英语语法_形容词与副词
形容词与副词的区别与变化规则
形容词与副词的区别与变化规则形容词和副词是英语中常见的词类,在表达方式和语法使用上有一些明显的区别与变化规则。
本文将对形容词和副词的区别以及它们的变化规则进行详细介绍。
一、形容词的定义与特点形容词(Adjective)是一类用来修饰名词或代词的词语。
它的主要作用是描述名词的品质、状态、特征或属性。
形容词通常用于句子中作定语或表语,用来给名词或代词增加具体的形象、感受或特征。
二、副词的定义与特点副词(Adverb)是一类用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词语。
它的作用是对动作、状态、程度、时间、方式、原因等进行修饰和补充。
副词通常用来回答问题“how”,以解释或限定动作发生的方式、程度或时间。
三、形容词与副词的区别1. 修饰对象不同:形容词修饰名词或代词,而副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。
2. 语法作用不同:形容词在句中作定语、表语或补语,而副词则在句中作状语、补语或修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 修改内容不同:形容词修饰名词时,改变名词的特征或属性,而副词修饰动词时,改变动作的方式、程度等。
四、形容词的变化规则1. 基本形式:形容词的基本形式一般是原级(原形),如“big”。
2. 比较级(比较形式):形容词在比较级中加“-er”,如“bigger”。
在一些特殊情况下,形容词的比较级会发生规则变化,如“good”变为“better”、“bad”变为“worse”等。
3. 最高级(最高形式):形容词在最高级中加“-est”,如“biggest”。
同样地,一些形容词在最高级中会有规则变化,如“best”、“worst”。
五、副词的变化规则1. 基本形式:大多数副词的基本形式与形容词相同,只是作用不同,如“loud”(形容词)和“loudly”(副词)。
2. 比较级和最高级:大多数副词的比较级和最高级都是在前面加“more”和“most”,如“more slowly”、“most beautifully”。
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词[知识梳理]一、形容词的概念与用法形容词(adjective)用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。
它可在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词;可以作表语或宾(主)语的补足语,表示主语或宾语的状态、特征;有时也可以作状语。
如:This is a beautiful school.这是一所美丽的学校。
(作定语,修饰名词school)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你们。
(作定语,修饰不定代词something)Our school is beautiful.我们学校很美丽。
(作表语)We’ll make our school more beautiful.我们要使我们的学校更美丽。
(作宾补)Our school will be made more beautiful.我们的学校将会变得更美丽。
(作主补)He got home late that night, hungry and tired.那天晚上他很迟才回来,又累又饿。
(作状语)二、副词的概念与用法副词(adverb)用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。
它在句中主要作状语,个别副词也可作表语、定语、或宾(主)语补足语。
He studies hard.他学习很努力。
(作状语,修饰动词)I’m terribly sorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我迟到了。
(作状语,修饰形容词)This coat fits him very well.这件上衣他穿着很合适。
(作状语,修饰副词)The people here are kind to us.这里的人对我们很好。
(作定语,修饰The people)When will you be back? 你什么时候回来?(作表语)三、形容词与副词的转换有的形容词加上ly后可转换成副词,规则如下:注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等词虽然以ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词。
英语形容词副词用法总结
英语形容词副词用法总结英语中的形容词和副词是两种重要的词性,它们在句子中起着描述和修饰的作用。
以下是它们的用法总结:一、形容词的主要用法:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
例如:a beautiful girl(一个漂亮的女孩)。
形容词可以作表语,说明主语的状态、性质等。
例如:The sun is bright today.(今天的阳光很明媚。
)形容词可以作定语,修饰名词。
例如:a red apple(一个红苹果)。
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词+数量词+描绘词+大小+形状+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。
例如:a small round table(一张小圆桌)。
二、副词的主要用法:副词修饰动词,说明动作的方式、程度等。
例如:He speaks loudly.(他说话很大声。
)副词可以修饰形容词或其他副词,说明它们的程度。
例如:This problem is extremely difficult.(这个问题非常困难。
)副词可以作表语,说明主语的状态。
例如:The light is on.(灯开着。
)副词可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词等。
例如:He often goes to the park.(他经常去公园。
)在这个句子中,“often”是时间副词。
多个副词修饰动词时,其顺序通常为:方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。
例如:He quietly entered the room yesterday.(他昨天悄悄地进入了房间。
)请注意,形容词和副词在句子中的具体用法可能会因语境而异。
为了更准确地使用它们,建议多阅读英语文章和例句,以增强语感。
高中英语语法—形容词、副词
例题
1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案点拨:C 由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新 旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序 只有C符合答案。
2、+ed
excite—excited worry—worried surprise—surprised close—closed interest—interested frighten—frightened
3、+ing
interest—interesting excite—exciting surprise—surprising follow—following
4、+y 所有表示天气状况的的形容词
sun—sunny snow—snowy wind—windy rain-rainy cloud—cloudy health—healthy
5、+ en
wool-woolen wood--wooden
6、+ern (东西南北)
east--eastern south-southern west--western north--northern
多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序:
在不确定的时候,可参照如下口诀: 美小圆旧黄,法国木书房 注释:美——描述性质;小——大小、长短、 高矮胖瘦 旧——新旧、年龄 圆——形状;黄——颜色;法国——产地、 国籍;木——材料;书房——用途 a new red silk cap一顶红色新丝帽 a short young Japanese businessman
语法精讲-- 形容词、副词
5. —Let’s go shopping at the new mall.
