2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
盛世清北-复旦大学考博英语真题及答案(06)
盛世清北-复旦大学考博英语真题及答案（06）盛世清北教研中心Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20%Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A.refers toB.definesC.describesD.devotes to22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehended23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation________the quality of interpersonal relationship.A.ascendspelsC.enhancesD.prefers24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of research_____ on the human brain.A.was…didB.has been…to be doneC.was…doingD.has been…done25.“I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not to eat ata restaurant.You’d better_______at home when you are not in the shape.”A.to throw up…to eatB.throwing up…eatingC.to throw up…eatD.throwing up…eat26.Parents have to show due concerns to their children’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations.A.hold backB.hold toC.hold downD.hold over27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals________by their context,significance,and information content.A.not less than…asB.as…just asC.so much…asD.not so much…as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south.A.the windows of which openedB.the windows of it opened C7U O:`naC.its windows openedD.the windows of which opening29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to bea distant relation of his.A.put him upB.put him outC.put him onD.put him in cd30.Bystanders,_______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances.A.bloody and covered with dust,looking dazedB.bloodied and covered with dust,looked dazedC.bloody and covered with dust,looked dazedD.bloodied and covered with dust,looking dazed31.Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks,the Government insisted yesterday,as the US________closed for an apparent security review.A.ConsulationB.ConstitutionC.ConsulateD.Consular32.American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game______the legendary O’Neal,who______the“Great Wall”at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers._A.in head of,ran onB.in head of,ran intoC.ahead of,ran ontoD.ahead of,ran into33.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in_________computers.A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese34.She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house.“I actually think there’s something about the______of paper that feels more comforting.”She said.A.tangibilityB.tanglednessC.tangentD.tantalization35.“They said what we always knew,”said an administration source,___________.A.he asked not to be namedB.who asked not to be namedC.who asked not be namedD.who asked not named36.In Germany,the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently_______their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A.muscledB.movedC.mushedD.muted37.He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness,and has left the country _______.A.energizedB.EnervatedC.NervedD.enacted38.The more people hear his demented rants,the more they see that he is a terrorist_______.A.who is pure and simpleB.being pure and simpleC.pure and simpleD.as pure and simple39.This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible________in the character of the population.A.determinationB.deteriorationC.desolationD.desperation U[~~CVV40._______a declining birth rate,there will be an over-supply of27,000primary school places by2010,_______leaving35schools idle.A.Coupled with,equals toB.Coupling with,equivalent toC.Coupled with,equivalent toD.Coupling with,equals toPart Three:Reading Comprehension10%Passage One The HeroMy mother’s parents came from Hungary,but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany.Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages,he was most comfortable in German.Every morning,before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper,which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children.He still had relatives living in Europe.When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle,his only son had to go,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.In the early days of the war,my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper,instead.He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper,but only an American newspaper,printed in German.But my grandmother insisted,for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German.So,he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day,the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army.My grandparents were very upset,but my mother,his little sister,was excited.Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war.She was ten years old at the time,and my uncle,realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends,went out and bought them all service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little girls were delighted.When the day came for him to leave,his whole regiment, in their uniforms,left together from the same train station.There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off.Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag,cheering the boys,as they left.The moment came and the soldiers,all very young,none of whom had had any training,but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms,boarded the train.The band played and the crowd cheered.The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers,but it soon began to move.Still cheering and waving their flags,the band still playing,the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt.The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering.Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station.It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out.Someone shouted,“It’s the armistice.The war is over.”For a moment,nobody moved,but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers.The men lined up and formed into two lines.They walked down the steps and,with the band playing behind,paraded down the street,as returning heroes,to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd.The next day my uncle returned to his job,and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41.Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?A.In Germany.B.In Hungary.C.In the United StatesD.In New York.42.His grandfather____________.A.could not speak and read English well enoughB.knew nine languages equally wellC.knew a number of languages,but felt more kin to GermanD.loved German best because it made him think of home43.His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because________.A.it was war time and Germans were their enemyB.the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC.it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD.nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time44.The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war,because________.A.like everybody else at the war time,she was very patrioticB.she hated the war and the Germans very muchC.all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like themD.she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage Two Waking Up from the American Dream ssdsThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“Wal-Martization”of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels.For years,many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs,such as hiring temps(temporary workers)and part-timers, fighting unions,dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices,they’re costly in other ways.More than a quarter of the labor force,about34million workers, is trapped in low-wage,often dead-end jobs.Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities,too,as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value:giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes.Historically,most Americans, even low-skilled ones,were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs,then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve.But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in1970s.Upward mobility diminished even more in the1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’inadequacy for years,but fixing them is a long,arduous struggle.Similarly,there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45.The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.-A.there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB.Americans can always move up the pay ladderC.American young people can have access to college,even they are poorD.the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs46.Wal-Mart strategy,according to this passage,is to___________.A.hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB.outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC.hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD.dismantle the career ladder and stop people’s mobility upward47.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A.Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B.Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.C.More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D.Although people know how to restore American mobility,it’s difficult to change the present situation.Passage Three Seniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city.They are looking for what most older people want:a home with no stairs and low crime rates.And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings,young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants.Spying an opportunity,major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees.These seniors are already changing the face of big cities.One developer,Fran McCarthy asks:“Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream.While some cities,especially those with few cultural offerings,have seen an exodus of seniors,urban planners say others have become retirees magnets.Between1999and2000,the population of64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose17percent.Austin,New Orleans,and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well.There may be hidden health benefits to city living.A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging---social isolation.In the next six years,downtowns are expected to grow even grayer.For affluent retirees,city life is an increasingly popular option.48.Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.A.they find there are too many crimes in the suburbsB.unlike the flats in the city,their country house have stairs to climbC.they are no longer interested in playing golfD.in the city,they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49.From the passage we can infer that_________.A.the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB.a life in the downtown city is expensive,and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC.with more older people living in the city,the city will become gray and less beautifulD.very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis50.Fran McCarthy’s question means:nobody ever thought that__________.A.people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB.suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round tripC.suburban flight years ago would go in circlesD.senior people’s moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2) 15%(51)Being angry increases the risk of injury,especially among men,new research says.The researchers gathered data on more than2,400accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and24hours earlier,gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable,angry or hostile,and to what degree.Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(52)Despite widespread belief in“road rage,”anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53)Not surprisingly,anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries–those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents–also showed strong associations with anger.(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men,but there were no differences by race.The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports,which are not always reliable.(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known.“I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury,or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,”said the study’s lead author.Part Four:Cloze Test10%Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET(2).Last year French drivers killed(56)_______than5,000people on the roads for the first time in decades.Credit goes largely(57)________the1,000automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s highways since2003,which experts reckon(58)_______3,000lives last year.Success,of course breeds success:the government plans to install500(59)______ radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days.Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities,subways and buses(60)_______the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe.But last year’s London bombing,in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators,have helped spur a sea change.A month(62)_______the London attacks,half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail,Internet and phone data for“anti-terror”(63)______.In a British poll,73percent of respondents said they were(64)_______to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)________.Part Five:Proofreading10%Directions:In the following passage,there are altogether10mistakes,ONE in each numbered and underlined part.You may have to change a word,add a word,or just delete a word.If you change a word,cross it with a slash(/)and write the correct word beside it.If you add a word,write the missing word between the words(in brackets)immediately before andafter it.If you delete a word,cross it out with a slash(/).Put your answer on ANSWER SHEET(2).Examples:eg.1(66)The meeting begun2hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(66)begunbeganeg.2(67)Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET(2):(68)not(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters,scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68)But anything is missing from many applications:a class ranking,once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69)thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information,concluding it could harm the chances of their very better,but not best,students.(70)Canny college officials,in turn,have found a tactical way to response.(71)Using broad data that high schools often provide,like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class,they essentially recreate an applicant’s class rank.(72)The process has left them exasperating.(73)“If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school,with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,”said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation,(75)many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do:give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six:Writing15%Directions:Write a short composition of about250to300words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET(2).Recently,a newspaper carried an article entitled:“We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”.The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference,and they should not be forced to do so.What do you think?56.fewer57.to58.saved59.more60.as61.played62.after63.purposes64.ready/willing 65.security北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案Structure and written expression1point each)21-25a c c d d26-30a d a a b31-35c d b a b36-40a b c b cReading1point each)41-45c c b d a46-50c b d b aParaphrasing:(3points each)51.According to new research,getting angry adds to the chances of getting physically hurt, particularly for male.52.even people gen[size=5][/size]erally believe hat people easily get angry when driving on the road,but anger didn’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for people who intentionally hurt themselves.54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women,but different races of people did not show much variation.55.People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.Cloze:(1point each)56.Fewer57.To58.Saved59.More60.As61.Played62.After63.Purposes64.Ready65.SecurityProofreading:(1point each)66.Highly-high67.Pore-pore over68.Anything-something69.Better-good70.Response-respond71.For entire-for an entire72.Exasperating-exasperated bS73. With-without74.Strategy-the strategy75.And-butWriting:(15points)关于盛世清北盛世清北教育成立于2006年，由清华北大名师与归国人士共同创办。
2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)
2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文(二)SectionⅠUse of English篇章导读本文是一篇论说文。
文章的主题是"英才通才教育"。
作者在文章开头就提出了一个具有选择性的问题："如果我们只是需要决定是把基本的科学传授给每个人，还是找一些有才华的人，引领他们变得更出色，那么我们的工作将会相当容易。
"随后作者从"the education in public school，the balance among the branches of knowledge and the balance between current and classical knowledge"三个方面来论述在教育中保持知识平衡的重要性。
解读文章时注意作者的客观态度。
思路解析1「答案」[C]「解析」"选择"。
根据文章一致性原则，"choice"与文章第一句中的"decide决定"形成呼应，根据原文"decide whether......or......"所以下文就应该是对其有所"选择choice"或没有"选择choice"。
而选项[A]"（与属性区别的）本质：the entity of justice 正义的本质"，[B]"拍卖；（某些纸牌戏中的）叫牌；叫牌阶段"，[D]"结合体，联合；（政党、个人、国家等）临时结成的联盟"是本题的干扰，均不形成呼应，不符合题意。
「解析」"因为"。
"for"与文章第一段第三句中的"Because we depend......"构成搭配，均表示解释原因。
而选项[A][B][C]均不用于解释原因，不符合原文意思。
2006考研英语阅读真题及详细解析
2006 Text 1In spite of ―endless talk of difference‖，American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is ―the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse，and the casualness and absence of deference‖ characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into ―a culture of consumption‖ launched by the 19th——century dep artment stores that offered ―vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democ ratic act.‖ The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1，000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation–language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that ―a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countr ies of origin spoke English ―well‖ or ―very well‖ after ten years of residence.‖ The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. ―By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.‖ Hence the description of America as a ―graveyard‖ for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispan ics ―have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S–born whites and blacks.‖ By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet ―some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‘s assimilative power.‖Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America‗s turbulent past, today‘s social induces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word ―homogenizing‖（Line 1, Paragraph 1）most probably means[A] identifying [B] associating[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.[A] are resistant to homogenization.[B] exert a great influence on American culture.[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.[D] constitute the majority of the population.24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5？[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public‘s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author‘s opinion，the absorption of immigrants into American society is[A] rewarding.[B] successful.[C] fruitless.[D] harmful.重点词汇：homogenize/ hə'mɔdʒənaiz/ vt. cause to become equal or homogeneous as by mixing；均质化，使（某物）成分均匀[例]homogenized milk 均质牛奶[形] homogeneous a. 由同类部分组成的[名] homogeneity n. 同种，同质[巧记]词头：homo- 同、相同如homophone n. 同音异形词；homosexual a. 同性恋的assimilation n. 同化, 同化作用, 消化[巧记]as+simil(er)+ationdemocratize / di'mɔkrətaiz/vt. become (more) democratic; of nations 使民主化[例]democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化[名] democracy n. 民主、民主政治，民主制度；democrat n. 民主主义者；（Democrat指美国民主党党员或其拥护者）democratization n. 民主化[形]democratic a. 民主的，民主政治的；民主作风的，平等的discourse [ dis'kɔ s, 'diskɔ s ] n. lengthy or serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文、演讲vi. talk、preach or lecture about sth（usu at length）（通常长篇大论的）论说、宣扬或讲授某事物[例]The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects 演讲者头头是道的论述了一系列问题。
