精品中英文外文翻译--基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计-定

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精品中英文外文翻译基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计定

Based on monolithic integrated circuit automobile security alarmsystem designAbstract:Decodes the automobile security system using them on litchis integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, both enhanced the system security, and greatly reduced the cost.Keyword: Monolithic integrated circuit, Automobile security system , Code/decodeIntroductionIs unceasingly progressive along with the social economy and the high tech rapid development, in the routine work and the life, the automobile has become the people ideal transportation vehicle. But the following motor vehicle the case which robbed gradually is also in creased has created the pilot economical property loss. In order tore duce the automobile to rob the event the formation rate, for has the automobile the user to provide the safety control, simply develops one kind to be reliable, the ease of operation, can send out in the discovery normal condition to the pilot reports to the police the reminder and the security warning safety system has the practical significance. This article based on to the existing automobile security alarm system generalized analysis, develops one kind of brand-new security alarm system. This system has mainly used the jump code code/decoding principle, causes the overall system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate.1. System principle of workThe automobile security alarm system the remote control which carries by the driver and installs in the automobile the controller two parts composes. The remote control and the controller all use eight CMOS which American AT-MEL Corporation produces the A VR monolithic integrated circuit, this series monolithic integrated circuit based on new simplifies instruction R the ISC structure, includes the service life most to be few is 1,000 time writes/scratches the circulation the Flash program memory, as well as the service life at least is 100,000time writes/scratches the circulation E the EPROM data-carrier storage, some 2 only have when the entire piececleaning can clean the programming encryption locks the localization.1.1 System designThe automobile security examination uses the ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor is composed by the ultrasonic wave transmission circuit and the supersonic reception electric circuit, in the automobile cab appropriate position, installs the ultrasonic wave launch/receiver, as well as switch electric circuit T1. When the automobile parks the vehicle owner person must leave the automobile, with remote control closed switch T1, the automobile alarm system sat garrisons the condition, around the system use ultrasonic wave examination vehicle obstacle. Launches the partial electric circuits likes chart 1 to show. When its P1 mouth P1.1, P1.2 to the D trig , the P1.0 control ultrasonic wave launch, are 0, the photo electricity coupler outputs the TP1 end is 1, the permission ultrasonic wave launch, launches/the receive ultrasonic wave in turn, the circulation repeatedly carries on. Simultaneously the monolithic integrated circuit interior counter starts to count. The steam distance between vehicles obstacle distance is the time which sends out through the sound navigation and ranging reflects spends determines and carries on the computation. The reflection signal causes the D trigger to produce interrupt request signal INT1,simultaneously stops counting, reads takes counts the value, calculates the actual distance after the formula, then carries on the comparison with the datum distance, if examines when the actual distance is bigger than reference value 80cm, does not carry on the accustom-optics to report to the police; If some people approach the automobile to enter the cab, the examination actual distance is smaller than or was equal to when reference value 80cm, through monolithic integrated circuit P2.2 and the P2.3 port, actuates the indicating lamp display circuit and the sound alarm circuit, sends out three two flash. And triggers a high level, the actuation is wire less signal transmission circuit.Chart 1 Ultrasonic wave transmission circuit1.2 Code/decoding principleThe present automobile remote control security system are many isusesVD5026/27, PT2262/72, HT12E/D and so on the general code/decodes the electric circuit, its password decided by the component address, each set of security systems use a fixed invariable password. Along with the micro processing technology development, through the receiver emote control transmitting message, may intercept this fixed password, moreover general arranges the decoding address to lose the person to carry the component size limit, its quantity is impossible too much, can obtain not repeatedly codes very is also limited, also can very quickly explain the password with the automatic scanner. Therefore, this kind of password fixed invariable automobile security system has received the serious threat. Decodes the automobile security system using the monolithic integrated circuit interior resources realization jump code, it each time uses the remote control password all is changing, with the password no longer duplicates uses, causes the interception password also is makes a futile effort, in addition, it may increase the enough many passwords figure, enhances the system resistance illegal scanning the ability. The remote control coding altogether has 12 bytes, separately by 3 bytes codes channels code, 3 bytes codes forewords number, 5 bytes jumps codes, 1 byte pressed key operation code is composed. Encoded front adds on logic in each byte 0 to take the outset position, encoded behind adds on a logical 1 achievement in each byte to stop the position, and in most front adds on several logic 1 to take the guidance signal, this constituted the serial coded signal which uses in to transmit. The code channel code uses in to express the remote control status; each set of systems use a fixed channel code. The code foreword number uses in to record the encoded order, its starting value is 0, the monolithic integrated circuit every time codes a time, the code foreword number upwardly counts time. The code channel code and the code foreword number deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guarantees them power cut the influence. The jump code is the systematic true password, it passes through the complex special algorithm by the code channel code and the code foreword number to extract, this special algorithm foreign security. The pressed key operation code by the pressed key which presses was decided, when "the hypothesis" the key is pressed down, its code decides as 0 1H; When "relieves" the key presses down, its code decides as 00H. Whether is the decoding confirms receive the code legitimate a series of operating process. Was confirmed the legitimate code needs to satisfy three conditions; (1) codes the channel code and the decoding channel code is same; (2) coded the foreword number to be bigger than the decoding foreword number (decodingforeword number to record on legitimately has used code foreword number, this condition might guarantee before has used code was invalid); (3) jumps the code to be equal to reuses the special algorithm to extract changes the code. After the monolithic integrated circuit confirmed receives is the legitimate code, writes the code foreword number in the decoding foreword number, and completes corresponding operation processing according to the operation code. The decoding channel code and the decoding foreword number also deposits in monolithic integrated circuit EEPROM, guards against because of power cut loses.1.3 Security reports to the police realizationIf will have robber Chen ZheRu the room, starts the automobile, after wrong password, then the automobile storage battery +12V voltage, the ignition electric current way ignition lock, the ignition outage, the engine extinguishes, again starts, will duplicate the above process, like this, the bandits and thieves always will not be able to start the automobile, will not be able to achieve its anticipated goal. The alarm circuit mainly is composed by the integrated block and the speaker and electronic switching SCR. Triode or the multiple-unit tube, are for enhance the electric circuit measure which the power but often uses, it has composed a current amplification factor very big equivalent transistor, total enlargement factor for these two enlargement factor product. SCR is the electronic switching which constitutes by the silicon-controlled rectifier, the electric capacity and the resistance constitution negative booster concurrently filter, provides +3 +4V to IC the voltage, IC is traces Draws up sound reports to the police the integrated circuit, the alarm apparatus by the SCR control, robs the vehicle thief once after the wrong password, then the storage battery electric current enters the security system besides a group, another group is started in the engine, after leads the engine work, natural contact output voltage, after the differentiating circuit, silicon-controlled rectifier SCR is triggered, also passes through the resistance to fall the pressure, the voltage adds in the IC power source input end, IC obtains the voltage output alarm, enlarges after the multiple-unit tube, Destroys moves the speaker to send out resoundingly reports to the police the sound. when static state, entire electric circuit does not consume the electricity.2. Software designThe alarm apparatus software design mainly divides into:Master routine (alarm apparatus initialization, key modulation and decoding); Alarm apparatus interrupthandling routine. This alarm apparatus installs on the automobile steering wheel. After installs, starts the alarm apparatus, the alarm apparatus automatically retards20~30s to start to work, in order to lets use the person to have the enough time to lock the gate to leave the automobile. After the time delay the alarm apparatus enters the value to defend the active status, once the vehicle door is turned on or the windowpane hits garrulously, the oscillation pick-up examines the signal, time delay 20s starts to report to the police. The time delay goal is the master which causes the automobile is opening the gate to enter the vehicle internal energy closure alarm apparatus, in order to avoid reports to the police by mistake.2.1 Master routineThis part mainly completes to each severance entrance hypothesis, and reports to the police the depositing unit initialization to each fixed unit, establishes the special symbol value and to the pressed key interrupts processing. Master routine design diagram like chart 2 shows.Chart2 master routine frame chart2.2 Alarm apparatus interrupt handling routineThe burglar alarm disposal procedure uses time severance inquiry processing, each time severance, only is inquires each kind of control flag bit, controls each group output according to its condition. The procedure has not used has circulation processing the way, therefore time control conclusion, cannot eliminate controls the flag bit, only is repositions the scene, the waiting next time severance, again judges whether controls the conclusion.3. Concluding remarkUses automobile security alarm system cost which this kind of monolithic integrated circuit composes low, performance reliable, simultaneously settles the extension to be convenient. The use jump code code/decoding principle, causes the system to be safer, greatly reduces password explaining rate, will obtain the wide spread application in the future automobile security alarm system.基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计摘要:应用单片机内部资源实现的跳变编码/解码汽车防盗系统，它每次使用的遥控密码都在变化，既提高了系统的安全性，又大大降低了成本。

单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译

单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译(含:英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Design of Home Safety Alarm System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerAbstractThis design is to study the field of home safety alarm based on single-chip microcomputer, and design a home safety alarm system that is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and is cost-effective and easy to install. The alarm system adopts the communication mode of wireless communication and GSMcommunication and the modular design concept. It detects different types of risk factors in the home environment through different types of sensor units, and feedbacks the environmental parameters of different rooms to the main control unit. The control unit makes corresponding decisions and issues alarm instructions when necessary to ensure the safety of the home environment. The system is simple and convenient to operate and has a high degree of intelligence. It can detect home risk factors and prevent dangerous accidents.Keywords: home security alarm system; wireless communication; GSM1 Introduction1.1 Hidden dangers and detection in modern home lifeIn the modern home life, people cannot live without convenientliving materials such as running water, electricity, and natural gas. However, they bring convenience to us and also increase the unsafe factors in the home life, leaking water pipes, accidental fires, gas leaks, etc. An accident can bring irreparable damage to the family. With the increasing population of the city and the increasing mobility of the population, the crime rate of theft and house robbery has been high for many years. Traditional anti-theft doors and windows have a certain preventive effect, and there are also many security risks. A widevariety of decoration materials, furniture, and decorative items provide us with convenience and beautify the home while alsocontaminating formaldehyde. Therefore, the safety of the home environment has received increasing attention in recent years. How to create a comfortable, healthy and safe home environment has become a hot topic of common concern. In recent years, electronic technology has been changing with each passing day, and communication technology is flourishing. Among them, the development of chip technology and sensor technology is particularly prominent, which provides new options for the solution of home security issues. The use of a home safety alarm device with a microcontroller and a sensor as its core enables the detection of various risk factors in the home, such as gas concentration, formaldehyde content, leakage of water pipes, and theft of rooms, etc. The system can perform remote alarms in a timely manner and notify the user Solve it.1.2 Selected topics and meaningWith the rapid development of science and technology and economic level, people's requirements for the home environment have evolved from the initial satisfaction of simple housing development to the emphasis on the human needs of residential housing. As a result, many safe, comfortable, fast, and convenient smart communities have emerged. where safety is the primary goal. In addition to human factors, the establishment of security systems is an indispensable and important measure for the realization of smart residential security.At present, there are many types of home security products on the market, which can be roughly divided into several relatively independent categories such as anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, and access control systems. Some products have fewer functions, and products with more comprehensive functions have relatively higher prices. Installation is complicated. In other words, there is an urgent need for a product that requires a price to be popular, strong functions, simple installation, easy use, reliable work, and low false alarm rate. Therefore, starting from the actual application, this article systematically elaborates that the use of the system does not need to change the power lines in the home. It has low cost, does not affect aesthetics, wireless communication, and is easy to use. It is suitable for general household use. Home security is closely related to each of us. The use of home security alarm devicescan improve the quality of life of people and make life more secure and convenient. Because of the advantages of the system and the unmatched price/performance ratio of the 51 series microcontrollers, it will be used in future development. Has a broad market prospects and development potential.1.3 Research Status and Development Trends at Home and AbroadIn recent years, with the rapid development of electronicinformation technology, computer technology, communication technology and sensor technology, there are more and more products related to home security alarms. Domestic and foreign companies such as Siemens, Honeywell, Bosch, Shenzhen Yingmao and many other companies have developed a series of home security alarm products. They generally have wired or wireless communication functions to complete some alarm functions and have carried out Successful application. For example, Siemens' product portfolio includes general-purpose security andsecurity solutions and services, including access control systems, intrusion detection, video surveillance systems, on-site service control centers, and emergency management systems. Thanks to the installation of the Siemens fire and voice evacuation system, the Jinmao Tower and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai, the world's top hotel, provide safe and comfortable working and living environments for thousands of people. It can be foreseen that the smart residential community will become the development trend of the construction industry in the future, and the home security alarm system will become an integral part of theintelligent residential community. In particular, as people's living standards improve, people using home security alarm system equipmentwill More and more, people's lives will be more comfortable and safer.2 home security alarm system overall design2.1 Overall Design Scheme of Home Security Alarm SystemThe design of this system is a new home security alarm system that integrates single-chip microcomputer control technology, sensor detection technology, and communication technology. The system is based on the single-chip microcomputer and consists of various detection units placed in different rooms and main control units responsible for decision-making. Each detection unit is responsible for detecting various conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde content, leaking water, etc., and then sending the collected data to the main control unit through wireless communication, and the main control unit makes a decision and issues a corresponding The instruction controls the operation of the system, thus realizing the automatic detection and automatic alarm of the indoor environment and maintaining the safety of the indoor environment. The hardware of the system consists of eight parts: main control unit, fire detection unit, water leakage detection unit, anti-theft detection unit, gas leak detection unit, formaldehyde content detection unit, wireless communication module, and GSM network communication module. Ensure the normal operation of the system. The circuit of the system is mainlycomposed of a power supply module, a microcontroller module, a sensor module, a wireless module, a display module, and an alarm module.2.2 main control unitThe main control unit, as the control center of the system, is responsible for receiving the information of each detection unit through the wireless module, processing the information, finding the alarm information to issue a corresponding alarm, and promptly notifying the user for processing. The main control unit can complete tasks such as GSM network SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, LED screen display, and keyboard control. The GSM short message module is used to send and receive short messages so as to monitor home security. A variety of sensors are used to collect home information, and information fusion technology is used to obtain more reliable alarm information. After receiving the alarm information, the owner responded to the SMS to control and handle the situation on the site, so as to ensure home security and theft prevention. The system is simple in structure, easy to install and debug, and easy to use.DetectorThe detector is used to detect various environmental information in the room. The environmental information is sent to the main control unit so that the main control unit can process the information in time according to the information. The sensor is the core component of the detector. According to the detection situation,sensors of different types and different principles constitute different detectors. The detectors involved in the system mainly include the following types:(1) Fire detectorFire detectors are mainly installed in the kitchen. It uses a combination of smoke sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. Smoke sensors mainly include ion smoke sensors and photoelectric smoke sensors. The system uses ion smoke sensors. The ionized smoke sensor contains an internal radiation source 241. The current and voltage of the ionization chamber inside and outside the sensor are stable under normal conditions. When a fire occurs, the ionization chamber ionizes positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field. The two ions move toward the positive and negative poles, and the internal current and voltage change to generate an alarm signal. The temperature and humidity sensor can convert the temperature and humidity of the environment into analog signals. These analog signals are converted into digital signals thatcan be processed by the MCU under the action of their own processing chip. In the event of a fire, the temperature and humidity in the room will rise sharply within a short period of time. Comprehensive temperature and humidity conditions can prevent false alarms due to external interference from the smoke sensor.(2) Water leak detectorThe leak detector is mainly installed in the bathroom. Its working principle is mainly to use the conductive characteristics of water. Thetwo probes of the detector are installed slightly higher than the ground, and are respectively connected to an I/O pin and GND pin of the microcontroller. When water leakage occurs, the water level is higher than the height of the probe. The two probes of the detector are turned on, and the level of the I/O pin of the microcontroller is set low to generate an alarm signal.(3) Theft detectorThe anti-theft detector is installed above the window. The detection part is mainly composed of pyroelectric and infrared sensors. When a gangster enters through the window, pyroelectric and infrared laser sensors can generate alarm signalsat the same time. The combination of the two sensors can preventfalse alarms caused by small animals or accidents. An important component of a pyroelectric sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric that maintains its polarization after being poled, known as spontaneous polarization. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing temperature and drops to zero at the Curie point. Therefore, when this material is exposed to infrared radiation and the temperature rises, the surface charge will decrease, which corresponds to the release of a part of the charge and is therefore called pyroelectricity. The released charge can be converted to a voltage output via an amplifier, thereby generating an alarm signal. When radiation continues to act on the pyroelectric element to balance its surface charge, it no longerreleases charge. Therefore, pyroelectric sensors cannot detect constantinfrared radiation. The infrared detector employs a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch (photoelectric sensor) is an abbreviation ofthe photoelectric proximity switch. It uses the object to block orreflect the light beam and strobes the circuit by a synchronous circuit to detect the presence or absence of an object. The photoelectric switch converts the input current into an optical signal on the transmitter,and the receiver then detects the target object according to thereceived light intensity or presence or absence.(4) Gas leak detectorThe gas is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide,and ethylene, and the natural gas is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other components. It can be seen that in both gases, methane is an important component of them. By detecting the methane content, it can be determined whether gas or natural gas leaks occur. The methane sensor converts the information related to the methane concentration into analog signals. These analog signals can be converted into digital signals by the A/D chip and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller can obtain the indoor methane content according to the size of the digital data. Calculate the concentration of gas and natural gas so that detection and alarm can be achieved.(5) Formaldehyde detectorFormaldehyde is generally considered to be the number one killer of the indoorenvironment. Its release period is generally 3-15 years, and itsharm is very serious for the human body, especially infants, pregnant women, the elderly and chronic patients. Formaldehyde mainly exists onthe floor, decoration plates, furniture, carpets, paints, and glue. People can easily overlook its existence, but it can cause serious damage to people's health. The formaldehyde sensor uses the electrochemical formaldehyde gas sensor HCHO produced by Dart Sensor.This sensor is developed based on a breath alcohol sensor and issuitable for monitoring in most environments (-20?C~+50?C) (for special applications, it can be used at higher temperatures). This sensor is simple in design, with few components and its cost is reduced. It doesnot require power supply excitation. It only requires power duringsignal processing and display, so it is only a simple small battery cell.communication deviceThis system mainly adopts wireless communication methods, whichavoids complicated laying of lines and is both beautiful and convenient. The main control unit and each subunit communicate with the wireless module 24L01. The effective range is 60 meters, which fully meets the needs of home use. The communication between the main control unit andthe user adopts the GSM (mobile phone network) method. The alarm system can send the information in the home to the user as a short message. The user can also control the running of the home system by sending an SMS.Home Security Alarm System Functions and Working PrinciplesThe main control unit of the system can be placed in the living room, and the detection unit can be installed in different rooms of the house. For example, the fire detection unit is installed in the kitchen, the leak detection unit may be installed in the toilet, the anti-theft alarm detection unit is installed above the door and window, the gas leak detection unit is installed in the kitchen, and the formaldehyde content detection unit is placed in the living room or the bedroom. Thedetection unit placed in different locations sends information to the main control unit in real time through the wireless device. Once a fire, leaking water pipe, burglary, or gas leak occurs, the main control unit will immediately receive an alarm signal. Then the main control unit The unit will judge and process the alarm signal, get the alarm type, make an audible and visual alarm, and notify the user through the GSM network. The home security alarm system has six main functions: Mobile phone network intelligent alarm. When an unexpected situation in the home is detected, an alarm is sent through a text message. It canmonitor the concentration of gas or natural gas in the home, discovergas leaks, and promptly report an alarm. Anti-theft function, when athief enters, immediately makes an alarm, and promptly informs thepolice and the household head; Intelligent fire alarm, immediately when the fire occurs in the home, to alarm, to reduce the loss of property; Intelligent waterproof detection function, found a leak in the home, timely closure of the main valve, And notify the owner by SMS to avoidthe loss; The system can be controlled by the remote controller, whichis easy to use and easy to operate.3 Hardware Design of Home Security Alarm System3.1 Design of the main control unitThe main controller consists of power supply, GSM communication module, wireless communication module, display device, button, and remote controller. The structure is shown in the figure.Figure 3 main control unit system diagram Power section uses theAC220/DC5V power supply module, after the power supply voltage transformer voltage regulator, and finally get a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller and other electrical equipment. The display device uses 12864 liquid crystal, 12864 is the abbreviation of dot matrix number of 128*64 dot matrix LCD module, 12864 LCD with Chinese font library can display 4 rows and 8 columns of 32 characters with 16 16 dot matrix, each The display RAM can display 1 Chinese character or 2 16×8 lattice full height ASCII code characters, that is, each display can display up to 32 Chinese characters or 64 ASCII characters. The display of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and system working status is realized through the liquid crystal, so that people can understand the working status of the system in real time. The basic circuit for displaying the liquid crystal is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 LCD connection circuit diagram The GSM mobile network communication module is selected from theSiemens TC35 module, which is a dual-band 900/1800MHz highly integrated GSM module, it is easy to integrate, cost-effective, good product quality and performance The system guarantees that the system communicates with the user's mobile phone via SMS, which is convenient and quick. The GSM module can transmit voice and data signals andconnect the SIM card reader and antenna respectively through theinterface connector and antenna connector. The automatic baud rate is1.2kb/s~115kb/s. It supports Short Message Service (SMS) in Text and PDU formats, and can send text messages and make phone calls. The module expansion circuit is shown in Figure 5, and the features are described below. Information transmission content: Voice and data power: Single power supply 3.3V ~ 5.5V Frequency band: Dual-band GSM900MHz andDCS1800MHz (Phase 2+) Transmitting power: 2W(GSM900MHz Class 4) 1W (DCS1800MHz Class 1) 8SIM Card Connection: External Antenna: External antenna connected by antenna connectorTalk mode: 300mA (Typ.) Figure 5 TC35 peripheral expansion circuit diagram The wireless communication device uses the 24L01 wireless module, and the maximum operating speed is 2Mbps. It is highly efficient GFSK modulation and has strong anti-interference ability. Up to 126 available channels to meet the needs of multi-point communication and frequency hopping communication, built-in hardware CRC error detection and point-to-multipoint communication address control; Low power consumption 1. 9 - 3. 6V operation, 22uA in standby mode Under power-down mode is 900nA; Built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small and exquisite; The module can be set bysoftware address, can be directly used by various microcontrollers, software programming is very convenient. When connecting with P0 port of 51 series single-chip microcomputer, it needs to add 10K pull-upresistor and it is not necessary to connect with other ports. For other series of microcontrollers, if it is 5V, please refer to the output current of the IO of this series of microcontrollers. If it exceeds 10mA, series resistor divider is required. If it is 3. 3V, it can be directly connected to the IO line of the RF2401 module. For example, if AVRseries microcontrollers are 5V, they are generally connected in series with 2K resistors. The keypad is used to set the basic parameters of the main control unit. It can also set the parameters through the SAA3010T remote control. The remote control receiver uses HS0038.The connection circuit with the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Infrared remote control receiver circuit we use the receiver head, its drive circuit is simple, easy to control the microcontroller. Its operation method is the same as that of an ordinary TV remote controller, and the operation is simple and easy to use.3.2 Design of fire detection unitThe fire alarm unit is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The increase of the temperature and humidity sensor can enhance the reliability of the alarm and reduce the occurrence of false alarms. The composition of the fire alarm unit is shown in Figure 8. Fig. 8 System diagram of fire detection unit The smoke sensorconverts the collected smoke concentration into an analog signal. Afterthe A/D chip, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller. Temperature and humidity sensor The DH11can send temperature and humidity in digital form to the microcontroller, so the signal does not have to be processed. The MCU sends the received information to the master control unit through the wireless communication module 24L01. The type of smoke sensor used in the system is MQ-2. The gas sensitive material used by MQ-2 is tin dioxide (SnO2) with low conductivity in clean air, and its sensitivity to smoke is very high. 3.3 Design of leak detection unitThe unit's design mainly utilizes the conductive properties of water. There are two detection probes connected to the microcontroller, which are connected to the I/O pin and the GND pin of the microcontroller. When in use, put the two probes above the bathroom floor. When there is water leakage, the toilet will produce water. The two probes of the detector are connected to the stagnant water. The preset high-level I/O pins are set low. , Generate an alarm signal, the microcontroller then sends the alarm signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module, thus completing the entire alarm process. The specific structure of the alarm unit is shown in Figure 11.3.4 Design of Gas Leak Detection UnitThe gas leak detection unit is mainly composed of a methane content displayliquid crystal, a methane sensor, a wireless communication module, and a buzzer alarm. The structure is shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows thegas leakage detection unit system. Among them, the liquid crystal display is a 5110 liquid crystal display. Its features are: Cost-effective, LCD1602 can display 32 characters, and Nokia5110 can display 15 Chinese characters, 30 characters, Nokia5110 bare screen only 8. 8 yuan, LCD1602 generally about 15 yuan, LCD12864 generally 50 to 70 yuan; interface is simple, only four I / O lines can drive, LCD1602 need 11 I / O lines, LCD12864 need 12 root. The speed is 20 times that of theLCD12864 and 40 times that of the LCD1602. The model selected for the methane sensor is GJ4. Its output is analog and needs to be sent to the microcontroller via A/D conversion. Its use is similar to the smoke sensor.3.5 Design of formaldehyde monitoring unitFormaldehyde detection unit is mainly composed of formaldehyde sensor, operational amplifier, wireless communication module and sound and light alarm. The formaldehyde sensor converts the formaldehyde concentration into electrical signals. The signal is processed by the operational amplifier and then input to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer judges the signal and sends the formaldehyde content signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module. The sensor contains a conventional two-electrode fuel cell sensor. The working electrode discharges electrons to the counter electrode through an external circuit and is consumed at the counting electrode end with the reduction of oxygen. The internal circuit is realized by the ion current in the electrolyte. Well-designedto facilitate the growth of electrolyte. The rise and fall of the electrolyte varies with the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, but the normal operation will not affect the calibration value. The specific circuit shown in Figure.3.6 Design of anti-theft alarm unitThe anti-theft alarm unit is a double detector consisting of a pyroelectric sensor and an infrared sensor. Compared with conventional pyroelectric or infrared single sensor systems, Shuangjian detectors have significantly reduced their false alarm rates.When the Shuangjian detector works, the two signals of thepyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor are processed by the NAND gate and sent to the SCM. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, when designing, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor, and the principle diagram of false alarms that can reduce the external interference signal by changing the lens division method is shown in Fig.16. Fig. 16 System diagram of the anti-theft alarm unit When the double-detection detector works, the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor signal are sent to thesingle-chip microcomputer after being processed by a NAND gate. Whenonly two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated.In addition, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor during design. By changing the lens segmentation mode, false alarms due toexternal interference signals can be reduced. 3.7 Design of Communication SectionThe communication part of this system is mainly composed of GSM mobile network communication module and 24L01 wireless communication module. The GSM module communicates with the user's mobile phone through the mobile phone network of the mobile phone, and the user can understand the security situation at home at any time. Each detection unit communicates with the main control unit through the wireless communication module and feeds back the detected information to the main control unit in time. System Communication Structure Diagram The GSM mobile network communication module uses the TC35 module. Its main features are wide coverage, low cost, reliable quality, and high security. It inherits the standard AT instruction set and RS232interface standard internally, which makes it easier for the microcontroller system to control it. It reduces the design of external circuits and simplifies the programming of the program. The hardware circuit is not complicated, but there are many modules used, which increases the complexity of programming and the difficulty of debugging. Therefore, it is necessary to debug each module individually after being debugged by the single chip microcomputer. Communication module application circuit diagram SIM CARD is a mobile communication network user identification module. SIM CARD contains the user's user information and is an indispensable tool for communication with mobile phones. There are 6 pins corresponding to each other on the SIM card andthe card holder. This is the interface between SIM CARD and TC35. The wireless communication part adopts 24L01 wireless communication module, which has built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small size, software address, software programming is very convenient, built-in special voltage regulator circuit, using a variety of power supply including DC/DC switching power supply are very good The communication effect, when connected to the P0 port of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer, requires a pull-up resistor of 10K, and it is not necessary to connectto other ports. The user can set the alarm phone number, alarm mode,work mode, etc. through the keypad. Through the liquid crystal display, you can clearly understand the operating conditions of the system andthe environmental parameters in your home, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, formaldehyde concentration, leaks, and communication conditions.中文译文基于单片机的居家安全报警系统的设计摘要本设计是对基于单片机的居家安全报警领域进行研究，设计出以STC89C52 单片机为核心的高性价比，易于安装的居家安全报警系统。

外文翻译基于单片机的汽车倒车防撞语音提示系统

外文资料:BaSed On nRF24El and TMC2023 automobileCOlliSion avoidance SyStem development andrealizationCar engineering department Of institute Of technology Of MUniChBy LORENZ FERDIDADPrOgreSS Of SOCiety With the development Of times, more and more CarS have entered Ordinary people" S family. ThOUgh the highway terms is being updated, yet avoid the CrOWded CUrrent SitUatiOn Of getting On the Car Of UnaVOidabIe highway, in addition, the SPeed is improved gradually, the malignant traffic accident is happening all the time, have brought the enormous Iife and PrOPerty IOSS to PeOPle and the SOCiety・ Car anticollision SyStein Whether One Can Send OUt Seeing and hearing SUrVey device Of Warning SignaI in advance to driver・ It install, at car, Can SUrVeyJ attempt pedestrian, VehiCIe Or barrier around CIOSe the automobile body usually; Can Send OUt and COlIide the dangerous SignaI SOOn to ClriVer and PaSSenger ahead Of time, impel driver bypass driver take emergency measure PUniSh SPeCiaI dangerous SitUatiOn even, avoid IOSSeS・At present, though VariOUS COUntrieS StUdyJ PreVent SyStem Of COlliding from (USUalIy CalI the initiative SeCUrity SyStem in the WOrId) J but how COUId SOlVe the timid and alert PrOblem better, PerPIeXing relevant WOrkerS all the time・ The researcher in the WOrId StUdieS through a Iarge number Of experiments, has already reached COmmOn understanding, if Want to SOIVe PrObIem described above effectiVeIy, the anticollision SyStem must have the following functions:I)MUSt be CaPabIe Of examining the angle, the azimUthal information Of the goal is essential for removing emptily and alertly(2)APt to PrOdUCe anti-interference PerfOrmanCe StrOng COmPIiCatedtransmission signal, COOPerate With real-time high-efficient SignaI deal With With goal measuring algorithms, in Order to remove emptily and alertl y.OnIy the above two POintS COmbine together and guarantee the SyStematiC dependability that the Car defends COlIiding CIOSeIy.1TMC2023 ChiP and the nRF24El ChiP CharaCteriStiC introduced TMC2032 is One kind Of new entire digital COrrelatiOn instrument electric CirCUitJ its COrreIatiOn WOrd Iength and the related threshold are PrOgrammabIe・ ThiS ChiP is the monolithic 64 CMOS entire numeral COrreIatiOn instrument Iarge SCaIe integrated CirCUit WhiCh AmeriCan TRW COrPOratiOn recent years PrOnIOted, its interior had three independent CIOCkS 8 displacements POSitiOnS registers (StOChaStic data register A l IOCaI COde register B and ShieId COde register M) ; MOreOVer also has 7 registers to USe for to IOad Pre-PIaCed Iimit・ O、64 between WilfUlly IOng StOChaStiC data and the IOCaI COde after the COrreIatiOn OPeration, by the three Salnit the CUShiOn 7 BCD COde output, and Iimit COmPare With the initialization in the COmParator, if the COrreIatiVe VaIUe is bigger than Or is equal to Iilnit, then the flag bit by IOWIy ChangeS high・ BeCaUSe has USed the advanced high SPeed CMOS PrOdUCtiOn CraftJ the ParalleI COrrelatiOn SPeed reaches as high as above 30MHZ・BUt Widely applies to SynChrOniZatiOnJ the matched filtering, harms in the COde examination, the recording and the bar COde recognition, especially SUitS to the radar SignaI recognition. NRF24E1 is One kind Of OPerating frequency may achieve 2・ 4GHz the WireleSS radio frequency receiving and dispatching chip, the Channel OPeratiOn time is Smaller than 200 mu s, the data rate is IMbPS outside, does not need to meet the SAW filter, is global general IOW COSt radio frequency SyStem IeVeI ChiP WhiCh the PreSent WOrId PrOmOteS for the first time・The interior inlays has With 8,051 COmPatible microprocessors and 10 9 inputs A/D switches, may between Under the 1. 9V、3. 6V VOItage the Steady WOrk: The interior also inlays have impress the adjuster and the VDD VOItage monitoring device・WireIeSS receiving and dispatching partially has With the nRF2401SimiIar function, this function StartS by the internal ParalIeI InOUth and internal SPI, each due~out SignaI SayS regarding the PrOCeSSOr all may take SeVerS CarrieS On the PrOgramlIIingJ Or gives the IiIiCrOPrOCeSSOr through the GPlO POrt biography. ChiP nRF24El may realize the WireleSS COmmUniCatiOn in WOrId PUbIiC frequency band SCOPe 2.4 ' 2. 5GHz・ ReCeiVeS and dispatches the PartiaI PaCkageS to include the frequency divider, the amplifier, the regulator and two receiving and dispatching UnitS・ The OUtPUt energy, the frequency band and Other radio frequency Parameter PaSSabIe radio frequency registers COnVenientIy have PrOgrammed the adjustment・Under the transmission pattern, the CUrrent COnSUmPtiOn OnIy has 10. 5mA; Under the receive pattern, the CUrrent COnSUmPtion Only has 18mA, therefore the POWer IOSS is QUite low.2SyStemS Structures entire WraP information gathering SyStem is COmPOSed by five SetS Of radio frequencies IaUnCheS and the receiving device, each Set Of IaUnCheS and the receive PartiaI basic electric CirCUitS all are same, these five SetS Of transmitter-receiver Set also is COnneCted With the DSP CentraI PrOCeSSOrJ the CentraI PrOCeSSOr is responsible for the data WhiCh CaICUIateS them to PaSS on, IIIakeS the decision-making according to the actual SitUatiOn. EaCh Set Of IaUnCheS and receiving device StrUCtUre Iike Chart 1 ShOWS・ First by as the COre radio frequency transmission CirCUit PrOdUCeS the high frequency electromagnetic WaVe take nRF24El, then the modulation Signal WhiCh SendS by COrreIation OPerdtiOn ChiP TMC2032 to it CarrieS On the modulation, thus PrOdUCeS With Other radio frequency receiving and dispatching Unit different radio-frequency signals, PrePareS for full for the receive・ In Order to enable the electromagnetic WaVe SignaI to have the enough far PrOPagatiOn distance, but also needs to modulate after the SignaI to Carry On the enlargement, COmPIeteS this function the electric CirCUit is the merit PUtS the electric CirCUit・Finally PaSSeS On airborne to a SUCh Signa1. When SendS OUt the electromagnetic WaVe meets When the ObStaele returns, first must after COrrelation OPeMtiOn ChiPTMC2032 to it Carry On the recognition, if the Same group IaUnCheS Partially SendS receives, and further bequeaths this SignaI the radio frequency receive Part; OtherWiSe refuses to receive・Then the receive Partially PrOdUCeS according to the electromagnetic WaVe in the airborne dissemination The PhaSe moved CalCUlateS the time WhiCh its dissemination consumes, again CaICUIateS the ObStaCIe and this group Of receiving and dispatching PartiaI CiiStanCeS・ FinalIy gives this distance information the CentraI PrOCeSSOr・CentraI PrOCeSSing monolithic COnfidential at the Same time the distance information WhiCh PaSSeS On to five groups Of radio frequencies receiving and dispatching Unit makes the COmPUtat ion, Obtains ObStaCIe and VehiCIe SPatiaI POSitiOn WhiCh measured・ReaCheS this POintJ the ObStaele information gathering WOrk basically completes, is Ieft OVer is bequeaths again this COmPrehenSiVe information the higher Paraffin CentraI PrOCeSSOrJ IetS it make the final decisiOn-making□3receiving and dispatching UnitS SCheme Of arrangement and the COmPUtatiOn PrinCiPIe automobile in the middle Of the travel process, regarding the front ObStaCIeJ must be able to judge the ObStaele to be away from the COmPUtatiOnJ A, B, C three distinguish the representative to install in front Of the front Of a train three SUPerSOniC SenSOrS; E represents the obstacle; Then the EF expression from E to the horizontal PIane distance, FG represents the ObStaele to the front Of a train PIane distance, AG expresses the ObStaCle to a VehiCIe Side distance ・ The request is EF, FG and AG these three Can express the ObStaCIe and the automobile SPatiaI relative POSitiOn tangential Path・ SOIUtiOn as follows： In DeIta ABC, makes BD AC, COnneCtS ED and FD, then may ask DeIta ABC area S DeIta ABC, namely: S Delta the ABC = in the formula, S= (Tl+T2+T3), Tl, T2, T3 SeParateIy express Iine Segment AB, BC, the AC Iength therefore BD=2S DeIta ABC/AC in DeIta ADE, DiStanCe SI, S2, S3 and known distance Tl, T2, T3 Can SUrVey WhiCh the radio frequency receiving and dispatching SyStem SeParateIy replace AE, BE, CE, AB, BC, AC, then may result in three WhiCh asks to be away from EF, FG, the AG VaIUe・4USeS related algorithm along With radio frequency in daily Iife WideSPread application, the PeOPIe gradually discovered the radio frequency range finder has the Certain flaw：(1) The USefUI effect is away from QUite short, Only depends On the enhancement emissive POWer to increase the SUrVey distance is Very limited; (2) The range finder PreCiSiOn mainly is decided by the echo SignaI SingIa to noise ratio, in the Certain SignaI to noise ratio SitUation, Only depends On before the increase the IeVeI to enlarge the electric CirCUit the gain to imp:TOVe the measuring accuracy also is must Ofterl Iilnited・ In Order to SOIVe the above problem, in the automobile COlIiSiOn avoidance system, has COnCeiVed based On the PSeUdO-COde modulation radio frequency IaUnCh and the receiving SyStem. The White noise SPUrt VaIUe ObeyS the GaUSSian CiiStribUtiOn (normal distribUtiOn)・ ItS POWer SPeCtraI density in the Very Wide frequency band is even, moreover the autocorrelation function has delta the function ShaPe ・The PSeUdO-random COde although OnIy has two IeVeIs, but actually has the SimiIar White noise the related CharaCteriStiCJ OnIy is its SCOPe PrObabiIity distribution no IOnger ObeyS the GaUSSian CliStribUtiOn. Therefore, may USe the PSeUdO-random SeqUenCe the balanced CharaCteriStiCJ the tourist itinerary CharaCteriStiC and the COrreIatiOn CharaCteriStiC and SO On describes the White noise・The PSeUdO-random COde is With the IOgiC OPeratiOn realization, the SignaI autocorrelation function SatiSfies: ObViOUsly, When P enough is big, the autocorrelation COeffiCient has the incisive two IeVeIS CharaCteriStiCJ approaches delta the function. In based On in the PSeUdO-random COde UItraSOniC ranging, is PreCiSeIy SUrVeyS between the IaUnCh COde and the receive COde time delay USing the PSeUdO-COde autocorrelation function incisive CharaCte:TiStic, thus enhancement measuring accuracy・ The m SeqUenCe PSeUdO-random COde is the CyCIiCaI IOngeSt One kind Of SeqUenCe WhiCh PrOdUCeS by the Iinearity Shift register・ BeCaUSe its related CharaCteriStiC is fine, also is advantageous for the PrOdUCtion, therefore Obtained the WideSPread application. AeCOrding to the COrreIatiOn function definition, SUPPOSeS two functions Of time is xl (t), x2(t), then is Called xl (t) autocorrelation function; IS Called xl (t)J x2 (t) CrOSS COrreIatiOn function; HaS two kind Of QUeStiOnS in the SignaI examination theory: A kind examines the SignaIJ namely the basis receives Whether there is the COmPOSite SignaI (does SignaI add noise Or PUre noise) makes the SignaI jurdgement: AnOther kind estimates the ParameterJ Whether there is namely in examined in the SignaI foundation, to the SignaI Certain ParameterS (for example OSCilIatiOn amplitude, PhaSeJ frequency, PUlSe amplitude modulation ParIn and SO On) Or the PrOfiIe makes the estimate・ In order to enhance the anti-jamming, needs to Seek Under the disturbance COnditiOn to the SignaI best receive method ・ The PeriOdiC SignaI COrreIatiOn function WaS StilI the PeriOdiC function, but disturbs the noise the COrreIatiOn function is delta the function. ACCOrding to these differences, may PiCk OUt USing the COrreIatiOn instrument IniXeS in the noise jamming the PeriOdiC Signa 1・In this kind Of USe time domain CharaCteriStiC difference examines the SignaI the met hod to be CalIed the COrreIatiOn recerive WayS・ IS different according to the reference signal, the COrreIatiOn recerive WayS divides into the autocorrelation recerive WayS and the mutual COrreIatiOn recerive WayS・ The autocorrelation recerive WayS is in is Unable to know for Certain the input PrOfiIe (Or data) in the SitUation, the USe auto-correlator to it WOrk autocorrelation function OPeration; The mutual COrrelatiOn recerive WayS is in may determine the reference SignaI in the SitUation, to inputs the PrOfiIe USing the COrreIatiOn instrument (Or data) makes the CrOSS COrreIatiOn function With the IOCaI SignaI the OPeration. In this design the reference SignaI is the IOCaI code, therefore USeS the mutual COrreIatiOn recerive WayS・ In radio frequency range measuring system, Whether there is not Only has to Carry On the examination to the echo signal, meanwhile must CarrieS On the PreCiSe SUrVey to the echo SignaI and the transmitting message time delay. ThiS Can accurately know the radio broadcast USeS the time, then figures OUt between the ObStaele and the VehiCIe distance・ ThiS article UtiIiZeS the advanced radio frequency technology and the StabIe reliable relatedalgorithm, enable the automobile to have StrOngly guards against hits the ability ・ The above SyStem design Plan in tested on the Car already to realize front, and Can SOlVe in the Certain degree throughout is PUZZIing the COrreIatiOn WOrker, S two key QUeStiOn WhiCh states, namely has already had the keener take a bearing ability and the StrOnger antijamming ability, Iike this Can enable the automobile to have StrOngly guards against hits the ability・ AIthOUgh so, because in the middle Of the automobile travel PrOCeSS is relating PerSOn, S safety, therefore its PerfOrmanCe also WaitS for further enhances, Strengthens the OVeralI SyStem the absolute security, then CarrieS On the PrOmOtiOn to it.基于nRF24E1与TMC2023的汽车防撞系统的研制与实现慕尼黑理工大学汽车工程系劳伦斯•费迪南德随着时代的发展及社会的进步,越来越多的汽车进入了普通人的家庭。

汽车防装报警系统设英文文献翻译

毕业设计附件材料学生姓名：***学号：******所在系部：电气与电子工程学院专业班级：自动化专业（03）班指导老师：***日期：2013年6月目录1 英文文献翻译 (3)1.1英文文献原文题目 (3)1.2中文翻译 (10)2 专业阅读书目 (14)2.1 《毫米波雷达及其应用(精)》 (14)1 英文文献翻译1.1英文文献原文题目Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News which according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accident's primary cause exercises after over speed , occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accident main manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growth, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical the loss. the expert indicated to the road service accident's analysis result, in occurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Mercedes-Benz Company's experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corresponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accidentpossibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning system's research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning system's principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, and proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning system's development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobile's around, in the automobile and the danger has in the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accident's occurrences. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stage's technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle and danger distanceto, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should a cousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of anti-collision early warning system's principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards' goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the identical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, again according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts thematrix, then figures out the dangerous time. radar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shade sound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the vehicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this system's application to a great extent.Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. Present primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference ability to detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the road before and after testing by the To turn restrictions.② millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Drive rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection sideTo the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Lei da Yun station control technology high. ③improvements in algorithmic research Study [18] - [20], if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interference. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of ChongqingAfter nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the "intelligent vehicle highway Active driving safety warning system ", Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close, so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TI' s digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU division of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy.From the twentieth century 80's, famous universities, research institutions And automobile manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transportCompanies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: ① According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year payThrough accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that people's health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; ② Research That, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% ~ 90% of rear-end accident; ③ security has beenThe focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; ④great market prospects of the system [21]. Through the various existing features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: ① in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; ② roads are not well detected corners dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; ③ radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problemLittle to do, and they system complexity, bulky, expensive; ④ laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness;⑤machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; ⑥ Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference ability, but the system's technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; ⑦ interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Development of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above,the following aspects should : ① to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; ②increased visual angle, Improve the monitoring range; ③ enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; ④ increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the driver's fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; ⑤ increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar, laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity,The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; ⑥ form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safetyDistance and time requirements of different security; ⑦industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards.Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make our journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻译随着汽车大量增加,路上车流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。

汽车电子毕设设计外文文献翻译(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)

Ultrasonic ranging system designPublication title: Sensor Review. Bradford: 1993.Vol.ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic ranging technology has wide using worth in many fields, such as the industrial locale, vehicle navigation and sonar engineering. Now it has been used in level measurement, self-guided autonomous vehicles, fieldwork robots automotive navigation, air and underwater target detection, identification, location and so on. So there is an important practicing meaning to learn the ranging theory and ways deeply. To improve the precision of the ultrasonic ranging system in hand, satisfy the request of the engineering personnel for the ranging precision, the bound and the usage, a portable ultrasonic ranging system based on the single chip processor was developed.Keywords: Ultrasound, Ranging System, Single Chip Processor1. IntroductiveWith the development of science and technology, the improvement of people’s standard of living, speeding up the development and construction of the city. Urban drainage system have greatly developed their situation is construction improving. However, due to historical reasons many unpredictable factors in the synthesis of her time, the city drainage system. In particular drainage system often lags behind urban construction. Therefore, there are often good building excavation has been building facilities to upgrade the drainage system phenomenon. It brought to the city sewage, and it is clear to the city sewage and drainage culvert in the sewage treatment system.Co mfort is very important to people’s lives. Mobile robots designed to clear the drainage culvert and the automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robots, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the core. Control system is the core component of the development of ultrasonic range finder. Therefore, it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range finder.2. A principle of ultrasonic distance measurementThe application of AT89C51:SCM is a major piece of computer components are integrated into the chip micro-computer. It is a multi-interface and counting on the micro-controller integration, and intelligence products are widely used in industrial automation. and MCS-51 microcontroller is a typical and representative.Microcontrollers are used in a multitude of commercial applications such as modems, motor-control systems, air conditioner control systems, automotive engine and among others. The high processing speed and enhanced peripheral set of these microcontrollers make them suitable for such high-speed event-based applications. However, these critical application domains also require that these microcontrollers are highly reliable. The high reliability and low market risks can be ensured by a robust testing process and a proper tools environment for the validation of these microcontrollers both at the component and at the system level. Intel Plaform Engineering department developed an object-oriented multi-threaded test environment for the validation of its AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers. The goals of this environment was not only to provide a robust testing environment for the AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers, but to develop an environment which can be easily extended and reused for the validation of several other future microcontrollers. The environment was developed in conjunction with Microsoft Foundation Classes(AT89C51).1.1 Features* Compatible with MCS-51 Products* 2Kbytes of Reprogrammable Flash MemoryEndurance: 1,000Write/Erase Cycles* 2.7V to 6V Operating Range* Fully Static operation: 0Hz to 24MHz* Two-level program memory lock* 128x8-bit internal RAM* 15programmable I/O lines* Two 16-bit timer/counters* Six interrupt sources*Programmable serial UART channel* Direct LED drive output* On-chip analog comparator* Low power idle and power down modes1.2 DescriptionThe AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2Kbytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89C2051 provides the following standard features: 2Kbytes of flash,128bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, a precision analog comparator, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C2051 is designed with static logicfor operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power down mode saves the RAM contents but freezer the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.1.3 Pin Configuration1.4 Pin DescriptionVCC Supply voltage.GND Ground.Prot 1Prot 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 to P1.7 provide internal pullups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external pullups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the positive input (AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip precision analog comparator. The port 1 output buffers can sink 20mA and can drive LED displays directly. When 1s are written to port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs. When pins P1.2 to P1.7 are used as input and are externally pulled low, they will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.Port 3Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7 are seven bidirectional I/O pins with internal pullups. P3.6 is hard-wired as an input to the output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a general purpose I/O pin. The port 3 output buffers can sink 20mA. When 1s are written to port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups.Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C2051 as listed below.1.5 Programming the FlashThe AT89C2051 is shipped with the 2 Kbytes of on-chip PEROM code memory array in the erased state (i.e., contents=FFH) and ready to be programmed. The code memory array is programmed one byte at a time. Once the array is programmed, to re-program any non-blank byte, the entire memory array needs to be erased electrically.Internal address counter: the AT89C2051 contains an internal PEROM address counter which is always reset to 000H on the rising edge of RST and is advanced applying a positive going pulse to pin XTAL1.Programming algorithm: to program the AT89C2051, the following sequence is recommended.1. power-up sequence:Apply power between VCC and GND pins Set RST and XTAL1 to GNDWith all other pins floating , wait for greater than 10 milliseconds2. Set pin RST to ‘H’ set pin P3.2 to ‘H’3. Apply the appropriate combination of ‘H’ or ‘L’ logic to pins P3.3, P3.4, P3.5,P3.7 to select one of the programming operations shown in the PEROM programming modes table.To program and Verify the Array:4. Apply data for code byte at location 000H to P1.0 to P1.7.5.Raise RST to 12V to enable programming.5. Pulse P3.2 once to program a byte in the PEROM array or the lock bits. The byte-write cycle is self-timed and typically takes 1.2ms.6. To verify the programmed data, lower RST from 12V to logic ‘H’ level and set pins P3.3 to P3.7 to the appropriate levels. Output data can be read at the port P1 pins.7. To program a byte at the next address location, pulse XTAL1 pin once to advance the internal address counter. Apply new data to the port P1 pins.8. Repeat steps 5 through 8, changing data and advancing the address counter for the entire 2 Kbytes array or until the end of the object file is reached.9. Power-off sequence: set XTAL1 to ‘L’ set RST to ‘L’Float all other I/O pins Turn VCC power off2.1 The principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generatorPiezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it’s two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it becomes the ultrasonic receiver.The traditional way to determine the moment of the echo’s arrival is based on thresholding the received signal with a fixed reference. The threshold is chosen well above the noise level, whereas the moment of arrival of an echo is defined as the first moment the echo signal surpasses that threshold. The intensity of an echo reflecting from an object strongly depends on the object’s nature, size and distance from the sensor. Further, the time interval from the echo’s starting point to the moment when it surpasses the threshold changes with the intensity of the echo. As a consequence, a considerable error may occur even two echoes with different intensities arriving exactly at the same time will surpass the threshold at different moments. The stronger one will surpass the threshold earlier than the weaker, so it will be considered as belonging to a nearer object.2.2 The principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiverimmediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m/s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier(s), that is: s=340t / 23. Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by single-chip microcomputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, single-chip selection of 875, economic-to-use, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming.3.1 40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launchRanging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensorsUCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, which by the single-chip implementation of the following procedures to generate.puzel: mov 14h, # 12h; ultrasonic firing continued 200msHere: cpl p1.0; output 40kHz square wavenop;nop;nop;djnz 14h, here;retRanging in front of single-chip termination circuit P1.0 input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the P1.0 port in a 40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port P1.1 and P1.2, the working principle and circuit in front of the same location.3.2 Reception and processing of ultrasonicUsed to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the op-amp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltage-controlled oscillator center frequency of f0=1/1.1R8C3, capacitor C4 determinetheir target bandwidth. R8-conditioning in the launch of the high jump 8 feet into a low-level, as interrupt request signals to the single-chip processing.Ranging in front of single-chip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port single-chip, while single-chip P1.3 and P1.4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interrupt priority level for the first left right after. Part of the source code is as follows:Receivel: push pswpush accclr ex1; related external interrupt 1jnb p1.1, right; P1.1 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuitjnb p1.2, left; P1.2 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routinereturn: SETB EX1; open external interrupt 1pop accpop pswretiright: …; right location entrance circuit interrupt service routineAjmp Returnleft: …; left ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routineAjmp Return3.3 The calculation of ultrasonic propagation timeWhen you start firing at the same time start the single-chip circuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receiver circuit output a negative jump in the end of INT0 or INT1 interrupt request generates a signal, single-chip microcomputer in response to external interrupt request, the implementation of the external interrupt service subroutine, read the time difference, calculating the distance. Some of its source code is as follows:RECEIVE0: PUSH PSWPUSH ACCCLR EX0; related external interrupt 0MOV R7, TH0; read the time valueMOV R6, TL0CLR CMOV A, R6SUBB A, #0BBH; calculate the time differenceMOV 31H, A; storage resultsMOV A, R7SUBB A, # 3CHMOV 30H, ASETB EX0; open external interrupt 0\POP ACCPOP PSWRETIFor a flat target, a distance measurement consists of two phases: a coarse measurement and a fine measurement:Step 1: Transmission of one pulse train to produce a simple ultrasonic wave.Step 2: Changing the gain of both echo amplifiers according to equation, until the echo is detected.Step 3: Detection of the amplitudes and zero-crossing times of both echoes.Step 4: Setting the gains of both echo amplifiers to normalize the output at, say 3 volts. Setting the period of the next pulses according to the: period of echoes. Setting the time window according to the data of step 2.Step 5: Sending two pulse trains to produce an interfered wave. Testing the zero-crossing times and amplitudes of the echoes. If phase inversion occurs in the echo, determine to otherwise calculate to by interpolation using the amplitudes near the trough. Derive t sub m1 and t sub m2.Step 6: Calculation of the distance y using equation.4、The ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to complete three of the rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of completion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.5、ConclusionsRequired measuring range of 30cm-200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is 0.5cm, and good reproducibility. Single-chip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection system.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistor amplifier circuit, because the magnification well, integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.6、Parking sensor6.1 Parking sensor introductionReversing radar, full name is "reversing the anti-collision radar, also known as" parking assist device, car parking or reversing the safety of assistive devices, ultrasonic sensors(commonly known as probes), controls and displays (or buzzer)and other components. To inform the driver around the obstacle to the sound or a moreintuitive display to lift the driver parking, reversing and start the vehicle around tovisit the distress caused by, and to help the driver to remove the vision deadends and blurred vision defects and improve driving safety.6.2 Reversing radar detection principleReversing radar, according to high-speed flight of the bats in thenight, not collided with any obstacle principles of design anddevelopment. Probe mounted on the rear bumper, according to different price and brand, the probe only ranging from two, three, four, six, eight,respectively, pipe around. The probe radiation, 45-degree angle up and downabout the search target. The greatest advantage is to explore lower than the bumper of the driver from the rear window is difficult to see obstacles, and the police, suchas flower beds, children playing in the squatting on the car.Display parking sensor installed in the rear view mirror, it constantlyremind drivers to car distance behindthe object distance to the dangerous distance, the buzzer starts singing, allow the driver to stop. When the gear lever linked into reverse gear, reversing radar, auto-start the work, the working range of 0.3 to 2.0 meters, so stop when the driver was very practical. Reversing radar is equivalent to an ultrasound probe for ultrasonic probe can be divided into two categories: First, Electrical, ultrasonic, the second is to use mechanical means to produce ultrasound, in view of the more commonly used piezoelectric ultrasonic generator, it has two power chips and a soundingboard, plus apulse signal when the poles, its frequency equal to the intrinsic oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric pressure chip will be resonant and drivenby the vibration of the sounding board, the mechanical energy into electrical signal, which became the ultrasonic probe works. In order to better study Ultrasonic and use up, people have to design and manufacture of ultrasonic sound, the ultrasonic probe tobe used in the use of car parking sensor. With this principle in a non-contactdetection technology for distance measurement is simple, convenient and rapid, easyto do real-time control, distance accuracy of practical industrial requirements. Parking sensor for ranging send out ultrasonic signal at a givenmoment, and shot in the face of the measured object back to the signal wave, reversing radar receiver to use statistics in the ultrasonic signal from the transmitter to receive echo signals calculate the propagation velocity in the medium, which can calculate the distance of the probe and to detect objects.6.3 Reversing radar functionality and performanceParking sensor can be divided into the LCD distance display, audible alarm, and azimuth directions, voice prompts, automatic probe detection function is complete, reversing radar distance, audible alarm, position-indicating function. A good performance reversing radar, its main properties include: (1) sensitivity, whether theresponse fast enough when there is an obstacle. (2) the existence of blind spots. (3) detection distance range.6.4 Each part of the roleReversing radar has the following effects: (1) ultrasonic sensor: used tolaunch and receive ultrasonic signals, ultrasonic sensors canmeasure distance. (2) host: after the launch of the sine wave pulse to the ultrasonic sensors, and process the received signal, to calculate the distance value, the data and monitor communication. (3) display or abuzzer: the receivinghost from the data, and display the distance value and provide differentlevels according to the distance from the alarm sound.6.5 Cautions1, the installation height: general ground: car before the installation of 45 ~55: 50 ~ 65cmcar after installation. 2, regular cleaningof the probe to prevent the fill. 3, do not use the hardstuff the probe surface cover will produce false positives or ranging allowed toprobe surface coverage, such as mud. 4, winter to avoid freezing. 5, 6 / 8 probe reversing radar before and after the probe is not free to swap may cause the ChangMing false positive problem. 6, note that the probe mounting orientation, in accordance with UP installation upward. 7, the probe is not recommended to install sheetmetal, sheet metal vibration will cause the probe resonance, resulting in false positives.超声测距系统设计原文出处：传感器文摘布拉福德：1993年超声测距技术在工业现场、车辆导航、水声工程等领域具有广泛的应用价值，目前已应用于物位测量、机器人自动导航以及空气中与水下的目标探测、识别、定位等场合。

(完整word版)外文翻译——基于单片机的红外防盗报警系统设计

外文原文Based on infrared alarm technology security systems1 the introduction1.1 the research significance of this topic research situation at home and abroad .With the development of society and science and technology unceasing development, people's living standards been improved greatly, and to the private property protection means in the unceasing enhancement, the intelligent facilities for anti-theft puts forward new requirements. This design is to meet the need of modern residential anti-theft designed family electronic alarm system. It in previous devices based on improved greatly, because use the single-chip processor signal, not only can used for single residential area, also can be used in a large-scale residential security systems. It's the job of the performance is good, do not appear to report and misstatement phenomenon, safe and reliable.In our country, the present market condition alarm basically has triggered alarm system pressure switch electron and alarm system and pressure shading triggered alarm system, etc. Various kinds of alarm, but this several common alarm there are some shortcomings. This system USES a human pyroelectric infrared sensor in the human body detector in the flied, passive pyroelectric infrared detectors because of its low cost, easy fabrication, low cost, installation is more convenient, anti-theft performance is stable and high sensitivity, safe and reliable, has attracted broad family characteristics such as popular with the customers. And alarms installation concealment, not easily by rogue found.1.2 infrared alarm technology introduction1.2.1 nature objects of the infrared radiationThe nature of any object, as long as the temperature above absolute zero (273 ℃), constantly outward issued infrared radiation, and travel at the speed of light energy. Object radiate outward infrared radiation of energy and the object of temperature and infrared radiant wavelength. Assuming objects launching infrared radiation of peak wavelength for a few, its temperature for T, the radiation energy equals infrared radiation of peak wavelength gerben and object product temperature T. This product is a constant, namely:The higher the temperature of the objects, emit infrared radiation of the smaller peak wavelength, send out infrared radiation energy is bigger also.1.2.2.pyroelectric effectPassive infrared detector also called pyroelectric infrared detector, its main working principle is pyroelectric effect. Pyroelectric effect means if make some strong dielectric material (such as qin batio3, qin wrong acid lead P (zT), etc.) of thesurface temperature changes, then with the temperature rise or fall, material surface occurs polarization, namely on the surface of the charge will be produced change, and material surface charge lost balance and eventually charge will change withvoltage or current form output.1.2.3 pyroelectric infrared sensor basic structurePyroelectric infrared sensors from sensor detection yuan, interference filters and mosfet verifier three parts. According to the number of detecting yuan to points, pyroelectric infrared sensors have unit, double yuanhe four yuan to wait for a few kinds, for human detection of infrared sensor adopts double yuan or four yuan type structure. According to pyroelectric infrared sensor utility cent, have the following kinds: used for measuring temperature sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of (1-20) nano, Used for flame detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength for0.435 + / - 0.15 nano, For human detection sensor, it's the job of the wavelength of 7 to 15 feet. Figure 1.2 is a double detection yuan pyroelectric infrared sensor structure schematic drawing. The sensor will two opposite polarity, special1.2.4 pyroelectric infrared detector basic principlePyroelectric infrared sensor by receiving mobile human radiation that certain wavelengths of infrared radiation, can be transformed into and human body movement speed and distance, the direction of low-frequency signals about. When pyroelectric infrared sensor by ir radiation sources of radiation, its internal sensitive materials temperatures will rise, polarization intensity is abate, surface charge reduce, usually will release this part of the charge called pyroelectric charge. Because of pyroelectric charge how many can reflect material changes of temperature, so by pyroelectric charge by circuit transformed into the output voltage can also reflect material changes in temperature, thus detect ir radiation energy changes.2 hardware system design2.1 infrared anti-theft alarm system hardware designBecause this design focuses on family guard against theft, real-time monitoring of a narrower range, so this design by simply using a passive infrared detector is enough.Therefore, infrared intelligent anti-theft alarm system, and the specific design requirements for:(1)completes to high sensitive infrared sensor design, make its can warning of what happened real-time and accurate detection.(2) automatic alarm (automatic dial-up alarm audible and visual alarm). We design the system must have the following function module:1.passive infrared detector,2.sound-light alarm,3.telephone automatic dial-up function;4.continued uninterrupted power supply,According to the system to complete functions, we adopt single chip microcomputer as the core of the system unit, electronic detection, intelligent control and telephone tong2.2 telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit designIn order to simplify the whole system design process, we do not adopt MT880 chip dialing. Realization process is as follows:First in telephone storage inside put on domestic host cell phone numberor alarm call 110. From MCU pins p2.0 and p2.1 drawn two wiring connect relays, a pick telephone keyboard MianDiJian, another connect telephone keyboard keys, automatic weighing dial because the phone keypad scanning is similar microcontroller keypad scanning, so can make SCM give fitst p2.0 a signal, lets telephone h-f, then give the p2.1 a signal, let relay connected, automatic weighing dial the key a potential, let telephone automatic dial-up, so they could finish the system alarm function.2.3 system working principleThe whole system hardware part mainly includes six parts: MCU module; Infrared detector, Acousto-optic alarm circuit; Telephone automatic dial-up alarm circuit; Power supply circuit, Working state instructions circuit. Its system working principle for: the sensors will be detected signals to lead signal processor processing, microcontroller judgment to P1.0 mouth have pulse falling edge jumping signal immediately transferred to the acousto-optic alarm program, at this moment, the red light buzzer alarm rapid flashes, lasted 30s. In the 30s inside if someone press the switch, then eliminate alarm remove alarm. if this time no one remove alarm, the proof nobody at home in 30s system will automatically triggers telephone finish the whole system of police work project. Later, microcontroller will continue to cycle back ? sentenced2.4 system total diagramIn proteus simulation system, the system circuit by crystals circuit, sound-light alarm circuit composed. Among them, we use connect the dedication of the P1.0 simulated infrared sensors, requirement when switch when pressed by the high jump, level is low, the equivalent of, sensor detects the state of man, the telephone line with P2.0 and P2.1 derivation, here without simulation telephone circuit diagram.Figure 3.53 software system design3.1 control module design programMicrocomputer in the initial plus electric, voltage is not steady state, causing instability, at this time the SCM in commonly after power up to system with a piece of delay. Time-lapse after detecting P1 mouth microcontroller state, detection level signal whether mutations, if is then calls the police processing procedure, including automatic dialup audible and visual alarm procedures, if no changes, ChuXiang level detection continues to P1 mouth state.Figure 4.1 main program flowchart3.2 system development adopted by the programming and commissioning of the platformThis system language using assembly language preparation, so choose wave6000, he has the microcontroller program edit, compile and debugging, etc., and generate hexadecimal. Files, through: machine TOPWIN burning software writeable microcontroller program memory. The simulation software use Proteus, he is from Britain Labcenter electronics company EDA software. The circuit of the simulation is interactive, aiming at the microprocessor application, still can directly based on schematic diagram of the virtual prototype programming, and implementing software source code level of real-time debugging, if have display and output, still can see after the operation of input and output effect.4 system debugging and test4.1 software debuggingAdopt modularization program design thought, fitst debugging subroutines, then gradually superposition debugging, through Proteus simulation software debugging, proof program can realize its function.4.2 system debuggingThrough the circuit of welding, each module function commissioning. I put the hardware that occur errors adjusted, in addition, infrared that piece, because is employing redirected of pyroelectric switch modified, so in must be taping photoconductive resistance to rise, has arrived in the days and nights can alarm function. The total system commissioning, through, error meets the requirement.5 closingThis system uses a pyroelectric infrared sensor, its make simple low cost and installation are more convenient and anti-theft performance is stable and strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity, safe and reliable.外文翻译基于红外报警技术的防盗系统1 绪论1.1 本课题的研究现状及研究意义随着社会的不断进步和科学技术不断发展，人们生活水平得到很大的提高，对私有财产的保护手段在不断的增强，对防盗设施的智能化提出了新的要求。

外文翻译--基于51单片机温度报警器的设计(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)

外文翻译--基于51单片机温度报警器的设计(适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照)XXX: Design of a Temperature Alarm Based on 51 MCUDepartment: n EngineeringMajor: Measurement and Control Technology and nClass:Student ID:Name:Supervisor:Date:A microcontroller。

also known as a single-chip computer system。

XXX its ns being integrated on a small chip。

it has most of the components needed for a complete computer system。

such as CPU。

memory。

internal and external bus systems。

and mostof them also have external storage。

At the same time。

it integrates XXX interfaces。

timers。

real-time clocks。

etc。

The most XXX integrate sound。

image。

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and complex input-output systems on a single chip.XXX used in the industrial control field。

Microcontrollers XXX CPUs inside the chip。

The original design concept was to integrate a large number of peripheral devices and CPUs on a chip to make the computer system XXX's Z80 was the first processor designed according to this concept。

汽车防盗报警器外文文献翻译中英文

外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)译文字数：3297字文献出处：SF Marseken. Automobile burglar alarm[J] Betascript Publishing, 2016,vol.1,no.3:10-21英文原文Automobile burglar alarmSF MarsekenThe automobile is the present humanity's main transportation vehicle, is also the modern civilization symbol. The world the automobile sales volume reaches more than 6000 ten thousand every year, the inventory has surpassed 400,000,000. Is using the vehicles are more, but the following traffic accident and the automobile which robbed are been also getting more and more, has created the personnel casualty and the economical property loss. The people set a higher request to motor vehicle's operational performance and the security performance. The auto safety becomes an important social question. In order to reduce motor vehicle accident's formation rate, for has automobile's user to provide the security sense, develops one kind simply reliable, the ease of operation, can automatic detection automobile various part of conditions, discover that the normal condition can send out the warning reminder and thesecurity warning safety system to the pilot, has the actual design significance.The car alarm is a device that is installed in the car to increase the difficulty of car theft and prolong the period of car theft. With the advancement of science and technology, in order to deal with the escalating methods of car theft, people have developed anti-theft devices of various methods and structures from generation to generation. Currently, anti-theft devices can be divided into three categories according to their structure: mechanical, electronic and Network type. Hook locks, steering wheel locks and shift locks are basically mechanical anti-theft devices. They mainly rely on locking clutches, brakes, throttles, or steering wheels and shift gears to achieve the purpose of anti-theft. However, only anti-theft alarms are not provided.Insert-type, button-type and remote control are all electronic anti-theft devices. It mainly aims to prevent theft by locking the ignition or starting. It also has anti-theft and sound alarm functions.GPS satellite positioning car alarm system is a network-based anti-theft device, it is mainly to lock the ignition or start to achieve the purpose of theft, but also through the GPS satellite positioning system (or other network system), the alarm information and alarm vehicle location Silently transmitted to the alarm center.Characteristics of remote-controlled car alarms Remote-controlledcar alarms are developed with the advancement of electronic technology and are the most widely popularized in the market. It is characterized by remote control of the entire function of the alarm, reliable and convenient, with vibration detection, gate protection and microwave or infrared probes and other functions. As the demand for anti-theft devices in the market continues to increase, remote control car alarms have also added many convenient functions, such as remote control central locks, remote air heaters, remote control electric doors and windows, and remote control of open luggage compartments.The value of automobiles is very high. As the number of automobiles continues to increase, automobiles have become the target of thefts by theft victims. Theft of automobiles has also become a major concern in today's society and is an urgent problem to be solved. At present, a variety of car anti-theft methods and products are constantly being updated. Although anti-theft mechanical locks have been installed on the doors and vehicle engines, the robbers can use the master key to open the doors without driving the car. Therefore, the car theft prevention problem is still not completely resolved. Today's car theft in society has the following ways:First, mechanical security, the main principle is to use a lock to lock a part of the car, so that it can not play its due role. There are several kinds of theft prevention methods as follows: transmission gear locks,steering wheel locks, brake pedal locks, and clutch pedal locks. The corresponding trouble is that mechanical locks are large in size, and the owner must carry a key with him at the same time. And there are many ways to crack it. Since the core is a lock in the end, it is hard to stop at the door. It is even more difficult to avoid large-scale car thefts such as hydraulic shears; losing the keys if they are not careful, etc. is also one of the possibilities for car theft.The second is electronic security. This is the most commonly used anti-theft measure in the current automotive market. When the anti-theft system is activated, the ignition coil and the fuel supply circuit can be cut off. Only when the unlocking key is under control can the alarm be released. There are a wide variety of such anti-theft products. Most domestic and foreign cars have been equipped with a key chip anti-piracy system when they leave the factory. This is to use the chip's transmitting radio in the key to connect with the ECU of the car and start the car engine. In addition to the sound and light alarm system, a light emitting diode (LED) is installed on the dashboard of the car to allow the owner to know the working status of the system, and it can also exert mental pressure on the car thieves in the car. When the car vibrates due to an external force or the door, back cover, and front cover are forcibly opened, the system will sound an alarm to deter car thief. There is also a two-way alarm system, which is more than the general light and sound alarmsystem can notify the owner of the function, when the car is affected by the outside world, people in the vicinity of the owner can be through the car with a LCD key to know the car Current state.The third is a network type anti-theft system, which mainly relies on social public networks to monitor the movement of vehicles. There are two kinds. One is the GPS satellite positioning anti-theft system. This system uses GPS satellite positioning to determine the vehicle position, and then transmits the position and alarm information to the alarm center through the GSM network. The alarm center controls the power off and fuel off of the car through the GSM network. The disadvantage of this kind of system is that the price is relatively high; moreover, it needs to pay for the service frequently; the power of the system is also relatively large; privacy will be affected; if the vehicle is left unused for a long time, the level of electricity will be lost. And cars parked underground, under big trees, building rafts, and indoor systems would not work. 2 is GSM, GPRS mobile anti-theft device, GSM mobile anti-theft device relies on GSM communication network, intelligent anti-theft linkage of mobile phones and cars, it has anti-theft, monitoring, remote control, remote alarm, positioning and anti-robbery and other functions. A very effective means of safeguarding public security and protecting the interests of car owners. Compared with similar products, the system also has multiple features such as concealed installation, advanced technology and reliableperformance. It has the advantage of not having to build base stations and the alarm is not limited by distance. The disadvantage is that it requires monthly fees for GSM numbers because it depends on the coverage of the GSN network. The thieves' method is also to use the jammer of the mobile phone signal, cut off the connection between the vehicle and the alarm center, and make the anti-theft system invalid.The fourth is the biometric anti-theft system, which uses the human body feature as the only unlocking key to lock the car engine into theft protection mode. Specific products include the owner's fingerprint activation controller and vein scan controller. It takes advantage of the sufficient information carried by human fingerprints and the feature that each person's fingerprint coincidence rate is almost zero. The owner's fingerprint information is stored in the memory of the system in advance, and the car can be started after verifying the identity through the fingerprint comparison, even if the car theft. Thieves who steal all the car keys will be helpless. However, its disadvantage is that it takes more than 2 seconds for the fingerprint to be compared before starting the car. If the thief cannot get your fingerprints, he will not be able to steal your car. However, in fact, the thieves steal the keys of the owner may not be able to crack all the anti-theft measures. When the biometric anti-theft, only the fingerprint car alarm can protect your car in the true sense.At present, GPS satellite positioning systems on the market arealready the most advanced anti-theft devices at home and abroad. The GPS system has vehicle positioning, anti-robbery alarm, network security, remote control to make it turn off, vehicle interior monitoring, rescue after anchoring, traffic information inquiry, electronic Dog navigation has been a lot of features such as vehicle information query. The GPS satellite positioning system is a network-based anti-theft device. It mainly relies on locking the ignition and starting to achieve the purpose of theft prevention. At the same time, the GPS satellite positioning system can transmit the alarm information to the alarm center along with the location of the alarm vehicle. However, experts also reminded that the name of this anti-theft technology sounds very loud, although there is a certain anti-theft effect, but it is not very practical to use, and the price is expensive, the actual effect is not great, satellite tracking anti-theft is mainly a return on automotive equipment The location of the vehicle is displayed via a satellite screen. Therefore, according to the installation of a tracking system in a stolen vehicle, the transmission system is destroyed, that is, the power supply is cut off, making it impossible for the satellite to track the position of the vehicle and lose the anti-theft effect. Such a system is very expensive. It costs 6000-7000 yuan to install a GPS without a display screen. It also pays a service fee of nearly a thousand yuan each year to a GPS system service company. Expensive purchase fees and usage fees make many owners discouraged. Economic efficiencyis not optimistic. Electrical alarm came into being. The electronic alarm system is based on the original central door lock, and an anti-piracy system control circuit has been added to control the movement of the car. At the same time, the electronic alarm is also an ideal alarm device. If there is a theft intention of theft, the anti-theft system will not only cut off the start circuit, ignition circuit, oil circuit, fuel circuit and transmission circuit, brake lock function, but also send a different sound and light distress signal to alarm , to mentally attack car theft to stop the car theft process.Since the world's first T-type Ford sedan was stolen, car-trafficking has become one of the most common crimes in big cities. The number of cars has increased, and the number of stolen vehicles has also increased year by year. As a result, social unrest has become larger and larger. They are worried that their cars are stolen. With the popularity of convertible cars, the lock on the car door is no longer the most solid. The concept of car door locks has gradually faded, and as a result, the car anti-theft system has emerged. The types of electronic anti-theft systems currently on the market are very large, and can be purchased for 300-400 yuan. Most of the new cars on the market today are equipped with original factory-built anti-theft devices. Some vehicles have anti-theft chips on their keys. They can randomly change their unlocking codes so that thieves cannot unlock them through high-tech methods, and such keys arelost. Only with the registration of vehicle users to the original manufacturer and a set of car keys. According to the latest automotive technical data, some vehicles have begun to replace the key with an invisible IC card. If the vehicle owner is within 3-5 meters of the vehicle, the car alarm will be automatically released. When the owner sits in the car, the ignition switch is pressed. The vehicle will start. The owner will automatically lock the door 5 meters away from the car. The anti-theft system will not be foolproof. Many cars nowadays have installed a computer anti-theft system for vehicles before they enter the market. When the data of the key chip and the data saved on the on-board computer are in agreement, the computer starts to work on the relevant system and allows the engine to start. Cars with on-board computer systems no longer need to install electronic anti-theft devices. If it is repeatedly installed, it may easily conflict with the originally installed computer anti-theft system; if it is necessary to install an electronic anti-theft device again, it is necessary to pay attention to separation from the ignition system, or it will make the engine unable to start and a series of other failures. If there is a failure, the owner cannot dismantle it himself. Use a professional device to clear the fault code and contact failure in a professional service shop.中文译文汽车防盗报警器SF Marseken目前汽车是人类最为主要的交通工具, 也是现代文明的标志。

基于单片机的防盗报警器的设计(英文翻译)

本科生毕业设计（翻译）Multifunctional Intelligent Wireless AlarmSystemAbstract:Making use of rich inner resource of FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays), a wireless alarm sending system is designed. It includes encoder, FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) modulat ion and every channel’s control circuits, which can decrease volume and increase reliability of the alarm system.The demodulation of receive system is realized by an application specific integrated circuits MC3372. With the help of a single-chip microcomputer 89C51, the address decoder is also designed in the receiver. Adding to other anti-interference,the alarming system has effectively decreased the error-alarm rate.The system can install up to 128 channel sending devices. It can send an alarm to the host when there are some cases in stand-off areas, and the system will display on rotation multiple cases’ area codes . The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones. User can install more than one type sensors simultaneously, for example, smog sensor, combustible gas sensor or burglar sensor. Experiments show that the wireless alarm system has the strengths of high reliability, high anti-disturbance ability and low error-alarm rate. It can entirely meet the needs of alarm fireproofing and guard against theft, etc.Keywords: communication; Alarm systems; Frequency Shift Keying; Micro-controllers; Field Programmable Gate ArraysI.INTRODUCTIONCompared with a wired alert system, a wireless alarm system has characteristics of covertness and ease of installation. It is especially effective when transmitting between long distances in a complex landform situation. Made up of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate-Array), the encoding module in the sending system creates the address signal, FSK (frequency shift keying) modulates the signal and each channel’s controller signals. Using FPGA to replace MSI/SSI (Middle Scale Integrated or Small scale Integrated) digital circuit devices, not only increase the reliability and the resistance to interference of the alarm system, but it also decreases its volume and makes the system easier to install. Since used 7 bits binary number to express the address, up to 128 channels sender can be installed. The decoder consists of ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and SCM in the wireless alarm receiver system, which can effectively decrease the error-alarm rate.II.THE SENDING SYSTEM PRINCIPLEEach stand-off is equipped with a wireless sending system,and corresponds with a 7 bits address identifier in binary. Once a case is detected by a sensor in any stand-off, a control signal of this area is sent to its encoding circuit via interface circuit, which converts the area’s 7bit address identifier into FSK signal. Then FSK signal is transmitted into a frequency modulation circuit for frequency modulating. After power amplification, the frequency modulation electromagnetic wave is emitted via antenna. Onecharacteristic of the sending system is discontinuous sending. In other words, the sending system does not send signals when there is no case, and do keep sending when there is an alarm situation, so as to provide chances to send signals for other stand-off areas.A.The Encoding and Controlling Circuit ConfigurationThe digital circuit part of the encoding circuit is made by a FPGA chip which includes 8 modules.Formed by D triggers, module ‘dff1’ is the interface between detector and encoder. Module ‘oscillator’ combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a controllable low frequency multivibrator. Its control signal is the output of ‘dff1’---Q1. It does not vibrate when Q1is equal to 0, and if Q1is equal to 1, it vibrates to generate low frequency square waves. If some cases appear in the area, the oscillator controls the mo dule ‘SENDER’ to send electromagnetic wave discontinuously. The module ‘circular_shift_r’ is a parallel input serial output circular shift register. The bit A0～A7 are the parallel address code input terminals, which are joined to high or low voltage level according to the encoder requirement. Q8 is the serial output terminal of the address code. Module ‘dff2’ is a control circuit that is made of some JK triggers. Its setup signal is Q1, which also acts as a trigger signal after delay. Q2 acts as the parallel-in-serial-out control terminal of the‘circular_shift_r’ module. When Q2 is at high voltage level,circular_shift_r’ performs parallel input. When Q2 is at low voltage level, ‘circular_shift_r’ executes serial output. The module ‘delay1’ is a delay circuit composed of D triggers.The module ‘division’ is a frequency division that creates three different routes frequency output signals, two of which branches and act as FSK modulating signals: f1 and f2. The other branch acts as a triggering pulse for modules dff1 and delay1, and alsoacts as the clock pulse of ‘circular_shift_r’for performing serial-out. The module ‘MUX’ is a 2 to 1multiplexer. Its control signal is the output Q8 of‘circular_shift_r’. When Q8＝0, ‘MUX’ produces the signal f2, and when Q8＝1, it exports f1. The module ‘delay2’combines with some external resistors and capacitors to form a delay circuit. Its function is to give workers some time to leave after installing the system. The sending circuit does no work within the delay time, no matter whether K1(detector) is on or off. This is the external connection drawing of the FPGA chip.B. The Working PrincipleAs shown following, the working principle of the alarm system is as follows: when the power of the sending system turns on, the input of the ‘dff1’ is at low level. Then its output terminal Q1 is at logic value ‘0’, NQ1 is at logic ‘1’, and a external light-emitting diode (LED) is lit to indicate the power is on. The signal Q1 is sent to the setting terminal of ‘dff2’ to set terminal Q2 at high level. The high level Q2 will set ‘circular_shift_r’ into the parallel input address code mode. At this time, the outer transistor N2 is at saturation state and N3 at cut-off state. This makes the sending circuit at a passive state, therefore, the circuit will not work. Hence, the circuit does not emit carrier wave if there is no case, and it is at low consumable power state.Once some cases appear, the switch K1 is on. The terminal D of the ‘dff1’ turns to high level immediately, and the output Q1of ‘dff1’ is set to high level at the rising edge of the clock pulse. It makes the setting terminal s of ‘dff2’ at high level too. The ‘dff2’ now is at normal working state. After delaying by module ‘delay1’, the former edge of the Q1 pulse will trigger ‘dff2’ to output low voltage, which will make the transistor N2 off, N3 on, and the delay’s normally open contact will be closed. The electric power supply to the sending circuit is on, and the circuit begins to work normally.Simultaneously, if Q2 is at logi c 0, ‘circular_shift_r’ will be change to serial shift state and export address signals. When the address code is 0, the output of ‘MUX’ will be f2. And when the address code is 1, the output will be f1. Terminals f2 and f1 act as the modulation signal for modulating the carrier wave. In this way, the address code is sent out at the first cycle of the low frequency oscillator. At the second cycle it stops sending in order to give other stand-off a period of time to send. After the third cycle, repeat the procedure above.From the discussion above, we have the conclusion that the encoding and control circuit have the function to display when the power is on, time delay for human to leave the spot, low power cost mode for waiting case, discontinuity sending and FSK modulating etc. It is more flexible and has more functions than many encoder ASIC.III.THE CONFIGURATION AND PRINCIPLE OF THE RECEIVING SYSTEMSet in guardhouse, a set of wireless receiver takes charge of monitoring all stand-off areas. The principle of the wireless receiver is show following. Passing by the low pass filter, the received modulation signal is sent into the high frequency common-emitter and common-base configuration cascade amplifier for amplifying. Then the signal is sent to the intermediate frequency modulation amplifier via the dual tuning circuit, i.e. sent into the input terminal (16th pin) of an ASIC chip (MC3372) to do mixing. The oscillate frequency of the local oscillator circuit is 455KHz higher than the received signal. Delivering to the first pin of the chip MC3372, the signal will mix with the external signal to get 455KHz intermediate frequency signal. After filtering, the intermediate frequency signal is first delivered to the 8th MC3372 pin to do frequency detection, and second amplified by an inner lowfrequency amplifier of the chip MC3372, then the 9th pin exports the baseband signal. Amplified by a low frequency single transistor, the baseband signal is rectified by two steps Schmitt gates (CD4584) to turn into a FSK signal, which will be sent into pin 3.0 of MCS to be decoded.MCS in this system is chip 89C51, which joins an outer 12MHZ crystal oscillator. Its timer T1 act as a baud rate generator in mode 2, and SMOD=1,300 baud/sec. serial port is selected in mode 1, which means an asynchronous communication mode, 10 bit per frame in which the lower 7 bits of the 8 data bit is the address code, and the 8th acts as the parity check bit. The system uses even check.When receiving an address code, the MCS firstly performs parity check. If it is correct ,then ,the MCS compare their value and takes out 7 bits address code and stores it into data buffer in memory. These procedures repeat 3 times in order to identify the 3 address codes. If the 3 address codes are the same, the MCS will confirm that the receiving address signal is an effective alarm signal, that is to say, the address code is not a noise signal. It then triggers the alarm circuit to send the alarm sound. At the same time, the code number will display on the LED indicating which stand-off triggered the alarm.The LED uses a dynamic scan display method. If there are more than one stand-off areas have cases simultaneously, the MCS will display their code number in turn at 3 seconds intervals. The alarm audio process circuit uses a NE556 dual time base circuit chip to form a dual audio frequency multivibrator, which will give off a ringing alarm sound. System could configure sensors use for alarm of fire,combustible gas and theft.IV.ANTI-INTERFERENCE MEASUREIt is important to heighten the anti-interference ability for wirelesscommunications. anti-disturbance measures takes form in the hardware. For example, one should reasonably arrange the PCB (printed circuit board)，increase power decoupling, and place the high and low frequency filter reasonably. Since the receiver system includes high frequency circuits, separate the analogue circuit and digital circuit chip, and make each have its own ground. To guard against external and internal interference or high frequency radiation, put the high frequency amplifier and middle frequency amplifier channels in a metallic shield box and the MCS system into another metallic shield casket. Adopt FSK modulation, double tuning select frequency and ASIC demodulation. All of these measures can effectively decrease interference to the system. For software, use the modular structure to design the software system. Continuously distinguishing address code several times and by parity check can dramatically reduce the error-alarming rate of the system.V.THE ENDINGThe design of software and hardware in this alarm system is reasonable. Its reliability is observably increased, and the error alarm rate is decreased. Experiments show that the error alarm rate is nearly zero when disconnecting the detector. The transmission distance is greater than 4Km in open zones When connecting microwave dual discriminating theft-proof detector （DT-400 Family）, the error alarm rate is less than 4 times every 1000 hours. Since working in the discontinuously sending method at 300baud/s, the alarm system can work reliably as long as the time gap between two sending systems is less than 0.2sec. In fact, it can meet the need in actual applications.Intelligent Residential Security Alarm and Remote Control System Based On Single Chip ComputerAbstract：For to steals, robs and so on accidents to carry on the effective monitor and the warning, unified using the MCU AT89C51 controlling technology and the infrared detection technology, one kind of wireless burglar alarm has been designed, it including hardware and software two parts; The hardware part is composed by the infrared sensor, send and receive module ,MCU, acousto-optic warning and so on; The software part is composed of the main program and music subroutine. With C or the assembly language compilation source program, carries on the translation and the debugging in the Keilc51 platform, after downloads to the MCU AT89C51 chip, and this MCU and other primary devices welding on the PCB board according to design a circuit. On electricity, closed-cycle control switch, when some people intrude in the infrared launch area, has the acousto-optic warning, indicated that has achieved the design requirements.This paper presents intelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage remote automatic sound alarm and remote control system, which is based on 89C51 single chip computer. The system can be automatic alarm, automatic calling the police hotline number. It can be used voice alarm and show alarm occurred address. It can set up and modify user password. It can be recordable and voice suggestion. It can be used telephone remote control electrical power. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function,low cost, high reliability and so on.Along with time unceasing progress, the people located the environment security to oneself to propose a higher request, it was living at the security aspect particularly, it must pay attention these unexpected visitors frequently. Now many plots have installed the intelligence alarm system, thus enhanced the plot safety rate greatly, because infrared is a black light, uses the wireless launch and the receive, does not need the independent wiring,it has the very strong confidentiality and the secrecy, thus in security, security installments and so on security the use should have the very big superiority.Keywords- Infrared sensor; Launch; Receive; MCU(Micro Controller Unit); WarningI.INTRODUCTIONWith the computer technology and control technology and communicational technology’s development, people’s living standard has improved increasingly. People's living conditions have changed, Such as the living environment’s security and how comfortable they feel. So the intelligent residential building’s automatic emerge as the times require. Intelligent residential must have safety precautions, anti-theft alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and emergency call. It is able to implement remote control for the key equipment power. In recent years, with the progress of technology and economy, the electronic anti-theft alarm system has rapid development and a very wide application. Now it does not only apply in many important government departments, but also apply in the family.In-depth study on various alarm device, we have designed intelligent residential security alarm and remote control system on the basis of single chip computer. The system is based on 89C51 single chip computer, hasintelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency call alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and remote control. It is able to call the police hotline number. It is able to use voice alarm and show alarm occurred address. Users can set up and modify password for it. It can be recordable and voice suggestion and make use of the telephone to remote control. Calling when is not at home, it can use password to enter remote deployment and remote control the power of electronic appliance.The system makes use of communication equipment to realize multi-channel detection, scene alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm and toxic gas leakage automatic alarm. It realizes remote voice alarm function through the automatic dial-up telephone. It directly parallels on the telephone lines, then may be used. Before used, user will be required to install the detection device in place where being watched by people. It must be set up alarm telephone number, recorded voice alarm. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function, low cost, high reliability and so on.II.SYSTEM COMPONENTIntelligent residential security alarm and remote control system constitutes as shown following. The system is through telephone interface circuit and telephone network to link up. 89C51 single chip computer dominates by MT8880 Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) codec with the telephone network to exchange information. When the detection of dangerous situations, the dangerous situation coded signal transfer from the corresponding detection module through the antenna to master chip. The master chip brings the corresponding alarm information according to received signal. This part is to complete by the voice interface circuit, which uses ISD1420. After users call the number of system, users can control appliances according to sound by the voice interface circuit.The system components are made up of detecting circuit, wireless transmitter-receiver circuit, telephone interface, voice circuit, DTMF codec circuit, telephone signal detection circuit and the main control circuit. Each module is described as follows:A.Detecting CircuitThe part circuit is as the detection part of the whole system, used to detect theft case, fire, toxic gas leakage and emergency call signals. Theftproof detection is to complete through pyroelectric infrared sensor. Sensors are installed on the balcony, windows and other place where thieves are easy to enter. The part circuit is at the ready state under normal circumstance. Sensors catch theft information when someone enters the scope of the surveillance. Then, wireless module will send the information to the 89C51 single chip computer. The detection of fire and toxic gas is to complete by the corresponding detection sensors, emergency call signal is sent from user hand-hold remote control.B.Wireless Transmitter-receiver CircuitThe transmitting and receiving circuit of the part makes use of CMOS manufacturing process produced by a low cost PT2262/PT2272 wirelessremote control module. The operating frequency of it is 2 MHz and the communication distance of it is 100 meters above. Under normal circumstances, transmitting and receiving modules are in dormant status. The module is in non-dormant status when be in danger, then coded signal is transmitted. The receiving module has received high-frequency signal decode, generating interrupt signal at the same time.C.Telephone InterfaceHere shows telephone interface circuit. The phone lines normal is above 48V DC voltage and optocoupler is not conducting. When the phone lines are ringing signal which is 25±3V sine wave, Optocoupler is conducting, generating interrupted signal to the mainframe. The relay will be connected to J1,after mainframe detected ringing signal many times, then load resistor connected to a telephone line, that computer to simulate the extraction process. Since then, the system access DTMF signals from the TONE of coupled transformer, transmits voice signals from VOICE of coupled transformer. To disconnect the system, the system rings off.D.Voice CircuitThe voice circuit of system is used to generate alarm information and hint information. Using specialized voice integrated chip ISD1420, which provides 20 seconds recording time. Using subsection record, master audio recorder provides the starting address.E.DTMF Codec CircuitUsing MT8880 codec chips, to complete dial up function and decode passwords and control commands which are sent by users.F.Telephone Signal Detection CircuitThe telephone signal detection circuit uses pulse reshaping circuit design. The signal must be amplified by the signal amplifier circuit, then, to generate square wave signals to main control chip by comparator. Phone signals including dial tone, busy tone, call waiting tone, ring back tong, network busy tone relies on software to identify.G.The Main Control CircuitThe system adopt 89C51 chip as main control chip, the main controller call by detecting ring tone. Tone control circuits broadcast voice tone, to coordinate the competence of users who have complete remote control electrical appliances. On the other hand, Mainframe controls dial-up circuit given the preset number according to receiving alarm information.According to the alarm type of telephone sound, determine to call police or tell user the information. User may preset passwords, telephone number and record, and so on.III.SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGNSystem software is composed of main program, remote control subroutine, warning subroutine. In order for the system in idle time to enter a dormant mode, all the tasks are completed in interrupted service routine.A.Main program designHere shows main program flow chart. It mainly accomplishes initialize work, then the system enters a dormant mode. Whether there is password input or imported alarm. The results are processed accordingly. A method of determining whether to provide a user with access to the security system,enter a user password for verification by a program in a computing device. When valid user leaves, the main program waits for some time, automatically enters the maximum security state. The main program regular calls watchdog handling procedure, in order that the system is not normal reset.B.Remote Control ModulesWhen there is a ringing signal, remote control modules generate external interrupt. The number of the ring counts in interruption procedure, if the number is more than six times, the system hangs off, broadcasts hint tone to the telephone network. Then checking user passwords, if passwords are valid, user may control the work of electronic appliances. And the times of password input are limit. Check whether connection is overtime or not, hang up if it is overtime.C.Remote Alarm ModuleAn interrupt handler of remote alarm, also known as an interrupt service routine (ISR), is a callback subroutine in an operating system or device driver whose execution is triggered by the reception of an interrupt. When receiving module receives signals, main controller generates interruption, is out of dormant. Proceedings interrupted in this way shall continue from the point where they were interrupted, if making the interrupt trigger. For example, when the system withdraws from a defend position, the system ignores the security which has received alarm signals.After dialing has finished, we must judge by phone tone whether the call has been put through. If not, we want to repeat the dialing. We just hang up the telephone then repeat,otherwise, play alarm information to the other. The function is to complete by signal tone detection routine. System must identifysignal tone, in order to identify the signal tone, we must know the characteristic of signal tone.IV.THE SYSTEM TESTING SHOULD MEET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTa.Guard against theft and alarm system: Be able to dial preset telephone number and alarm telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened.b.Emergency alarm: Be able to dial preset telephone number and emergency telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened.c. Fire alarm and record hint: Be able to dial preset telephone number and fire alarm telephone number, tell people by phone tone where the accident has happened. And there is toxic gas leakage automatic alarm and emergency call.d. Be able to set up password and alarm telephone number, then modify theme. Remote control the power of appliancesV.THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSAccording to the program flow diagram with C or the assembly language compilation main program and music subroutine, carries on the debugging in the Keilc51 environment, will debug the good procedure using the programmer to solidify to MCU AT89C51. With the infrared sensor, the launch module, the receive module, the MCU, the acousto-optics alarm circuit welding on the PCB board according to the request, puts through the power source, the green power light is bright, indicated that the power sourcework is normal; When separation alert control switch, the alarm circuit does not work, therefore when some people intrude in the infrared launch area, also will not have the warning, when after closed alert control switch, the indicating lamp will be bright, indicates the alarm circuit in the work, when this time some people will intrude in the infrared launch area, will have the acousto-optic warning, namely the buzzer will send out music, red light emitter diode twinkle. The alert control master switch's function, causes the infrared burglar alarm's use to be more convenient, when the master wants to greet the visitor, may separate the alert control master switch, the visitor walks into the guard area not to report to the police; When the master wants to guard against theft, then closed alert control master switch, when has the unexpected visitor to intrude the guard zone time, will carry on the acousto-optic warning.VI.CONCLUSIONThis paper presents intelligent residential burglar alarm, emergency alarm, fire alarm, toxic gas leakage remote automatic sound alarm and remote control system, which is based on 89C51 single chip computer. The system communicates with terminal through public telephone network and mobile network, is able to dial preset telephone number and alarm telephone number automatically. We know what has happened according to tone dialer and where has happened. We can set up and modify passwords, be able to record and tone hints. We can use telephone or mobile phone to lay guards, withdraw guards, remote control the power of appliances. The alarm system has design innovation, multiply function, low cost, high reliability and so on. The system enhances the level of intelligent alarm system. Using the MCU and the wireless communication technology, may realize the wireless warning, between the wireless sensor and the MCU uses the ASK modulationand demodulate , with releases the infrared sensor to carry on the examination hotly, the installment hiding, the overall system does not need the independent wiring, it is suitable erects communication link's place inconveniently in the cities family and the remote districts ,and so on, it should have the good application prospect.多功能智能无线报警系统摘要：利用内部资源丰富的FPGA（现场可编程门阵列），设计了一个无线报警发送系统。