—Why not shop online? It’s _______.
A. expensive
B. more expensive
C. less expensive expensive
D. the most
【解析】选C。由句意可知答语应为“为什么不网上购物?它 更便宜。”less expensive意为“更便宜”。
A. brave worried
B. proud
C. successful
D.
【解析】选B。brave勇敢的;proud自豪的;successful成 功的;worried忧虑的。由常识可知当刘翔在比赛中又获得第 一名时,我们应该感到自豪。故选B。
3. Why are you staying up so late playing computer games again? Stop being so _______.
, ,
官(观)
代表观点的描述性形容 词
fine好的, beautiful漂亮的, interesting有趣的
行(形)
代表表示大小、长短、 small小的, tall高的, high 高低及形状的形容词 高的, round圆的
口诀
说明
例词
令(龄) 代表年龄、新旧的形 young年轻的, old年老的, new
A. funny
B. silly
C. seriLeabharlann us【解析】选B。前句句意为“你为什么又熬夜这么晚玩电脑游 戏?”可知,下一句应为“别这么愚蠢了。”funny有趣的; silly愚蠢的;serious严肃的。
4. Farmers have become _______ in our hometown in recent years. A. more and more rich B. richer and richer C. more rich and more rich 【解析】选B。“比较级and比较级”意为“越……就越……”, rich的比较级是richer。
英语语法--形容词与副词
英语语法一形容词与副词来源:普特英语形容词1.1什么是形容词形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:a lovely baby 一个可爱的婴儿the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画modern history 现代历史1.2形容词的用法形容词在句中可用作:1淀语He is a good boy他是个好孩子。
The Chinese Communist Party is a great party 中国共产党是伟大的党。
2)表语The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人,而且富有教育意义。
I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。
如:Have you got everything ready for the journey?你行装都准备好了吗?We keep our rooms clean and tidy我们经常保持房间的整洁。
4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the,变成名词化的形容词,可在句中作主语、宾语等。
如:The young are active.青年人积极好动。
(the young作主语)The blind can learn to read with their fingertips.盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。
(the blind 作主语)He has a keen sense of the new他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。
(the new作宾语)[注一]上述三例中的the young =the young people,the blind the Blind people,the new the new things.[注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。
【高中英语语法】形容词副词
句型 4 as much/many…as…(如……那样 多的) I haven't got as much money as you asked. (我没有凑到你所要求的那么多的钱。) She has invited as many guests as the dining hall can hold. (她按餐厅容量邀请了客人。)
二、比较用法
(1)原级比较
句型 1. as + adj.+as……(如……那样……) 例:He is as tall as I (am tall). 例:This is as good as that(is good).
解说 本句式是表达肯定的原级比较,也叫作 同等比较,并可改用下列方式表达。 He is as tall as I (am tall). He and I are of the same height. This is as good as that(is good). (quality)
II.前位修饰法与后位修饰法 定义 把修饰用的形容词置于其所修饰的名词之前, 称为前位修饰法(Premodification),反之若把 修饰用的形容词置于其所修饰的名词之后称为后 位修饰法(Post-modification) 一个年轻的漂亮女人 A beautiful young lady A lady both beautiful and young
不过这些限定词若是遇到“all,both,many, such,double,what”等时须移在其后(其 中有的是固定的句式)。 例:We must solve all these problems. (我们必须解决所有这些问题)。 例:Both my parents are away sightseeing in Europe now. (现在我的父母亲都到欧洲去观光旅行不在 家。)
高中英语语法-形容词和副词
quick、fast与soon: quick往往指反应速度快, fast往往指运动速度快, soon则表示时间上很快即将发生: After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school. A train is much faster than a bus. His father will be back to China very soon.