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4)
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4) Part B本部分内容请参见Part B（二）答案解析及参考译文Part C篇章导读本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。
文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同，但公众却不清楚这一事实，之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识，最后作者以农业为例，说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。
思路解析46.本句的句子主干结构为“……the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science……”，其中“Because……is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句，“by articulating……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。
47.本句的句子主干结构为“……we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research……”，其中“by showing……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。
48.本句为简单句。
句子的主干结构为“……it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedicaladvances……”，在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“those.”49.本句的主句为“it was……that”的强调句型，其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语，该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the turn of the century”，该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。
复旦大学博士入学英语模拟试题附答案
复旦大学博士入学英语试题Part IV ocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1. Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.A. turn-upB. turn-overC. turn-aboutD. turn-out2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.A. demandsB. gainsC. desertsD. wins3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.A. throughB. downC. overD. around4. The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A. upsurgeB. upshotC. upturnD. upkeep5. _________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A. LeashB. RummageC. FlutterD. Scrape6. How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.A. quashB. QuellC. QuenchD. quieten7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.A. missingB. slippingC. botheringD. losing8. She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.A. beltB. stringC. tieD. strap9. I washed this dress and the color_________.A. flowedB. escapedC. ranD. removed10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.A. sagB. tiltC. droopD. slump11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.A. crumblingB. flakingC. disintegratingD. splintering12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.A. put upB. keep upC. stand upD. look up13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.A. deadB. livingC. lunaticD. crippled14. If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A. make upB. make forC. make outD. make off15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.A. curatorB. bursarC. commissionerD. steward16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.A. absolvedB. acquittedC. pardonedD. executed17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.A. came byB. came overC. came intoD. came through18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.A. decayB. contaminationC. squalorD. confinement19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.A. recoveredB. recuperatedC. retrievedD. regained20. He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A. pleaseB. ingratiateC. placateD. remunerate21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.A. followedB. were to followC. followD. would follow22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.A. reversedB. retiredC. returnedD. receded23. Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A. inB. onC. byD. along24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.A. toddlingB. hobblingC. lopingD. staggering25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.A. dealtB. contractedC. droveD. faked26. My friend’s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.A. placedB. stationedC. deportedD. exorcized27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.A. subsideB. diminishC. confiscateD. cede28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.A. twitchedB. twistedC. jerkedD. jogged29. The total __________ from last month’s charity dance were far more than expected.A. earningsB. acquisitionsC. proceedsD. subsidies30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.A. overlookedB. obtainedC. tackledD. tookPart IIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage oneResale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special ‘image’ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at ‘cut’ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the ‘standard’ price of the article because he feels that he is being ‘done’. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of goingfrom shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. Theefficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.A. retailers may eventually stop selling their productsB. it may reduce customers’ confidence in their productsC. customers may feel uneasy when prices varyD. it may sometimes lead to poor service32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.A. allowing customers time to payB. hiring assistants for long hours and low wagesC. advertising much more effectivelyD. establishing long-term relations with manufactures33. By saying “He feels that he is being ‘done’”, the author means that customer thinks__________.A. someone is despising himB. someone is maltreating himC. someone is blackmailing himD. someone is cheating him34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.A. She knows her placeB. She knows her stuffC. She feels secureD. She feels intoxicatedPassage twoHe built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melioand said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.A. reminded him of his house in the town far awayB. prevented the Parakanas from watching himC. helped him to forget the world he hatedD. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town37. The Chief’s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.A. he did not trust MelioB. it was unwise to go too close to MelioC. he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD. he thought Melio was out of his mind38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.A. odd but hatefulB. strange but attractiveC. unhealthy but friendlyD. cowardly but sociable40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.A. far removed from civilizationB. impossible to cultivateC. the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD. wet all the year roundPassage threeWhen he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rocktowering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.A. Jerry was not a good swimmerB. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC. Jerry was on holiday abroadD. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.A. in disguiseC. in the gutterB. in the limelightD. in the raw43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.A. into the little bayB. too far out to see his motherC. near to the group of boysD. further out to see than the rock44. What happened to the biggest boy?A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.D. He had played a trick on Jerry.45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.A. he was pretending to be drowningB. he wanted to amuse all the other boysC. he hadn’t been able to do what the other boys had doneD. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was sayingPassage fourPeter Sellers wouldn’t be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it’s the comedy of yesteryear.Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people. He’s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story. He had everything and it wasn’t enough. He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life. He was world-famous and desperately lonely. At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity. He was a basket case.This is irresistible material. Sellers’ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own. Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov’s tome, therefore. Here’s a thick book that tells us nothing new.For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr. Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man’s life and work, briskly told. Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers. His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists. To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops. When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show. He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing. This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I’m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette. When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him. The rest is history.Or notoriety. Sellers’ descent into madness was swift. He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later. He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack. Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide. Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door. He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette. He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, PrincessMargaret and Liza Minnelli.His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars. Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines; he pulled guns on people. He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland’s mother’s house in Sweden. Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he’d replace or abandon with manic frequency. At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride’s dogs. He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he’d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.46. People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.A. he was a geniusB. he was as big as The BeatlesC. his life was full of drama and contradictionD. he led a very austere life47. By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.A. handicappedB. derangedC. impetuousD. callous48. According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.A. his theatrical performanceB. his breathtaking performanceC. his walk-on roles on the stageD. his performance sexually49. The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.A. numerousB. anecdotalC. criticalD. unauthorized50. Peter Sellers can be described as__________.A. unpredictable but generousB. talented but unstableC. sane but selfishD. eccentric but reliablePaper TwoPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with51no success. Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man’s52.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps53the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in. An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of54may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify55one. To our human56each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves tomaintain contact, between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps57can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls58serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared59a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of others60having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.Part ⅣTranslation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。
复旦大学考博英语1
[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语1Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms ( )in the air.A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking参考答案：B答案解析：flail“用力地挥动或摆动”与题意相符。
override比其他一切更重要；overact 过度，过分，(把剧中角色等)演得过火；forsake舍弃，背弃，革除(旧风习等)，抛弃(坏习惯)。
第2题：They have been arrested as suspected drug( ).A.abortionB.vectorC.uraniumD.traffickers参考答案：D答案解析：drug trafficker毒品走私贩。
abortion流产，堕胎；vector[数]向量，矢量，带菌者；uranium铀。
第3题：She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completelyat odds with her public( ).A.personaB.tummyC.steppeD.rendezvous参考答案：A答案解析：public persona公众角色；tummy胃，腹痛；steppe特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原；rendezvous集合点。
复旦大学考博英语词汇试题及参考资料
⼀、根据复旦⼤学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共30⼩题，每⼩题0.5分，共15分。
预计测试时间（25分钟）211. The drowning child was saved by Dick's __ action.[ A ] acute [ B ] alert[ C ] profound [ D ] prompt212. We should always keep in mind that __ decisions often lead to bitter iegrets.[ A ] urgent [ B ] hasty[ C] instant [ D ] prompt213. The current general slackness of the market has prevented us from new orders with you.[ A ] placing [ B ] putting[ C ] arranging [ D ] providing214. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and __ people continued to improve.[ A ] remote [ B ] municipal[ C ] rural [ D ] provincial215. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women __ this field is climbing.[ A ] engaging [ B ] devoting[ C ] registering [ D ] pursuing216. When they had finished playing, the children were made to all the toys they had takenout.[ A ] pat off [ B ] put out[ C ] put up [ D ] put away217. Jack was about to announce our plan but I[ A ] cut him short [ B ] turned him out[ C ] gave him up [ D ] put him through218. It was felt that be lacked the __ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.[ A ] petition [ B ] engagement[ C ] commitment [ D ] qualification219. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to her umbrella.[ A ] carry [ B ] fetch[ C ] bring [ D ] reach220. An agreement was __ last Friday by the two parties.[ A ] arrived at [ B ] arrived in[ C ] occurred [ D ] realized221. if I take this medicine twice a day, it should __ my cold.[ A ] heal [ B ] cure[ C ] treat [ D ] recover222. If you know what the trouble is, why don't you help them to __ the situation?[ A ] simplify. [ B ] modify[ C ] verify [ D ] rectify223. The lost car of the Lees was found __ in the woods off the highway.[ A ] vanished [ B ] scattered[ C ] abandoned [ D ] rejected224. The story that follows __ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.[ A ] concerns [ B ] states[ C ] proclaims [ D ] relates225. The government regulations that put this archeological site under protection.[ A ] published [ B ] issued[ C ] discharged [ D ] released226. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any __ on what he promises.[ A ] faith [ B ] belief[ C] credit [ D ] reliance227. The branches could hardly the weight of the fruit.[ A ] retain [ B ] sustain[ C ] maintain [ D ] remain228. The strong wind with sand comes from the hill in front of their house.[ A ] empty [ B ] isolated[ C ] bare [ D ] remote229. Men's never-ceasing for knowledge continues to broaden our understanding of the earth's atmosphere.[ A ] request [ B ] quest[ C ] investigation [ D ] research230. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to __ healthy.[ A ] preserve [ B ] stay[ C ] maintain [ D ] reserve231. The salesman's annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave up.[ A ] endurance [ B ] assistance[ C ] persistence [ D ] resistance232. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _-[ A ] circumstance [ B ] request[ C ] reception [ D ] response233. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly Oil[ A ] consciousness [ B ] impulse[ C ] instinct [ D ] response234. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary __ for reason-ing.[ A ] resource [ B ] resolution[ C ] requirement [ D ] response235. The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six __ libraries specially servethe countryside.[ A ] mobile [ B ] drifting[ C ] shifting [ D ] rotating236. He does nothing that __ the interests of the collective.[ A ] runs for [ B ] runs against[ C ] runs over [ D ] runs into237. Old Americans are extremely reluctant to buy on __ and likely to save as much money as pos-sible.[ A ] debt [ B ] credit[ C ] deposit [ D ] sale238. In my opinion, you can widen the __ of these improvements through your active participation.[ A ] dimension [ B ] volume[ C ] magnitude [ D ] scope239. Have you a funny __ or unusual experience that you would like to share.'?[ A ] amusement [ B ] incident[ C ] accident [ D ] section240. No one needs to feel awkward in __ his own customs.[ A ] pursuing [ B ] following[ C ] chasing [ D ] seeking。
复旦大学考博英语词汇练习题及参考资
复旦大学考博英语词汇练习题及参照资料( 10 ) 一、根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定,每年词汇题共30小题，每题0.5分，共15分。
估计测试时间（25分钟）如下为华慧考博网教务辅导团体编著资料。
241. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a __ operation, he quickly recovered hissight.[ A ] precise [ B ] considerate[ C ] delicate [ D ] sensitive242. There's a whole __ of bills waiting to be paid.[ A ] stock [ B ] stack[ C ] number [ D ] sequence243. Please come and help me with this form because I don't know how toit.[ A ] set about [ B ] set off[ C ] set aside [ D ] set up244. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is __ nonsense.[ A ] shear [ B ] sheer[ C ] shield [ D ] sheet245. There is no easy solution to Japan's labor __[ A ] decline [ B ] vacancy[ C ] rarity [ D ] shortage246. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the resultthat incomes from taxation might actually[ A ] shrink [ 8 ] delay[ C ] disperse [ D ] sink247. A ~ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.[ A ] shorthand [ B ] scheme[ C ] schedule [ D ] sketch248. My boss has always attended to the ~ of important business himself.[ A ] transaction [ B ] stimulation[ C ] transition [ D ] solution249. This book is a of radio scripts, in which we seek to explain how the words and expressions become part of our language.[ A ] collection [ B ] publication[ C ] volume [ D ] stack250. All parts of this sewing machine are __ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.[ A ] mechanized [ B ] minimized[ C ] modernized [ D ] standardized251. The tragedy of the Challenger ~ an ongoing controversy on all aspects of America's spaceprogram.[ A ] arose [ B ] ignited[ C ] resulted [ D ] started252. John found a lost dog on the street and the local station to broadcast a poignant appeal forthe dog's owner to come forward.[ A ] informed [ B ] reminded[ C ] notified [ D ] startled253. The newly-buih Science Building seems __ enough to last a hundred years.[ A ] spacious [ B ] sophisticated[ C ] substantial [ D ] steady254. He failed to can3, ont some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to the conse-quences.[ A ] answer for [ B ] run into[ C ] abide by [ D ] step into255. You must stick to the plan, whatever happens.[ A ] severely [ B ] rigidly[ C ] strongly [ D ] stiffly256. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both targets and moving targets.[ A ] stationary [ B ] standing[ C ] stable [ D ] still257. The survey found that Hungary __ as the most environment-conscious country of East Europe.[ A ] broke out [ B ] held ont[ C ] ran ont [ D ] stood ont258. The gloves were really too small, and it was only by __ them that I managed to get them on.[ A ] spreading [ B ] extending[ C ] squeezing [ D ] stretching259. He underwent four operations in two weeks.[ A ] excessive [ B ] extensive[ C ] intensive [ D ] successive260. The book contained a large __ of information.[ A ] deal [ B ] amount[ C ] number [ D ] sam261. The California forest fires, which were regarded yesterday as 'almost under control, __ againduring the night.[ A ] flared up [ B ] kept up[ C ] sent over [ D ] swept through262. Communication is the process of a message from a source to an audience via a channel.[ A ] transmitting [ B ] submitting[ C ] transforming [ D ] switching263. Parents have a legal to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suit-able to their age.