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课后泛读文本（13）(1) 284 wordsA favorite American expression says, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” And that is exactly what a young girl from Connecticut decided to do.Before her first birthday, Alexandra "Alex" Scott was diagnosed with a fast-growing type of cancer. Instead of a happy, enjoyable childhood, Alex's life became a series of trips to the hospital. Over time, she met many children who, like herself, were going through painful chemotherapy(化学治疗) treatments. This prompted Alex to come up with a plan to “make lemonade.”At the age of 4, Alex decided to raise money to fight cancer. With her parents' support, she started a neighborhood lemonade stand, charging 50 cents a cup.At the end of the first month, Alex had raised over $2,000 with more than one generous person paying $500 for a single cup of lemonade.After moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Alex took part in experimental cancer treatment. She continued her fundraising. Soon the news of Alex's stand began to spread. More and more people joined her cause. Communities and schools began setting up their own "Alex's lemonade stands." People from around the world wrote to give encouragement and show gratitude to the brave little girl.Sadly, on August 1, 2004, Alex lost her battle with cancer—but not before raising an amazing $700,000! It was her privilege to present this amount to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Alex's dream of raising $1 million was realized in November 2004, three months after her death."She believed that one little person can make a big difference," said Alex's father, Jay.Alex has left a remarkable legacy. Across America, lemonade stands continue to make difference in the fight against cancer.（2）357 wordsThe lack of clean drinking water is a major problem worldwide. The World Health Organization says more than one billion people live in areas where renewable water resources are not available. The problem is especially serious in Asia and the Pacific. A United Nations report says water availability in that area is the second lowest in the world, after Africa.Nearly 700,000 people in Asia and the Pacific lack safe drinking water. The U.N. report notes that the world's poorest countries are also the ones that use the most water for agriculture. Agriculture uses about 80% of the water in the Asia-Pacific area. There has also been an increase in water used for industry. China and India more than tripled their industrial water use between 1992 and 2002.The lack of clean drinking water around the world forces millions of people to drink unsafe water. This leads to an increase in diseases like diarrhea, the second leading cause of death in children under five. Floods, droughts, pollution and climate change have created even more problems.The Millennium Development Goals for 2015 call for a 50% decrease in the number of people without safe drinking water and basic sanitation.Scientists, governments and aid organizations around the world are increasing their efforts to meet these goals. Still the U.N. says there is much work to be done. During its yearly World Water Day observance last month it called on the international community to work together to solve the water crisis. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are doing just that.The American and South Korean researchers are investigating a new technology for turning sea water into drinking water. The new technology is called ion concentration polarization. The process uses electricity to help separate electrically charged salt particles from water to make it drinkable.The researchers tested their desalination process on a computer chip the size of a postage stamp. The chip removed 99% of the salt and other harmful substances from water samples. So far the method purifies only small amounts of water. But the researchers say it may someday be available as a personal water purification product.（3）360 wordsIn a community, every person counts. Joining in your community is not hard. Find a need or an issue you really care about. Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community.People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And problem only becomes worse until someone can't tolerate it and does something. Get together with your friends to organize a cleanup program. You can pick up trash in a large area twice a year. Or you could clean a small area every few months. Living in a spruced-up neighborhood will be a reward in itself.Your special skill or hobby might be more valuable than you think. For example, the Giving Strings Orchestra in Ohio donates money from its concerts to children's charities. 11-year-old Jacob Komar gives more than 60 computers which he has upgraded and rebuilt to families who cannot afford. If you knit or sew, garden or raise birds, think about how your hobby can benefit others.To make a difference, you don't have to be talented or rich. Just find a need and fill it! You can set up a program to collect books and distribute them to school libraries. If you are a parent, you know how quickly children outgrow their toys. Why not find new home for those perfectly good toys?Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who are housebound. They are often elderly. By letting them "borrow" your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them, like shopping or paying bills. You can also read to them if their vision is failing. You can give them friendship that governments can't provide. That's what communities are for!Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion. Or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion. And this often challenges people to take action. The clubs are a good way to welcome newcomers to the community. Newcomers can find new friends with similar interests.（4）384 wordsThe days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken mainly by banning tiger-shooting to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modem hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are a few who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauty of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote:"You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it clearly and on the animal's own territory (领地|) . You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing — not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people."I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits。