill still be improved.3Analytical developmentThe bridge damage diagnosis and health monitoring are both concerned with two fundamental criteria of the bridges, namely, the physical condition and the structural function. In terms of mechanics or dynamics, these fundamental criteria can be treated as mathematical models, such as response models, modal models and physical models.Instead of taking measurements directly to assess bridge condition, the bridge damage diagnosis and monitoring systemevaluate these conditions indirectly by using mathematical models. The damage diagnosis and health monitoring are active areas of research in recentyears. For example, numerous papers on these topics appear in the proceedings of Inter-national Modal Analysis Conferences (IMAC) each year, in the proceedings of International Workshop on Structural HealthMonitoring (once of two year, at Standford University), in the proceedings of European Conference on Smart materials and Structures and European Conference on Structural Damage AssessmentUsing Advanced Signal Processing Procedures, in the proceedings ofWorld Conferences of Earthquake Engineering, and in the proceedings of International Workshop on Structural Control, etc.. There are several review papers to be referenced, for examples,Housner, et al. (1997)provided an extensive summary ofthe state of the art in control and health monitoring of civil engineering structures[1].Salawu (1997)discussed and reviewed the use of natural frequency as a diagnostic parameter in structural assessment procedures using vibration monitoring.Doebling, Farrar, et al. (1998)presented a through review of the damage detection methods by examining changes in dynamic properties.Zou, TongandSteven (2000)summarized the methods of vibration-based damage and health monitoring for composite structures, especially in delamination modeling techniques and delamination detection.4Sensors and optimum placementOne of the problems facing structural health monitoring is that very little is known about the actual stress and strains in a structure under external excitations. For example, the standard earthquake recordings are made ofmotions of the floors of the structure and no recordings are made of the actual stresses and strains in structural members. There is a need for special sensors to determine the actual performance of structural members. Structural health monitoring requires integrated sensor functionality to measure changes in external environmental conditions, signal processing functionality to acquire, process, and combine multi-sensor and multi-measured information. Individual sensors and instrumented sensor systems are then required to provide such multiplexed information.FuandMoosa (2000)proposed probabilistic advancing cross-diagnosis method to diagnosis-decision making for structural health monitoring. It was experimented in the laboratory respectively using a coherent laser radar system and a CCD high-resolution camera. Results showed that this method was promising for field application. Another new idea is thatneural networktechniques are used to place sensors. For example,WordenandBurrows (2001)used the neural network and methods of combinatorial optimization to locate and classify faults.The static and dynamic data are collected from all kinds of sensorswhich are installed on the measured structures.And these datawill be processed and usable informationwill be extracted. So the sensitivity, accuracy, and locations,etc. of sensors are very important for the damage detections. The more information are obtained, the damage identification will be conducted more easily, but the price should be considered. That’s why the sensors are determined in an optimal ornearoptimal distribution. In aword, the theory and validation ofoptimumsensor locationswill still being developed.5 Examples of health monitoring implementationIn order for the technology to advance sufficiently to become an operational system for the maintenance and safety of civil structures, it is of paramount importance that new analytical developments are ultimately verified with appropriate data obtained frommonitoring systems, which have been implemented on civil structures, such as bridges.Mufti (2001)summarized the applications of SHM of Canadian bridge engineering, including fibre-reinforced polymers sensors, remote monitoring, intelligent processing, practical applications in bridge engineering, and technology utilization. Further study and applications are still being conducted now.FujinoandAbe(2001)introduced the research and development of SHMsystems at the Bridge and Structural Lab of the University of Tokyo. They also presented the ambient vibration based approaches forLaser DopplerVibrometer (LDV) and the applications in the long-span suspension bridges.The extraction of the measured data is very hard work because it is hard to separate changes in vibration signature duo to damage form changes, normal usage, changes in boundary conditions, or the release of the connection joints.Newbridges offer opportunities for developing complete structural health monitoring systems for bridge inspection and co ndition evaluation from“cradle to grave”of the bridges. Existing bridges provide challenges for applying state-of-the-art in structural health monitoring technologies to determine the current conditions of the structural element,connections and systems, to formulate model for estimating the rate of degradation, and to predict the existing and the future capacities of the structural components and systems. Advanced health monitoring systems may lead to better understanding of structural behavior and significant improvements of design, as well as the reduction of the structural inspection requirements. Great benefits due to the introduction of SHM are being accepted by owners, managers, bridge engineers, etc..6 Research and development needsMost damage detection theories and practices are formulated based on the following assumption: that failure or deterioration would primarily affect the stiffness and therefore affect the modal characteristics of the dynamic response of the structure. This is seldom true in practice, because①Traditional modal parameters (natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shapes, etc.) are not sensitive enough to identifyand locate damage. The estimation methods usually assume that structures are linear and proportional damping systems.②Most currently used damage indices depend on the severity of the damage, which is impractical in the field. Most civil engineering structures, such as highway bridges, have redundancy in design and large in size with low natural frequencies. Any damage index should consider these factors.③Scaledmodelingtechniques are used in currentbridge damage detection. Asingle beam/girder models cannot simulate the true behavior of a real bridge. Similitude laws for dynamic simulation and testing should be considered.④Manymethods usually use the undamaged structural modal parameters as the baseline comparedwith the damaged information. This will result in the need of a large data storage capacity for complex structures. But in practice,there are majority of existing structures for which baseline modal responses are not available. Only one developed method(StubbsandKim (1996)), which tried to quantify damagewithout using a baseline, may be a solution to this difficulty. There is a lot of researchwork to do in this direction.⑤Seldommethods have the ability to distinguish the type of damages on bridge structures. To establish the direct relationship between the various damage patterns and the changes of vibrational signatures is not a simple work.Health monitoring requires clearly defined performance criteria, a set of corresponding condition indicators and global and local damage and deterioration indices, which should help diagnose reasons for changes in condition indicators. It is implausible to expect that damage can be reliably detected or tracked by using a single damage index. We note that many additional localized damage indiceswhich relate to highly localized properties ofmaterials or the circumstances may indicate a susceptibility of deterioration such as the presence of corrosive environments around reinforcing steel in concrete, should be also integrated into the health monitoring systems.There is now a considerable research and development effort in academia, industry, and management department regarding global healthmonitoring for civil engineering structures. Several commercial structural monitoring systems currently exist, but further development is needed in commercialization of the technology. We must realize that damage detection and health monitoring for bridge structures by means of vibration signature analysis is a very difficult task. Itcontains several necessary steps, including defining indicators on variations of structural physical condition, dynamic testing to extract such indication parameters,defining the type of damages and remaining capacity or life of the structure, relating the parameters to the defined damage/aging. Unfortunately, to date, no one has accomplished the above steps. There is a lot of work to do in future.桥梁健康监测应用与研究现状摘要桥梁损伤诊断与健康监测是近年来国际上的研究热点,在实践方面,土木工程和航空航天工程、机械工程有明显的差别,比如桥梁结构以及其他大多数土木结构,尺寸大、质量重,具有较低的自然频率和振动水平,桥梁结构的动力响应极容易受到不可预见的环境状态、非结构构件等的影响,这些变化往往被误解为结构的损伤,这使得桥梁这类复杂结构的损伤评估具有极大的挑战性.本文首先给出了结构健康监测系统的定义和基本构成,然后集中回顾和分析了如下几个方面的问题:①损伤评估的室内实验和现场测试;②损伤检测方法的发展,包括:(a)动力指纹分析和模式识别方法, (b)模型修正和系统识别方法, (c)神经网络方法;③传感器及其优化布置等,并比较和分析了各自方法的优点和不足.文中还总结了健康监测和损伤识别在桥梁工程中的应用,指出桥梁健康监测的关键问题在于损伤的自动检测和诊断,这也是困难的问题;最后展望了桥梁健康监测系统的研究和发展方向.关键词:健康监测系统;损伤检测;状态评估;模型修正;系统识别;传感器优化布置;神经网络方法;桥梁结构1概述由于不可预见的各种条件和情况下，设计和建造一个结构将永远不可能或无实践操作性，它有一个失败的概率百分之零。
高精度双D A转换USB存储设备GS200系列说明书
800-404-ATEC (2832) E s t a b l i s h e d1981USBData from the CPUMSBs D-ALSBs D-AOutput ampHighly accurate voltage dividerMultiplicative dual D/A conversionEach DC voltage/current source in the GS200 series uses two DACs to generate highly accurate voltage and current at a high resolution. It is highly stable whether it is used for a short or long period of time and features superb linearity over all the ranges. Moreover, it produces extremely low noise.High accuracy:±0.016% of setting + 240 µV (at 10 V range for one year)±0.03% of setting + 5 µA (at 100 mA range for one year)High stability:±0.001% of setting 20 µV (at 10 V range for one day)±0.004% of setting + 3 µA (at 100 mA range for one day)High resolution:100 nV (VDC, 10 mV range)10 nA (1 mA range)Low noise:100 µVp-p (10 V range, DC to 10 kHz)3 µAp-p (100 mA range, DC to 10 kHz)High Accuracy and High Resolution OutputThe GS200 can perform four-quadrant operation byoperating as a current source or a current sink in the range of ±30 V and ±200 mA.When the GS200 is sinking current, it can operate over the exact same range as when it is operating as a current source. You can use the GS200 not just as a highly accurate voltage source but also as a highly accurate constant-current electronic load.Source and Sink OperationsMeasurement sensors, ICs, consumer electronics, office appliances, communication devices, automotive parts, rechargeable battery control devices, electronic circuits, power supplies, lighting equipment, industrial light sources, small motors, x-ray measuring devices, audio amplifiers, microwave heating equipment, diagnostic imaging equipment, high pressure gas equipment, signal converters, industrial pneumatic equipment, vibration analysis equipment, plant construction, thermal-power and nuclear-power generation facility construction and maintenance, molding and machining, heat treating facilities such as vacuum furnaces and atmosphere furnaces, water quality and atmosphere measuring instruments, tea production lines, etc.Applicable FieldsGeneral SpecificationsVoltage and current source rangeSource operation (highly accurate power supply)Sink operation (highly accurate load)High accuracyHigh stabilityHigh resolutionLow noisematerials• ResistorsPLLs• Smallmotorsmodules• Optical interface modulespower generation - Factories-30V30V Source Sink SinkSourceVoltageCurrent200 mA-200 mAVoltage source up to ±32 V and current source up to ±200 mA51/2-digit, ±120,000-count output resolutionVoltage and current simple monitoring feature (optional)Programmable output up to 10,000 points Built-in USB mass storage deviceChannel expansion through synchronous operationVoltage ranges:10 mV , 100 mV , 1 V , 10 V , and 30 V Maximum output current:±200 mA (at 1 V , 10 V , and 30 V ranges)(A highly accurate voltage divider is used at the 10 mV and 100 mV ranges.)Current ranges: 1 mA, 10 mA, 100 mA, and 200 mA Maximum output voltage: ±30 VGS200GS20004Response time for changing from -32 V to +32 V = Approx. 0.5 msResponse time for changing from -32 V to +32 V = Approx. 200 msApprox. 200 msResponds immediately without discontinuities or glitches when the polarity is inverted.Responds slowly withdiscontinuities when the polarity is inverted.In addition to the GS200’s high accuracy voltage and current source features, it can also be equipped with an optional Simple Voltage and Current Monitoring Feature (Optional)key menus for easy operation.GS200Products with mechanical contact switchesNote) The figures above are for reference only and do not represent the actual product specifications.The monitoring feature can be used to:•Check that current is flowing.GS210Seven segment display on conventional modelsGS200 display and key layout05Rear Panelfront panel). Choose front panel terminals or rear panel terminals depending on your situation.remotely from a PCDC source/monitor SyncDC source/monitorSyncSync24-hour stability values are for 23°C ± 1°C and power fluctuation within ±5%.90-day stability and 90-day and 1-year accuracy values are for 23°C ± 5°C.Add the temperature coefficient for 90-day and 1-year accuracy values for 5°C to 18°C and for 28°C to 40°C.Current Source Section24-hour stability values are for 23°C ±1°C and power fluctuation within ±5%.90-day stability and 90-day and 1-year accuracy values are for 23°C ± 5°C.Add the temperature coefficient for 90-day and 1-year accuracy values for 5°C to 18°C and for 28°C to 40°C.Limiter SectionResponse Time (Typical)10 ms or less for all voltage source and current source ranges.(Response time is the time from the point when the source begins to change until it reaches within 0.1% of the final value at maximum output, maximum load (pure resistive load), and with no limiter operation.)Maximum Capacitive and Inductive LoadsCapacitive load: 10 µFInductive load: 1 mH0607Programming FeatureGeneral SpecificationsExternal dimensionsExternal Input and OutputCommunication InterfaceIntegration time : 1 to 25 PLC T rigger source*: Internal timer (0.1 s to 3600.0 s), READY , communication, and immediate Measurement delay (the delay from the trigger point):0 to 999,999 ms (1 ms resolution)Other features : Auto zero, NULL computation, and data storage* Measurement trigger sourceInternal timer : For monitoring. 0.1 s to 3600.0 s (0.1 s resolution)READY : For curve tracing during program operation. The timing when READY signals are m.: For controlling the GS200 from a PC. Trigger generation through the *TRG command.Immediate : Trigger generation at the end of measurement.Maximum number of steps : 10,000T rigger : External, internal timer, step input, measurement end Slope : 0 s to 3600.0 s (0.1 s resolution)Display : 256 × 64 dot vacuum fluorescent displayInternal memory : 4 MB (non-volatile; stores setup files andoutput pattern files)Warm-up time : At least 60 minutes Operating environment :5 to 40 ºC, 20 to 80% RHRated supply voltage:100 VAC, 120 VAC, 230 VAC(±10% of each rated voltage, 50/60 Hz)Rated supply frequency: 50/60 Hz Maximum power consumption:Approx. 80 VAAllowable input voltage:32 V between the high and low terminals 42 Vpeak between the low and ground terminals0.5 V between the output and sense terminals250 Vpeak between the ground terminal and the caseWeight : Approx. 5 kg External dimensions:Approx. 213 (W) × 88 (H) × 350 (D) mm (excluding protrusions)BNC input/output IN : TRIG IN, OUTPUT IN OUT : TRIG OUT, OUTPUT OUT, READY OUT•GP-IBElectrical and mechanical specifications:Conforms to IEEE Standard 488.2-1987Functional specifications:SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0Protocol : Conforms to IEEE Standard 488.2-1992Addresses : 0 to 30 7651-command-compatible mode available •USB interface Ports : 1Connector : Type BElectrical and mechanical specifications : Conforms to USB 2.0•Ethernet (optional)Ports : 1Connector : RJ-45Electrical and mechanical specifications : Conforms to IEEE 802.3T ransmission system:100BASE-TX/10BASE-TProtocol : FTP server, HTTP server, VXI-11 server,DHCP client, command socketExternal synchronization I/OModel and Suffix Codes Optional Accessories2 pieces (red and black) in 1 set, length: 1.00 mSource Measure Unit GS610Multi Channel Source Measure UnitGS820758933 Measurement lead758917 Measurement lead701901 Safety adapter lead4-mm socket adapter758919 Banana plug set758922 Small alligator clip adapter758929 Large alligator clip adapterSafety terminal-alligator clip cableB9887AR measurement lead (for safety terminals)Banana male-to-binding post adapter751512 conversion adapter366922 conversion adapter701902: Length 1m, 1000V CAT II701902/701903 Safety BNC-BNC cable758923 Safety terminal adapter setSubject to change without notice.[Ed : 01/b] Copyright ©2009Printed in Japan, 911(KP)YOKOGAWA ELECTRIC CORPORATIONMeasurement Business Headquarters /Phone: (81)-422-52-6768, Fax: (81)-422-52-6624E-mail:********YOKOGAWA CORPORATION OF AMERICA Phone: (1)-770-253-7000, Fax: (1)-770-251-6427YOKOGAWA EUROPE B.V.Phone: (31)-88-4641000, Fax: (31)-88-4641111YOKOGAWA ENGINEERING ASIA PTE. LTD.Phone: (65)-62419933, Fax: (65)-62412606MS-19E。
opa227系列中文翻译文档
The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps combine low noise and wide bandwidth with high precision to make them the ideal choice for applications requiring both ac and precision dc performance.