精品中英文外文翻译基于单片机的汽车防盗报警系统设计定

基于单片机和GSM模块的防火防盗毕业设计外文文献翻译

Automatic fire alarm systemThe traditional electron safe alarm system mainly is through the sensor automatic detection，produces the alarm, sends out the alarm the scene or reports to the police through the special electric near distance, thus causes people’s vigilance. Through many years research and the development, the present alarm apparatus may say is the class is multitudinous. As a result of the alarm apparatchik development and the social each domain anxious need，can application domain be more and more many, specially is overdevelops in the civil domain。

In recent years，the infrared alarm apparatus already became reports to the police a domain hot spot,because it used was not the obviously infrared acquisition，Hereford the hiding to be good，characteristic and so on security。

Infrared sensor is different according to the mechanism may divide into the light survey and the hot survey。

汽车防盗报警器中外文翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文注：附件1：外文资料翻译译文汽车防盗报警器目前汽车是人类最为主要的交通工具，也是现代文明的标志。

世界上每年汽车销售量超过6000万辆，保有量超过4 亿。

使用的车辆越多，随之而来的交通事故以及被盗的汽车量也越来越多，造成了人员伤亡和经济财产损失。

人们对车辆的使用性能和防盗性能提出了更高的要求。

汽车安全已经成为一个重要的社会性问题。

为了减少汽车事故的发生，让拥有汽车的用户保有安全感,研制出一种操作方便而又简单可靠,能自动检测汽车各部分安全状况，如果发现不正常情况能给司机给予报警提醒和防盗报警的安全系统，具有非常实际的意义。

汽车价值很高，伴随着汽车数量不断增加，汽车已经成为盗窃者的重点盗窃目标，汽车被偷也已成为当今社会普遍关注和急需解决的大问题。

目前，各种汽车防盗方式和产品不断更新，尽管车门和车辆引擎已经安装了防盗机械锁，但是盗徒用万能钥匙可不用吹灰之力把车门打开将车开走，所以汽车防盗问题仍然没有完全解决。

如今社会的汽车防盗有以下几种方式：一是机械防盗，主要原理是用锁锁住汽车上的某一部位，使其不能发挥应有的作用。

现有如下几种防盗方式：变速器档把锁、方向盘锁、制动踏板锁、离合踏板锁等，相应带来的麻烦是机械锁体积大，车主同时要随身多带一把钥匙。

而且破解的手段很多，由于核心终究是一把锁，这就难不住溜门撬锁之徒。

更难不住如液压剪之类的大型偷车手段；不小心再把钥匙丢了等等也是汽车被盗的可能性之一。

二是电子防盗，这是目前汽车市场上最为常用的防盗措施。

启动防盗系统便可将点火线圈和供油回路切断，只有在解锁钥匙的控制下才能将防盗正常解除。

这类防盗产品种类繁多。

国内外大部分小轿车在出厂时便已经配置了钥匙芯片防盗系统。

这是利用钥匙中的芯片发射无线电与本车的ECU接通后就能启动汽车发动机。

除此之外还有声光报警系统，汽车仪表盘上装有一种发光二极管，既可以让车主知道系统工作状态，同时也可以对窥探车内的偷车贼起到精神上的压力作用。

基于单片机的居室安全报警系统设计外文参考及翻译

本科生毕业设计（论文）专业外文翻译原文：Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With Security译文：基与单片机的智能家居系统与安全性指导教师：职称：副教授学生姓名：学号： 1002120106专业：电气工程及其自动化院（系）：机电工程学院2014年3月20日Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With SecurityAbstract:With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. This unit talks about the basic definitions needed to understand the Project better and further defines the technical criteria to be implemented as a part of this project.Keywords-component; Automation, 8051 microcontroller, LDR,LED, ADC, Relays, LCD display, Sensors, Stepper motorI.NTRODUCTIONA home automation system integrates electrical devices in ahouse with each other. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow control by apersonal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet.Typically, a new home is outfitted for home automation during construction, due to the accessibility of the walls, outlets, and storage rooms, and the ability to make design changes specifically to accommodate certain technologies. Wireless systems are commonly installed when outfitting a pre-existing house, as they reduce wiring changes. These communicate through the existing power wiring, radio, or infrared signals with a central controller. Network sockets maybe installed in every room like AC power receptacles. Although automated homes of the future have been staple exhibits for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science fiction, complexity, competition between vendors, multiple ncompatible standards and the resulting expense have limited the penetration of home automation to homes of the wealthy or ambitious hobbyists.II.HOME AUTOMATIONHome/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home or office, whether we are there or away. Home/office automation is one of the most exciting developments in technology for the home that has come along in decades. There are hundreds of products available today that allow us control over the devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice command. Home automation (also called domotics) is the residential extension of "building automation". It is automation of the home,housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HV AC (heating,ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems,to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care. Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked about automated devices, which could do anything on instigation of a controller, but today it has become a reality.III.NEED OF AUTOMATIONWith advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscularrequirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Automatic systems are being preferred over manual ystem. Through this project we have tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent.a) An automated device can replace good amount of human working force, moreover humans are more prone to errors and in intensive conditions the probability of error increases whereas, an automated device can work with diligence,versatility and with almost zero error.Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities,underwater, etc)Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.Economy improvement. Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. For example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology recovers its investment, or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century.b) This is why this project looks into construction and implementation of a system involving hardware to control a variety of electrical and electronics system.IV.SUPPY UNITA.Transformer:The main source of power(Fig 1) supply is a transformer. The maximum output power of power supply is dependent on maximum output power of transformer .We determine power from its current and voltage rating. e.g.: if there is a transformer of 12V, 500mA then maximum power delivered by transformer is 6Watt.It means we can drive a load from this transformer up to 6w. In our project our maximum power requirement is 1watt. So to provide this power we use 12V/250mA transformer. The maximum output power of this transformer is 4watt.it means it can easily drive load up to 4 watt.B.RectifierRectifier is a circuit which is used to convert ac to dc.Every electronic circuit requires a dc power supply for rectification. We have used four diodes.C.Input filter:After rectification we obtain dc supply from ac but it is not pure dc it may have some ac ripples .To reduce these ripples we use filters. It comprises of two filters –low frequency ripple filter and high frequency ripple filter. To reduce low frequency ripples we use electrolytic capacitor. The voltage rating of capacitor must be double from incoming dc supply. It blocks dc and passes ripples to ground.D.RegulatorInitial stage of every electronic circuit is power supply system which provides required power to drive the whole system. The specification of power supply depends on the power requirement and this requirement is determined by its rating. The main components used in supply system are.Regulator is a device which provides constant output voltage with varying input voltage. There are two types of regulators(a) Fixed voltage regulator(b) Adjustable regulatorWe have used fixed voltage regulator LM78XX last two digits signify output voltage. The voltage for our system is 5V that is why we have used 7805 regulator which provides 5V from 12V dc.E.Output filter:It is used to filter out output ripple if any.F.Output indicationWe use LED to observe the functioning of our system. If he LED glows it confirms proper functioning of our supply.We have used four power supply units.This supply is for the microcontroller,display and relay unit.The microcontroller requires 5 volt supply to perform any desired task.G.Control UnitTwo control units were used one for internal system and one for external system and these control unit based on ATMEL’sAT89S52 microcontroller(Fig 2). The given capture shows the pins and basic requirement of microcontroller to make it functional. Detailed description of the controller is 100uf / 50v.In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software electable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPUwhile allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.The Downloadable Flash can be changed a single byte at a time and is accessible through the SPI serial interface. Holding RESET active forces the SPI bus into a serial programming interface and allows the program memory to be written to or read from unless Lock Bit 2 has been activated.H.FeaturesCompatible with MCS-51™ProductsI.8KbytesofIn-SystemDownloadable Flash MemoryReprogrammableSPI Serial Interface for Program DownloadingEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles4.0V to5.5V Operating RangeFully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz56 x 8 bit Internal RAM32 Programmable I/O LinesThree 16 bit Timer/CountersEight Interrupt SourcesUll Duplex UART Serial ChannelLow Power Idle and Power Down ModesI .AdvantagesLess power consumptionLow costLess space requiredHigh speedFig 2-Chip BoardAT89S52 is an ATMEL controller with the core of Intel MCS-51. It has same pin configuration as give above. The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Downloadable Flash programmable and erasable read only memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Downloadable Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Downloadable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Downloadable Flash, 2K bytes of EEPROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, programmable watchdog timer, two Data Pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vectorJ .Pin DescriptionVCC: Supply voltage. GND: Ground., Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table .Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that uses 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89S52.RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives high for 98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISRTO,the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled. ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,however,that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory.If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.PSEN: Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory.EA/VPP: External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming.XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.H. Display UnitFig 3-Display UnitLiquid crystal displays (LCD) is an alphanumeric display and widely used in recent years as compared to LEDs. This is due to the declining prices of LCD, the ability to display numbers, characters and graphics, incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, their by relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD and also the ease of programming for characters and graphics. We have used JHD162A advanced version of HD44780 based LCDs.V.WHAT CAN BE AUTOMATEDA.Virtually anything in the home/office that is powered by electricity can be automated and/or controlled. We can control our electrical devices. The password is given with the help of controller and can be changed by simply making a small change in the program and then burning the program in the controller.B.Counter dependent automatic switching system of roomAfter opening the lock when the person enters the room the counter gets incremented.Now if it is a day then the lights would not be switched on but if it is dark then the lights will automatically switch on. Now whatever may be the number of people entering the room the counter will automatically get incremented by itself and on leaving the room the counter will get decremented but the system will keep on working .Once the counter is zero in other words once everyone leaves the room the switching system will automatically stop working.C.Temperature controlled cooling systemOnce the person has entered the room he would not require to switch on anything everything will just happen automatically. Like if the temperature is high then the fan will switch on, on its own. Else it will remain in off state. This temperature is predefined by us in the controller. But this system will only work if there is a person in the room in other words if the counter is not zero.D.Light saving systemThis light saving system is used in two places for internal section and external section. If a person is not at home or sitting inside the room and it is dark outside then the lights will automatically get switched on and when its day the light will get switched off. This ensures power saving.Fire and Smoke sensorThis part detects any fire or smoke from a fire and set an alarm or an indication.VI. FEATURESPassword Based Locking SystemIn this system we have ensured a safe locking system. On seeing from outside the lock would not be visible but this inbuilt locking system ensures security. This lock can be opened and closed with the help of a password which we will give using a keypad. The door will only open or close only if the password is correct else it will remain in its original state. The lock cannot be broken because to the person standing Future of Automation: Future will be of Automation of all products. Each and every product will be smart devices that we use daily and that will be controlled through a smart chip called microcontrollers. Each and Every home appliances will be controlled either by PC or hand held devices like PDA or mobile handsets. Some examples of it are when you want you can switch on/off Fan of your home by mobile handset or PC.Smart Grid: Home automation technologies are viewed as integral additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control lighting, appliances, HV AC as well as Smart applications(load shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and price reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolled out.VII. CONCLUSIONAn automated home can be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be heavilyautomated where any appliance that is plugged into electrical power is remotelycontrolled. Costs mainly include equipment, components, furniture, and custom installation.Ongoing costs include electricity to run the control systems, maintenance costs for the control and networking systems, including troubleshooting, and eventual cost of upgrading as standards change. Increased complexity may also increase maintenance costs for networked devices.Learning to use a complex system effectively may take significant time and training.Control system security may be difficult and costly to maintain, especially if the control system extends beyond the home, for instance by wireless or by connection to the internet or other networks.基与单片机的智能家居系统与安全性摘要：随着技术的进步的东西变得更简单，更容易为我们服务。