Tony is going camping with ______ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案:C. 由\“限定词--数词--描绘
One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 年龄+国家+材料。
(3) tall与high: Tall 指身高的高度,用于人和动物, 反义词为 short He is very short/tall. High 指物体的高度,另可形容价格,质量等, 反义词为low The kite is flying very high. Tall和high都可用来指tree, building, tower等, 但mountain只能用high形容。
1.Chinese, glass, a, beautiful, table a beautiful Chinese glass table 2.wonderful, my, garden, new, large my wonderful large new garden 3. a, round, table, small a small round table 4. a, old, dirty, brown shirt a dirty old brown shirt
形容词和副词英语语法讲解
• 1.She is my best firend ,so I know her very __
• A.good B .fine C.nice D.well
• 解析D本体考察的是形容词修饰名词。副词修饰动词的用 法本句意思是他是我的好朋友,因此我很了解他本句要修 饰是动词故用副词well
四、形容词和副词的比较等级
2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.
3. This room is three times as large as that one.
比较级 1. 构成形式: - er more
注意不规则变化
more worse less
better farther further
原级
1. 肯定
2. 否定 3. 倍数源自as + adj. / adv. 原级 + as
not as (so) + adj. / adv. 原级 + as 倍数 + as + adj. / adv. 原级 + as
•
twice a larger than
倍数+ the size (height, length, width) + of 如:1. Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you.
• “…得多”:many, much, a lot, far, by far • “更,甚”:even, still
4. 比较级句型表达最高级含义 + any other + 单数名词
比较级 + the other + 复数名词 + any of the other + 复数名词
小学英语语法——形容词与副词知识点讲解+练习
形容词和副词一、形容词、副词概述1、形容词定义:形容词(adjective),简称adj,用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。
2、副词定义:副词(adverb),简称adv,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。
二、形容词、副词考点纵览三、综合练习( ) 1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best ( ) 2. She looks very _____ but I can’t remember her name.A. similarB. familiarC. friendlyD. strange ( ) 3. Children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.A. sad; sadB. sadly; sadlyC. sad; sadlyD. sadly; sad( ) 4. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty littleB. little pretty woodenC. pretty little woodenD. wooden little pretty( ) 5. ---Which team is _______ to win the game?---I don’t know, but I’ve found _______ for ours to win.A. probable; it unlikelyB. likely; it possibleC. possible; it possibleD. likely; it possibly( ) 6. With the development of the Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.A. lessB. moreC. littleD. few( ) 7. ---If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.---OK, but do you have ______ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.A. a bigB. a biggerC. the bigD. the bigger( ) 8. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time( ) 9. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.A. twice more thanB. twice as much asC. as much twice asD. twice so much as( ) 10.________students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese( ) 11. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____to carry all the way home.A. much too heavyB. too much heavyC. heavy too muchD. too heavy much( ) 12. Our neighbor has ________ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. a house the same big as( ) 13. We were in ________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.A. a rush so anxiousB. a such anxious rushC. so an anxious rushD. such an anxious rush( ) 14. ---I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.---You can never be ________careful in the street.A. muchB. veryC. soD. too( ) 15. ---You don’t look very ________.Are you ill?---No,I’m just a bit tired.A. goodB. wellC. strongD. healthy( ) 16. Four of Robert’s children were at the party,including ________, Luke.A. the eldestB. an oldest oneC. the oldD. an old one( ) 17. Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-metre-longB. 800-metres-longC. 800 metre lengthD. 800 metres length( ) 18. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country,________if you don’t speak the language.A. extremelyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. especially( ) 19. In recent years,travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,__________.A. our holiday will be betterB. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will beD. the better will our holiday be( ) 20. When he heard a cry for help, he ran out as ________ as he could.A. hardlyB. quicklyC. finallyD. slowly( ) 21. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”A. easyB. difficultC. possibleD. sure( ) 22. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another.A. straight; straightB. straightly; straightlyC. straight; straightlyD. straightly; straight( ) 23. “This book is ______ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.”A. quite; quiteB. much; ratherC. rather; quite D quite; much( ) 24. There was a ______ change in the weather, and the rain came pouring down.A. quickB. slowC. fastD. sudden( ) 25. You can speak ______ in front of him, but you can’t eat ______ in his restaurant.A. freely; freelyB. free; freelyC. freely; freeD. free; free( ) 26. Tom will not be at the picnic, ______ to the family’s disappointment.A. muchB. moreC. too muchD. much more( ) 27. --- I have seen so little of Mike ______. Is he away on business?--- Oh, no. He just leaves for his office early and comes back very ______.A. later; latelyB. later; laterC. lately; lateD. late; lately( ) 28. From his ______ voice on the phone I know everything is well under way.A. satisfactoryB. satisfyingC. satisfiedD. satisfaction( ) 29. In ______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.A. traditionalB. historicC. peacefulD. civil( ) 30. The houses in the village are ______ built of wood and hay.A. mostB. almostC. nearlyD. mostly( ) 31. --- What do people wear when they go to the theatre?--- Well, it isn’t very ______. People can wear anything they like.A. normalB. certainC. modernD. simple( ) 32. Mary’s biology is ______ than ______ in the class.A. a lot of better; anyone else’sB. far better; anyone’s else’sC. much better; anyone elseD. a lot better; anyone else’s( ) 33. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____.A. badlyB. hardlyC. stronglyD. heavily( ) 34. Paris is one of _____ cities in the world.A. more beautifullyB. more beautifulC. the most beautifullyD. the most beautiful ( ) 35. Are you going to leave______?A. the open windowsB. the windows openingC. the windows openD. the windows opened( ) 36. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary, so he makes lots of mistakes.A. so careful asB. as carefully asC. carefully asD. as careful as.( ) 37. My sister is good at sports. She can jump ____ than me.A. highestB. very highC. too highD. much higher ( ) 38. When spring comes, the trees get ____.A. green and greenB. green and greenerC. greener and greenD. greener and greener( ) 39.He works very ___________.He _____________has a rest on Sundays.A. hard; hardlyB. hardly; hardC. hard; hardD. hardly; hardly( ) 40.He learns Russian_____________.A. goodB. niceC. wellD. fine( ) 41.The boy didn’t run______________ to catch the bus.A. fast enoughB. enough fastC. quick enoughD. enough quickly ( ) 42.Eating _____________ is bad for our health.A. much tooB. too muchC. too moreD. too many( ) 43.Have you ever seen ______________ big panda before?A. a suchB. such aC. so aD. as( ) 44.He looks very _____________ today.A. worriedB. worryC. worryingD. to worry( ) 45.Listen to me. I have _____________ to tell you.A. important somethingB. important anythingC. something importantD. anything important( ) 46. ---How ___ can you finish the drawing?--- In ten minutes.A. longB. often.C. soonD. rapid( ) 47. This book is _____ worth seeing again.A. veryB. quiteC. wellD. much( ) 48. My _____ brother is three years ____ than I .A. old; olderB. elder; olderC. older; elderD. old; elder( ) 49. We felt ___ after we watched the ___ football match.A. exciting; excitedB. excited; excitingC. excited; excitedD. exciting; exciting( ) 50. The old man lived ____ in the house, but he didn’t feel___.A. lonely; lonelyB. alone; lonelyC. alone; aloneD. lonely; alone小学英语语法——形容词与副词知识点讲解+练习参考答案1. A2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.A 11. A 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 21. D 22.A 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.A 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.D 31. B 32.D 33.D 34.D 35.C 36.B 37.D 38.D 39.A 40.C 41. A 42.B 43.B 44.A 45.C 46.C 47.C 48.B 49.B 50.B11。
小学英语语法形容词,副词的用法总结整理归纳
④ 程度副词一般放在形容词或副词之前。动词之前或者句尾。
eg: I study English very hard.我学习英语很努力。
I really like reading. 我真的喜欢看书。
She speaks English well.她英语说得很好。
⑤ 频度副词放在情态动词,be 动词,助动词的后面,实意动词的前面
分类
定义
简单形容词 由一个形容词单独构成
由几个形容词共同组成 合成形容词
并起形容词的作用
例词 nice green clever beautiful rainy long
ten-year-old(10 岁的) two-year(2 年的)
(2)副词的分类
分 定义
类
例词
时
now(现在),today(今天),yesterday(昨天),