(V–)+2
(V+)–2
120
138
120
VCM = (V–)+2V to (V+)–2V VO = (V–)+2V to (V+)–2V, RL = 10kΩ VO = (V–)+3.5V to (V+)–3.5V, RL = 600Ω
107 || 12 109 || 3
132
160
132
132
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The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps are pin-for-pin replacements for the industry standard OP-27 and OP-37 with substantial improvements across the board. The dual and quad versions are available for space savings and perchannel cost reduction.
OPA2227, OPA2228
Out A 1 –In A 2 +In A 3
V– 4
A B
8 V+ 7 Out B 6 –In B 5 +In B
车辆工程简介
车辆工程简介车辆工程车辆工程Vehicle Engineering摘要：车辆工程是研究汽车、拖沓机、机车车辆、军用车辆及其他工程车辆等陆上移念头械的理论、设计及制造技巧的工程技巧范畴。
其工程硕士学位授权单位培养从事上述车辆研究、设计开创、临盆制造、质量检测和操纵、应用和修理、相干检测装配和仪器开创的高等工程技巧人才。
研修的重要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、工程数学、振动分析差不多、运算机应用技巧、车辆体系动力学、车辆振动噪声分析及操纵、车辆电子技巧、车辆电液操纵体系、车体构造设计与运算、车辆主动变速理论、车辆动力传递体系操纵与优化、车辆靠得住性与安稳性、车辆测试分析与故障诊断、汽车总体设计及优化、履带车辆总体设计及优化、机车车辆总体设计与优化、车辆的排放检测与操纵等。
一、概述车辆工程是研究汽车、拖沓机、机车车辆、军用车辆及工程车辆等陆上移念头械的理论、设计和技巧等问题的重要工程技巧范畴。
车辆在现代社会中应用广泛，它关系着我国经济扶植支柱家当之一的汽车工业及交通运输事业的振兴和成长，并对农业现代化和国防设备现代化具有重大年夜的阻碍。
车辆工程从初期涉及到力学、机械设计、材料、流体力学、化工到今天拓展至与机械电子工程、机械设计及理论、运算机、电子技巧、测试计量技巧、操纵技巧等学科互相渗入渗出、互相接洽，并进一步触及医学、心理学及心理学等广泛的范畴，形成了一门涵盖多种高新技巧的综合性学科和工程技巧范畴。
二、培养目标培养从事车辆工程范畴科学研究与开创应用、工程设计、技巧攻关与技巧改革、新技巧推广与应用等方面的高等工程技巧人才。
车辆工程范畴工程硕士要求能够或许应用现代科技常识解决企业实际临盆中的一些工程技巧问题。
操纵本学科内扎实的差不多理论和体系的专业常识，明白得本学科的近况和成长趋势，操纵车辆的现代设计理论，机电液一体化技巧，现代电子技巧和现代操纵技巧及现代测试技巧和须要的实验技能。
较闇练地操纵一门外国语，能顺利扫瞄本工程范畴的科技材料及文献。
进出口专业英语词汇(M3)
进出口专业英语词汇(M3)进出口专业英语词汇(M3)进出口专业英语词汇(M3)microaction barometer 微动气压计microadjuster 微量调节器microalloyed steel 微合金化钢microammeter 微安计microampere meter 微安计microanalyzer 微量分析器microaperture measuring instrument 微孔测量仪microbarograph 微气压计microbarometer 微气压计microbend sensor 微弯传感器microbiological examination kit for food 食品微生物检验箱microbiological laboratory vehicle 微生物实验车microbiological safety cabinet 微生物安全箱microbus carburetor 微型汽车化油器microbus 微型客车microcaliper 测微计microcalorimeter 微热量计microcamera 缩微照相机microcapacitor 微型电容器microcard reader 缩微卡片阅读器microcator 弹簧头测微计microchannel-plate spectrometer 微通道板光谱仪microcharacter 显微划痕硬度计microchronometer 测微计时表microcircuit computer 微电路计算机microcirculation image analysis system 微循环图像计算机分析系统microcirculation image analyzer 微循环图像分析仪microclicking press 微调冲切机microcolorimeter 微量比色计microcomputer cardiac-cerebral diagnosis instrument 微电脑心脑诊断仪microcomputer compesating reactive powerdevice 微机无功补偿控制器microcomputer control gear shaping machine 微机控制插齿机microcomputer controlled die casting machine 微机控制压铸机microcomputer controlled multifunctioned flowmeter 微机控制多功能流量仪microcomputer controlled ultrasonic polishing machine 微电脑控制超声波抛光机microcomputer controlled vibration stress-relief equipment 微电脑控制振动应力消除装置microcomputer controlled weighting device for cupola charge 微机控制冲天炉配料秤microcomputer controlled weightmeter for metal charge 微机控制金属配料仪microcomputer controller of alternating current speed regulation elevator 交流调速电梯微机控制器microcomputer monitor 微计算机监控器microcomputer mossbauer spectrometer 微机穆斯堡尔光谱仪microcomputer software 微机软件microcomputer system for control of oxygen consumption of the converter lance 转炉氧枪氧耗量微机控制系统microcomputer system for recognition of hand-written chinese character 手写汉字微机识别系统microcomputer trouble diagnostic instrument 微机故障诊断仪microcomputer typesetting system 微机照排系统microcomputer 微型计算机microcomputer-controlled grating double monochromator 微机控制光栅双单色仪microcomputer-controlled microwave-optical spectrometer 微机控制微波光谱仪microcomputer-controlled multifunction respirator 微机控制多功能呼吸机microcomputer-controlled oil jet pump 微机控制喷油泵microcomputer-weather satellite image processing system 微机-气象卫星图像处理系统microcomputerized and enhanced external counter pulsation device 微机化增强型体外反搏装置microcomputerized nuclear belt weitht scale 微机化核子皮带秤microcomputerized nuclear weight scale 微机化核子台秤microcomputerized voltage controller 微机化电压控制器microcone penetrometer 微锥针入度计microcopier 缩微复制机microcoulombmeter 微库伦计microcrystal fused alumina 微晶刚玉microcrystal 微晶体microcrystalline cellulose 微晶纤维素microcrystalline glass 微晶玻璃microdensitometer 显微光度计microdetector 微量测定器microdilatometer 微膨胀计microdurometer 薄样硬度计microelectrode 微电极microelectronic therapy-machine 微型电子理疗机microfaradmeter 微法拉计microfiche 缩微胶片microfilm camera 缩微胶片照相机microfilm file cabinet 缩微胶卷柜microfilm projector 显微胶片放映机microfilm reader 缩微胶片阅读器microfilm recorder 缩微胶片摄影机microfilm 缩微胶片microfilmer reader 显微阅读器microfilmer 微缩机microfilter 微纤维过滤器microfiltration membrane 微孔滤膜microfluorometer 测微荧光计microform reader 缩微印刷品阅读器microform reader-copier 缩微印刷品阅读复制器microform reader-printer 缩微印刷品阅读印刷器microgeneration set with alternating current method 微型交流发电机组microglass bead 微玻璃珠micrograph 显微照片microgrinder 微粉碎机microgroove record 密纹唱片microheight gauge 高度千分尺microindicator 测微指示器microinjector 显微注射器microlamp 显微镜用灯microliquid chromatograph 微量液相色谱仪microlith 米克罗利特染色玻璃短纤纱microlock receiver 微波锁相接收机microlog continuous dipmeter 连续式微电极地层倾角测量仪micromagic 微型梅吉克牌照相机micromagnetometer 微磁力仪micromanipulator 精密控制器micromerigraph 微粒沉降测定仪micrometeorite erosion gauge 微陨石侵蚀计micrometer caliper gauge 千分测径规micrometer caliper 螺旋测径器micrometer compensator 测微补偿器micrometer depth gauge 深度千分尺micrometer dial gauge 测微计度盘规micrometer dial 测微表micrometer eyepiece 测微目镜micrometer gauge 测微计micrometer head 测微头micrometer inside caliper 内径千分尺micrometer microscope theodolite 测微显微镜经纬仪micrometer microscope 测微显微镜micrometer ocular 测微目镜micrometer screw gauge 螺旋测微计micrometer sextant 测微六分仪micrometer slide caliper 测微滑动卡尺micrometer with dial gauge 带表千分尺micrometer 测微计micrometering valve 微调阀micromini 超超短裙microminiature coaxial cable 微小型同轴电缆microminiature welder 微小型焊机micromizer 雾化器micromodem 微调制解调器micromotor for drive pulse 驱动脉冲用微型电机micromotoscope 显微电影照相机micron hob 小模数滚刀micron mill 微粉磨机micronaire 马克隆尼气流式纤维细度测试仪micronic filter 微尘过滤器micronizer 喷射式磨机microoscillograph 显微示波器microosmometer 微渗压计microphone amplifier 传声放大器microphone button 送话器按扭microphone capsule 传声器炭精盒microphone cord 话筒线microphone stand 传声器架microphone transformer 传声器变压器microphone 话筒microphonoscope 微音听诊器microphotographic camera 缩微照相机microphotometer comparator 显微光度计比较器microphotometer 测微光度计micropipette 微量吸移管micropluviometer 微雨量计micropolarimeter 测微偏振计micropolariscope 测微偏振镜microporous coated fabric 透气性上胶织物microporous fibre 微孔纤维microporous hollow synthetic fibre 微孔性中空合成纤维microporus rubber 微孔橡胶micropower fluxgate magnetometer 微功率磁通量闸门磁强计micropower regulator 微功率稳压器microprobe 微探针microprocessor based measuring unit with digital readout 微处理机数字显示测量器microprocessor controlled flaming cutting machine 微处理机控制火焰切割机microprocessor controlled positioner 微处理机控制定位器microprocessor controlled weaving machine 微处理机控制编织机microprocessor diagnostic instrument 微处理机诊断仪microprocessor dynamometer 微处理机测力仪microprocessor haemodynamometer 微处理机控制的血压计microprocessor ionalyzer 微处理机离子分析器microprocessor keyboard 微处理机键盘microprocessor scan controller 微处理机扫描控制器microprocessor 微处理机microprocessor-controlled photometric analyzer 微处理机控制的光度分析器microprocessor-controlled polarographic analyzer 微处理机控制的极谱分析器microprogram memory 微程序存储器microprogram-controlled computer 微程序控制的计算机microprogrammable processor 可微编程序处理机microprogrammed computer 微程序控制计算机microprogrammed lexical processor 微程序设计词汇处理机micropulverizer 微粒粉磨机micropyrometer 微型高温计microradiometer 微辐射计microreader 显微阅读器microrelay 微继电器microrespirometer 微量呼吸计microscope camera 显微照相机microscope cover glass 显微镜盖玻片microscope for inspecting interior tube and hole 内孔观测显微镜microscope for inspecting the cornea endothelium 眼角膜检验显微镜microscope for measuring angle 角度测量显微镜microscope for multi-viewing 多人观察显微镜microscope lamp 显微镜灯microscope slide glass 显微镜用盖玻片microscope slide unground edge 毛边显微镜载玻片microscope slide 显微镜用载玻片microscope 显微镜microscopic diagnostic apparatus 显微诊断仪microscopic hardness meter 显微硬度计microscopic lustre meter 显微光泽计microscopic polarity spectro-meter 显微偏振光谱仪microscopic-particle counter 显微粒子计数器microsecond generator 微秒脉冲发生器microsecond meter 微秒表microsecond pulse generator 微秒脉冲发生器microseismograph 微地震仪microseismometer 微震计microsetile dye 米克罗塞蒂莱染料microsnap gauge 手提式卡规microsol 米克罗佐粘胶纤维原液着色颜料microsound scope 微型示波器microspectrofluorimeter 显微荧光分光计microspectrometer 显微分光计microspectrophotometer 显微分光光度计microspectroscope 显微分光镜microstethoscope 电音听诊器microstorage 微存储器microstress gauge 微应力计microstrip circuit 微带电路microsurgical instruments set 显微外科器械包microsurgical operating instrument 显微外科手术器械microswitch 微型开关microsyn 精密自动同步机microtasimeter 微压计microtelephone 微型听筒microtensiometer 测微张力计microtest tube 微量试管microthermometer 显微温度计microtome knife 切片刀microtome 检镜用刀microtonometer 微测压计microtron 电子回旋加速器microvibrograph 微震计microviscometer 测微粘度仪microvision 微波观察仪microvoltmeter 微伏计microwattmeter 微瓦计microwave acupuncture stimulator 微波针刺刺激器microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 受激辐射微波放大器microwave antenna 微波天线microwave anticapatory crash sensor 微波预测碰撞传感器microwave attenuator 微波衰减器microwave bacteria degermer 微波灭菌器microwave cancermachine 微波治癌机microwave ceramics 微波陶瓷microwave circulator 微波循环器microwave communication equipment 微波通信机microwave computer 微波计算机microwave control acupuncture instrument 微波针灸机microwave correlator 微波相关器microwave detector 微波检波器microwave diathermy apparatus 微波透热设备microwave diode 微波二极管microwave diplexer 微波双工器microwave discharge detector 微波放电检测器microwave discriminator 微波鉴频器microwave disinfestion machine 微波杀虫灭菌机microwave distance detector 微波测距机microwave distance-measuring system 微波测距仪microwave door actuator 微波门致动器microwave doppler alarm 微波多普勒报警器microwave drill tool 微波钻具microwave dryer 微波干燥器microwave duplexer tube 微波天线开关管microwave electronic spin-resonant apparatus 微波电子自旋共振仪microwave emission detector 微波发射检测器microwave facsimile equipment 微波传真设备microwave ferrite switch 微波铁氧体开关microwave field intensity meter 微波场强计microwave field strength meter 微波场强仪microwave field-effect transistor 微波场效应晶体管microwave filter 微波滤波器microwave frequency discriminator 微波鉴频器microwave frequency stabilizer 微波稳频器microwave frequency-scanning meter 微波扫频仪microwave furnace 微波炉microwave generator 微波发生器microwave gyrator 微波回转器microwave height finder 微波测高器microwave infrared oven 微波红外线烤炉microwave infrared roaster 微波红外线烤炉microwave interferometer 微波干涉仪microwave isolator 微波隔离器microwave localizer 微波定位器microwave low-noise amplifier 微波低噪声放大器microwave measurement instrument 微波测量仪器microwave measuring equipment 微波测量设备microwave measuring instrument 微波测量仪器microwave measuring receiver 微波测试接收机microwave mixer 微波混频器microwave modulated dual optical wavelength geodetic distance meter 微波调制双光波长大地测距仪microwave modulator 微波调制器microwave moisture meter 微波湿度计microwave network analyzer 微波网络分析仪microwave optical resonance spectrometer 微波光学共振谱仪microwave oscillator 微波振荡器microwave oscilloscope 微波示波器microwave oven 微波加热炉microwave phase discriminator 微波鉴相器microwave phase equalizer 微波相位均衡器microwave phase meter 微波相位计microwave phase shifter 微波移相器microwave photo-multiplier 微波光电倍增器microwave power amplifier 微波功率放大器microwave power meter 微波功率表microwave pulse counter 微波脉冲计数器microwave pulse radar 微波脉冲雷达microwave pulse spectrum analyzer 微波脉冲频谱分析仪microwave radar 微波雷达microwave radio equipment 微波无线电设备microwave radio relay equipment 微波无线电中继设备microwave radiometer 微波辐射计microwave ranger 微波测距仪microwave receiver 微波接收机microwave rectifier 微波整流器microwave relay communication system 微波中继通信系统microwave relay unit 微波中继装置microwave remote sensor 微波遥感器microwave scanning radiometer 微波扫描辐射计microwave signal generator 微波信号发生器microwave spectrometer 微波分光计microwave spectroscope 微波光谱仪microwave stirrer 微波搅拌器microwave sweep oscillator 微波扫频信号振荡器microwave sweep signal generator 微波扫频信号发生器microwave telephone 微波电话机microwave terminal equipment 微波终端设备microwave therapy apparatus 微波治疗仪microwave therapy unit 微波治疗机microwave thickness gauge 微波测厚仪microwave tower 微波塔microwave transceiver 微波收发信机microwave transmission system 微波传送系统microwave transmitter-receiver 微波收发两用机microwave triode 微波三极管microwave tube 微波管microwave wavemeter 微波波长计microwave zone position indicator 微波区位置显示器mid autumn festival lantern 中秋灯mid fibre 中长纤维mid-carbon fe-mn 中碳锰铁mid-fibre-length yarn 中长纤维纱mid-frequency motor 中频电机mid-length pants 中长内裤mid-length shorts 中长短裤mid-mounted reversible plough 中间悬挂式双向犁mid-mounted toolbar 中悬挂机具架mid-series derived filter 半串联导出式滤波器mid-sole overlocker 中底包缝机mid-wale corduroy 中条灯芯绒midaflur 氟咪胺midamaline 咪达马林midani 米达尼绸midazolam 咪达唑仑middle