基于单片机的智能小车外文文献翻译

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译系部机电工程系专业车辆工程学生姓名学号指导教师职称讲师2013年2 月Electric intelligent car based on SCMThrough research and to realize a photoelectric sensor for sensitive components ,with AT89C51 as control core electric tracing of intelligent control carbonylation-the car ,the system is also including dc motor ,L9110 chips and LM324 comparator etc. The design USES AT89C51 as intelligent car core controller.The system takes microcontroller as control core and realization of electric before Enter ,back ,turn left and right turn function .Through the Angle sensor detection the seesaw Angle change ,use incremental pl algorithm to control the electric car for balance ,and using photoelectric sensor detection black line ,make the electricity Actuation vehicle in the course of driving keep linear motion and don’t skip from atrium .1. Project DesignLight buy a sensor ,the reality of the electric car is moving quickly degrees ,bit ,buy, transportation line shape when measured quantity of real condition ,and will be measured quantity number according to preach sent to monolithic machine into line processing, but buy single chip machine according to the measured buy root different forms of several inspection according to real now to electric actuation vehicle wisdom can control system .This kind of square case real now to electric actuation vehicle dynamic shape state into the shipment do real possession in system ,control system spirit alive ,can depend ,pure degree is high ,can full foot of each item of the stockings to bed .(1)straight epidemiological speed is tasseled straight epidemiological speed department with pulse width modulation experience .meanwhile gather speed is experience .meanwhile ,its main electrical pulse width modulation by road system type variable change device ,Jane says PWM variable change device .Adjustable speed by in the department of PWM experience .Meanwhile open shut frequency rate is high ,only on electricity barnado electricity sense of filter wave can be use to get to move very small straight pulse electric flow ,electricity flow barnado electric capacity easily even tantras, department of low speed operation flat experience .meanwhile ,adjustable speed stability van is surrounded relatively wide ,can reach 1000 left light .By on electrical flow wave shape than V-M system .be in phase with flat to all electrical flow dynamic machine ,electric heat consumption and hair loss than a small .with the sample buy in open shut frequency rate is high ,and if a fast speed electrical machine ring should match close ,fasten tasseled phase can be to get very wide frequency band ,because of the fast speed ring should be good ,dynamic configuration sexual can perturbation resistance can force is powerful .According to the root ,with more than ensemble close and this set of electrical machine control project by tolerance of the quantity and electrical machine speed straight flow of hair ,the exhibitor to adopt the project with a single extremely H type can be changed into change device inverse PWM line speed .1.1 photoelectric detection module designThe intelligent car was stuck on the black line running on white paper “road”, so this module design need to detect shop on the black rubber belt drive area , including Run straight along the arc district and driving district two area .Because f the black and white paper to light reflection coefficient is different ,can according to receive reflected light .The strength of the judge “road”-the black line .this paper USES is simple and practical detection methods, namely the infrared detection method.Infrared detection method ,I use infrared ray in different colors of physical surface with different reflection properties characteristics .In the car driving process Continually to the ground to launch the infrared ,when the infrared met white ground occurs when the reflected light ,aimless and launch packed on the car of receiving tube receiving ; if Fruit is met black line is absorbed ,and than the infrared cars receiving tube receiving less than signal .1.2 signal comparative module designThis part design USES a LM324 comparator ,of sensor signal voltage received compare and amplified ,and will compare the results after Feed to the microcontroller ,used to detect sensor sensitivity ,diagram shown in figure 5 shows .When two sensors simultaneously detect light ,straight forward .When the sensor can’t detect light ,in cut-off state ,double LM324 operational amplifier output low level to microcontroller ,by program processing ,If left not detected light ,then left correct direction; If the right has not been detected light ,then turn correct direction .1.3 motor control and driving module designBecause use is double drive cars ,this part of the circuit must be able to output of two different voltage values ,respectively to controlling trolley right and left two motor drive ,the two of the wheel speed and direction of the same or different ,thus to control its advance and turning .In system design process ,use two L9110 chips to connect SCM and dc motor respectively .L9110 is for control and drive motor design two channels push-pull power amplifier application-specific integrated circuit device ,discrete circuits in monolithic IC integrated such that the peripheral equipments in lower cost and the whole machine can carry on sexual high .The core slice two a TTL/CMOS and let electricity flat lose into ,have good anti-jamming ,two output terminal can pick flooding dynamic electric machine straight to the shipment of positive reverse move and it has had a big electricity flow flooding dynamic can force ,each call way can pass over 800mA continuous current ,peak current capacity of 1.5 ~OA ; At the same time it has lower output saturation pressure drop and the static electricity ,The built-in clamp a diode can release the perceptual load of reverse current impulse ,making it the drive relays ,dc motors ,stepping motor or switch power tube the useof safe and reliable .Follow tracing car system to common AT89C51, complementarywith relatively simple components and circuit design ,the smooth completion of follow under the premise of tracing function ,and fully considered appearance ,costs ,so most of the circuit car by manual welding is complete .In the design ,we never in a circuit increase redundant functions ,but retained various hardware interface and software subroutines interface to facilitate the expansion and development after.2. System hardware design2.1 motor driver module designIn making intelligent car, right wheel respectively with two speed and Torque basic identical dc motor driven deceleration. bolt-on trunk-lid spoiler Department to install a direction wheel, then through the I/O mouth to control tow dc slowing down Motor speed and steering can be achieved on the car to the left, turn right and straight line.Motor drive using a integrated electrical machine flooding dynamic core slice L 298 N. L298N is ST the production of the company, the internal containing four channel logical drive circuit, it is a kind of tow phase four phase motor drive, namely the special contains tow H bridge of high voltage large current commander bridge type drive，acceptance criteria TTL logic level signals, be driven 46V, 2A below the motor.2.2 tracing module designTracing module mainly composed by photoelectric sensor reflex, Photoconductive resistance of the resistance of the light with the surrounding environment changes, when the LTT white lines above, light emission strongly; The LTT black line above, light emission are relatively weak. So when photoconductive resistance in white line and black line above the elements will occur significantly changes, the resistance changes value after comparator can output high level. But this way environmental influences big, work is not stable. This article actual use is RPP220 type reflex sensors made tracing module.RPR220 is an integration of reflective photoelectric detector, transmitter is a gas infrared light emitting diode and the receiver is a high sensitivity silicon photoelectric triode flat. When the light emitting diode reflected back, triode conduction and output low level2.3 obstacle avoidance module designObstacle avoidance module mainly composed by infrared reflection sensor. Infrared reflection sensor by one infrared tubes and photoelectric diode constitute, infrared tubes out to meet the infrared object reflective sex strong after be turned back, by photoelectric diode receiving, causephotoelectric diode current increases, light born this change into voltage signal, it could be processor receives and processing.2.4 remote control module designThis module will launch end USES high sensitive HL-5000 type universal television remote control, the receiver using receive frequency for 38kH receiving head 1838, this module and the single chip computer interface is very convenient. In addition, for the red outside meet after harvest of plait code letter number the department tasseled set when shipped with project of AT89C52 single chip microcomputer external interruption. In order to recognize a complete key signal, must for each coding pulse width were measured with discriminate receives the pulse is o still 1. the microcontroller timer/counter to measuring pulse width. Timer/counter except points than can be set, from except 2 to except 2048, measurable pulse width can reach 500m/s. This paper set except point for 12, namely than 12 points frequency, because the external clock is about 12MH, clock cycle for 1s, so the timer/counter for 1 per timing once s.2.5 alarm module designAlarm module core chip 110 IC, can choose application in automobile, motorcycle, alarms, personal riot device, door magnetic alarm device and etc.3. System software designThis system software modular structure, he main program, initial anti-fuzzy procedures, interrupt subroutines, delay subroutines, buttons pronunciation subroutines, buttons scanning subroutines constitutes.3.1 tracing subroutines designTracing module is designed by the left right photoelectric sensor output terminal receiving monolithic respectively, p22 and p23 tube feet, then through the microcontroller programming, produce PWM control signal. Through L 298 control motor speed, let the car to move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.3.2 avoid barrier of programmingObstacle avoidance module is designed by the infrared reflection sensor module around the output terminal receiving MCU respectively p20 and p21 tube feet, then through the microcontroller programming, produce PWM control signal, through L298 control motor speed, let the car to move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.3.3 remote subroutines designRemote control module is designed by the infrared sensor 1838 an output terminal of the receiving MZUp32 tube feet, then use all-purpose remote control on the remote control, then letmicrocontroller decoding, produce PWM control signal, through L298 control motor speed, let the car move forward, left turn, turn right and stop driving purpose.4. Summar yAdopts singlechip, using photoelectric senor and infrared reflection senor was designed as a detection system, can realize automatic homing line to walk, automatic obstacle avoidance, alarm and remote control functions such as intelligent car. This design is the obvious advantage of simple circuit, reliability, low cost, and easy to function of further perfecting and expansion.From 基于单片机的智能小车通过研发实现了一种一光电传感器为敏感元件，以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的电机循迹小车的智能控，该系统还包括直流电机、L9110芯片和LM324比较器等。

单片机智能小车中英文对照外文翻译文献

单片机智能小车中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)基于单片机的智能小车单片机之所以被称为微控制器，是因为它最早被用在工业控制领域。

单片机是由芯片内仅有CPU的专用处理器发展而来。

最早的设计理念是通过将大量外围设备和CPU集成在一个芯片内，INTEL的Z80是最早按照这种思想设计出的处理器，从此以后，单片机和专用处理器的发展便分道扬镳。

早期的单片机都是8位或4位的。

其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因为简单可靠而且性能不错获得了广泛的好评。

此后在8031基础上研制出了MCS51系列单片机系统。

基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。

随着工业控制领域要求的提高，开始出现了16位单使计算机系统更小，更容易集成进复杂的但是对其要求严格的控制设备当中。

片机，但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。

90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到了巨大的普遍的认可。

随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位，并且进入主流市场。

而传统的8位单片机的性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80年代提高了数百倍。

目前，高端的32位单片机主频已经超过300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器，而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端的型号也只有10美元。

当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。

而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。

单片机与专用处理器相比适合应用于嵌入式系统，因此它得到了最多的应用。

事实上单片机是世界上数量最多的计算机。

现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件电子和机械产品中都会集成有单片机。

手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电脑配件中都配有1-2部单片机。

而个人电脑中也会有为数不少的单片机在工作。

汽车防盗报警器中外文翻译

汽车防盗报警器中外文翻译XXX: Car Anti-theft Alarm SystemCurrently。

XXX 60 n cars are sold worldwide every year。

with a total of over 400 n in use。

As the number of vehicles increases。

so do the number of traffic accidents and car thefts。

resulting in personal injury and economic loss。

People have XXX has XXX issue。

In order to ce car accidents and give car owners a sense of security。

it is of great XXX a safety system that is easy to operate。

automatically detects the safety status of each part of the car。

and alerts the driver with an alarm in case of XXX.Cars are of high value。

and with the increasing number of cars。

they have e the primary target of XXX。

us anti-XXX。

thieves can easily open the doors and drive away the car with a XXX。

the problem of car theft has not been XXX。

there are several ways to prevent car theft:1.Mechanical anti-theft: XXX is to lock a certain part of the car with a lock。