[ A ] impulse [ B ] obligation[ C ] influence [ D ] sympathy264. Bob was completely __ by the robber's disguise.[ A ] taken away [ B ] taken down[ C ] taken to [ D ] taken in265. Jim isn't , but he did badly in the final exams last semester.[ A ] gloomy [ B ] dull[ C ] awkward [ D ] tedious266. I am sure 1 can him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.[ A ] speak [ B ] talk[ C ] say [ D ] tell267. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that __ lot.[ A ] valid [ B ] vain[ C ] vacant [ D ] vague268. After having gone __ far, George did not want to turn back.[ A ] enough [ B ] much[ C ] such [ D ] that269. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the nativespeaker of English does not even have to __[ A ] think ont [ B ] think about[ C ] think over [ D ] think for270. The political future of the president is now hanging by a __[ A ] rope [ B ] cord[ C ] string [ D ] thread。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Flatfish,such as the flounder,are among the few vertebrates thatlack approximate bilateral symmetry(symmetry in which structures tothe left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images).Moststriking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish iseye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adultflatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.While in mostspecies with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi asymmetry,membersof the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed(both eyes onthe left side of head)or right-eyed.In the waters between the UnitedStates and Japan,the starry flounder populations vary from about50percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast,through about70percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan,tonearly100percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certaingeographic range a“cline”and interpret clines as strongindications that the variation is adaptive,a response toenvironmental differences.For the starry flounder thisinterpretation implies that a geometric difference(between fish thatare mirror images of one another)is adaptive,that left-eyedness inthe Japanese starry flounder has been selected for,which provokesa perplexing question:what is the selective advantage in having botheyes on one side rather than on the other?The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy,especially the optic nerves,for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross,so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa.This crossing introduces an asymmetry,as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other.G.H.Parker reasoned that if,for example,a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top,there would be a twisting of nerves,which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders,then,the left-eyed variety would be selected against,since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed,and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.As other explanations proved equally untenable,biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness,and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference,however striking,appears to be an evolutionary red herring.1.According to the text,starry flounder differ form most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder[A]are not basically bilaterally symmetric.[B]do not become asymmetric until adulthood.[C]do not all share the same asymmetry.[D]have both eyes on the same side of the head.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?[A]A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.[B]A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.[C]A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.[D]A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.3.The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?[A]Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?[B]Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?[C]Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?[D]How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?4.Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?[A]A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.[B]A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.[C]A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.[D]A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.5.Which of the following phrases from the text best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?[A]“Most striking”(line3,paragraph1)[B]“variation is adaptive”(line2,paragraph2)[C]“mechanically disadvantageous”(line7,paragraph3)[D]“evolutionary red herring”(line9,paragraph4)[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。
《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类 交通法则与交通事故)【圣才出品】
Passage2交通法则与交通事故From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease.A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disease.The expectation of life has increased enormously.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before,every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them,women and children on the roads.Man versus the motor-car!It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel,his car becomes the extension of his personality.There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a man’s very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel.They swear they are ill mannered and aggressive willful as two-year-olds and uttering selfish.All their hidden frustrations,disappointments and jealousies seem to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic;towns are made ugly by huge car parks;the countryside is desecrated by road networks;and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic,to be conveniently forgotten.It is high timea world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.With regard to driving,the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is;all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so;the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least21;all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability.Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter.Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers,as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all,the world is for human beings not for motorcars.1.The main idea of this passage is______.A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?A.Society criticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.3.Why does the author say:“his car becomes the extension of his personality”?A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A.Build more highwaysB.Stricter driving testsC.Test drivers every three yearsD.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications5.The attitude of the author is______.A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingitant【答案与解析】1.D作者要表达的中心意思是：只有严格的交通法则才能防止交通事故的发生。
2006年考研英语真题及参考答案完整版
2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及参考答案完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence the federal government must support job training programs __4__ the minimum wage and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal governmen t’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others __14__ not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts __19__ it “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democ ratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media advertising and sports a re other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neit her at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890 9.2 for every 1000. Now consider three indices of assimilation -- language home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the descxxxxription of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon as we all know has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive.Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent oc cupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most at tractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3 Paragraph 4) the author implies that________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large slow-growing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baxxxxseline which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the “shifting baxxxxseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W orm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baxxxxseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baxxxxseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless phony or worst of all b oring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason in fact may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all what is the one modern form of exxxxxpression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young. In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. Fast-food eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need art to tell us as religion once did Memento mori: remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deathsPart BDirections:In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville Ind. home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning $35000 a year lost approximately $175000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him as a good customer a "Fun Card" which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat docked at 5 a.m.then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta l Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charges that the casino knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented the casino’s marketing department continued to pepp er him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit. One night he won $5500 but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they not America who have become anti-intellectual. First the obxxxxject of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47)）His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist for one. 48）I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports. 49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This descxxxxription even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing living in "public and illustrious thoughts” as Emerson would say is something else.Section IIIWritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