and rear cross beam 中后横梁middle cut file 中纹锉middle duty live center 中型回转顶尖middle flat file 中扁锉middle frequency furnace 中频电炉middle gear 中间齿轮middle half-round file 中半圆锉middle hydraulic valve 中压液压阀middle knife file 中刀锉middle locator 中间定位器middle or high pressure hydraulic element 中高压液压元件middle or high pressure hydraulic valve 中高压液压阀middle or low pressure hydraulic valve 中低压液压阀middle pressure hydraulic gear pump 中压液压齿轮泵middle pressure valve 中压阀middle pressure vane pump 中压叶片泵middle round file 中圆锉middle shaft 中轴middle square file 中方锉middle sulphur petroleum 中硫石油middle triangular file 中三角锉middle turbinate scissors 鼻中甲剪middle type live center 中型活顶尖middle white osprey aigrette 中白鹭鸶毛middle-density fibre board in dry way 中密度纤维板middle-high pressure vane pump 中高压叶片泵middle-pressure turbine 中压汽轮机middle-size tractor 中型拖拉机middlesex blue flannel 米德尔塞克斯靛蓝色法兰绒middy 水手领上衣midecamycin acetate 醋酸麦迪霉素midecamycin 麦迪霉素midfibre fabric 中长化纤织物midget alarm fish finder 小型告警式鱼群探测器midget capacitor 小型电容器midget circuit tester 小型电路试验器midget condenser 小型电容器midget inductor 小型电感器midget motor 小型电动机midget receiver 小型接收机midget relay 微型继电器midget super emitron 小型超光电摄像管midget tester 小型万用表midget ultrasonic fish finder 小型超声波鱼群探测器midget universal relay 小型通用继电器midliner 中线器mido 米度牌手表midodrine 米多君midohm 米德欧姆铜镍电阻合金midox 氯杀螨midspring tea 二春茶midway socks 短袜midway 米德韦牌手表midwifery forceps 产钳miebach high efficiency flash welding machine 米巴赫高效闪光焊机mierocrystalline wax 地蜡mightyboy 壮士牌汽车mignonette net 机制网眼纱miharahyo 三原标粘胶长丝mikado 米卡多塔夫绸mikamycin 米卡霉素mikawhite 米盖白荧光增白剂mikephor 米盖福荧光增白剂mikethrene dye 米盖士林染料miketon dye 米盖通染料mikrokator 扭簧式应变仪mikron 米克纶聚乙烯醇短纤维mil-col 敌菌酮milan braid 米兰马海毛编带milan point 米兰金银丝梭结花边milanaise yarn 棉芯丝线milanese flat warp-stitch knitting machine 米兰尼斯平型经编机milanese hose 米兰尼斯经编机milanese 米兰尼斯经编织物milbam 福美锌milbex 混螨死milcurb 甲菌定mild carbon steel 低碳钢mild purgative 轻泻药mild seven 柔和七星牌香烟mild steel angle bar 软钢角钢mild steel arc welding electrode 低碳钢焊条mild steel bar 软钢条mild steel channel 槽钢mild steel cotter pin 软钢开尾销mild steel countersunk head machine screw 软钢平头机器螺丝mild steel equal angle 等边角钢mild steel flat bar 软钢扁棒材mild steel hexagonal bolt and nut 软钢六角螺丝闩mild steel hexagonal bolt 软钢六角螺丝销mild steel hexagonal nut 六角螺丝帽mild steel hexagonal socket screw 六角凹头螺丝mild steel i-beam 低碳工字钢mild steel joist 软钢工字梁mild steel link chain 铁链条mild steel machine screw 机器螺丝mild steel oval bar 软钢椭圆条mild steel plate cutting 软钢板剪口铁mild steel plate 软钢板mild steel polished shaft 软钢抛光轴mild steel round bar 软钢圆棒材mild steel round head machine screw 铁圆头机器螺丝mild steel safeguard chain 防盗链条mild steel screwhook 软钢螺丝钩mild steel shelf bracket 三角支架mild steel square bar 软钢方钢mild steel square nut 四方螺丝帽mild steel tee 软钢丁字铁mild steel welding electrode 软钢电焊条mild steel window section 软钢窗料mild steel wire 低碳钢丝mild steel wood screw 铁木螺丝mild steel 软钢mild-carbon steel strip 低碳钢带mild-steel sheet 低碳钢薄板mildethane 托布津mildew proof board 防霉纸板mildew proof paper 防霉纸mildew resistant latex paint 防霉乳胶涂料mildew resistant sealant 防霉密封剂mildew-proof latex paint 防霉乳胶漆mildex 敌螨普mildia 密尔达牌手表mildothane 甲基托布津mileage counter 哩程表mileage indicator 哩程指示器mileage recorder 哩程表milenaise 米伦奈斯平布milenperone 咪仑哌隆mileometer 哩程计milfaron 双胺灵milgo 乙菌定milipertine 米利哌汀military aircraft 军用飞机military aluminum basin 军用铝盆military bedford cord 军用马裤呢military binoculars 军用望远镱military cap 军帽military chess 军棋military cloth 军服呢military communication system 军用通信系统military cord 经向灯芯布military drum 军鼓military duck 军用帆布military equipage 军装military helicopter 军用直升机military jacket 军装式茄克military plain toe shoes 平头军鞋military pressure cooker 军用压力锅military ring 军人戒指military style stormcoat 军服式风雪大衣military style topcoat 军服式短大衣military trainer 军用教练机military viewer 军用观察仪milk almond sweet 牛奶杏仁夹心糖milk and food warmer 乳食加温器milk biscuit 牛奶夹心饼干milk boiler 奶煲milk bottle capping machine 奶瓶压盖机milk bottle filling machine 牛奶装瓶机milk bottle sealing machine 奶瓶封瓶机milk bottle 牛奶瓶milk can 牛奶罐milk candy 奶糖milk casein fibre 乳酪纤维milk chocolate bean 牛奶朱古力豆milk chocolate 奶油巧克力milk cow forage 奶牛饲料milk cow 奶牛milk cup 牛奶杯milk curd pie 奶豆腐饼milk extruding machine 挤奶机milk fat meter 乳脂计milk ferment 牛奶发酵剂milk filter 牛奶过滤器milk glass 乳白玻璃milk hazelnut chocolate 奶油榛子巧克力milk ice cream bar 牛奶雪糕milk jelly sandwich 乳果三明治milk jug 牛奶壶milk nut chocolate 奶油果仁巧克力milk packing machine 牛奶包装机milk pan 奶锅milk pipette 牛乳吸管milk pot 奶壶milk powder candy 奶片milk powder machine 制奶粉机milk powder 奶粉milk pump 奶泵milk separator 奶分离器milk sterilizer 牛奶灭菌器milk stirrer 牛奶搅拌器milk sugar 乳糖milk tea chocolate 奶茶巧克力milk testing thermometer 量乳温度表milk toffee 牛奶太妃milk tray chocolate 四味巧克力milk veteh 黄芪milk wafer cream 牛奶威化milk 奶milk-server 牛奶杯milker 挤奶器milking machine 挤奶机milkvetch seed 沙苑子milkweed fibre 马利筋属纤维milky viscose rayon 乳白粘胶人造丝milky white cod-liver oil of ginseng 人参乳白鱼肝油mill chuck 铣夹头mill engine 压榨机mill engraving machine 钢芯轧纹机mill file 扁锉mill finish printing paper 粗道林纸mill finish worsted 薄绒毛织物mill finished ticking 色织床罩布mill knife 磨刀mill motor 磨坊用电动机mill ruling machine 刻线机mill saw 框锯mill silk 筛绢丝mill 粉碎机mill-finished fabric 色织布millboard 厚柏纸mille point 小花斜纹呢milled asbestos 精加工石棉milled cloth 缩绒织物milled fibre 研磨纤维milled glass fibre 磨制玻璃纤维milled goods 毛毡milled nut 滚花螺母milled screw 滚花头螺钉milled serge 缩呢哔叽milled twist drill 麻花钻milled worsted 缩绒精纺毛织物miller 531 草菌盐miller for woodwork 木工铣床miller 铣床millerayes 虹彩绸millet crisp crust 小米锅巴millet in husk 谷子millet 小米milli-ampere-meter 毫安表milliammeter with metal rectifier 金属整流式毫安表milliammeter 毫安表millibar scale 毫巴标尺millibarometer 毫巴气压计millimeter wave band power meter 毫米波全波段功率仪millimeter wave channel branching filter 毫米波分路滤波器millimeter wave reflex klystron 毫米波反射速调管millimeter wire gauge 毫米线规millimeter-wave electron spin resonance spectrometer 毫米波电子自旋共振波谱仪millimeter-wave radar 毫米波雷达millimeter-wave signal generator 毫米波信号发生器millimeter-wave spectrum analyzer 毫米波频谱分析器millimetric wave detector 毫米波检波管millimetric wave magnetron 毫米波磁控管millimicrosecond pulse generator 毫微秒脉冲发生器millinery comb 妇女押发梳millinery 女帽milling dye 耐缩绒染料milling drilling machine 铣钻床milling agent 缩绒剂milling and boring tool 钻镗刀具milling and drilling machine 钻铣床milling arbor 铣刀轴milling bit 铣刀钻头milling chuck 铣夹头milling cutter checking and inspection instrument 铣刀检查仪milling cutter sharpening machine 铣刀盘修磨机milling cutter 铣刀milling dynamometer 铣削测力仪milling head 铣头milling machine 缩绒机milling planer 龙门铣床milling tool 铣刀milling 缩绒milliohmmeter 毫欧表million dollar cotton 百万华棉millipore disc filter 微孔盘式过滤器millipore filter 微孔滤器millipore plastic membrane filter 微孔塑料膜过滤器millisecond counter 毫秒计数器millisecond meter 毫秒计millisecond wavelength scanning spectrometer 毫秒波长扫描分光计millitron 米里特朗染色机millivolt ammeter 毫伏电流表millivoltmeter pyrometer 毫伏计式高温计millivoltmeter regulator 毫伏计调节器millivoltmeter 毫伏表milliwattmeter 毫瓦计millon's reagent 米隆氏试剂millstone 磨石milneb 代森环milori blue 密罗里蓝miltons 米尔登猎装呢miltown 眠尔通milus 米卢斯牌手表mimbane 米姆本mimeograph stencil 蜡纸mimeograph 滚筒油印机mimeographing machine 油印机mimic-disconnecting switch 模拟断路开关mimosa extract 拷胶mimus screw 一字槽螺钉min-cutter 微型刀具mina cloth 米纳交织厚呢minalon 米那纶minalpha 米纳尔法铜锰镍合金minaprine hydrochloride 盐酸米那普林minargent 米纳金特铜镍合金minaxolone 米那索龙minced chicken 鸡肉酱minced pork in chilli paste 椒酱肉minced pork 猪肉糜minced sausage 绞肉香肠mincer 绞肉机mincing knife 剁刀mincing machine motor 绞肉机电机mincing machine 绞肉机mind-easing tonic bolus with arborvitae seed 柏子养心丸mine balance 矿山用天平mine borer 矿井钻孔器mine cable 矿用电缆mine counter-measure helicopter 扫雷直升机mine detector 探矿机mine dust density meter 矿尘浓度计mine equipment 矿山设备mine fan 矿用扇风机mine fire detector 矿井火源探测仪mine fire truck 矿山消防车mine gas detector 矿井瓦斯探测器mine hoist 矿井提升机mine hole opener 矿用扩孔器mine jumbo 矿用钻车mine lamp 矿灯mine laser geodimeter 矿用激光测距仪mine locator 探矿仪mine locomotive 矿用机车mine rig 矿用钻车mine salt 矿盐mine sweeper 扫雷器mine theodolite 矿山经纬仪mine-selecting equipment 选矿设备mineiro cotton 米内鲁棉minepentate 米奈喷酯miner's hand lamp 手提矿灯miner's lamp 矿灯miner's safety helmet 矿工安全帽mineral acid 矿物酸mineral cotton 矿棉mineral dielectric separator 矿物介电分离仪mineral dye 矿物染料mineral fibre 矿物纤维mineral filter 矿物滤器mineral fuel 矿物燃料mineral microscope 矿物显微镜mineral oil 矿物油mineral pitch 柏油mineral pot 矿泉壶mineral sandpaper 矿物砂纸mineral sulphur 矿质硫磺mineral supplement 矿物补充剂mineral turpentine 矿物松节油mineral water making machine 制矿泉水机械mineral water salt 矿泉水盐mineral water 矿泉水mineral wool fibre 渣绒纤维mineral wool 矿物棉minerals 矿产品mingled forage 配合饲料mingled yarn 混色毛纱mini air compressor 小型空气压缩机mini airbus 小型空中客车mini audio equipment 迷你型音响mini capacitive-gate digital readout for electrical discharge machines 微型电火花机床容栅数显器mini capacitive-gate digital readout for lathe 微型车床容栅数显器mini capacitive-gate digital readout for milling machine 微型铣床容栅数显器mini car 微型小汽车mini city 城市牌小型汽车mini clamp-on bench vise 微型桌虎钳mini disc driver 小型磁盘驱动器mini electro-optical imaging system 小型光电成像系统mini hand saw 袖珍手锯mini laser disc player 小型激光唱机mini laser rangefinder 小型激光测距机mini mayfair 贵族宅区牌小型汽车mini metro 梅特罗牌小型汽车mini passenger-cargo dual-purpose car 小型客货两用车mini processor 微型处理机mini starter 小起动器mini stereo cassette player 袖珍立体声放音机mini tape recorder 小型录音机mini train 小型火车mini travel iron 旅行式微型电熨斗mini tripod for camera 照相机小型三角架mini ups card 小型不间断电源卡mini-computerized roundness measuring instrument 微机圆度测量仪mini-dress 套衫连超短裙mini-excavator 小型挖掘机mini-floppy disk 小型软盘mini-inductance differential pressure transducer 小型电感式压差传感器mini-laser 小型激光器mini-passenger car 小客车mini-skirt 超短裙mini-temperature sensor 小型温度传感器mini-turning dynamometer 小型车削测力仪mini-type tape recording system 小型磁带记录系统miniature breaker 小型断路器miniature auto charger 小型自动充电机miniature billiard 康乐球miniature breaker 微型电路器miniature brush plater with automatic feed 微型自动供液刷镀仪miniature camera 小型照相机miniature capacitor 小型电容器miniature carbon-film resistor 小型碳膜电阻器miniature centrifuge 小型离心机miniature ceramic capacitor 小型瓷电容器miniature circular sealing connector 小圆形密封连接器miniature colour tv camera 小型彩色电视摄像机miniature control relay 小型控制继电器miniature dozer 小型推土机miniature earth station for satellite communication 小型卫星通信地球站miniature electric cutter 小型电动裁切机miniature electro-magnetic relay 小型电磁继电器miniature electronic pliers 小型电子钳miniature electrostatic accelerometer 微型静电加速计miniature film 微型胶卷miniature fluxgate magnetometer 小型磁通闸门磁强计miniature golf 小高尔夫球miniature intermediate relay 小型中间继电器miniature lamp bulb 微型灯泡miniature laser 小型激光器miniature loudspeaker 小型扬声器miniature low power electromagnetic dc relay 小型小功率直流电磁继电器miniature magnetic dc motor 微型永磁直流电动机miniature motor 小型电动机miniature needle valve 小型针阀miniature photomultiplier 小型光电倍增管miniature polyester capacitor 小型聚酯电容器miniature portable fluoroscopical machine 手提式小型透视机miniature printer 小型打印机miniature radio receiver 小型无线电接收机miniature refrigerator 微型制冷器miniature relay 微型继电器miniature resonance absorption spectrometer 小型共振吸收谱仪miniature rockery 水石盆景miniature side-table 小琴桌miniature solid-sintered tantalum capacitor 微小型固体烧结钽电容器miniature thermoelectric refrigerator 微型热电制冷器miniature thyratron 微型闸流管miniature transformer 微型变压器miniature tube 小型电子管miniature voice coder 小型话音编码器miniaturized atmospheric pressure nitrogen laser 小型化大气压氮激光器miniaturized large capacity radio telemetry equipment 小型化大容量无线电遥测设备minibulker 小型散货轮minibundle cable 一管多纤式光缆minibus 小型公共汽车minica econo 米尼卡-艾科诺牌汽车minicab 米尼卡布牌汽车minicab 小型出租汽车minicam 小型照相机minicide 氯甲威minicomputer 小型计算机minidiab tablet 美吡哒片minimax 米尼马斯牌手表minimeter 测微计minimodem 小型调制解调器minimum current relay 低值电流继电器minimum relay 低值继电器minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining candle 矿烛mining car 矿车mining electric locomotive 矿用电机车mining equipment 矿山设备mining lamp 矿灯mining machine 采掘机mining machinery 矿山机械mining shovel 采掘电铲mining truck 矿用卡车minioscilloscope 小型示波器minipress tablet 脉宁平片minipump 微型泵minisaw blade 微型锯条miniscope 小型显示器miniscrew driver kit 袖珍多头螺丝起子minisedan 小轿车minitransistor 小型晶体管minitron 小型中子管minituner 小型调谐器miniwatt amplifier 小功率放大器mink fur 水貂皮mink hair 貂毛mink oil cream 貂油膏mink oil liquid cream 貂油奶液mink skin cape for lady 水貂皮女披肩mink skin jacket 水貂皮夹克mink skin mounted with head 镶头水貂皮mink skin overcoat 水貂皮大衣mink skin stole for lady 水貂皮女围巾mink skin 水貂皮mink stole 水貂皮围巾mink tail trim pyramid coat in rayon sheen gabardine 角锥形鼬尾镶饰人造丝光轧别丁绒大衣mink 貂皮minnow net machine 编网机minnow net 细眼网minocin capsule 美满霉素胶囊minocycline 二甲胺四环素minolta 美能达牌照相机minometer 微放射计minor crane 小型起重机minor cutting