高考英语(外研版)总复习 学案Module5 The Conquest of the Universe(选修8)

Module 5
The Conquest of the Universe
基础自主回顾
Ⅰ.课标单词
1．__________(adj.)历史性的，有重大历史意义的
2．__________(v.)目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
3．__________(v.)爆炸
4．__________(v.)看，观察
5．__________(v.)承认；认为
6．__________(adj.)任意的；随机的
7．__________(n.)失败
8．__________(v.)指责
historic
witness
burst
view
acknowledge
random
defeat
accuse
9．__________(v.)起誓保证
10．__________(n.)(刚提及的两个人或物之中的后一个，第二个)
11．__________(n.)部分
12．__________(v.)预知；预见
13．__________(n.)帮助
14．__________(adj.)丰富的；广泛的
15．__________(n.)同情；同情心
swear
latter
division
foresee
aid
broad
sympathy
16．__________(adj.)一致的；吻合的
17．__________(n.)尊贵；尊严
18．__________(adj.)剧烈的；激烈的
19．__________(adj.)稳定的；安定的
20．__________(adj.)最高超的；最优的
21．__________(v.)咨询；请教
22．__________(adj.)习惯的→__________(vt.)使……习惯
23．__________(v.)假定，假设→___________(n.)假定，假设
consistent
dignity
acute
stable
supreme
consult
accustomed
accustom
assume
assumption
24．__________(n.)耐心→__________(adj.)耐心的→__________(adv.)耐心地
25．__________(adj.)高级的，先进的→__________(vt.&vi.&n.)前进；取得进展；推进；增进26．__________(v.)依靠；取决于→____________(n.)→__________(adj.)依靠的；依赖的27．__________(n.)安慰；宽慰→__________(vt.)减轻；救济；解除
28．__________(n.)忠诚→__________(vt.)奉献；致力于
patience
patient
patiently
advanced
advance
depend
dependence
dependent
relief
relieve
devotion
devote
Ⅱ.常用短语
1．____________成功；及时到达，赶上
2．____________不管
3．____________祈望；祈求
4．_______________________习惯于
5．____________开始做；着手进行
6．____________踏上
7．__________________依靠，指望
make it
in spite of
pray for
be accustomed to
set out to do
set foot on
depend on/upon
8．________________令某人悲伤的是
9．_________________与……一致
10．________________________指责某人某事
11．____________与……相似的
12．____________一系列的；一连串的
13．_____________________来帮某人
14．_______________________在……一开始的时候
to one's sorrow
be consistent with
accuse sb. of (doing) sth
be similar to
a series of
come to one's aid
at the very beginning of
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be ________ dangerous ________ getting on an aeroplane. 全世界都震惊了——也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。

答案：no more; than
2．...little ________ he know what impact he was going to make.
……他根本不知道他将要造成多大的轰动。

答案：did
3．________________， both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that...
尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……
答案：Incredible as it may seem
Ⅳ.模块语法
1. ________seems strange to us is ________ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.
A. It；that
B. What；how
C. It；how
D. What；that
答案与解析：D 本题考查名词性从句的用法。

句意：让我们很奇怪的是，这个讨厌的男孩和他所有的老师相处得都很融洽。

why引导了一个主语从句：that 引导了一个表语从句。

2．________troubles me most is ________I can‘t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. What；that
B. That；what
C. What；what
D. That；that
答案与解析：A 本题考查名词性从句的用法。

what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，该从句意思是“最使我感到麻烦的是”；that引导表语从句，that 引导名词性从句时，不作任何成分。

3．Nobody believed his reason for being late for his class ________ his bicycle had broken down halfway.
A. why
B. because
C. that
D. which
答案与解析：C 本题考查that引导同位语从句的用法。

that引导的从句作reason的同位语。

4．________she couldn‘t understand was ________ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What；why
B. That；what
C. What；because
D. Why；that
答案与解析：A 本题考查名词性从句的用法。

what引导了主语从句并在从句中作宾语；why引导了表语从句并在从句中作原因状语。

5．________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. That
C. How
D. Whoever
答案与解析：D 本题考查whoever引导主语从句的用法。

whoever引导主语从句，强调“无论是谁”。

考点探究解密
考点解读
1．accustomed adj.经常的，惯常的
Li Hua is accustomed to working hard.
精讲拓展：
①accustom vt.(与介词to连用)使习惯于……，使适应……
②accustom oneself/sb. to使自己/某人习惯于；养成……的习惯
③be accustomed to习惯于(表示状态)
④become/get accustomed to习惯于(不延续的动作)
⑤be used to习惯于
⑥be in the habit of习惯于
朗文在线：
①He was accustomed to a life of luxury.
他习惯了奢华的生活。