复旦大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题及答案
复旦大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题及答案Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault(断层),whichconstantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes.But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid faultin Missouri?Between December of1811and February of1812,three majorearthquakes occurred,all centered around the town of New Madrid,Missouri,on the Mississippi River.Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost destroyed.Whole forests fell atonce,and huge cracks opened in the ground,allowing smell ofsulfur(硫磺)to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character,Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi developing suddenrapids and whirlpools.Several times it changed its course,and once,according to some observers,it actually appeared to runbackwards.Few people were killed in the New Marid earthquakes,probably simply because few people lived in the area in1811;but theseverity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock wavesrang bells in church towers in Charleston,South Carolina,on thecoast.Buildings shook in New York City,and clocks wer stopped inWashington,D.C.Scientists now know that America's two major faultsare essentially different.The San Andreas is a horizontal boundarybetween two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions.California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches(倾斜)forward.The New Madrid fault,on the other hand,is a vertical fault;at some points,possibly hundreds of millions of years ago,rock was pushed up toward the surface,probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly,the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed,leaving huge cracks.Even now,the rock continues to settle downwards,and sudden sinking motions trigger(触发)earthquakes in the region.The fault itself,a large crack in this layer of rock,with dozens of other cracks that split off from it,extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since1811;these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming,but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.11.This passage is mainly about.A)the New Madrid fault in Missouri B)the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC)the causes of faults D)current scientific knowledge about faults12.The New Madrid fault is.A)a horizontal faultB)a vertical faultC)a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD)responsible for forming the Mississippi River13.We may conclude from the passage that.A)it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in CaliforniaB)the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC)California will become an island in futureD)A big earthquake will occur to California soon14.This passage implies that.A)horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.B)Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faultsC)Earthquakes occur only around fault areasD)California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake15.As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph,the word essentially means.A)greatly C)basically B)extremely D)necessarilyPassage31.B2.B3.A4.C5.C本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一L
复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一L复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一1. Language，culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought，but theyare inseparable in fact.［A ］indistinctly ［ B ］separately［C ］irrelevantly ［D ］independently2. Shortage of land and funding are bl amed for the city‘s green space.［A ］inefficient ［ B ］inaccurate［C ］inadequate ［D ］indispensable3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind.［A ］incompatible ［B ］incredible［C ］indefinite ［D ］indispensable4. Although sports __ the household，Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine.［A ］overwhelmed ［B ］affected［C ］dominated ［D ］influenced5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay，you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken.［A ］departure ［B ］outset［C ］concentration ［D ］initiation6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture.［A ］inquiry ［ B ］investigation［C ］input ［D ］insight7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ offactory life.［A ］glimpses ［ B ］glances［C ］shots ［D ］insights8. Changing from solid to liquid，water takes in heat from all substances near it，and thisproduces artificial cold surrounding it.［A ］absorption ［ B ］transition［C ］consumption ［D ］interaction9. One way for writers to support a point is through ，that is，by means of several examples to back up an idea.［A ］illustration ［ B ］demonstration［C ］explanation ［D ］interpretation10. In this factory the machines are not regulated __ bm are jointly controlled by a central com-puter system.［A ］independently ［ B ］individually［C ］irrespectively ［D ］irregularly11. We must ___ __ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.［A ］assure ［ B ］secure［C ］ensure ［D ］issue12. If we believe something is good and true we should __ to it.［A ］hold up ［B ］keep on［C ］hold on ［D ］keep up13. That cupboaM must always be carefully locked.［A ］shut ［B ］held［C ］closed ［D ］kept14. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will __down the economy’。
考博复习中科院考博2006年英语试题
助力考博复习真题及解析中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试SAMPLE TESTTHE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESPAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.A. postB. statusC. positionD. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.A. legibleB. legitimateC. legislativeD. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A. endB. handC. coreD. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.A. impededB. impartedC. imploredD. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.A. spell outB. call uponC. fall overD. resort to6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grosslyB. severelyC. rapidlyD. drastically7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.A. elitismB. eloquenceC. eminenceD. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.A. alteredB. criticizedC. incorporatedD. translated9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.A. overB. withC. downD. through10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.A. discriminatingB. distributingC. disagreeingD. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to____________ them.A. find fault withB. make the most ofC. look down uponD. get even with12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveB. evasiveC. intensiveD. exhaustive13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.A. intoleranceB. pessimismC. injusticeD. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.A. countB. insistC. fallD. dwell15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their__________ and ran into the elevator.A. heartsB. tempersC. headsD. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price of17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.A. honestlyB. graciouslyC. coherentlyD. flexibly19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance inB. imagination atC. resemblance toD. predominance over20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.A. shout downB. get roundC. comply withD. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources.It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists,and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996)21. A. one B. it C. this D. there22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably28. A. in B. with C. as D. to29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31. A. on B. up C. down D. out32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track35. A. if B. or C. while D. asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materialsavailable to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective.The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological,etc., factors within a common base.As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.A. finding the most important cause for a particular historicaleventB. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the eventC. determining the common strands that make up a historicaleventD. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be______________.A. combining elements of different material into a unified wholeB. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an eventC. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventD. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because ____________.A. the events in history are more important than the people who make historyB. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical eventsC. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actionD. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses.C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage 2When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task for a large department.Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos.A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area.(Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.)Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the car—patrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, thecomputer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.A. Computers and CrimesB. Patrol Car DispatchingC. The Powerful ComputersD. The Police with Modern Equipment42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.A. locate every patrol carB. guarantee cars on regular patrolsC. keep in touch with each police carD. find out which car should respond to the incoming call43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.A. the dispatchers will be bored with itB. the officers may become carelessC. the criminals may take advantage of itD. the streets will be in a state of chaos44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at______________.A. assigning cars to regular patrolsB. responding to the incoming callsC. ordering officers to report their locationD. making routine patrols unpredictable45. According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?A. Police officers report their status constantly.B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell astory than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think,well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. Iftheir case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.46. According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to ______________.A. tell it in a creative wayB. take from it what the child likesC. add to it whatever at handD. read it out of the story book.47. In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author’s attitude towards fairy stories?A. He sees in them the worst of human nature.B. He dislikes everything about them.C. He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.D. He is expectant of the experimental results.48. According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to ____________.A. make children aggressive the whole lifeB. incite destructiveness in childrenC. function as a safety valve for childrenD. add children’s enjoyment of cruelty to others49. If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be______________.A. scared to deathB. taking it and even enjoying itC. suffering more the pain of fearD. dangerously terrified50. The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that ___________.A. old fairy stories keep updating themselves to cater for modern needsB. fairy stories have claimed many lives of victimsC. fairy stories have thrown our world into chaosD. fairy stories are after all fairy storiesPassage 4There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod.Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.” More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’ conduct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.51. The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a childfrom violent parents of ____________.A. a family on welfareB. a poor uneducated familyC. an educated black familyD. a middle-class white family52. “Sparing the rod” (in boldface) means ____________.A. spoiling childrenB. punishing childrenC. not caring about childrenD. not beating children53. Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _____________.A. taken as illegal in the New York StateB. considered being in the teacher’s provinceC. officially approved by lawD. disapproved by school teachers54. From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably thevictim of ____________.A. teachers’ corporal punishmentB. misjudgment of the courtC. parents’ ill-treatmentD. street violence55. The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run _____________.A. prevent violence of adultsB. save more childrenC. protect children from ill-treatmentD. better the systemPassage 5With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university scholars, literary economists, scientists or evenpoets. Disastrous deaths may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate acquaintances. A story set in a more remote African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably true background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant” novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly take delight in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two brokenribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler, He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with anear-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.56. The crime novel is regarded by the author as _________________.A. a not respectable form of the traditional novelB. not a true novel at allC. related in some ways to the historical novelD. a distinct branch of the traditional novel57. The creation of detective stories has its origin in _______________.A. seeking rest from work or worriesB. solving mysterious deaths in this societyC. restoring expectations in polite societyD. preventing crimes58. The characters of the detective stories are, generally speaking,_____________.A. more profound than those of the traditional novelsB. as real as life itselfC. not like human beings at allD. not very profound but not unlikely59. The setting of the detective stories is sometimes in a more remote place because ___________.A. it is more realB. our friends are familiar with itC. it pleases the readers in a wayD. it needs the readers’ support60. The writer of this passage thinks _____________.A. what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB. people like to feel that justice and goodness will always triumphC. they know in the real world good does not prevail over evilD. their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction readingPassage 6Whenever we are involved in a creative type of activity that isself-rewarding, a feeling overcomes us—a feeling that we can call “flow.” When we are flowing we lose all sense of time and awareness of what is happening around us; instead, we feel that everything is going just right.A rock dancer describes his feeling of flow like this: “If I have enough space, I feel I can radiate an energy into the atmosphere. I can dance for walls, I dance for floors. I become one with the atmosphere.” “You are in an ecstatic state to such a point that you don’t exist,” says a composer, describing how he feels when he “flows.” Players of any sport throughout the world are familiar with the feeling of flow; they enjoy their activity very much, even though they can expect little extrinsic reward. The same holds true for surgeons, cave explorers, and mountain climbers.Flow provides a sort of physical sensation along with an altered state of being. One man put it this way: “Your body feels good and awake all over. Your energy is flowing.” People who flow feel part of this energy; that is,they are so involved in what they are doing that they do not think of themselves as being separate from their activity. They are flowing along with their enjoyment. Moreover, they concentrate intensely on their activity. They do not try to concentrate harder, however; the concentration comes automatically. A chess player compares this concentration to breathing. As they concentrate, these people feel immersed in the action, lost in the action. Their sense of time is altered and they skip meals and sleep without noticing their loss. Sizes and spaces also seem altered: successful baseball players see and hit the ball so much better because it seems larger to them. They can even distinguish the seams on a ball approaching them at 165 kilometers per hour.It seems then that flow is a “floating action” in which the individual is aware of his actions but not aware of his awareness. A good reader is so absorbed in his book that he knows he is turning the pages to go on reading, but he does not notice he is turning these pages. The moment people think about it, flow is destroyed, so they never ask themselves questions such as “Am I doing well?” or “Did everyone see my jump?”Finally, to flow successfully depends a great deal on the activity itself; not too difficult to produce anxiety, not too easy to bring about boredom; challenging, interesting, fun. Some good examples of flow activities are games and sports, reading, learning, working on what you enjoy, and。
2006医博统考听力题解析原文
2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension ( 30% )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number L1. A. Go straight ahead along the street. B. Walk right into the lecture hall.C. Ask the woman a question.D. Attend a lecture.2. A. Larry will make other arrangements. B. Larry will not go for the outing.C. Larry will rearrange his plan.D. Larry has changed his mind.3. A. John has too many options. B. Alice needs a piece of advice.C. John has not decided yet.D. Alice has switched to medicine.4. A. It’s overrated. B. It’s rather boring.C. It’s hard to understand.D. It’s extremely interesting.5. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.6. A. She is angry. B. She is anxious.C. She is ridiculous.D. She is disappointed.7. A. She doubted what the man had said.B. She didn’t expect the man to listen to her.C. She didn’t remember exactly what she had said.D. She knew the man would benefit from her advice.8. A. He would prefer any weekday.B. He is not free until next week.C. He is able to make it on Tuesday.D. He’s available any day except Tuesday.9. A. To arrange an interview. B. To get a part-time job on campus.C. To take a course of pharmaceutics.D. To apply for a job with the company.10. A. He is still worried about his skin problem.B. He recommends an ointment to the woman.C. He didn’t see the doctor for his skin problem.D. He is working fine despite his rash around his waist.11. A. Her parents will let her stay in their house.B. Her parents’ friends will accommodate her.C. She plans to visit some friends in San Diego.D. She is moving to San Diego with her parents.12. A. The surgery was absolutely necessary for the patient.B. The surgery could not have been more successful.C. The necessity for the surgery was questionable.D. The patient could not stand the surgery.13. A. She would go to the drug store. B. She would go to see the doctor.C. She would take medicine at home.D. She would find the medicine cabinet.14. A. The math course is rather difficult.B. The woman asked a wrong person.C. The woman should take a basic math course.D. The man has probably taken the math course.15. A. A question and answer section. B. A self-introduction.C. A presentation.D. A seminar.