edge grinder for indexable carbide insert 可转位刀片负倒刃磨床minor cycle counter 短周期计数器minox 美乐时牌照相机minoxidil 米诺地尔minoxidilum 敏乐啶mint essence 薄荷精mint flavouring 薄荷香料mint herb 薄荷mint ice cream 薄荷雪糕mint oil 薄荷油mint tea 薄荷茶mint 薄荷mintacol 对氧磷minting machine 造币机mintsu zure obi 明缂丝腰带minute volume divider 低量分压器minvar 敏瓦尔低膨胀系数合金铸铁mio epoxy build primer 环氧云铁厚浆底漆mio epoxy primer 环氧云铁底漆miocamycin tablet 美欧卡霉素片miophone 肌音听测器mipafox 丙胺氟磷mipcin 异丙威mipspanone 异丙脒混剂mipzinon 威农混剂mir 和平牌手表mir-saraband 优质萨腊本地毯mira metal 米拉耐蚀铜合金mira 米拉牌汽车mirabilite 芒硝mirabilite 米拉赖特耐蚀铝合金mirabo 马来宝牌手表miracle super-quality beauty cream 神奇高级美容蜜miracle super-quality freckle removing cream 神奇营养去斑蜜miracle super-quality sea buckthorn cream 神奇沙棘美容蜜miraculous pill of ledebouriella 防风通圣丸miraculoy 米拉丘洛依耐高压铸造合金mirada 米拉达牌汽车mirafiori 米拉菲奥里牌汽车mirage 幻影牌汽车miralite 米拉赖特耐蚀铝合金miranda 美年达牌照相机miraplast 高密度聚乙烯合成纸mirbane 硝基苯mircrometer gauge 测微器mirex 灭蚁灵miristalkonium chloride 米他氯铵miroprofen 咪洛芬mirror black glaze 乌金釉mirror board 镜面板mirror bracket 镜架mirror bronze 镜青铜mirror cabinet 带镜立柜mirror electrodynamometer 镜式电力测功计mirror extensometer 反光伸长计mirror finish carbide turning tool 硬质合金镜面车刀mirror finish 镜子漆mirror galvanometer 镜式检流计mirror glass 镜玻璃mirror oscillograph 镜式示波器mirror phone 磁录音机mirror print 双面印花圆网印花机mirror reflector 镜面反射器mirror shelf 镶镜壁架mirror stereoscope 反光立体镜mirror telescope 反射望远镜mirror type lamp 镜面型灯mirror wavebeam guide 镜式波导管mirror with glass foot 玻璃座架镜mirror 镜子mirrow glass 镜面玻璃mirzapur 默札珀地毯miscellaneous fibre 野杂纤维miscellaneous hair felt 杂毛毡miscellaneous machinery 杂项机械miscellaneous metal ware and tool 五金工具mischmetal 混合稀土mischrome 米希罗姆铁铬系不锈钢misco 米斯科镍铬铁系耐热耐蚀合金miser 凿井机mishima alloy 三岛高矫顽力永磁合金mishima magnet steel 铝镍强磁钢misonidazole 米索硝唑misoprostol 米索前列醇misrnylon 米斯尔尼龙聚酰胺纤维misrophane 米斯罗芬粘胶薄膜missile course computer 导弹航向计算机missile defence alarm satellite 导弹防御警报卫星missile director 导弹制导仪missile fuel waste water treatment vehicle 导弹燃烧剂废水处理车missile oxidant waste water treatment vehicle 导弹氧化剂废水处理车missile propellant protection clothes 导弹推进剂防护服missile warhead 导弹弹头missile 导弹mission cloth 粗厚方平织物mission net 大网眼粗窗帘布mississippi cotton 密西西比棉mist blower 喷雾器mist catcher 捕雾器mist duster 弥雾喷粉机mist eliminator 除雾器mist generator 弥雾发生器mist oiler 油雾加油器mist precipitator 滤雾器mist separator 雾滴分离器。
T M 产品飞书页2：在线条件监测应用软件说明说明书
T MContentsInsightCM for Condition Monitoring (3)Open Condition Monitoring Software for Maintenance Professionals (3)Basic Solution Architecture (4)InsightCM Benefits (4)Improve Productivity with Remote Diagnostics (4)Minimize Change by Connecting to Existing Enterprise Software and IP (4)Manage Any Sensor with One Software Tool (5)Focus on the Most Relevant Data (5)Meet Your Security Needs (5)Prepare for the Future with an Open, Customizable System (5)Monitoring Devices for Any Asset (6)For Critical Assets with Protection Systems (6)Continuous Monitoring System Key Features (6)Intelligent Data Triggering with Continuous Monitoring Systems (7)Burst Mode (7)Streams (7)Spectral Limits (7)Security Implications with One-Way Measurement from Protection System (7)For Dynamic Assets that Need 24x7 Monitoring (8)Supported Sensor Inputs. (9)Vibration Analysis (9)Thermography (12)MCSA (13)For Assets Typically on Periodic Routes (15)Wireless Vibration Measurement Devices (15)Wireless Vibration Sensors (17)Monitoring Device Feature Comparison (18)InsightCM for Condition MonitoringOpen Condition Monitoring Software for Maintenance Professionals InsightCM is online asset-monitoring software for subject matter experts and maintenance professionals who need:▪F ull access to waveform data▪M ultiple sensor technology inputs▪C onnectivity to existing enterprise software packages▪A variety of configuration options for alarms and data managementInsightCM connects to a family of monitoring devices to monitor asset health sensor data from any critical equipment in your plant.FIGURE 1.Web-based trending and analysis tools help machine analysts diagnose problems from anywhere with network access. (Standard vibration analysis viewer shown in image)Basic Solution ArchitectureFIGURE 2.The typical InsightCM system architecture connects wired and wireless sensors from multiple plant assets to IT networks, enterprise digital technology, and subject matter experts.InsightCM BenefitsImprove Productivity with Remote DiagnosticsInsightCM helps analysts and plant personnel shift focus away from manual data collection, freeing up time for more value-add activities such as data analysis, maintenance planning, and plant operations. Included features let you:▪L og in to the InsightCM server from any web browser with network access and perform real time analysis ▪C over more assets across your fleet with your existing team▪G et to analysis faster with data screening, alarming, and multi-sensor analysis toolsMinimize Change by Connecting to Existing Enterprise Software and IPInsightCM is the most open condition-monitoring application software on the market giving you the freedomto use the tools you need to meet your goals. Connect InsightCM data with:▪T he OSIsoft PI System™▪B lack & Veatch Asset360®▪G P Strategies EtaPRO▪A vantis® PRiSM▪M icrosoft Azure IoT Hub ▪I BM Maximo®▪M icrosoft Excel ▪A VEVA eDNA ▪P TC ThingWorxManage Any Sensor with One Software ToolInsightCM supports a variety of sensor technologies to help catch multiple failure modes and crosscheck diagnoses for greater confidence. Supported measurement technologies include:▪V ibration (accelerometers, proximity probes, temperature, 4-20 mA and ±30 V static sensors)▪M otor-current signature analysis (MCSA) (potential transformers, current transformers)▪T hermography (infrared cameras)▪G enerator Field Monitoring (includes shaft voltage and current as well as Rotor Flux Monitoring in onesystem)▪A vailable for hydroelectric, nuclear, and compound generators▪E MI Monitoring ( Monitoring Generators, motors, circuit breakers, and transformers for electrical defects) ▪P artial Discharge Monitoring: The Partial Discharge (PD) measurement consists on a 2D histogram of PD Pulses known as PD Pattern or PRPD (Phase Resolved Partial Discharge) Pattern. All trending parameters are available in Insight CM▪B rush Condition Monitoring; Carbon Brush Length, Temperature and Vibration can be imported to Insight CM for trend analysisFocus on Relevant DataInsightCM systems can continuously (24x7) acquire and screen data from connected analog sensors. This architecture helps detect alarm limit excursions and operating-state changes in near real time, helping analysts focus on data with value, rather than parsing through numerous data sets collected during monthly routes.Meet Your Security NeedsOnly authenticated hardware and verified users have access to InsightCM. Secure remote password protocol provides authentication between asset monitoring systems and InsightCM. IT system administrators can specify a disconnection interval to force the asset-monitoring nodes to disconnect from the server and reauthenticate themselves. Access to InsightCM is role-based and gives IT system administrators the ability to restrict access to certain functionality to qualified users. These roles and user authentication can be linked to an existing corporate Lightweight Directory Access Protocol/Active Directory group for centralized role management. User activity between the client browser and InsightCM can be further secured using Secure Sockets Layer encryption.Prepare for the Future with an Open, Customizable SystemThe Software Development Kit (SDK) for InsightCM helps customize the solution and prepare your business for almost any future needs, including new sensor technologies, communication protocols, and analysis methods. Add your custom analysis IP, connect to third-party hardware, or save to any file format using the SDK. Cutsforth offers a worldwide partner network that can customize InsightCM installations to fit specific needs and adapt them to future expansion.Monitoring Devices for Any AssetFor Critical Assets with Protection SystemsContinuous Monitoring Systems connect directly to existing protection systems through the buffered analog outputs. This pass-through approach lets maintenance teams add modern, connected, online monitoring systems to legacy hardware with limited communication and analysis capability. Additionally, the buffered analog outputs serve as the security firewall to let plants connect data to standard, business IT networks, without a data diode, rather than the highly protected control networks.FIGURE 3.Cutsforth Continuous Monitoring Systems connect to existing protection systems through the buffered analog outputs to add modern online monitoring analysis to legacy, or secured, protection systems.Continuous Monitoring System Key FeaturesContinuous Monitoring Systems are built on a rugged measurement system (CompactRIO) and feature four or eight slots for sensor-specific modules. High-speed voltage input modules are used for connection to the output from the buffered analog output on the protection rack.Note: Module configurations for Continuous Monitoring Systems are specific to the asset and InsightCM toolkits. Please contact your Cutsforth sales representative for configuration assistance.FIGURE 4.Continuous Monitoring Systems (eight-slot option shown) are built on CompactRIO systems; proven technologywith more than 15 years of deployment in a variety of heavy industries.Hardware Specifications▪D ual 10/100/1000 ENET Ports▪U p to Quad-Core Intel Atom Processor ▪P assively cooled, -40 °C to 70 °C ▪S SD for Temporary Local Storage▪I nsightCM Monitoring System Firmware ▪L inux Real-Time OSIntelligent Data Triggering with Continuous Monitoring SystemsContinuous Monitoring Systems intelligently capture data based on a configuration you specify, which reduces overall data volume and provides a way to isolate important asset events. Use the following events to trigger a data capture:▪T ime—Data is captured in user-configurable time intervals such as once an hour, once a day, three times a day, and so on. Choose when to capture the features calculated (less data), the full waveform (more data), or both.▪C hange in engineering units (delta EU)—Data is captured when a calculated feature changes by the set delta value with respect to the initial measured value. Once the trigger condition is met, the trigger resets from the latest value but retains the same delta limit. This feature is most often used for ramp-ups and coast-downs, during which data recordings at periodic rotational speeds are desired; for example, recording a 4 swaveform every 50 rpm during ramp-up.▪A larm limits—Data is captured when a measured feature crosses a preset limit. You must acknowledge alarms before retriggering.