国际支付与结算答案

第一章

SWIFT通讯方式（全称，特点，提供的服务）

全称：society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications, a computerized international telecommunications system that, through standardized formatted messages, rapidly processes and transmits financial transactions and information among its members around the world

提供的服务Services provided by SWIFT:

–FIN (Financial Application)

–IFT (Interbank File Transfer)

特点Characteristics of SWIFT:

–Quick and cheap;

–Secure and reliable;

第二章

来账，往账两个账户的情况

nostro account: due from account, the foreign currency account of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.

Vostro account: due to account, the account held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank. From the point of view of a Chinese bank, a nostro account is our bank’s account in the book of an overseas bank denominated in foreign currency; and a vostro account is an overseas bank’s account with our bank denominated in RMB.

两个外汇资金的清算体系（美元2个，欧元一个）

Ⅰfunds transferring system in China

Intra-city transfer between different banks;

Intra-bank transfer between different cities;

Inter-bank transfers between different cities.

ⅡUSD foreign exchange system:

FEDWIRE: a fund transfer system operated nationwide in the USA by the Federal Reserve System to transfer funds from one financial institution to another with an account balance held with the Fed.

Real-time gross settlement system: usually operated by central banks, in which each payment order is settled immediately upon its entry into the system in its entire (gross) amount.

CHIPS( Clearing House Interbank Payment System): a netting system operated by the New York Clearing House Association.

A netting payment system: payment orders debiting the accounts of participants are collected for a certain time period, and then at the end of that time the net position is calculated and cleared for each participant on the basis of the payment orders sent and received.

Advantages of netting payment system:

lower liquidity requirement that banks need in order to settle payments of a specific value (only the difference between the value of an individual bank’s incoming and outgoing payments is settled by transferring funds) ;

netting systems are more efficient from the point of view of the communications and processing capacity employed.

Disadvantages of netting payment system:

These systems expose participants to a settlement risk, as they are implicitly giving each other