②It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我经过了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。

命题方向：accustomed作形容词的用法和所构成的句型，有可能在高考单项填空和完形填空中考查。

活学巧练：
(1)They had to ________ (使习惯) themselves to the hot weather in the south.
答案：(1)accustom
(2)Somehow, I couldn't ________ (适应)the school life here.
答案：(2)get accustomed to
(3)They will soon become_accustomed_to speaking English in class.(替换)______
答案：(3)be used to
(4)我不习惯这么早起床。

翻译：________________________________________________________________________
答案：(4)I'm not accustomed to getting up so early.
(5)他们将很快适应在课堂上讲英语。

翻译：________________________________________________________________________
答案：(5)They will soon get/become accustomed to speaking English in class.
(6)他们不得不使自己习惯南方炎热的天气。

翻译：________________________________________________________________________
答案：(6)They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather in the south.
2．assume v．(1)假定，假设，认为；(2)承担(责任)，取得(权力)，就职；(3)呈现(外观，样子)，显露(特征)；(4)假装，装出
精讲拓展：
①assume the worst 向最坏处打算
②assume for 假设……
③assume that 从句，假定……
④assumed adj. 假定的，假设的
⑤assumption n. 假定，假设，承担……责任，担任
⑥ provided ( that ) /providing ( that)．..如果……只有……
⑦assume sb. to be 认为某人……
朗文在线：
①Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
我们暂时假设计划成功。

②The court assumed responsibility for the girls‘ education.
法庭承担了保障这些女孩受教育的责任。

③The matter has assumed importance.
这件事看来相当重要。

④He assumed a feeling of sorrow.
他假装很悲伤。

活学巧练：
I hope to go to college next year，________I pass the exams.
A．assumed B．assume
C．assuming D．to assume
答案与解析：C 句意：我希望明年上大学，认为我能通过考试。

assuming 在句中作伴随状语，且与主句形成主谓关系。

3．acknowledge vt.承认；公认为；认为；对……表示感谢，答谢，致谢；表明已收到
I acknowledge the truth of his statement.
精讲拓展：
①acknowledge one‘s defeat承认失败
②It is universally acknowledge that...……是大家所公认的
③acknowledge the applause谢幕
④acknowledged adj.公认的
⑤acknowledgely adv.公认地
⑥acknowledgment n．承认，承认书；感谢
词语辨析：admit，acknowledge与confess
①admit通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性，含“不情愿”之意。

②acknowledge指“公开承认”，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事。

③confess看重承认自己的过错或罪恶，因此有“忏悔”“坦白”的含义。

朗文在线：
①Do you acknowledge that you‘ve been wrong?
你承认是你错了吗？
②Tom was widely acknowledged to be the honest student in our class.
汤姆被认为是班里最诚实的学生。

③The company acknowledged the receipt of the goods.
公司来函告知货物已收到。

活学巧练：
(1)普遍认为他是世界最佳运动员。

He is widely ________________ the best player in the world.
＝He is widely ________________ the best player in the world.
＝______________he is the best player in the world.
答案：acknowledged to be; acknowledged as; It is acknowledged that
(2)We ________with thanks your timely aid when we were in trouble.
A．attributed B．knowledge
C．acknowledged D．promised
答案与解析：C 句意：我们对你的及时帮助表示深深谢意；attribute“对……贡献”；knowledge n．“知识”；promise“许诺”。