▪F orce trigger—You can request a real-time reading using the force trigger option in the action menu for any device. This feature is good for troubleshooting sensor connections, spot-checking an asset, orinvestigating the current state before acknowledging an alarm.Burst ModeWith burst mode, you can preset a time to collect data at higher acquisition rates (up to 102.4 kS/s per channel) to analyze assets with slow rotational speed. Continuous Monitoring Systems revert to the lower set acquisition rate for feature calculation, trigger, and alarm screening.StreamsStreams are useful for grouping transient event data—such as run-ups or coast-downs—to ease analysis. During streams, data is generally sent more frequently, providing more context on how the asset is performing during critical periods. These events can be observed in real time or after the fact.Spectral LimitsScreen data as it arrives on the server with spectral limits you set using a graphical tool to mask off frequency by amplitude across the spectrum. This tool is helpful to quickly isolate which machines may be experiencing signs of early stage bearing wear.Security Implications with One-Way Measurement from Protection SystemThe only connection path from the protection system to the hardware is the one-way, analog signal connection from the buffered AOs on the protection system. The Continuous Monitoring System has no connection or path to send a signal back to the protection system. The one-way, analog-input topology provides no method for communication to, or control of, the protection system, which may assist with cyber-security policies when needed.FIGURE 5.Continuous monitoring systems for assets with protection systems typically install in the same rack as the protection system and connect through front or back-panel connectors to the buffered-analog outputs.For Dynamic Assets that Need 24x7 MonitoringContinuous monitoring systems cover a wide variety of dynamic and process sensors to monitor assets with multiple operating states or problematic assets with a higher propensity of failure between service intervals. The advanced acquisition modes referenced above (intelligent data triggering and burst mode) are available for continuous monitoring systems for dynamic assets.FIGURE 6.Multiple sensor module options help tailor the Continuous Monitoring System to specific asset sensor needs. Please contact your Cutsforth sales representative for assistance in configuring an InsightCM Continuous Monitoring Device.Supported Sensor InputsYou can connect Continuous Monitoring Systems to virtually any sensor technology and use them with rotational, electrical, static, and process asset types. The devices support the following sensor types out of the box:▪A ccelerometer with or without Integrated Electronic Piezoelectric (IEPE) (vibration)▪T achometer (speed)▪K eyphasor (speed)▪P roximity probe (displacement)▪V elometer (velocity)▪T emperature (resistance temperature detector or thermocouple)▪V oltage (±30 V)▪C urrent (4–20 mA)▪D igital input▪R ead from Modbus slave devices via TCP/remote terminal unit▪I nfrared camera (thermography)▪H igh-voltage potential transformers for MCSA—120/240 V AC secondary▪H igh-current current transformers for MCSA—low-voltage secondary▪P ower (calculated from voltage x current)▪R F/radio antenna for EMSA▪D ata points from OPC UA tags▪D ata points from the OSIsoft PI System▪D ata points from AVEVA eDNA Enterprise Data ManagementVibration AnalysisMany vibration sensors, such as accelerometers, velocity sensors, and proximity probes, can ultimately provide the same type of information. Vibration signals consist of multifrequency components, and each component represents part of the vibration. These individual vibration components add up to create the overall vibration signal. You can perform two types of vibration analysis using InsightCM: Observing vibration levels to describe the waveform and analyzing spectral bands to describe the spectrum (essentially, a fast Fourier transform of the waveform).Vibration analysis focuses on either levels that describe the waveform or spectral calculations that describe specific frequency content. InsightCM includes several default level and band calculations, and you can create custom bands to trend bands that correlate with known faults, such as a bearing or gear mesh issues. You can calculate these features on Cutsforth monitoring devices to immediately detect fault conditions and trigger data collections based on the asset operating state.FIGURE 7.Continuous Monitoring Systems are compatible with virtually any sensor technology, including standard IEPE accelerometers seen mounted via epoxy to the motor in this image.InsightCM includes several industry-standard vibration analyses to help you identify faults. For example, you can use an orbit plot to see how a shaft is rotating in a bearing on a turbine and identify worn bearings or inadequate lubrication. Envelope (demodulation) analysis is commonly used for rolling-element bearings to better identify impacting frequencies that correlate with bearing faults.Features§1x and 2x Magnitude §1x and 2x Phase §Asynchronous§Crest Factor§Derived Peak§High Frequency §Peak-Peak§RMS§Synchronous§True Peak§Subsynchronous§Kurtosis§Custom Spectral Bands§Gap§Smax§ResidualAnalysis Viewers§Trend§Waveform§Spectrum§Waterfall§Full Spectrum§Order Waveform §Order Spectrum §Envelope Waveform §Envelope Spectrum§Orbit§Bode§Polar§Shaft Centerline§Table§Time Synchronous Averaging(TSA) Waveform§TSA Spectrum§AutocorrelatedSpectrum§AutocorrelatedWaveformFIGURE 8.The functions listed in the “Features” section above are available in the real-time viewer so analysts can get to a diagnosis, faster.ThermographyThe thermal Imaging Toolkit automates the process of collecting and monitoring images from infrared cameras, as seen in Figure 10. Trend data from regions of interest and alarm on transformer, motor control center, breaker box, and bus bar hot spots. Specify regions of interest (ROIs) and calculate maximum, minimum, and average temperature. With a delta feature, you can calculate the temperature difference between any number of ROIs to normalize for environmental conditions such as monitoring a transformer and looking for an outlier amongst the bushing temperatures.FIGURE 9.This InsightCM infrared thermography image shows two chilled-water pump-motor skids with a temperature differential trend line. The temperature delta between regions of interest is a common way to look for hot spots on breaker panels, bus bars, and transformers.Features▪M aximum Temperature within ROI▪M inimum Temperature within ROI▪A verage Temperature within ROI▪D elta Temperature between Two or More ROIsAnalysis Viewers▪T rend▪T hermal Image▪T ableMCSAMotor-current signature analysis (MCSA) uses voltage and current signals to identify motor faults including rotorbar damage, misalignment, eccentricity, mechanical looseness, and some bearing problems. When purchased with the MCSA toolkit for InsightCM, Continuous Monitoring Systems compute features specific to electrical data and motors in addition to the phasor and waveform analysis available.Note: InsightCM is designed for three-phase AC induction electric motors. There is not support for variablefrequency drive motors at this time.The 24x7 screening on the Continuous Monitoring System continuously samples voltage and current data at up to 10,000 samples per second looking for transients and in-rush currents. Use this toolkit to set operating states and trigger conditions for in-rush current so you never miss a startup signature.FIGURE 10.In a typical motor control cabinet install, CT signal wires run through conduit to Continuous Monitoring Systems with sensor modules for MCSA installed in an industrial cabinet.FIGURE 11.Cutsforth monitoring systems for MCSA can connect to multiple motors on a single three-phase voltage bus. One module connects to voltage/potential transformers with accompanying modules in the chassis used for current transformers.FIGURE 12.This InsightCM analysis view shows three-phase voltage and the MCSA spectrum.Features▪R MS▪L ine Frequency▪P hasor: Magnitude▪P hasor: Phase▪U nbalance▪E ffective Service Factor▪D erating Factor Analysis Viewers ▪A ctive Power▪R eactive Power▪A pparent Power▪P ower Factor▪S peed▪T orque▪T orque Ripple▪R otor Bar Sideband▪L oad▪P ercent Load▪E fficiency▪P ercent Full LoadAmps▪S tartup Peak Amps▪S tartup Time▪T rend Chart ▪W aveform ▪S pectrum ▪T able ▪W aterfall▪M CSA Spectrum▪M CSA Torque Waveform▪M CSA EnvelopeSpectrum▪P hasor DiagramFor Assets Typically on Periodic RoutesPlant maintenance teams often rely on manual, route-based data collection for less-critical plant assets. With Wireless Monitoring Devices, you can get daily machine health visibility without a trip around the plant. Wireless Monitoring Devices are designed to wirelessly transmit diagnostic (waveform) data from wired analog sensors to a Cutsforth gateway and then to the InsightCM server, connected via your enterprise IT network. Wireless Monitoring Devices, when battery powered, dramatically reduce installation cost by eliminating the need for running cable/conduit for power and Ethernet. There are currently two types of Wireless Monitoring Devices: Wireless Vibration Measurement Devices and Wireless Vibration Sensors.Wireless Vibration Measurement DevicesWireless Vibration Measurement Devices connect to standard asset-mounted analog sensors and use wireless communication to send diagnostic-quality waveform data to an InsightCM server. Install the system near the monitored asset with the built-in mounting flange. The rugged enclosure is outdoor-rated for industrial environments and can handle wide temperature ranges as well as washdowns. The wireless monitoring devices have 12 analog input channels that support accelerometers, proximity probes, tachometers, and voltage or temperature sensors. All devices ship ready to install and connect to power (either line-powered or battery-powered) and sensors. Once you have installed and commissioned its hardware, the Wireless Monitoring Device transmits data back approximately once a day (user-configurable) via a wireless gateway to the InsightCM server installed on premises or in a virtual machine in your choice of cloud provider. The device also can be manually triggered to send data back to the server.FIGURE 16.Wireless Vibration Measurement Devices acquire full waveforms and transmit the data to InsightCM via a wireless gateway.Sensor SupportThe Wireless Vibration Measurement Device supports the following sensor types out of the box: ▪A ccelerometers (IEPE)▪P roximity probes (user-provided)▪T achometers▪V oltage (±30 V)▪T emperatureWireless Vibration SensorsWireless Vibration Sensors contain an integrated triaxial accelerometer and use wireless communication to send diagnostic-quality waveform data at up to 2 kHz fmax to an InsightCM server. They also include an integrated temperature sensor that can trend temperature data. Install the sensor on the monitored asset with the built-in1/4-28 stud mount. The rugged exterior is IP66/IP67-rated for industrial environments and can handle wide temperature ranges as well as washdowns. All devices are battery-powered and ship ready to install. Once you have installed and commissioned its hardware, the Wireless Monitoring Device transmits data back approximately once a day (user-configurable) via a wireless gateway to the InsightCM server installed on premises or in a virtual machine in your choice of cloud provider. The device also can be manually triggered to send data back to the server.FIGURE 17.Wireless Vibration Sensors contain an integrated triaxial accelerometer and temperature sensor and transmit the data to InsightCM via a wireless gateway.GatingBoth Wireless Monitoring Devices are mounted near the asset and transmit data back to the InsightCM server via a wireless gateway approximately once a day (user-configurable). Because most of the wireless device’s battery consumption occurs during wireless communication with the gateway, sending data only when the monitored asset is running helps prolong battery life. Wireless Monitoring Devices have a gating feature that checks whether the asset is on before acquiring and sending asset health data. Gating can be based on acquired sensor values or external systems via Modbus, OPC UA or the OSIsoft PI System.Outdoor-Rated EnclosuresWireless Monitoring Devices are designed to either IP54 or IP66/IP67 specifications for protection from liquid, dust, and particulates. Installers can mount the systems directly outside in any climate without an additional industrial enclosure.Monitoring Device Feature Comparison。
TPM-全面生产维护-100知识点
全面生产维护
1
内容简介
• TPM 介绍 • 故障及其解决方案 • 自主保全 • OEE设备综合效率 • 举例-Aurora Plant Axle Cell TPM • TPM用语100条
2
TPM 介 绍
3
TPM的发展历史
1950 1960 1970 1980
• Predictive Maintenance 预测维护 (PM)
• Plant Maintenance / Process Maintenance 生产制造维护 (PM)
6
全面预防/预测维修 Total Preventive / Predictive Maintenance
无计划的设备 停工时间
修理为主 预防故障 改进设备 设计设备
事后保全BM 预防保全PM 改良保全CM 保全预防MP TPM
时间管理时代
状态管理时代
4
1990
TPM的发展历史
• Preventative Maintenance 预防性维修 • Corrective Maintenance 纠正性维护 • Maintenance Prevention 维修的预防 • Planned Maintenance 计划维护 (PM) • Predictive Maintenance 预测维护 (PM) • Plant Maintenance / Process Maintenance 生产制造维护 (PM)
• Corrective Maintenance 纠正性维护 (CM / 1957)
- 其概念从预防故障的发生,扩展到了通过对设备的改进和改善,以达到减少故障的发生,或很 容易对故障进行检查和修复.
