2019-2020学年菏泽市第一中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年菏泽市第一中学高三英语三模试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Exciting Adventure Options to Choose From!
BIRD WALK(Any time of year)-Join us for a private bird walk through our sanctuary(保护区）。

The Bent's grasslands, trees and woods provide great habitat(栖息地）for birds moving from one place to another, such as Warblers, Vireos, Indigo Buntings, Thrushes, Orioles, and more. This walk will be made to the members in your party.
Suitable for ages 5 and up
Program Fee:$150
NATURE HIKE(Any time of year)-Take a private hike with Bent of the River! Your personal guide will show you notable habitats and wildlife around the center trails. Nature is exciting and always changing, so you never know what we will find along the way! This program is ideal for people who want to enjoy beautiful scenery while hiking.
Suitable for ages 8 and up
Program Fee:$150
POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION(June and July only)-Many fascinating creatures live in and around the Pomperaug River! During this recreational(休闲的)program, an Audubon naturalist will share the human and natural history of the river and teach you how to catch fish and animals. The Bent will supply you with necessary tools, such as nets, containers, and field guides. Once the animals are caught, we will observe and identify(确定身份)them and learn how they can help show the health of the river before we put them back to the wild.
Suitable for ages 8 and up
Program Fee:$150
OWL PROWL(January and February only)-Enjoy a special guided adventure in search of one of the most beloved groups of birds-owls(猫头鹰）！We will be prowling for owls on awalk through the grassland and forests in hopes of seeing one of the three owl species known to live in Connecticut: the Great-horned Owl, Barred Owl, or Eastern Screech-Owl.
Evening event
Suitable for ages 10 and up
Program Fee:$225
1.Which of the programs is suitable for the Browns with a girl of five years old?
A.BIRD WALK.
B.NATURE HIKE.
C.POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION.
D.OWL PROWL.
2.What will you do with the fish you catch in POMPERAUG RIVER EXPLORATION?
A.Find out their health.
B.Do a scientific research.
C.Cook them as food on the table.
D.Set them free back to the river.
3.Whom is this text written for?
A.Students.
B.Teachers.
C.Scientists.
D.Adventurers.
B
Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.
All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.
But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.
It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.
In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.
We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?
An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.
If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.
However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.
4. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?
A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.
B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.
C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.
D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.
5. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?
A. The public.
B. The incentive initiators.
C. The peer researchers.
D. The high-impact journal editors.
6. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.
B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.
C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.
D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.
7. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?
A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.
B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.
C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.
D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.
C
Mark Twain,the famous American writer,was once traveling in France.He went by trainto Dijon.He was very tired and wanted to sleep.He therefore asked the conductor to wake him up when the train came to Dijon.
But first he explained he was a very heavy sleeper,“I may possibly protest(抗议)loudly when you try to wake me up,” he said to the conductor.“But don’t take any notice of what I say.Just put me off the train anyway.”
Then Mark Twain went to ter,when he woke up it was night time and the train had reached Paris already.He realized at once that the conductor had forgotten to wake him up at Dijon.He was so angry that he ran to the conductor and began to shout at him.
“I have never been so angry in my life,” Mark Twain said.
The conductor looked at him calmly(平静地).“You are not half so angry as the American whom I put off the train atDijon,” he said.
8. Mark Twain knew that he was a heavy sleeper,so ________.
A. he protested loudly to the conductor
B. he did not sleep before he arrived inDijon
C. he told the conductor to wake him up no matter how loudly he might protest
D. he slept lightly that time
9. The conductor didn’t wake up Mark Twain atDijonbecause ________.
A. he didn’t take Mark Twain’s words seriously
B. he forgot Mark Twain’s words when the train came toDijon
C. he did not want to bear his protest
D. he mistook another American traveler for Mark Twain
10. The American whom the conductor put off the train ________.
A. did not want to get off atDijon
B. wanted to get off atParis
C. wanted to get off atDijon
D. did not want to get off atParis
11. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The conductor didn’t take Mark Twain’s words seriously.
B. The conductor did take Mark Twain’s words seriously.
C. The conductor was a heavy sleeper.
D. Mark Twain must get off atParis.
D
One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.
“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”
“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”
“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”
“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”
With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.
“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.
“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”
At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services atRedcarCollege, was passing byQueen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”
The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.
As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”
Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.
12. When did Tallulah get choked?
A. While eating sweets.
B. While enjoying a drama.
C. While having a meal.
D. While taking some medicine.
13. Why did the family go out into the street?
A. To buy some needed tools.
B. To search for timely help.
C. To get a breath of fresh air.
D. To wait for the ambulance to arrive.
14. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin?
A. Brave and selfless.
B. Kind and energetic.
C. Determined and generous.
D. Quick-thinking and helpful.
15. What may be the best title for the text?
A. First aid skill sounds important.
B. Screaming for help makes sense.
C. Eating sweets endangers baby girl.
D. Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项If you’re a procrastinator(拖延的人), you’re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you’re likely having trouble getting started in the first place!____16____