4．consult vi.& vt. (1)咨询，请教；(2)(与某人)商议，商量(以得到许可或帮助决策)；(3)查阅，查询，参看
精讲拓展：
①consultant n．顾问
②consultation n．咨询，请教；磋商
③consult sb.‘s convenience/wishes考虑到某人的方便/愿望
④consult a doctor about one’s illness找医生看病
⑤consult reference books/the dictionary翻阅参考书/查词典
⑥refer to the dictionary/look up the word in the dictionary查字典
⑦consult one's watch 看手表
⑧consult sb.'s feelings 尊重某人的感情
⑨consult with sb. 与某人商量，与某人磋商
⑩consult sb. about sth. 请教某人某事
朗文在线：
①Have you consulted your doctor about your disease?
关于你的病情你问过医生了吗？
②He consulted with me about his business future.
关于他的业务的下一步打算他和我商讨过。

③He has consulted many medical books.
他查阅过很多医书。

活学巧练：
Don‘t ________your dictionary when you do this exercise.
A．consult B．look up
C．insult D．result
答案与解析：A consult the dictionary“查字典”，与look up the word in a dictionary意思相同；insult vt.“侮辱，辱骂”；result n．“结果，成果，后果”。

5．accuse vt.指责
精讲拓展：
①accuse sb. of...指控某人……
②the accused被告
③accusation n．控告，告发；指控
朗文在线：
①He was accused of murder.
他被指控犯了谋杀罪。

②The report accused the government of shirking its responsibilities.
报告指责政府推卸责任。

③His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too loudly.
邻居指责他乐器弹奏的声音太吵了。

词语辨析：accuse与charge
①accuse指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”。

②charge指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”。

③二者的用法搭配不同：
accuse sb. of sth.; charge sb. with sth.
She accused him of stealing her watch.
她控告他偷她的表。

The police are going to charge him with murder.
警察要控告他杀人。

命题方向：accuse为新课标重点词汇，该词与其名词形式accusation有可能以词义辨析的形式出现在高考单项填空或完形填空中。

活学巧练：介/副词填空
(1)Her son was accused ________ cheating by the police.
答案：of
(2)(2009·四川南充模拟)The soldier was ________ of running away when the enemy attacked.
A. scolded
B. charged
C. accused
D. punished
答案与解析：C 考查动词辨析。

可从介词角度考虑：scold和punish与for连用；charge作“控告”讲时，与with连用，故这三词均被排除。

accuse用法为accuse sb. of (doing) sth.。

6．relief n．安慰；宽慰
精讲拓展：
①to one's relief使某人感到宽慰的是
②a relief fund救济金
③give relief to sb.'s sorrow减轻某人的悲伤
④relieve vt.减轻；换班；救济；调剂
⑤relieve one's feelings发泄感情
⑥relieve sb. of sth.替某人拿重物；帮助某人减轻(负担)
朗文在线：
①Much to my relief/To my great relief, her injuries were only slight.
她的伤势很轻，这使我大为放心。

②This medicine will give/bring you some relief.
这药会减轻你一些痛苦。

③Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel/of some of the housework.
我来帮你拿这好沉的一大包东西吧/我来帮你做些家务吧。

命题方向：relief和其动词形式relieve有可能以词义辨析的形式出现在高考单项填空和完形填空中。

活学巧练：
To our great ________， Geoffrey‘s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.
A．anxiety B．relief
C．View D．judgment
答案与解析：B 根据句意，病情不是那样严重，使人“宽慰”。

7．make it成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加
精讲拓展：
①make it big大获成功
②make it through熬过……，挺过……
③make it＋time就定为某时间吧；看表是……时候
④make it up to sb.给某人补偿
⑤make it up with sb.和某人和解；和某人言归于好
朗文在线：
①If we run, we should make it.
如果跑着去的话，我们应该还能赶得上。

②I don‘t know how I’m going to make it through the day.
我不知道我将如何熬过这一天。

③The other day I had a quarrel with Tom, but now I have made it up with him.
前几天我和汤姆吵架了，但现在我和他已和好如初了。

活学巧练：
—He got the first prize in his math contest.
—Yes，I wondered how he did ________.
A. make to it
B. make to
C. make successes
D. make it
答案与解析：D 考查固定短语make it成功做某事。

句意：——他在数学竞赛中获得一等奖。

——是的，对他是如何做到的，我感到奇怪。

8．An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe,37，who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔·麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。