基本振动分析
In the survey above, the frequency bandwidth is 0 CPM to 3000 CPM
Interpreting a Vibration Survey
Basic Balancing
Predictive Maintenance
Creating better aviation maintenance solutions...
What Is Vibration?
Vibration is the physical movement or oscillation of a mechanical part about a reference position.
Creating better aviation maintenance solutions...
Terminology
Prior to any discussion of vibration, it is important to first understand the common terms used for vibration analysis and their applications.
Creating better aviation maintenance solutions...
What Is Vibration?
Why do we care about vibration?
设备仪器专业术语英语翻译
设备仪器专业术语英语翻译1送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Ovens惰性气体恒温器Inert Gas Ovens精密恒温器Precision Constant Temperature Ovens洁净恒温器Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 空气幕送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Ovens With Air Curtain定温干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Ovens角形真空定温干燥器(真空干燥箱）Vacuum Drying Ovens恒温恒湿器Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers流水线设备In-Line System for Underfill Adhesive and Encapsulation恒温培养器（恒温培养箱）Constant Temperature Incubators-可程式低温培养器Low Temperature Program Type Incubators低温培养器Low Temperature Incubators低温稳定性培养器Low Temperature Stability Incubators培养器IncubatorsCO2培养器CO2 Incubators振荡培养器Shaking Incubators冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers离心形冻结干燥器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers灭菌器Sterilizers干热灭菌器Drying Sterilizers高压灭菌器（高压灭菌锅）Autoclaves Sterilizers低温等离子灭菌器Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers环形燃烧管灭菌器Loop Cinerator纯水制造装置Water Purifiers纯水制造装置Water Stills超纯水制造装置Ultra-pure Water Purifiers简易纯水制造装置Water Purifiers超纯水制造装置系统Ultra-pure Water Purifier System大容量纯水制造装置Water Purifiers System洗净器Washers（翻译公司）实验室玻璃器皿清洗机Laboratory Glassware Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners大型超声波清洗机Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning Systems超声波试管清洗机Ultrasonic Pipet Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners恒温液槽Constant Temperature Baths投入式恒温装置Constant Temperature Devices油槽Oil Baths振荡式低温水槽Low Constant Temperature Shaking Baths深槽形恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths离心形冻结干燥机器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers冷却液体循环器Cooling Liquid Circulators冷却水循环器Cooling Water Circulators便携式冷却器Immersion Cooler寒流捕获器Cooling Trap冷却水外部循环器Cooling Water Circulators试验槽Thoughs高温炉High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus马弗炉Muffle Furnaces超高温电气炉Ultra-High Temperature Electric Furnaces高温电气炉High Temperature Electric Furnaces造粒干燥装置（喷雾干燥机、喷雾造粉机、喷雾造粒机）Granulating and Drying Apparatus for Wet Powder Body and Liquid喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer有机溶剂喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer生产线喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer for Product Line浓缩器Evaporators旋转蒸发仪Rotary Evaporators溶媒回收装置Solvent Recovery Unit乳化•搅拌•振荡器Homogenizers, Stirrers, Shakers磁力搅拌器Magnetic Stirrers加热板Hot Plates振荡器Shakers送液•减压•加压装置Aspirators, Pumps, Compressors搅拌器Stirrers等离子装置Low Temperature Ashers, Cleaners, Etchers气体等离子蚀刻机Gas Plasma Etcher “Plasma Reactor”气体等离子清洗机Gas Plasma Dry Cleaner气体等离子灰化机Gas Plasma Asher桌上小型探测显微镜Desk-Top Small Probe Microscope “Nanopics”半导体制造用检查装置Yield Management for Semiconductor Ptoducts非破坏评价解析装置Nondestructive Testing System去静电风机、风幕及静电测定计Auto Balanced Over Head Ion Blower环境试验设备Temperature,Humidity Testing Chamber防湿保管库Moisture-proof Storage Nanotechnology半导体用设备ANELV A日本电子制品Jeol振动试验装置Vibration Test Systems形态观察分析系统Mapping Analyzer生物分子间相互作用分析系统Biomioleculer Interaction Analysis System高速液相色谱仪LC-CE/CEC System血管壁细胞混合培养系统Dynamic Coculture System基因检查仪器Genopattern AnalyzerATP测定器ATP Measuring Instrument分光光度计Microplate Spectrophotometer细胞培养•发酵用自动分析系统Automated Chemistry Analyzer for Monitoring Cell Culture and Fermentation Processes细胞生死判别系统Cell Vital Analyzer细胞计数分析装置Cell Scaler/Analyzer高速冷却离心机High Speed Refrigerated,Centrifuges微量高速离心机High Speed micro-Centrifuges液体中微生物简单测试仪Simple Germ Test Kit “simple Tester”防爆冷藏柜Explosion proof Freezer and Refrigerator杀菌水生成系统Sterilization Water Production Device膜式脱气装置Filter-type Air Extractor抗酸化机能水制造装置Acid-Resistant Water Purifier分光光度计Spectrophotometer元素分析装置Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP发光分光分析ICP Atomic Emission SpectrophotometerX线光分析计X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems重金属排液处理装置Heavy Metal Eliminator简易水质检查试验纸Water Quality Tester StripsPH计Phmeter导电率计Conductivity MetersYAMATO试验研究设备Laboratory Design and Engineering通风柜Fume Hoods排风机Blowers实验台Laboratory Furniture设备仪器专业术语英语翻译2保管柜Storage Cabinets实验台用附属器具Carts and Laboratory Table Attachments环境制御设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment control Devices生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment试料混合器Blender防爆冷藏柜Explosion proof Freezer and Refrigerator杀菌水生成系统Sterilization Water Production Device膜式脱气装置Filter-type Air Extractor抗酸化机能水制造装置Acid-Resistant Water Purifier分光光度计Spectrophotometer元素分析装置Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP发光分光分析ICP Atomic Emission SpectrophotometerX线光分析计X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis气体分析计Gas Analyzers回折/散乱式粒度分布测定装置Analyzer,Particle Size Distribution Laser Diffraction Device 低真空走查电子显微镜Scanning Probe Micro Scope高速液相色谱仪Liquid Chromatograph滴定装置Automatic Titration天平Balances近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer（翻译公司）浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems重金属排液处理装置Heavy Metal Eliminator简易水质检查试验纸Water Quality Tester StripsPH计Phmeter导电率计Conductivity Meters湿度计Hygrothermometers过滤器Filter通风柜Fume Hoods排风机Blowers实验台Laboratory Furniture保管柜Storage Cabinets实验台用附属器具Carts and Laboratory Table Attachments生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment电磁波室隔音室恒温室/恒温恒湿室Constant Temperature and Humidity Facilities 低温室Constant Low Temperature Facilities人工气候室Artificial Atmospheric Phenomena Simulator电磁波室隔音室恒温室/恒温恒湿室Constant Temperature and Humidity Facilities 低温室Constant Low Temperature Facilities人工气候室Artificial Atmospheric Phenomena Simulator动物研究用高压蒸汽灭菌装置Sterilization Systems, for Animal Research动物研究用高压蒸汽灭菌装置Sterilization Systems, for Animal Research送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Ovens惰性气体恒温器Inert Gas Ovens精密恒温器Precision Constant Temperature Ovens洁净恒温器Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens定温干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Ovens角形真空定温干燥器Vacuum Drying Ovens恒温恒湿器Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers流水线设备In-Line System for Underfill Adhesive and Encapsulation 液晶产业用高压脱泡机Autoclaves。
西安电子科技大学本科培养计划;机电工程(杨)
机电工程学院培养方案机械设计制造及其自动化专业培养方案一、培养目标本专业培养适应21世纪社会主义现代化建设需要、德智体美全面发展、基础扎实、知识面宽、能力强、素质高、具有创新精神,能从事机械设计制造及自动化领域中的设计制造、科学研究、应用开发、运行管理和经营销售等方面能力的机电一体化复合型高级人才。
二、基本要求本专业学生要求具备较坚实的自然科学和人文社会科学的基础知识，掌握机械设计与制造的基础理论和信息技术的基本知识与技能，受到较好的工程实践基本训练，具有进行机电产品设计、制造、设备控制、生产组织管理及相关的研究、开发的基本能力。
毕业生应当达到以下基本要求：1.热爱社会主义祖国、拥护中国共产党的领导、学习马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想和科学发展观的基本原理；愿意为社会主义现代化服务,为人民服务；有为国家富强、民族昌盛而奋斗的志向和责任感；具有敬业爱岗、艰苦奋斗、热爱劳动、遵守纪律、团结合作的品质；具有良好的思想道德、社会公德和职业道德。
2.系统学习机械设计与制造的基本理论、电子技术基础、计算机应用技术的基本知识；受到现代机械工程师的基本训练,具有进行机械产品设计、制造及设备控制、生产组织管理的基本能力。
毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力：（1）具有较扎实的自然科学基础，较好的人文和社会科学基础；（2）较系统地掌握本专业领域宽广的技术理论基础知识，主要包括力学、机械学、电工与电子技术、计算机应用技术基础、自动化基础、市场经济和企业管理等基础知识；（3）具有本专业必需的机械制图、工程计算、试验、机电测试、文献检索和基本工艺操作等技能；（4）具有本专业领域内某个专业方向所必需的专业知识，了解本学科前沿及发展趋势；（5）具有初步的、本专业领域内的科学研究、设计开发及组织管理能力；（6）具有较强的自学能力和创新意识。
3.掌握一门外语，具有一定的外语综合能力，能较熟练地阅读本专业外文书刊和资料，具有一定的听、说、读、写、译能力。
发电设备状态监测和状态检修的若干技术问题_王青华
收稿日期:2003-08-10 作者简介:王青华(1975-),男,东南大学动力工程系在读硕士研究生,主要从事汽轮发电机组状态监测与故障诊断的学习与研究。
发电设备状态监测和状态检修的若干技术问题王青华,汪 江,陆颂元(东南大学振动控制与信息系统研究所南京210096)摘要:对发电设备几种常用的状态监测技术进行了分析,重点介绍了适用于汽轮发电机组和旋转机械状态监测的振动分析技术,并就实施状态监测和状态检修相关的一些具体技术问题进行了讨论,其观点可以作为规划和制订状态检修实施计划的参考。
关键词:状态检修;发电设备;振动分析分类号:T M 621 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-5884(2003)06-0337-03Some Technology Issues about Condition M onitor and Condition Based M aintenanceof Generating EquipmentsWANG Qing -hua ,WANG Jiang ,LU Song -yuan(Vibration Control and Info rmation Sy stem Institute ,Southeast University ,Nanjing 210096,China )A bstract :Several technologies of condition mo nitor that are abroad used are listed in this paper .And one of them ,vibra -tion analysis ,w hich is applicable to the steamer -generato r se ts and rotating machinery ,is narrated as a main point .Some views are brought forward during the practice of conditio n monitor and fault diag nose .T hese can give so me refer -ences to prog ram and draw the plan of the technology of Conditio n Based M aintenance .Key words :condition based maintenance ;generation equipment ;vibration analysis0 前 言状态检修是一种先进的设备检修和管理模式,它采用监测手段和分析诊断技术,以准确掌握的设备状态为基础,应用现代管理理念和管理技术,进行检修需求决策,合理安排检修项目、检修间隔和检修周期,以克服定期检修造成的设备检修过度和检修不足,在保证设备安全、可靠和经济运行的同时,提高设备可用率,降低检修成本[1]。
班组长常用工作英文缩写
常用工作英文缩写红色：应知应会（理解含义,挑选讲解常用）黑色（可知可会）穿插管理知识和背景知识（课中要求的必须会，闭卷考试）LOTO: lock out- tag outTB: turn backFTB: field turn back5M1E：Man、Machine、Material、Environment、Measure、Method、人、机、料、环、法、测(鱼骨图)5W1H：Why、What、Who、When、Where、How 为何/做什么/谁做/时间/地点/如何做BOM：物料清单（Bill Of Material）6S：Seiri、Seiton、Seiso、Seiketsu、Shitsuke、Safety 整理、整顿、清扫、清洁、素养、安全+ 节约7SAPQP：Advanced Product Quality Planning产品质量先期策划BPR：企业流程再造（Business Process Reengineering）BTF：计划生产（Build To Forecast）BTO：订单生产（Build To Order）CP：Control Plan 控制计划CPM：要径法（Critical Path Method）项目管理/时间管理Description:品名Decision ：决策、判定Description ：描述Device：装置Do：执行Equipment：设备EMC：电磁相容（Electric Magnetic Capability）Equipment Variation：设备变异FA: Failure Analysis：失效分析Fatigue：疲劳肥体格FIFO：First in, First out先进先出FMEA：Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 潜在失效模式及后果分FMS：弹性制造系统（Flexible Manufacture System）定制化、非标FPY: First-Pass Yield （第一次通过）合格率Gauge system 测量系统Grade 等级Histogram: 直方图 20/80Improvement: 改善Initial review: 先期审查Measurement: 测量Median 中位数Occurrence: 发生率Operation Instruction: 作业指导书Organization: 组织Parto 柏拉图Policy 方针Population 群体Practice 实务(践)Prevention 预防Probability 机率Process capability analysis 制程能力分析（图）Projects 项目Quality manual 品质手册Random experiment 随机试验Repair 返修Repeatability 再现性Reproducibility 再生性Responsibilities 职责Review 评审Rework返工Rolled yield 直通率RPN: Risk Priority Number 风险系数失效模式分析Scrap 报废Size 规格SOP: Standard Operation Procedure 标准作业书Specification 规范Standard Deviation 标准差Sum of squares 平方和Traceability 追溯Training 培训UCL: Upper Control Limit 管制（控制）上限USL: Upper Size Limit 规格上限Validation 确认Variable 计量值Verification 验证Version 版本VOC: Voice of Customer 客户需求AOD：Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采DIM：Dimension 尺寸N：Number 样品数GS：General Specification 一般规格ISO：国际标准组织（International Organization for Standardization）JIT：Just In Time准时（交货）MO：制令（Manufacture Order）MRO：请修（购）单（Maintenance Repair Operation）ODM：委托设计与制造（Original Design & Manufacture）OEM：委托代工（Original Equipment Manufacture）PDCA：Plan、Do、Check、Action 策划、实施、检查、处置PFC：Process Flow Chart过程流程图PMC：Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCs Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS：Pairs 双(对等)CTN：Carton 卡通箱PAL：Pallet/skid 栈板D/C：Date Code 生产日期码SWR ：Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N ：Lot Number 批号P/N：Part Number 料号N/A：Not Applicable 不适用QTY：Quantity 数量I/O ：input/output 输入/输出NG ：Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许APP：Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK：Check 确认ASS'Y：Assembly 装配,组装LRR：Lot Reject Rate 批退率NG：Not Good 不良TBA ：To Be Assured 待定,定缺PPAP：Production Part Approval Process生产件批准程序PPB：十亿分之一Flux：助焊剂P/N:料号L/N：Lot Number批号Version：版本Quantity：数量Valid date：有效日期ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试)ATE：Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备PPM：Parts Per Million 