单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译

单片机居家安全报警系统外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Design of Home Safety Alarm System Based on Single Chip MicrocomputerAbstractThis design is to study the field of home safety alarm based on single-chip microcomputer, and design a home safety alarm system that is based on STC89C52 single chip microcomputer and is cost-effective and easy to install. The alarm system adopts the communication mode of wireless communication and GSM communication and the modular design concept. It detects different types of risk factors in the home environment through different types of sensor units, and feedbacks the environmental parameters of different rooms to the main control unit. The control unit makes corresponding decisions and issues alarm instructions when necessary to ensure the safety of the home environment. The system is simple and convenient to operate and has a high degree of intelligence. It can detect home risk factors and prevent dangerous accidents.Keywords: home security alarm system; wireless communication; GSM1 Introduction1.1 Hidden dangers and detection in modern home lifeIn the modern home life, people cannot live without convenient living materials such as running water, electricity, and natural gas. However, they bring convenience to us and also increase the unsafe factors in the home life, leaking water pipes, accidental fires, gas leaks, etc. An accident can bring irreparable damage to the family. With the increasing population of the city and the increasing mobility of the population, the crime rate of theft and house robbery has been high for many years. Traditional anti-theft doors and windows have a certain preventive effect, and there are also many security risks. A wide variety of decoration materials, furniture, and decorative items provide us with convenience and beautify the home while alsocontaminating formaldehyde. Therefore, the safety of the home environment has received increasing attention in recent years. How to create a comfortable, healthy and safe home environment has become a hot topic of common concern. In recent years, electronic technology has been changing with each passing day, and communication technology is flourishing. Among them, the development of chip technology and sensor technology is particularly prominent, which provides new options for the solution of home security issues. The use of a home safety alarm device with a microcontroller and a sensor as its core enables the detection of various risk factors in the home, such as gas concentration, formaldehyde content, leakage of water pipes, and theft of rooms, etc. The system can perform remote alarms in a timely manner and notify the user Solve it.1.2 Selected topics and meaningWith the rapid development of science and technology and economic level, people's requirements for the home environment have evolved from the initial satisfaction of simple housing development to the emphasis on the human needs of residential housing. As a result, many safe, comfortable, fast, and convenient smart communities have emerged. where safety is the primary goal. In addition to human factors, the establishment of security systems is an indispensable and important measure for the realization of smart residential security.At present, there are many types of home security products on the market, which can be roughly divided into several relatively independent categories such as anti-theft alarms, video surveillance, and access control systems. Some products have fewer functions, and products with more comprehensive functions have relatively higher prices. Installation is complicated. In other words, there is an urgent need for a product that requires a price to be popular, strong functions, simple installation, easy use, reliable work, and low false alarm rate. Therefore, starting from the actual application, this article systematically elaborates that the use of the system does not need to change the power lines in the home. It has low cost, does not affect aesthetics, wireless communication, and is easy to use. It is suitable for general househo ld use. Home security is closely related to each of us. The use of home security alarm devicescan improve the quality of life of people and make life more secure and convenient. Because of the advantages of the system and the unmatched price/performance ratio of the 51 series microcontrollers, it will be used in future development. Has a broad market prospects and development potential.1.3 Research Status and Development Trends at Home and AbroadIn recent years, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, computer technology, communication technology and sensor technology, there are more and more products related to home security alarms. Domestic and foreign companies such as Siemens, Honeywell, Bosch, Shenzhen Yingmao and many other companies have developed a series of home security alarm products. They generally have wired or wireless communication functions to complete some alarm functions and have carried out Successful application. For example, Siemens' product portfolio includes general-purpose security and security solutions and services, including access control systems, intrusion detection, video surveillance systems, on-site service control centers, and emergency management systems. Thanks to the installation of the Siemens fire and voice evacuation system, the Jinmao Tower and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai, the world's top hotel, provide safe and comfortable working and living environments for thousands of people. It can be foreseen that the smart residential community will become the development trend of the construction industry in the future, and the home security alarm system will become an integral part of the intelligent residential community. In particular, as people's living standards improve, people using home security alarm system equipment will More and more, people's lives will be more comfortable and safer.2 home security alarm system overall design2.1 Overall Design Scheme of Home Security Alarm SystemThe design of this system is a new home security alarm system that integrates single-chip microcomputer control technology, sensor detection technology, and communication technology. The system is based on the single-chip microcomputer and consists of various detection units placed in different rooms and main control units responsible for decision-making. Each detection unit is responsible for detectingvarious conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde content, leaking water, etc., and then sending the collected data to the main control unit through wireless communication, and the main control unit makes a decision and issues a corresponding The instruction controls the operation of the system, thus realizing the automatic detection and automatic alarm of the indoor environment and maintaining the safety of the indoor environment. The hardware of the system consists of eight parts: main control unit, fire detection unit, water leakage detection unit, anti-theft detection unit, gas leak detection unit, formaldehyde content detection unit, wireless communication module, and GSM network communication module. Ensure the normal operation of the system. The circuit of the system is mainly composed of a power supply module, a microcontroller module, a sensor module, a wireless module, a display module, and an alarm module.2.2 main control unitThe main control unit, as the control center of the system, is responsible for receiving the information of each detection unit through the wireless module, processing the information, finding the alarm information to issue a corresponding alarm, and promptly notifying the user for processing. The main control unit can complete tasks such as GSM network SMS alarm, sound and light alarm, LED screen display, and keyboard control. The GSM short message module is used to send and receive short messages so as to monitor home security. A variety of sensors are used to collect home information, and information fusion technology is used to obtain more reliable alarm information. After receiving the alarm information, the owner responded to the SMS to control and handle the situation on the site, so as to ensure home security and theft prevention. The system is simple in structure, easy to install and debug, and easy to use.DetectorThe detector is used to detect various environmental information in the room. The environmental information is sent to the main control unit so that the main control unit can process the information in time according to the information. The sensor is the core component of the detector. According to the detection situation,sensors of different types and different principles constitute different detectors. The detectors involved in the system mainly include the following types:(1) Fire detectorFire detectors are mainly installed in the kitchen. It uses a combination of smoke sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. Smoke sensors mainly include ion smoke sensors and photoelectric smoke sensors. The system uses ion smoke sensors. The ionized smoke sensor contains an internal radiation source 241. The current and voltage of the ionization chamber inside and outside the sensor are stable under normal conditions. When a fire occurs, the ionization chamber ionizes positive and negative ions under the action of an electric field. The two io ns move toward the positive and negative poles, and the internal current and voltage change to generate an alarm signal. The temperature and humidity sensor can convert the temperature and humidity of the environment into analog signals. These analog signals are converted into digital signals that can be processed by the MCU under the action of their own processing chip. In the event of a fire, the temperature and humidity in the room will rise sharply within a short period of time. Comprehensive temperature and humidity conditions can prevent false alarms due to external interference from the smoke sensor.(2) Water leak detectorThe leak detector is mainly installed in the bathroom. Its working principle is mainly to use the conductive characteristics of water. The two probes of the detector are installed slightly higher than the ground, and are respectively connected to an I/O pin and GND pin of the microcontroller. When water leakage occurs, the water level is higher than the height of the probe. The two probes of the detector are turned on, and the level of the I/O pin of the microcontroller is set low to generate an alarm signal.(3) Theft detectorThe anti-theft detector is installed above the window. The detection part is mainly composed of pyroelectric and infrared sensors. When a gangster enters through the window, pyroelectric and infrared laser sensors can generate alarm signalsat the same time. The combination of the two sensors can prevent false alarms caused by small animals or accidents. An important component of a pyroelectric sensor is a piezoelectric ceramic dielectric that maintains its polarization after being poled, known as spontaneous polarization. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing temperature and drops to zero at the Curie point. Therefore, when this material is exposed to infrared radiation and the temperature rises, the surface charge will decrease, which corresponds to the release of a part of the charge and is therefore called pyroelectricity. The released charge can be converted to a voltage output via an amplifier, thereby generating an alarm signal. When radiation continues to act on the pyroelectric element to balance its surface charge, it no longer releases charge. Therefore, pyroelectric sensors cannot detect constant infrared radiation. The infrared detector employs a photoelectric switch. The photoelectric switch (photoelectric sensor) is an abbreviation of the photoelectric proximity switch. It uses the object to block or reflect the light beam and strobes the circuit by a synchronous circuit to detect the presence or absence of an object. The photoelectric switch converts the input current into an optical signal on the transmitter, and the receiver then detects the target object according to the received light intensity or presence or absence.(4) Gas leak detectorThe gas is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene, and the natural gas is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other components. It can be seen that in both gases, methane is an important component of them. By detecting the methane content, it can be determined whether gas or natural gas leaks occur. The methane sensor converts the information related to the methane concentration into analog signals. These analog signals can be converted into digital signals by the A/D chip and sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller can obtain the indoor methane content according to the size of the digital data. Calculate the concentration of gas and natural gas so that detection and alarm can be achieved.(5) Formaldehyde detectorFormaldehyde is generally considered to be the number one killer of the indoorenvironment. Its release period is generally 3-15 years, and its harm is very serious for the human body, especially infants, pregnant women, the elderly and chronic patients. Formaldehyde mainly exists on the floor, decoration plates, furniture, carpets, paints, and glue. People can easily overlook its existence, but it can cause serious damage to people's health. The formaldehyde sensor uses the electrochemical formaldehyde gas sensor HCHO produced by Dart Sensor. This sensor is developed based on a breath alcohol sensor and is suitable for monitoring in most environments (-20°C~+50°C) (for special applications, it can be used at higher temperatures). This sensor is simple in design, with few components and its cost is reduced. It does not require power supply excitation. It only requires power during signal processing and display, so it is only a simple small battery cell.communication deviceThis system mainly adopts wireless communication methods, which avoids complicated laying of lines and is both beautiful and convenient. The main control unit and each subunit communicate with the wireless module 24L01. The effective range is 60 meters, which fully meets the needs of home use. The communication between the main control unit and the user adopts the GSM (mobile phone network) method. The alarm system can send the information in the home to the user as a short message. The user can also control the running of the home system by sending an SMS.Home Security Alarm System Functions and Working PrinciplesThe main control unit of the system can be placed in the living room, and the detection unit can be installed in different rooms of the house. For example, the fire detection unit is installed in the kitchen, the leak detection unit may be installed in the toilet, the anti-theft alarm detection unit is installed above the door and window, the gas leak detection unit is installed in the kitchen, and the formaldehyde content detection unit is placed in the living room or the bedroom. The detection unit placed in different locations sends information to the main control unit in real time through the wireless device. Once a fire, leaking water pipe, burglary, or gas leak occurs, the main control unit will immediately receive an alarm signal. Then the main control unitThe unit will judge and process the alarm signal, get the alarm type, make an audible and visual alarm, and notify the user through the GSM network. The home security alarm system has six main functions: Mobile phone network intelligent alarm. When an unexpected situation in the home is detected, an alarm is sent through a text message. It can monitor the concentration of gas or natural gas in the home, discover gas leaks, and promptly report an alarm. Anti-theft function, when a thief enters, immediately makes an alarm, and promptly informs the police and the household head; Intelligent fire alarm, immediately when the fire occurs in the home, to alarm, to reduce the loss of property; Intelligent waterproof detection function, found a leak in the home, timely closure of the main valve, And notify the owner by SMS to avoid the loss; The system can be controlled by the remote controller, which is easy to use and easy to operate.3 Hardware Design of Home Security Alarm System3.1 Design of the main control unitThe main controller consists of power supply, GSM communication module, wireless communication module, display device, button, and remote controller. The structure is shown in the figure.Figure 3 main control unit system diagram Power section uses the AC220/DC5V power supply module, after the power supply voltage transformer voltage regulator, and finally get a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller and other electrical equipment. The display device uses 12864 liquid crystal, 12864 is the abbreviation of dot matrix number of 128*64 dot matrix LCD module, 12864 LCD with Chinese font library can display 4 rows and 8 columns of 32 characters with 16 16 dot matrix, each The display RAM can display 1 Chinese character or 2 16×8 lattice full height ASCII code characters, that is, each display can display up to 32 Chinese characters or 64 ASCII characters. The display of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and system working status is realized through the liquid crystal, so that people can understand the working status of the system in real time. The basic circuit for displaying the liquid crystal is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 LCD connection circuit diagram The GSM mobile network communication module is selected from theSiemens TC35 module, which is a dual-band 900/1800MHz highly integrated GSM module, it is easy to integrate, cost-effective, good product quality and performance The system guarantees that the system communicates with the user's mobile phone via SMS, which is convenient and quick. The GSM module can transmit voice and data signals and connect the SIM card reader and antenna respectively through the interface connector and antenna connector. The automatic baud rate is 1.2kb/s~115kb/s. It supports Short Message Service (SMS) in Text and PDU formats, and can send text messages and make phone calls. The module expansion circuit is shown in Figure 5, and the features are described below. Information transmission content: V oice and data power: Single power supply 3.3V ~ 5.5V Frequency band: Dual-band GSM900MHz and DCS1800MHz (Phase 2+) Transmitting power: 2W (GSM900MHz Class 4) 1W (DCS1800MHz Class 1) 8SIM Card Connection: External Antenna: External antenna connected by antenna connector Talk mode: 300mA (Typ.) Figure 5 TC35 peripheral expansion circuit diagram The wireless communication device uses the 24L01 wireless module, and the maximum operating speed is 2Mbps. It is highly efficient GFSK modulation and has strong anti-interference ability. Up to 126 available channels to meet the needs of multi-point communication and frequency hopping communication, built-in hardware CRC error detection and point-to-multipoint communication address control; Low power consumption 1. 9 - 3. 6V operation, 22uA in standby mode Under power-down mode is 900nA; Built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small and exquisite; The module can be set by software address, can be directly used by various microcontrollers, software programming is very convenient. When connecting with P0 port of 51 series single-chip microcomputer, it needs to add 10K pull-up resistor and it is not necessary to connect with other ports. For other series of microcontrollers, if it is 5V, please refer to the output current of the IO of this series of microcontrollers. If it exceeds 10mA, series resistor divider is required. If it is 3. 3V, it can be directly connected to the IO line of the RF2401 module. For example, if A VR series microcontrollers are 5V, they are generally connected in series with 2K resistors. The keypad is used to set the basic parameters of the main control unit. It can also set the parameters through theSAA3010T remote control. The remote control receiver uses HS0038. The connection circuit with the microcontroller is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 Infrared remote control receiver circuit we use the receiver head, its drive circuit is simple, easy to control the microcontroller. Its operation method is the same as that of an ordinary TV remote controller, and the operation is simple and easy to use.3.2 Design of fire detection unitThe fire alarm unit is composed of a smoke sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The increase of the temperature and humidity sensor can enhance the reliability of the alarm and reduce the occurrence of false alarms. The composition of the fire alarm unit is shown in Figure 8. Fig. 8 System diagram of fire detection unit The smoke sensor converts the collected smoke concentration into an analog signal. After the A/D chip, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the microcontroller. Temperature and humidity sensor The DH11 can send temperature and humidity in digital form to the microcontroller, so the signal does not have to be processed. The MCU sends the received information to the master control unit through the wireless communication module 24L01. The type of smoke sensor used in the system is MQ-2. The gas sensitive material used by MQ-2 is tin dioxide (SnO2) with low conductivity in clean air, and its sensitivity to smoke is very high.3.3 Design of leak detection unitThe unit's design mainly utilizes the conductive properties of water. There are two detection probes connected to the microcontroller, which are connected to the I/O pin and the GND pin of the microcontroller. When in use, put the two probes above the bathroom floor. When there is water leakage, the toilet will produce water. The two probes of the detector are connected to the stagnant water. The preset high-level I/O pins are set low. , Generate an alarm signal, the microcontroller then sends the alarm signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module, thus completing the entire alarm process. The specific structure of the alarm unit is shown in Figure 11.3.4 Design of Gas Leak Detection UnitThe gas leak detection unit is mainly composed of a methane content displayliquid crystal, a methane sensor, a wireless communication module, and a buzzer alarm. The structure is shown in FIG. Figure 12 shows the gas leakage detection unit system. Among them, the liquid crystal display is a 5110 liquid crystal display. Its features are: Cost-effective, LCD1602 can display 32 characters, and Nokia5110 can display 15 Chinese characters, 30 characters, Nokia5110 bare screen only 8. 8 yuan, LCD1602 generally about 15 yuan, LCD12864 generally 50 to 70 yuan; interface is simple, only four I / O lines can drive, LCD1602 need 11 I / O lines, LCD12864 need 12 root. The speed is 20 times that of the LCD12864 and 40 times that of the LCD1602. The model selected for the methane sensor is GJ4. Its output is analog and needs to be sent to the microcontroller via A/D conversion. Its use is similar to the smoke sensor.3.5 Design of formaldehyde monitoring unitFormaldehyde detection unit is mainly composed of formaldehyde sensor, operational amplifier, wireless communication module and sound and light alarm. The formaldehyde sensor converts the formaldehyde concentration into electrical signals. The signal is processed by the operational amplifier and then input to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer judges the signal and sends the formaldehyde content signal to the main control unit through the wireless communication module. The sensor contains a conventional two-electrode fuel cell sensor. The working electrode discharges electrons to the counter electrode through an external circuit and is consumed at the counting electrode end with the reduction of oxygen. The internal circuit is realized by the ion current in the electrolyte. Well-designed to facilitate the growth of electrolyte. The rise and fall of the electrolyte varies with the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, but the normal operation will not affect the calibration value. The specific circuit shown in Figure.3.6 Design of anti-theft alarm unitThe anti-theft alarm unit is a double detector consisting of a pyroelectric sensor and an infrared sensor. Compared with conventional pyroelectric or infrared single sensor systems, Shuangjian detectors have significantly reduced their false alarm rates.When the Shuangjian detector works, the two signals of the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor are processed by the NAND gate and sent to the SCM. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, when designing, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor, and the principle diagram of false alarms that can reduce the external interference signal by changing the lens division method is shown in Fig.16. Fig. 16 System diagram of the anti-theft alarm unit When the double-detection detector works, the pyroelectric sensor and the infrared sensor signal are sent to the single-chip microcomputer after being processed by a NAND gate. When only two sensors respond at the same time, the detector sends an alarm signal to the microcontroller, otherwise no alarm signal is generated. In addition, Fresnel lens is added to the pyroelectric sensor during design. By changing the lens segmentation mode, false alarms due to external interference signals can be reduced. 3.7 Design of Communication SectionThe communication part of this system is mainly composed of GSM mobile network communication module and 24L01 wireless communication module. The GSM module communicates with the user's mobile phone through the mobile phone network of the mobile phone, and the user can understand the security situation at home at any time. Each detection unit communicates with the main control unit through the wireless communication module and feeds back the detected information to the main control unit in time. System Communication Structure Diagram The GSM mobile network communication module uses the TC35 module. Its main features are wide coverage, low cost, reliable quality, and high security. It inherits the standard A T instruction set and RS232 interface standard internally, which makes it easie r for the microcontroller system to control it. It reduces the design of external circuits and simplifies the programming of the program. The hardware circuit is not complicated, but there are many modules used, which increases the complexity of programming and the difficulty of debugging. Therefore, it is necessary to debug each module individually after being debugged by the single chip microcomputer. Communication module application circuit diagram SIM CARD is a mobile communication networkuser identification module. SIM CARD contains the user's user information and is an indispensable tool for communication with mobile phones. There are 6 pins corresponding to each other on the SIM card and the card holder. This is the interface between SIM CARD and TC35. The wireless communication part adopts 24L01 wireless communication module, which has built-in 2. 4Ghz antenna, small size, software address, software programming is very convenient, built-in special voltage regulator circuit, using a variety of power supply including DC/DC switching power supply are very good The communication effect, when connected to the P0 port of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer, requires a pull-up resistor of 10K, and it is not necessary to connect to other ports. The user can set the alarm phone number, alarm mode, work mode, etc. through the keypad. Through the liquid crystal display, you can clearly understand the operating conditions of the system and the environmental parameters in your home, such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, formaldehyde concentration, leaks, and communication conditions.中文译文基于单片机的居家安全报警系统的设计摘要本设计是对基于单片机的居家安全报警领域进行研究，设计出以STC89C52 单片机为核心的高性价比，易于安装的居家安全报警系统。

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