Christa McAuliffe与an ordinary teacher是同位语；37与who引导的非限制性定语从句都是来修饰、限定、解释与说明an ordinary teacher的。

动词不定式短语：to be the first civilian in space在句中作表语，表示“有安排意向或者目的打算。

”
My brother is to be married.
我哥哥打算要结婚。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立刻开始工作。

误区警示：
(1)动词不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

(2)主语是动词不定式(表条件)，表语也是不定式(表结果)。

(3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。

(4)be about to do表主客观未实现的意图。

(不与具体时间连用)
(5)expect，intend，hope，mean，plan，promise，suppose，think，want，wish后接动词不定式表示愿望或想法。

(6)had better/would rather后接省略to的不定式，表示建议或愿望。

活学巧练：
(1)The most important thing is ________ with them about the future of the factory.
A. to negotiate
B. negotiate
C. negotiating
D. negotiated
答案与解析：A 句意：最重要的是与他们商讨一下这个工厂的将来。

此空是选表语，故用动词不定式作表语，表将来且对主语进行补充说明。

(2)To work means ________.
A. to earn a living
B. earn a living
C. earning a living
D. earned a living
答案与解析：A 主语是动词不定式表条件，表语也应当是动词不定式来表示结果。

9．复习名词性从句
根据从句在复合句中所充当的成分，可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

(1)主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的连接词有：who, that, which, what, when, where, how, whether, why, whichever, whatever等，其句型结构可以分为以下几种：
①It＋主句谓语部分＋连接词＋主语从句
It is known to all that we love peace.
众所周知，我们热爱和平。

②What＋主语＋及物动词谓语＋主句谓语部分
What he said is right.他的话很对。

③Whoever/Whatever/Whichever＋主语从句＋主句谓语部分
Whoever wants to go may go at once.
不论谁想走，现在就可以走。

注意：①that从句作主语时，that无意义，但不能省略；但作宾语时that可省略。

②whether既可引导主语从句也可引导宾语从句，但if不可引导主语从句。

(2)表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，其结构为“主语＋系动词＋连词(that/if/whether)/连接代词/连接副词“，引导表语从句的连接代词有who, whom, which, whose, what；连接副词有when, where, why, how等。

This is why Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933.
这就是爱因斯坦和他的家人于1933年离开欧洲去美国的原因。

This is what he wants.
这正是他想要的东西。

(3)宾语从句
在复合句中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语
动词的宾语。

①用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，但句子要用陈述语序。

I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉你什么了。

②注意宾语从句中的时态呼应。

当主句是现在时态，从句根据句子的自身情况，可使用不同时态；当主句是过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象等时，从句仍用现在时态。

I know (that) he will study English next year.
我知道他明年将学习英语。

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了。

(4)同位语从句
同位语从句主要用于对某一特定名词所表示的具体内容作进一步的解释或说明，从句与前面的名词之间是同位关系，这一名词在从句中不充当任何成分。

同位语从句除了可以用that引导以外，还可以用whether, when, where或why引导。

The news that he has come is true.
他已来了的消息是真的。

I have no idea when they will come to visit China again.
我不知道他们将何时再访问中国。

注意：同位语从句中的that不作句子成分，但不能省略。

活学巧练：
(1)(2009·潍坊12月检测)Later they discovered，________ was news to him，that Pamela was the headmaster‘s daughter.
A．that B．which
C．what D．who
答案与解析：C what＝the thing that。

若用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的意思，则which不能放在主句之前，或插入到主句中间，只能放在主句之后。

(2)(2007·安徽)You can only be sure of ________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ________ you might get in the future. A．that; what B．what; /
C．which; that D．/; that
答案：B
(3)(2007·上海)The traditional view is ________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A．when B．why
C．whether D．that
答案：D
(4)I haven't seen her________the time________she had the accident.
A．for; that B．since; when
C．since; as D．for; when
答案与解析：B the time是点时间，故不能用介词for；the time之后用when引导定语从句。

(5)See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.
A．when B．which
C．where D．what
答案：D
考题演练
1.(2009·北京卷)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better.
A. when
B. how
C. why
D. if
答案与解析：D if在此引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。