每百万零件不合格数PR：采购申请（Purchase Request）PS：Package Specification 包装规范SPEC：Specification 规格QA：Quality Audit 质量审核/Quality Assurance 质量保证SFC：现场控制（Shop Floor Control）workshopSMART：精明原则Specific Measurable Achievable Result Oriented Timed（具体的描述、可以测量的、可以通过努力实现的、有结果导向性的、有时间性的）SPC：Statistical Process Control统计过程控制T/U: Touch Up (锡面修补)I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test (功能测试-终测)AS 组立assemblage assemblyP/K:包装MDA: manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT) RUN-IN:老化实验HI-pot：高压测试High-Potential (Hi-Pot) TestDPPM: Defect Part Per Million(不良率的一种表达方式：百万分之一) 1000PPM即为0.1% Corrective Action: (CAR改善对策)ACC：允收acceptREJ:拒收rejectS/S：Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI-SIV：Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON：Concession 让步、特许/ Waive放弃、搁置特采OBA:开箱稽核open box auditS/O: Sales Order (业务订单)P/O: Purchase Order (采购订单)P/R: Purchase Request (请购单)QVL: qualified vendor list合格供应商名册KPI: Key performance indicate重要绩效指标Q/R/S：Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL: ship to line（料到上线）NTF: No trouble found误判MRB: material review board（物料审核小组）MRB: Material reject bill退货单SOP: standard operation process（标准作业程序）SIP: Specification inspection process制程检验规格TOP: Test Operation Process (测试作业流程)WI: working instruction（作业指导书）FAR: failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR: Corrective action report改善报告ISAR ：首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request) LOG: Logistics (后勤支持)CIP：Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划8D Sheet: 8 Disciplines sheet ( 8D单)4L ：逐批订购法(Lot-for-Lot)FYI/R:for your information/reference仅供参考ASAP:尽快S/T:Standard time标准时间TPM: total production maintenance：全面生产保养ESD Wrist strap：静电环Electro-Static discharge SWOT：Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat优势﹐弱点﹐机会﹐威胁Vibration Testing：振动测试MAT'S：Material材料LRR：Lot Reject Rate批退率ATIN：Attention知会ATT7M1I: Manpower , Machine , Material , Method, Market , Management ,Money , Information人力，机器，材料，方法, 市场，管理，资金，资讯Action 行动Activity 活动Analysis of Variance 方差分析Approved 承认批准Attribute 计数值Average 平均数Brainstorming Techniques 脑力风暴法Cause and Effect Matrix 因果图(鱼骨图)CL: Center Line 中心线Check Sheets 检查表Complaint 投诉Conformity 合格（符合）Control 控制Control chart 控制(管制)图Correction 纠正Data 数据TCQ：Time、Cost、Quality时间、成本、质量TOC：限制理论（Theory of Constraints）瓶颈理论WIP：在制品（Work In Process）in process out PPE：Product Engineer 产品工程IE: Industrial engineer 工业工程DOE:实验设计PMC:企划W/H:仓库SI: 客验CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点（CR）MAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点（MA）MINOR DEFECT:次要缺点（MI）MAX: Maximum最大值MIN: Minimum最小值DIA：iameter直径DIM：Demension尺寸LCL: Lower control limit管制下限UCL: Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域Compatibility：兼容性Marking：标记markerDWG drawing图面Standardization：标准化ZD: Zero defect零缺点Tolerance：公差忍受Auditor：审核员auditRework：重工redoID：identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN: (试投产)FPIR：First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认CP: capability index（准确度）目标管理QT: Quality target品质目标QP: Quality policy目标方针QI: Quality improvement品质改善CPI: Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Consensus：一致PD: Production Department (制造)Shipping: (进出口)AOQ：Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL：Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP：Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划M.Q.F.S: Material Quality Feedback Sheet (来料品质回馈单)SCAR: Supplier Corrective Action Report (供货商改善对策报告)MPQ: Material Packing Quantity (物料最小包装量)SPS：Switching power supply 电源箱PCB：Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板WDR：Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求DSCN: Delivery Schedule Change Notice (交期变更通知)RCCP：粗略产能规划(Rough Cut Capacity Planning)TQC：全面质量管理（Total Quality Control）QA：品质保证（Quality Assurance）QC：Quality Control 质量控制QCC：品管圈（Quality Control Circle）QFD：Quality Function Development质量功能展开QM：Quality Manual质量手册QMS：Quality Management Systems质量管理体系QP：Quality Procedure质量程序文件/Quality Planning质量策划/Quality Plan 质量计划QP-QC-QI：质量三步曲，质量计划－质量控制－质量改进RMA：退货验收（Returned Material Approval）TQM：Total Quality Management全面质量管理TQM：全面品质管理（Total Quality Management）QC: Quality control品质管理IQC: Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制IPQC: In process quality control 制程检验FQC: Final quality control 最终检验OQC: Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA: Quality assurance 品质保证QE: Quality engineer 品质工程CE: component engineering零件工程EE: equipment engineering设备工程ME: manufacturing engineering制造工程TE: testing engineering测试工程PC: producing control生管Subject matter：主要事项FQC：成品质量管理（Finish or Final Quality Control）CRP：产能需求规划（Capacity Requirements Planning）OQC：出货质量管理（Out-going Quality Control）ABB：实施作业制预算制度（Activity-Based Budgeting）ABM：作业制成本管理（Activity-Base Management）、CAD：Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助能力设计CMK：机器能力指数COPS：Customer Oriented Processes顾客导向过程CPK：过程能力指数EC：设计变更/工程变更（Engineer Change）ECRN：原件规格更改通知（Engineer Change Request Notice）ERP：Enterprise Requirement Planning企业需求计划VOE: Voice of Engineer 工程需求Inventory stock report:庫存清单报告CP：capability index 能力指数IPQC: 制程质量管理（In-Process Quality Control）IQC：进料质量管理（Incoming Quality Control）OLAP：在线分析处理（On-Line Analytical Processing）OPT：最佳生产技术（Optimized Production Technology）PCC：Product control center 生产管制中心PPC：Production Plan Control 生产计划控制ID/C：Identification Code (供货商)识别码。
实验室仪器设备英文
实验室家具 laboratory/lab furniture 威盛亚 wilsonart台面 countertop/worktop实验台 laboratory casework/cabinet 中央台 island bench 边台 wall bench试剂架 reagent shelf/rack 天平台 balance table 仪器台 instrument table通风系统 ventilation system 通风柜 / 橱 fume hood/cupboard 药品柜 medical (storage) cabinet/cupboard 器皿柜 vessel cabinet气瓶柜 gas cylinder (storage) cabinet 实验凳 laboratory/lab stool 实验椅 lab chair 配件 accessories仪器中文名称 仪器英文名称 英文缩写原子发射光谱仪 Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪 Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP 直流等离子体发射光谱仪 DirectCurrent Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP紫外 -可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis微波等离子体光谱仪 Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP 原子吸收光谱仪 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS原子荧光光谱仪 Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR傅里叶变换拉曼光 FT-Raman Spectrometer Gas Chromatograph GC High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLCIon ChromatographGel Permeation Chromatograph GPC Size Exclusion Chromatograph SECX-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometerXRFX-Ray Diffractometer XRDIsotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Electron Energy Disperse SpectroscopyEnergy Disperse Spectroscopy EDSMass Spectrometer MS ICP 质谱联用仪 ICP-MS气相色谱 -质谱联用仪 GC-MS液相色谱 -质谱联用仪 LC-MSNuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESRPolarograph FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪 高压 /效液相色谱仪 离子色谱仪 凝胶渗透色谱仪 体积排阻色谱 X 射线荧光光谱仪 X 射线衍射仪同位素X 荧光光谱仪 电子能谱仪 能谱仪 质谱仪 ICP-MS GC-MS LC-MS 核磁共振波谱仪 电子顺磁共振波谱仪 极谱仪伏安仪Voltammerter自动滴定仪Automatic Titrator电导仪Conductivity MeterpH 计pH Meter水质分析仪Water Test Kits电泳仪Electrophoresis System表面科学Surface Science电子显微镜Electro Microscopy光学显微镜Optical Microscopy金相显微镜Metallurgical Microscopy扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy表面分析仪Surface Analyzer无损检测仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing物性分析Physical Property Analysis热分析仪Thermal Analyzer粘度计Viscometer流变仪Rheometer粒度分析仪Particle Size Analyzer热物理性能测定仪Thermal Physical Property Tester电性能测定仪Electrical Property Tester光学性能测定仪Optical Property Tester机械性能测定仪Mechanical Property Tester燃烧性能测定仪Combustion Property Tester老化性能测定仪Aging Property Tester生物技术分析Biochemical analysisPCR仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain ReactionPCR DNA 及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein传感器Sensors其他Other/Miscellaneous流动分析与过程分析Flow Analytical and Process Analytical Chemistry气体分析Gas Analysis基本物理量测定Basic Physics样品处理Sample Handling金属/ 材料元素分析仪Metal/material elemental analysis环境成分分析仪CHN Analysis发酵罐Fermenter生物反应器Bio-reactor摇床Shaker离心机Centrifuge超声破碎仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer恒温循环泵Constant Temperature Circulator超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter冻干机Freeze Drying EquipmentFraction Collector Protein Sequencer Amino Acid Analyzer Peptide synthesizer DNA Sequencers DNA synthesizer Ultraviolet Lamp Hybridization OvenPCR AmplifierChemiluminescence Apparatus Ultraviolet DetectorElectrophoresisELIASACO2 IncubatorsInverted MicroscopeBechtop Flow CytometerAutomatic Analyzer for MicrobesBiochemical AnalyzerBlood-gas AnalyzerElectrolytic AnalyzerUrine Analyzer Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration Hematocyte Counter 恒温干燥器 /恒温恒湿器 （恒温干燥箱 ） Drying Ovens/HumidityChambers 送风定温恒温器 Forced Convection Constant TemperatureOvens 惰性气体恒温器 Inert Gas Ovens精密恒温器 Precision Constant Temperature Ovens洁净恒温器 Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器 Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 空气幕送风定温恒温器 Forced Convection Ovens With Air Curtain定温干燥箱 Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 角形真空定温干燥器 （真空干燥箱 ） Vacuum Drying Ovens 恒温恒湿器 Constant TemperatureHumidity Chambers 流水线设备 In-Line System for Underfill AdhesiveEncapsulation 恒温培养器 （ 恒温培养箱 ） Constant Temperature Incubators- 可程式低温培养器 Low Temperature Program Type Incubators 低温培养器 Low Temperature Incubators 低温稳定性培养器 Low Temperature Stability Incubators 培养器 IncubatorsCO2培养器 CO2 Incubators 振荡培养器 Shaking Incubators 冻结干燥器 Freeze Dryers 冻结干燥器 Freeze Dryers离心形冻结干燥器 Centrifugal Freeze Dryers 灭菌器 Sterilizers干热灭菌器 Drying Sterilizers高压灭菌器 （ 高压灭菌锅 ） Autoclaves Sterilizers 低温等离子灭菌器 Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers 环形燃烧管灭菌器 Loop Cinerator 纯水制造装置 Water Purifiers 纯水制造装置 Water Stills 超纯水制造装置 Ultra-pure Water Purifiers 简易纯水制造装置 WaterPurifiers 超纯水制造装置系统 Ultra-pure Water Purifier System 大容量纯水制造装置 Water Purifiers System 洗净器 Washers 实验室玻璃器皿清洗机 Laboratory Glassware Washers 超声波清洗机 Ultrasonic Cleaners 大型超声波清洗机 Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning Systems 超部分收集器 氨基酸测序仪 氨基酸组成分析仪 多肽合成仪 DNA 测序仪 DNA 合成仪紫外观察灯 分子杂交仪PCR 仪 化学发光仪 紫外检测仪 电泳 酶标仪 CO2培养箱倒置显微镜 超净工作台 流式细胞仪 微生物自动分析系统 生化分析仪 血气分析仪 电解质分析仪尿液分析仪 临床药物浓度仪血球计数器声波试管清洗机Ultrasonic Pipet Washers 超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners 恒温液槽Constant Temperature Baths 投入式恒温装置Constant Temperature Devices 油槽Oil Baths 振荡式低温水槽Low Constant Temperature Shaking Baths 深槽形恒温水槽ConstantTemperature Water Baths 离心形冻结干燥机器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers 冷却液体循环器Cooling Liquid Circulators 冷却水循环器Cooling Water Circulators 便携式冷却器Immersion Cooler 寒流捕获器Cooling Trap 冷却水外部循环器Cooling Water Circulators 试验槽Thoughs 高温炉High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 马弗炉Muffle Furnaces 超高温电气炉Ultra-High Temperature Electric Furnaces 高温电气炉High Temperature Electric Furnaces 造粒干燥装置（喷雾干燥机、喷雾造粉机、喷雾造粒机） GranulatingDrying Apparatus for Wet Powder BodyLiquid喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer 有机溶剂喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer 生产线喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer for Product Line 浓缩器Evaporators旋转蒸发仪Rotary Evaporators 溶媒回收装置Solvent Recovery Unit 乳化。
航空电子产品振动试验夹具设计
航空电子产品振动试验夹具设计振动试验夹具用于连接振动台和试验产品，并能尽可能不失真的将振动台输出的能量传递给试验产品，在振动试验中发挥着非常重要的作用，试验的成功与否，试验结果的可信程度，与试验夹具的设计、制作及安装使用水平息息相关。
不合理的夹具将导致“过振动”或“欠振动”，使振动条件失真，无法达到预期效果，严重的会对试验样件造成破坏。
本文首先阐述了振动夹具的设计要点，然后以LRM模块为例设计其振动夹具，并使用ANSYS有限元仿真分析软件进行模态仿真，根据仿真结果对夹具进行优化处理，最后设计出优质的振动夹具。
标签：振动；夹具；ANSYS1 振动夹具的设计要点1.1 振动夹具的基本设计要求根据多年的工作实践经验，同时翻阅了的大量的文献资料，我们认为合理可靠的振动夹具首先要保证在试验频率范围内不会与受试产品发生共振耦合，导致振动失真，其次应尽可能地减少夹具的重量，增大其刚度和阻尼。
一个优质的振动夹具主要应满足以下几项要求：①最佳的夹具应使其最低的固有频率比所需的最高施振频率高50%左右，以免试验时产生谐振，大多数航空电子产品的随即振动试验频率范围为10～2000Hz，因此夹具的理想一阶固有频率应在3000Hz左右；②夹具的第一阶固有频率应高于受试产品第一阶固有频率的3～5倍，以避免发生夹具与受试产品的共振耦合，导致过振动；③夹具应做得尽可能的小而简单，由于振动台的推力有限，为保证有足够的推力富余量，在不降低刚度的情况下，夹具重量要尽量的轻；④夹具应采用对称设计，重心位置应当靠近振动台的几何中心，以减小振动偏载力矩，高度方向上重心要低，以减小横振力矩。
