高考英语阅读理解核心笔记(学生)
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高考英语阅读理解核心笔记
“阅读理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道题,而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章!”
阅读理解的主要题型
一、主旨大意
(一)常见的提问方式:
(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______.
(2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________.
(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
(4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ________.
(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
(7) What topic is treated in the passage?
(8) The passage makes clear that ________.
(9) Which of the following best sum up the passage?
(二)怎样挖掘文章主旨
1、依照中心词确定主题。
2、抓住主题句来确定主题
(1)识别主题句与细节
① raises some farm animals.
② has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well.
(2)主题句的定位(分析文章结构)
①开门见山,点出主题(主题句出现在开头)
②详细论证,总结陈词(主题句出现在结尾)
③引题过渡,引出主题(主题句出现在中间)
(三)技巧及注意事项
(1)无论它出现在题目当中哪个位置,都建议作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其它题目以后会对主旨的理解有帮助。
(2)主旨在文章中间时,遇到文章前后段意思转折,要提高警惕。
(3)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。
(4)正确选项不出现细节信息,不含过分肯定和绝对意义的词,覆盖面不能过大也不能过小。
二、细节理解
(一)常见的提问方式:
(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?
(2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true?
(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____.
(4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…?
(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like?
(二)常见的细节理解题型及解题方法:
1)排序题。
方法:“首尾定位法”(找出第一个动作和最后的一个动作,缩小选择范围)
2)图形辨认题
方法:“按文索图法”(找出描绘图形的句段,进行文图对照)
3)数字换算题
方法:“列表推算法”(找出与题干相关的数据列表或推算)
4)表格理解题
方法:“文表分析法”(把题干、选项与表格对照分析)
5)应用广告类事实信息题
方法:“题干定位法”(直接阅读题干,在文中找答案,不必阅读全文)
(三)技巧及注意事项
(1)命题者往往通过改变或去掉特定的修饰语(all, every, always, never, completely, altogether 等),使信息范围,程度,色彩发生细微变化,从而导致考生误选。(扩缩范围干扰法)
(2)注意顺藤摸瓜,在文章中找到句子,通常不可能与阅读材料完全一样,而是换用不同的表达方式。(词义转换+语义转换)
三、推理判断
(一)常见的提问方式:
(1) We can know from the passage that ______.
(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ______.
(3) The passage implies that ________.
(4) The passage suggests that _________.
(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
(6) The underlined sentence indicates that _______.
(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.
(二)怎样做出推理判断
此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型,属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多,有时会达到阅读理解试题的一半左右。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。做这类题时要注意:在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。
(三)技巧及注意事项
(1)正确选项并非对原文的简单复述,而是作者在文章中没有提到的,没有明说的,或者可能发生的事实,勿把直接表达当作间接推理。
(2)注意文章中含义深刻或结构复杂的句子,考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看懂,也是命题点所在。
四、作者意图(态度)
(一)这种题型常见的提问方式:
(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against ______.
(2) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _______.
(3) The author may probably agree with/ support _______.
(4) What’s the author’s attitude /viewpoint towards _______?
(5) How does the author feel about ________?
(6) The author implies that _______. The author gives the impression that ________.
(8) In the author’s opinion, ________.
(9) The tone of the author may be _______.
(二) 怎样揣摩作者的意图或态度