2．(2009·湖北卷)Would you please ________ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A. look around
B. look into
C. look up
D. look through
答案与解析：D look around/round环顾，四下察看；look into调查，向……里面看；look up查阅；抬头往上看；look through快速查看，浏览。

由后面的and see if there are any obvious mistakes可知，空格处应表示“快速看一下”。

3．(2009·江西卷)The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. though
答案与解析：C 分析句式结构可知此处缺少同位语从句的引导词，从句意义、结构均完整，所以选that。

4．(2009·四川卷)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don‘t have enough money to buy ________.
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
答案与解析：B 代替前面提到的事物用it；one泛指一类中的任何一个。

此时it代替前面的this house。

5．(2008·江苏卷)—They are quiet, aren‘t they?
—Yes. They are accustomed ________ at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
答案与解析：D be accustomed to习惯于，to为介词，后接名词或动名词；由句意可知表示否定意义，故选D项。

6．(2008·重庆卷)People in Chongqing are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past ten years.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
答案与解析：C what引导名词性从句，同时充当achieved的宾语。

7．(2008·上海卷)As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ________ he will do or think.
A. what
B. which
C. whom
D. that
答案与解析：A guess about表示“猜测”，其后跟的应该是宾语从句。

由于do or think为及物动词短语，故空格处既要引导宾语从句，又要在从句中作宾语使用，故可排除that；由于没有明确的范围，故可排除which；从句意看该处应指物而不指人，故可排除whom。

8．(2009·安徽卷)We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A. a；a
B. a；the
C. the；a
D. the；the
答案与解析：A 句意：如果我们不创造一个减少环境污染的世界，我们永远不会期望拥有一个更蓝的天空。

根据句意，“a bluer sky”“a less polluted world”为可数名词且表示泛指，所以都用不定冠词。

9．(2009·湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place
B. in sight
C. in effect
D. in vain
答案与解析：D in place在适当的位置；in sight在视力所及范围之内；in effect实际上；in vain徒劳。

由状语从句中的no one showed any intention
可知，他筹钱的努力失败了。

Module 5
The Conquest of the Universe
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. May we offer our deepest s_____________ on the death of your wife?
2. Police have appealed for anyone who w_____________ the incident to contact them.
3. He a___________ Darth Vader of killing his father.
4. The word “explode”means “to b________ with a lot of force and loud noise.”
5. Most of the a________ nouns are uncountable.
sympathies
witnessed
accused
burst
abstract
6. The score is ___________(假设) to represent the achievement of an average 7－year－old boy.
7. She explained the question to the boy 5 times with great ___________(耐心)．
8. You did that _____________(故意地)，just to annoy me.
9. The 17th National Congress of the CPC is a _________(具有历史意义的)meeting, which is to have a great effect on our life.
10. He says he was there all the time, but I __________(发誓)I never saw him.
assumed
patience
deliberately
historic
swear
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．If you feel tired and sick of fat food，that is ________you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination.
A．why B．when
C．whether D．what
答案与解析：B 理解句意可判断答案是B项：when引导表语从句，表示“…的时间/时候”。

2．As the economy develops, the national income goes up with a ________.
A．beep B．peep
C．leap D．heap
答案与解析：C beep嘟嘟的声音；警笛声； (电子装置发出的)短促而清晰的信号声， peep n．窥视；偷看； leap n．飞跃；跃进；骤变；激增，heap n.
(一)堆，堆积；大量，许多。

根据句意可知答案是C项。

3．I know nothing about her except ________she is from Canada.
A．how B．when
C．that D．why
答案与解析：C that引导介词宾语从句，that只起引导作用，本身没有什么含义。

4．After five days‘ climbing in the mountain, they reached ________they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A．that B．where
C．which D．what
答案与解析：D 分析题目结构可知they thought是插入语，题目后半部分从句缺少主语，故排除A，B项，C项which在表义上不合适。

5．To our ________， we can see Tom, our best friend, is beginning to recover from the wound.
A．disappointment B．sorrow
C．relief D．terror
答案与解析：C 理解句意可知Tom正开始康复，这是令人感到放心和欣慰的事情，故排除A, B, D 三项。