Change your mind. Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating. The more stressed out you are, the harder it’ll be to get your work done. Don’t be angry with yourself. Just move on and focus on what you’ve got to do instead.____17____Wasting time yelling at yourself for not starting that 2, 000-word essay two weeks ago will only make you extra tired and frustrated. It will also stress you out, likely making it impossible for you to finish your assignment at that time.
Avoid a long disorganized to-do list. This is just setting yourself up for failure. Instead, create subcategories like “Home”, “Work”, “Family”, and “Fun” and just try to cross off a few entries from each list every day.
Do most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you’re about to work for, just start. Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.____18____Once you come up for air, take a two-minute break. Then start up on another set of 15 minutes of work.
____19____It can be scary to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break it all down into tiny pieces.____20____
A. Break tasks down into small pieces.
B. Never think about the past experiences.
C. Guilt and regret are negative emotions.
D. However, there is always some time when you can’t pull through.
E. If 15 minutes still sounds too frightening, do something for just 3 minutes.
F. Thus, you’ll be able to get started on the smallest piece and go forward from there.
G. Hopefully, there are several strategies that can help you stop procrastinating right now.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Years ago,I had a quarrel with a friend owing to a misunderstanding. It was .___21___my fault, but I was afraid to admit that I was wrong, so we didn’t speak for a long time. Several years later we came across each other and decided to meet for lunch. It was so___22___that we kept meeting. After two or three meals together,I felt___23___to apologize for my behavior years earlier.
My experience is never unique. Many people___24___apologizing because the idea of admitting to wrong behavior makes them___25___uncomfortable. Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always___26___our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won’t____27___our apology. We all like to___28___ourselves as good people—as kind, honest and considerate. For these___29___, an apology can be very difficult to give.
Given my____30____, there is no doubt that an apology is a vital tool for____31____a relationship to make it functional again. Usually, a(n)____32____apology is called for, but if the victim is angry at the wrong behavior, it may be more____33____to wait, because their____34____may prevent them from accepting our apologies. Also a delay____35____an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the offender has time to reflect on his/ her____36____. But a heartfelt apology has more powerful effects, which can improve our mental health and repair our____37____personal relationships.____38____,expressing regret and acknowledging responsibility are equally vital. Without____39____, it’s a good reason of your actions ; without responsibility, it’s an excuse.
My friend and I had lunch recently, 15 years after my belated apology. Admitting that everything had been my fault helped us heal our relationship. We’re both____40____to have our friendship today.
21. A. hardly B. narrowly C. completely D. usually
22. A. pleasant B. awkward C. ridiculous D. strange .
23. A. surprised B. comfortable C. terrible D. forced
24. A. allow B. avoid C. appreciate D. advocate
25. A. regretfully B. easily C. slightly D. terribly
26. A. go back to B. look up to C. give way to D. live up to
27. A. accept B. analyze C. exchange D. check
28. A. serve B. view . C. present D. treat
29. A. reasons B. contents C. comments D. examples
30. A. need B. sense C. experience D. character
31. A. developing B. rebuilding C. announcing D. practicing
32. A. frequent B. permanent C. immediate D. formal
33. A. convenient B. effective C. adventurous D. inspiring
34. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. anger D. worry
35. A. discovers B. records C. supplies D. increases
36. A. misdeeds B. reputations C. questions D. decisions .
37. A. damaged B. disturbed C. required D. disabled
38. A. Instead B. Thus C. Meanwhile D. However
39. A. challenge B. regret C. expression D. influence
40. A. tolerant B. cautious C. enthusiastic . D. appreciative
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
There are many elective courses for students to choose____41.____at my university,____42.____(range) from art to zoology. For instance, I took a course on the harmonica this semester.
I think the elective courses give me a feeling that I can’t get from compulsory courses. For example, when I am bored with learning English, I take out the harmonica and play for a while, and immediately all my____43.____(bore) will go away.
One of my roommates chose to take Japanese as an elective,____44.____she believes____45.____(prove) useful to her career. After all,____46.____second language can make her resume more attractive. She is more practical than I am, but I’d say that the____47.____(major) of students choose their electives out of personal interests.
There is no____48.____(deny) the fact that elective courses can____49.____(broad) our horizon. However, as the saying goes “You can’t have your cake and eat it, too.” We shouldn’t neglect the major course we are studying while immersing ourselves in the_____50._____(please) we find in elective courses.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Throughout history, people all around the world have been fascinated by dragons. In ancientChina, the dragons are heroes and anything compared with a dragon was considered powerful. The ancient Chinese believed that Chinese dragons protected to their lands and families and helped them at all times. They wanted dragons to be involving in each aspect of them lives. They also believed that Chinese dragons actual created the Chinese people. These dragons represented every positive characteristic people admiring. They were wise, strong, kind or beautiful. According to ancient Chinese tradition, there's even a Year of the Dragon during that great prosperity (成功) will come to people, especially those born in that year. In many ways, the Chinese dragon is a symbol of nation of China.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
高三毕业后的这个暑假，你打算好好利用，却又不知道该做些什么，你的朋友李华给了你一些建议：学习一门实用的技术，如开车去一个向往已久的地方来一场毕业旅行；去贫困山区希望小学做志愿者；找一份暑期兼职。

请你写一封信给她，告诉她你的想法。

你的文章必须包括：
1.你的最终选择；
2.你的理由。

参考答案
1. A
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
16. G 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. F
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32.
C 33. B 34. C 35.
D 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. from
42. ranging
43. boredom
44. which 45. will prove
46. a 47. majority
48. denying
49. broaden
50. pleasure
51.(1). are→were
(2). with→to
(3). 删除to
(4). involving→involved
(5). them→their
(6). actual→actually
(7). admiring→admired
(8). or→and
(9). that→which
(10). 在nation前加the 52.略。