1.2 振动夹具材料的选择制作夹具首先要选择材料，材料性能方面应具有较小的密度、较大的刚度和较高的阻尼，且应当易于加工，同时要兼顾加工成本。
直接影响夹具固有频率与性能的因素是材料的弹性模量E与材料密度ρ之比，比值E/ρ非常重要，E决定材料的刚度，ρ决定材料的重量，其值越大越好。
设备故障的案例以及故障诊断的方法。
设备故障的案例以及故障诊断的方法。
Equipment failure is a common occurrence in various industries, and it can lead to significant downtime, loss of productivity, and increased maintenance costs. Therefore, it is crucial to have effective methods for diagnosing equipment failures in order to minimize their impact on operations.设备故障在各行各业都是常见的现象，它会导致显著的停机时间、生产力损失和维护成本增加。
因此，必须有有效的方法来诊断设备故障，以最大程度地减少其对运营的影响。
One common method for diagnosing equipment failures is to conduct a thorough inspection of the equipment to identify any visible signs of damage or malfunction. This can involve examining the physical components of the equipment, such as belts, gears, and electrical connections, as well as reviewing any error codes or alerts that may be present.诊断设备故障的一种常见方法是对设备进行彻底检查，以识别任何可见的损坏或故障迹象。
这可能涉及检查设备的物理组件，如皮带、齿轮和电气连接，以及审查可能存在的任何错误代码或警报。
机械破损检测方法
机械破损检测方法Detecting mechanical damage is a critical aspect in ensuring equipment and machinery operate efficiently and safely. 机械损坏的检测方法对于设备和机械的高效安全运行至关重要。
One of the commonly used methods to detect mechanical damage is visual inspection. Visual inspection involves examining the equipment with the naked eye to identify any visible signs of wear, tear, or other forms of damage. While this method is cost-effective and straightforward, it may not always be accurate in detecting internal damage that is not visible on the surface. 视觉检测是一种常用的检测机械破损的方法。
它涉及用肉眼检查设备，以识别任何可见的磨损、撕裂或其他形式的损害。
虽然这种方法成本低且简单明了，但它并不总是准确的，因为它可能无法检测到表面不可见的内部损害。
Another method for detecting mechanical damage is ultrasonic testing. Ultrasonic testing involves the use of high-frequency sound waves to detect defects and measure the thickness of materials. This method is highly sensitive and can detect even small cracks or defects that are not visible to the naked eye. Ultrasonic testing isparticularly useful in assessing the integrity of critical components such as pipelines, pressure vessels, and structural steel. 另一种检测机械破损的方法是超声波检测。
Trane 振动分析方案说明书
Trane Building AdvantageVibration AnalysisPredictive service for increased ReliabilityOur competitive environment calls for greater equipment reliability at lower operating costs. These needs require innovative, proven and practical solutions that can be quickly implemented to produce fast cost savings.Vibration analysis has become the preferred choice among all non-destructive methods. And it has been established that a vibration signature of a running equipment provides more detailed information on internal components condition than infrared or electrical non-destructive methods.Benefits of Trane vibration analysisEvery piece of HVAC equipment with rotating components has its own vibration signature. Any change in this signature can be used as an accurate means of identifying developing problems such as bearing wear, shaft imbalacing, and degrading screw compressor rotor tolerance. The monitoring and diagnostics system reliably detects potential defects atthe initial stage of their development and identifies the exact defect type and its severity. Vibration analysis can identify problems long before they become noticeable on the environment.Risk removalThe Trane vibration analysis allows you to switch from ‘run to failure’ mode to a more predictive maintenance mode avoiding the high costs involved with emergency repairs and minimizing expenses associated with equipment downtime.Increasing the operating reliability by improving the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) lowers your repair bills.A complete offerThe Trane vibration analysis is part of Trane Building Advantage program. When associated with oil analysis and Compressor R’Newal, it provides a clear, complete and in-depth path allowing you to attain increased reliability and lower operating costs.Trane Building Advantage customized service solutions for building owners address operating performance, energy efficiency, and environment concerns. Vibration analysis is an essential predictive tool that maintains your compressor at the highest level of reliability.Compressor R’newalVibration Analysis Tube Testing ExchangerEnhancement VibrationAnalysis The Trane compressor R’newal program will restore your chiller’s performance and reliability to as new condition.When is the vibration analysis required• When an oil analysis reveals the presence of wear indicating the start of possible bearing or motor failure. Trane oil analysis determines the type of metallic particles in the oil. When combined with the vibration analysis, failing components are clearly identified.• Vibration analysis should be performed on a regular basis to build a vibration trend of the equipment and avoid unplanned downtime and costs.Vibration analysis by TraneThe analysis techniques used by Trane identify a wide range of developing faults such as shaft misalignment, bearing defects, imbalance or motor electrical problems.Measurement of the compressor overall vibration level only is not sufficient. A narrow band frequency analysis is needed to indicate the specific type of developing problem.To conduct this type of detailed analysis, it is essentialTrane ServicesThe real expertise of a manufacturerAt Trane, we are committed to providing a comprehensive portfolio of HVAC solutions throughout your system lifecycle.Breakdown resolutionNo one plans for breakdowns, but when they happen you need the right partner. Our expert Service Engineers use the latest diagnostic tools to guide you through your options to Repair, Renew, Replace or ReThink.Secure operationsAt every point during the lifetime of your equipment - installation, commissioning, maintenance or breakdown - Trane can offer an effective solution with commissioning, first-aid kits and service agreements.System upgradeTrane Building AdvantageTrane is committed to bringing the latest technological advantages to our customers through a wide portfolio of solutions which increase the Efficiency, Reliability and Sustainability of their HVAC plants. Our Service Engineers use their expertise together with the latest diagnostic tools to future-proof your system and make it “better than before”.Equipment rentalFor special events, exceptional needs or when you want to ReThink HVAC management, Trane Rental Services have the right solution. With our extensive fleet of equipment, we can perfectly match your temporary heating and cooling requirements.Contact usWith over 1000 of the best trained sales engineers and service technicians in the industry, Trane is in the best position to serve your needs. Just call us and we will help you configure the Trane Free Cooling solution for your HVAC system.• Systems approach • Dependable installations • Energy saving solutions • Operating cost optimization • Chiller plant management solutions •Chilled water production solutions.ECTV-SLB032-GB June 2020© 2020 Trane. All Rights Reserved.Trane – by Trane Technologies (NYSE: TT), a global climate innovator – creates comfortable, energy efficient indoor environments through a broad portfolio of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems and controls, services, parts and supply. For more information, please visit trane.eu or .。
lng加气站维护保养方案及流程
lng加气站维护保养方案及流程Maintaining and servicing an LNG refueling station is crucial to ensuring its safety, reliability, and efficiency. 维护和保养液化天然气加气站对于确保其安全、可靠性和效率至关重要。
Regular maintenanceand servicing help to prevent potential issues and extend the lifespan of the equipment. 定期的维护和保养有助于预防潜在的问题，并延长设备的使用寿命。
In this article, we will discuss the maintenance and servicing plan and procedures for LNG refueling stations. 在本文中，我们将讨论液化天然气加气站的维护保养方案和流程。
Firstly, it is important to establish a comprehensive maintenance schedule for different components of the LNG refueling station. 首先，对于液化天然气加气站的不同部件建立全面的维护计划非常重要。
This includes regular checks and servicing of the storage tanks, dispensers, compressors, vaporizers, pressure relief devices, and control systems. 这包括定期检查和维护储罐、分配器、压缩机、蒸发器、减压装置和控制系统。
A thorough inspection and testing of safety and emergency shutdown systems should also be included in the maintenance plan. 维护计划还应包括对安全和应急关闭系统的彻底检查和测试。
TPM全面生产维护(中英文版)
• Process Mapping • Value Analysis • Brainstorming • Multi-Voting Techniques • Pareto Charts • C&E/Fishbone Diagrams • FMEA • Check Sheets • Run Charts • Control Charts • Gage R&R
RD011202
精益6 过程改善流程
定义
• 选定题目 • 列出客户 • 从顾客之声中列出关建需
求 • 定出项目焦点和重要指标 • 完成 PDF
测量
• 绘制业务流程图 • 绘制价值流程图 • 制定数据收集计划 • 测量系统分析 • 收集数据 • 过程能力分析
定义
• 项目编号工具 • 项目定义表 • 净现值分析 • 内部回报率分析 • 折算现金流分析 • PIP管理过程 • RACI • Quad 表
Measure
• Map Business Process • Map Value Stream • Develop Data
Collection Plan • Conduct Measurement
System Analysis • Collect Data • Conduct Process
Capability Analysis
Analyze
Improve
• Project ID Tools • Project Definition Form • Net Present Value
Analysis • Internal Rate of Return
Analysis • Discounted Cash Flow
Analysis • PIP Management Process • RACI • Quad Charts
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3 0 %
Case Study --Current Issue
P8”*1/2*1-1/4 37C80KVK
Worktable
Scratch
Burr
Case Study --Signal Analysis(Velocity)
Spindle Only
Unit: ips RMS Spindle only Table only Vertical Horizontal Standard 0.0152 0.0231 0.04 0.0307 0.0475
Machine Tool
Work material
Abrasive Tools
Operating Factors
Macroscopic variables
Microsco pic Interacti ons
T
Technical Output Output
Ra
T
System output
Why We Need VIS
Why We Need VIS
Vibration in Grinding
r
Burn & Crack
Poor SF & Low tolerance
Increase Wheel Wear
Rejected/Poor Quality
Why We Need VIS
Input Help customer to solve emergency issue based on analysis of VIS signal Monitor new/good condition of machine for baseline Systematic solution for production & machine improvement Process
Vibration Analysis Equipment
Outline
Orientation of VIS Why we need VIS Case Study
Orientation of VIS
VIS is a system to monitor vibration of machine which can record and analyze amplitude of vibration. VIS consist s of an accelerometer, wired case and an Ipad The accelerometer output a signal that proportional to the amplitude of vibration The processor then performs a FFT analysis of the signal and displays it
Function of VIS
Collects and processes vibration signals of industrial machinery A tool for machine condition monitoring and automatically provides possible machine defects Measure in real-time the percentage of vibrational energy that is being transmitted through a structure An industrial tool to simplify the balancing procedure of grinding wheels with 3 sliding weights A vibration meter software with machine certification capabilities
0.0231
Spindle Only
30%
0.0161
Machine1
Machine 2
Table vibration of Machine 1# is almost double than Machine 2# which means Machine #1 is in poor condition with the main issues being related to the rotary worktable. As with Machine #1, the spindle vibration levels were low, indicating that the spindle is in good condition.
?
2 of VIS devices in US 1 of VIS device in EU 1 of VIS device in India
Why We Need VIS
Crack Burn Poor SF
30%~50% issues during grinding are related to vibration
Case Study --Recommendation
Possible Concept Method New Process Development
Machining Center
Design & test whole parameter of new process
Table Only
Case Study --Signal Analysis for Velocity
0.05 0.045 0.04 Volecity (ips- RMS) 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 Table Only 0.0475
52%
0.0243