6．Not ________to the cold weather there, he had to come back home again.
A．accustoming B．accustomed
C．being accustomed D．to accustomed
答案与解析：B 句意：由于不适应那里的寒冷天气，他不得不再次返回家。

本题考查过去分词作原因状语。

7．My friend wouldn‘t tell me ________his new car.
A．did he pay how much for
B．he paid how much for
C．how much he paid for
D．how much did he pay for
答案与解析：C 英语中宾语从句语序是陈述语序，当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how)，引导宾语从句。

8．One of the chairs is ________. Put it back ________.
A．out of the position; in position
B．out of place; in place
C．out of the position; in the position
D．into a position; out of a position
答案与解析：B out of place(＝out of position)不在适当的/正确的位置；不得体，不适当，in place(＝in position) 在适当/正确的位置；准备妥当。

根据句意可知答案是B项。

9．I could hear the rain ________against the windows.
A．was beating B．was defeating
C．was striking D．was hitting
答案与解析：A 本题考查词语辨析：defeat，beat作“打败”解时beat与defeat的宾语是“人”；defeat的宾语常指“敌人”，在“游戏或比赛”中则用beat，作“打”之意时，beat强调“连续地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike则表示“一次有力的打击”，理解句意可判断答案是A项。

10．After the explosion, the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ________.
A．lookers－on B．viewers
C．people D．witnesses
答案与解析：D looker－on旁观者，viewer观看者；参观者；电视观众；观众，witness目击者；见证人。

理解句意可判断答案是D项。

11．In the Spring Festival children feel like ________fire－crackers very much.
A．setting off B．setting out
C．setting foot on D．giving off
答案与解析：A set off出发，动身；使爆炸，set out开始，set foot on到达，give off 散发。

理解句意可判断答案是A项。

12．This textbook is for the ________students, not for the beginners.
A．observation B．transportation
C．advanced D．transfer
答案与解析：C 分析题目可知空格处所填的词应与beginner形成对比，故答案是C项：advanced a. 高级的，高等的。

13．There are two rooms on the first floor，________is used as a guest room.
A．a smaller of which B．a smaller of them
C．the smaller of which D．the smaller of them
答案与解析：C 本题考查非限制性定语从句，故排除B, D两项；分析题目可知在一楼有两间房子，较小一间，表特指，故应用定冠词the，因此答案是C 项。

14．—You‘ve booked a four o’clock flight?
—What chance ________of taking an earlier plane?
A．there is B．is it
C．there it is D．is there
答案与解析：D 句型There is a chance of …有可能……，本题考查该句型应用于特殊疑问句的语序。

15．________your savings so fast, or you‘ll end up as a beggar.
A．Stop to spend B．To stop to spend
C．Stop spending D．Stopping spending
答案与解析：C 题目结构是“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”，句意为“不要大手大脚地乱花钱，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。

”根据句意可以判断答案是C项。

Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．在这一学期的开始，他对足球特感兴趣。

(at the very beginning)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：At the very beginning of this term, he showed great interest in football.
2．今天晚上很可能下雪。

(be likely to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is very likely to snow tonight.
3．我新买的这本书与她的相似。

(be similar to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The new book I bought recently is similar to hers.
4．这些建筑物亟待修葺。

(in a state of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：These buildings are in a bad state of repair.
5．But the whole world is shrinking into a small village as globalization(全球化) takes effect and many different cultures are disappearing. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：因为全球化的影响，许多不同的文化也正在消失，整个世界正在缩减成一个小村庄。