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. For his dizziness. B. For his headaches.C. For his hurting eyes.D. For his broken finger.17. A. They have been going on for two weeks. B. They are hurting his eyes.C. They are hard to explain.D. They occur at any time.18. A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon.C. In the evening.D. At night.19. A. His night life. B. His broken finger.C. His work pressure.D. His irregular hours.20. A. He feels cold. B. He feels faint.C. He feels nothing but sleepy.D. He feels himself falling down.Passage Two21. A. Easy to digest. B. Rich in nutrition.C. High in blood cholesterol.D. Free of harmful substances.22. A. A rise in egg price. B. A high incidence of heart disease.C. A drop in egg sales.D. The emergence of a new life style.23. A. The reduced consumption of eggs.B. The development of substitute eggs.C. The improved ways of cooking eggs.D. The removal of nutritional substances in eggs.24. A. The feeds. B. The taste.C. The recipe.D. The amount of cholesterol25. A. Eggs and their recipes. B. Eggs and their substitutes.C. Misconceptions about eggs.D. The nutritional value of eggs.Passage Three26. A. It is fun though not widely practiced. B. It is to benefit your dependents.C. It is getting popular.D. It is absurd.27. A. The buying of life insurance is not the business of guessing.B. There must be a standard amount of life insurance for people.C. People are encouraged to buy more life insurance for more benefit.D. One has to rely on an agent to figure out the right amount of life insurance.28. A. Following general estimates.B. Upgrading your quality of life.C. Making as much money as you can.D. Maintaining your current living standard.29. A. The size of a family. B. The source of income.C. The basic human needs.D. The death of the breadwinner.30. A. To present the advantages and disadvantages of life insurance.B. To encourage people to buy life insurance.C. To tell people how to buy life insurance.D. To help improve the quality of life.2006全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 男士表示想知道自己可不可以问一个问题，女士表示同意，由此可知之后男士会提问。
复旦大学英语试题及答案
复旦大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?A) AccommodationB) AccompanyC) AccompliceD) Acclimatization答案：D2. The sentence "She is an avid reader of science fiction." means that she:A) Dislikes science fiction.B) Reads science fiction frequently.C) Is a science fiction writer.D) Is a scientist.答案：B3. In the context of a business meeting, "to table a motion" means to:A) Put the motion on the table.B) Introduce a new topic.C) Delay the discussion of the motion.D) End the discussion of the motion.答案：C4. The phrase "break the ice" is commonly used to describe:A) Starting a fire.B) Melting ice.C) Initiating a conversation.D) Cooling down a heated argument.答案：C5. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A) She don't like chocolate.B) They are going to the store.C) He is going to went to the park.D) We was planning to go to the movies.答案：B6. The word "peruse" in the sentence "She perused the document carefully" means:A) To glance at quickly.B) To read thoroughly.C) To ignore completely.D) To write the document.答案：B7. "A picture is worth a thousand words" is an idiom that suggests:A) A single image can convey more information than a lengthy description.B) A picture is more valuable than a thousand words.C) A thousand words are needed to describe a picture.D) Pictures are less informative than words.答案：A8. The verb "to mitigate" in the context of a legal dispute means to:A) Intensify the dispute.B) Settle the dispute.C) Reduce the severity of the dispute.D) Ignore the dispute.答案：C9. In a scientific context, "hypothesis" refers to:A) A proven fact.B) A testable explanation.C) A wild guess.D) A scientific theory.答案：B10. The phrase "to go the extra mile" is used to describe someone who:A) Travels an additional mile.B) Is willing to do more than is required.C) Works in the travel industry.D) Is a long-distance runner.答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The opposite of "advocate" is _________.答案：opponent2. The past tense of "begin" is _________.答案：began3. In the phrase "a piece of cake," "cake" is a metaphor for something that is _________.答案：easy4. The word "meticulous" is often used to describe someonewho is _________.答案：very careful5. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of _________. 答案：life forms6. The word "ambivalent" means having mixed feelings of_________.答案：approval and disapproval7. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to _________.答案：ignore8. The word "procrastinate" means to _________.答案：delay9. The term "symbiotic" describes a relationship where two organisms _________.答案：depend on each other10. In the phrase "to bite the bullet," "bullet" is a metaphor for _________.答案：facing a difficult situation三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读以下短文，并回答后面的问题。
(NEW)复旦大学考博英语历年真题详解
目 录2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2010年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2009年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2008年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2007年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2005年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2004年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2003年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePart I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______ way the store was organized.A. logicalB. haphazardC. orderlyD. tidy【答案】B句意：由于店铺东西摆放杂乱无章，干活时找寻所需东西相当【解析】困难。
haphazard随意的；无计划的；胡乱的。
orderly整齐的；有组织的。
2. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather; and truly ______ cuisine.A. destructiveB. horribleC. amiableD. delectableD【答案】【解析】句意：密西西比州也保持着南方人们热情好客、气候一年到头温暖舒适和菜肴真正美味可口的声誉。
2006年复旦大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年复旦大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．ploddedB．peepedC．plungedD．peaked正确答案：D解析：peak到达最高点；plod沉重缓慢地走；peep窥视，偷看；Plunge 投入，跳进，陷入。
2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed awayB．passed offC．passed outD．passed by正确答案：C解析：pass out失去知觉，昏厥；pass away去世；pass off事情发生并完成，疼痛、药效等慢慢消失；pass by走过，经过。
3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．saggedB．passed offC．saddledD．scored正确答案：A解析：sag向下凹或中间下陷；松弛或不整齐地悬着；sack解雇某人；saddle sb．with sth．让某人承担使人厌恶的责任或任务等；score得分。
4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．workedB．worksC．to workD．work正确答案：D解析：Would rather do sth．宁愿，宁可，较喜欢。
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2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解
Paper One
Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.
1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly
over the next two months.
A. plodded
B. peeped
C. plunged
D. peaked
【答案】D
【解析】句意：官方数字显示，失业率在十一月达到顶峰，然后在随后的两个月里慢慢回落。
peak到达最高点。
plod沉重缓慢地走。
peep窥视，偷看。
plunge投入，跳进，陷入。
2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat
stroke.
A. passed away
B. passed off
C passed out
D. passed by
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当这位老妇人由于中暑而昏过去时，立刻被送往了附近的医院。
pass out 失去知觉，昏厥。
pass away去世。
pass off事情发生并完成；疼痛、药效等慢慢消失。
pass by走过，经过。
3. Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.
A. sagged
B. sacked
C. saddled
D. scored
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她脑子里满是那天早上她必须得做的工作。
sag向下凹或中间下陷；松弛或不整齐地悬着。
sack解雇某人；洗劫；就寝。
saddle sb. with sth.让某人承担使人厌恶的责任或任务等。
score记分，得分；刻痕。
4. Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.
A. worked
B. works
C. to work
D. work
【答案】A
【解析】would rather sb. did sth.虚拟语气，宁愿某人做某事。
5. Jane was badly taken in when she prod $300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was
not worth ______.
A. that all much
B. all that much
C. much all that
D. that much all
【答案】C
【解析】意思为“它并不值那么多”。
6. A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a
glimpse of the stars of the show.
A. contracted
B. consulted
C. contemplated
D. congregated
【答案】D
【解析】句意：众人耐心地聚集在剧院的入口，希望一睹明星的风采。
congregate聚集。
contract使缩短；感染；订约。
consult商量，商议，请教，参考。
contemplate凝视，沉思，预期，企图。
7. UN diplomats are suspicious th at the country’s ______ weapons programme may
be broader than reported.
A. frail
B. clandestine
C. temperate
D. fake
【答案】B
【解析】句意：联合国外交官怀疑这个国家的秘密武器计划可能比报道的更为庞大。
clandestine秘密的。
frail虚弱的，脆弱的，薄弱的。
temperate有节制的，适度的，戒酒的。
fake假的。
8. Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.
A. trace
B. transcend
C. tranquilize
D. trail
【答案】B
【解析】句意：幸好表演和摄影都很出色，从而成功地超越了电影情节的局限。
transcend 超越，胜过。
trace描绘，映画；追踪，回溯。
tranquilize使安静，使平静。
trail被拖在后面；疲惫地走；蔓生，蔓延。
9. When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for
being too ______.
A. alert
B. zealous
C. meek
D. gregarious
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当报告公开时，由于其言之过轻，遭到了各种环境组织的批评。
meek温顺的，谦恭的，和缓的。
alert提防的，警惕的。
zealous热心的。
gregarious社交的，群居的。
10. Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.
A. pull off
B. pull out
C. pull through
D. pull on
【答案】C
【解析】pull through度过难关，恢复健康。
pull off脱，努力实现，赢得。
pull out拔出，离开，退出。
pull on穿，戴，继续拉。
11. Nell’s father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.
A. so old a
B. a too old
C. too old a
D. a so old
【答案】C
【解析】too…to太……而不能。
12. The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could
see where he was going.
A. taking
B. to take
C. having taken
D. being taken
【答案】A
【解析】risk doing sth.冒险做某事。
选项C的完成时和选项D的进行时不符合题意。
13. We were running out of money and things were looking ______.
A. grim
B. glossy
C. gorgeous
D. gracious
【答案】A。