Ⅳ.阅读理解
In 2004, NASA's Opportunity rover found evidence in Martian (火星的) soils that water had once flowed across the surface there, arousing hopes that the red planet may once have supported primitive life.
But a new study throws_some_cold_water,_and a big pinch of salt, on those hopes.
“Liquid water is required by all species on Earth and we've assumed that water is the very least that would be necessary for life on Mars，”said study team member Nicholas J. Tosca, a Harvard University postdoctoral researcher. “However, to really assess Mars' habitability we need to consider the properties of its water. Not all of Earth's waters are able to support life, and the limits of terrestrial (地球上的) life
are sharply defined by water's temperature, acidity and salinity.”
Tosca and his team analyzed salt deposits in the 4－billion－year－old Martian rock investigated by Opportunity. The new analysis shows that the water that would have flowed across these ancient Martian rocks may have been very salty.
“Our sense has been that while Mars is a bad environment for supporting life today, long ago it might have more closely resembled Earth，”said Andrew H．Knoll, also of Harvard and on the study team. “But this result suggests quite strongly that even as long as four billion years ago, the surface of Mars would have been challenging for life. No matter how far back we peer into Mars' history, we may never see a point at which the planet really looked like Earth.”
The research was presented in February at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston.
Halophiles, or organisms that can tolerate high—salinity waters, are known to exist in places on Earth，but they likely evolved from organisms that lived in purer waters, scientists think, making it unlikely that life would actually arise initially in extremely briny (多盐分的) waters. The high salinity, however, “doesn't rule out life forms of a type we've never encountered，” Knoll added, “but life that could originate and persist in such a salty setting would require biochemistry distinct from any known among even the most robust halophiles on Earth.” Knoll and Tosca also say the finding doesn't rule out the possibility that less salty waters once flowed on the planet.
The best title of the passage is________.
A. Mars Perhaps Too Salty for Life
B. Salt Water on Mars
C. Life on Mars
D. Research About Life on Mars
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。

本篇文章主要说明“机遇号”探测器在火星土壤中发现有水流过火星表面之后，一个研究组织发现这些水的含盐量很高，可能不适合生命的存在。

所以选A项。

2. What does the author mean by saying “throws some cold water” in the second paragraph?
A. A new study let the researchers down.
B. A new study proves the former hope does not work.
C. It proved that there exists life.
D. We should analyze the hope calmly.
答案与解析：D 词义猜测题。

前面说到人们对火星上曾存在生命充满着希望，后面说到可能水含盐量太高不适合生命的存在。

这里的意思是这个研究给这个希望浇了冷水，意思是要冷静分析，不要太乐观。

3. According to Andrew H. Knoll, the study suggests that________.
A. the surface of Mars was not suitable for life even long ago
B. the surface of Mars was not like the surface of the Earth
C. long ago the surface of Mars looked like the surface of the Earth
D. the surface of the Earth is bad for life
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。

文章第五段说到even as long as four billion years ago，the surface of Mars would have been challenging for life。

故应选A项。

4. From the passage we can know that________.
A. there is possibility that there once exist less salty waters on the Mars
B. no life existed on the surface of the Mars
C. life on the Mars disappeared 40 billion years ago
D. high salty water on the Mars stops life coming into being
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。

文章最后一句表明这个发现并不能排除火星上曾经有淡水流过。

故推断选A项。

Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(辽宁省葫芦岛市第一高级中学2010届高三上学期第一次月考)
Parents and doctors have the same worry over especially low birthweight newborns. __1__ A trend has therefore developed to make special formulas(配方)of extra nutrients and protein－rich foods for these tiny babies. Unfortunately, a British study has found that this practice could have negative long term effects, such as high blood pressure in adulthood.
Between 1993 and 1995，Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 full－term newborns, each of whom weighed very little for their age. The babies' moms had decided not to breastfeed(用母乳喂养).
_2__ The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula. The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birthweight babies whose mothers had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months. __3__ They found 83 babies from the normal－formula group, 70 babies from the extra－formula group, and 95 babies from the breast fed group. __4__ According to the latest data, children who had received the extra formula had significantly higher blood pressures than those in the other two groups.
Seven human test have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding, they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters.
No matter how big a child is at birth, he or she will probably reach the same adult height no matter how quickly the baby grows. But reaching one's adult size at a slow－to－moderate speed may have a lot of benefits, as Singhal says. __5__
A. Half of these children were given a normal infant(幼儿)formula for 9 months.
B. When they grow up, they might have high blood pressure.
C. These babies have very little energy because they are so small.
D. Six to eight years later, the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.
E. The results were quite surprising.
F. Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.
G. His advice to parents: Be patient. Don't rush a child's growth.
答案：1—5 CADEG。