friendly—friendlier,friendliest—more friendly,most friendly 3 形容词前加 less 和 least,则表示“较不”和“最不” 如:important 重要,less important 较不重要,least important 最不重要
五、形容词/副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法 (1)原级的用法
① 肯定句中用“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示比较的两个对象在程度上相 同或相等。 eg: Tom is as tall as his brother.汤姆和他的哥哥一样高。
My hair is as long as yours. 我的头发与你的头发一样长。 Jack runs as fast as his brother. 杰克和他的哥哥跑得一样快。 ② 否定句中用“not so/as+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示“……不如……”。 eg: His bedroom is not so/as big as his sister´s. 他的房间不如他姐姐的大。 Lucy doesn´t dress so/as ely as Lily. 露西穿得不像莉莉那么可爱。 (2)比较级的用法(两者比较) ① “ A + 动词 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than + B”,意思为“A 比 B 更……”。
高中英语语法知识:形容词和副词
高中英语语法知识:形容词和副词形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的词,主要用作定语、表语和补足语等。
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的词,主要用状语、表语和定语等。
下面就形容词和副词的相关知识作如下讲解。
1. 形容词及其用法1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
例如:hot。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。
这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。
大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如:afraid 害怕的。
这类词还有well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3) 形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。
但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。
例如:something nice.2. 以-ly结尾的形容词1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。
但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She sang lovely.(错) He spoke to me very friendly.(对) Her singing was lovely.(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2) 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。
例如:The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
3. 用形容词表示类别和整体1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。
语法知识形容词与副词
语法知识形容词与副词语法知识:形容词与副词形容词和副词是英语语法中常用的两类词性,它们在句子中起着修饰名词或动词的作用。
形容词主要用于修饰名词,描述名词的特征和性质,而副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,描述它们的程度、方式、时间等。
一、形容词形容词是用来描述名词的词性,它可以给出名词的属性、特征或状态。
在句子中,形容词通常位于名词之前,用来修饰名词。
1. 形容词的用法形容词可以用来表示名词的颜色、形状、大小、品质、国籍等特征。
例如:- a beautiful flower(一朵美丽的花)- a big house(一座大房子)- a red apple(一个红苹果)2. 形容词的比较级和最高级形容词可以通过在词尾加上-er来表示比较级,加上-est来表示最高级。
此外,有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,需要记忆。
例如:- tall(高)- taller(更高)- tallest(最高)- good(好)- better(更好)- best(最好)3. 形容词的位置形容词通常放在名词前面,但有时也可以放在名词后面。
例如:- a beautiful girl(一个漂亮的女孩)- a girl beautiful(一个漂亮的女孩)二、副词副词是一类用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词性。
它可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等含义。
1. 副词的用法副词可以用来修饰动词,表示动作发生的方式、频率、时间等。
例如:- He speaks slowly.(他说话慢慢地)- She always arrives on time.(她总是准时到达)副词还可用来修饰形容词,表示程度或程度的变化。
例如:- The weather is very hot today.(今天天气非常热)- She is quite tall.(她很高)2. 副词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级形式通常在词尾加上-er和-est,但也有一些不规则变化的副词。
小学英语语法之形容词和副词
小学英语语法之形容词和副词学校英语语法之形容词和副词形容词[adjective 简称adj.或a.] 许多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。
形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。
副词[adverb简写adv] 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
1) 时间和频度副词:no,then,often,alays,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.2) 地点副词:here, there, everyhere, anyhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, belo, don, back, forard, home, upstairs, donstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, aay, on.3) 方式副词:carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, ell, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, armly4) 程度副词:much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.5) 疑问副词:ho, hen, here, hy.6) 关系副词:hen, here, hy.7) 连接副词:therefore,moreover,hoever,otherise,then.。
小学英语语法副词形容词
一、形容词、副词的词形区别形容词=名词+y / ly / ous / ive / fulEg:wind+y=windy;love+ly=lovely;danger+ous=dangerous;expense+ive=expensive;care+ful=careful副词=形容词+lyEg:careful+ly=carefully二、形容词、副词用法区别记忆口诀:形名动副系形副形1、形名——形容词修饰名词Eg:a young girl2、动副——副词修饰动词Eg:run quickly3、系形——系动词后面跟形容词Eg:is lovely4、副形:副词修饰形容词Eg:very good三、形容词如何的排序?有一个房间,有很多的修饰限定词,如何给它们排序?按照如下顺序:美丑-大小-形状-新旧-颜色-国籍-材质-用途记忆口诀:美小圆旧黄,法国木书房A beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room四、形副同形词有哪些?1、Well形容词性意思:身体好的副词性意思:好地2、Fast形容词性意思:快的副词性意思:快地3、Early形容词性意思:早的副词性意思:早早地4、Hard形容词性意思:难的,硬的副词性意思:勤奋地衍生词:Hardly 几乎不5、Late形容词性意思:晚的副词性意思:晚地衍生词:Lately 最近6、Near形容词性意思:近的副词性意思:近地衍生词:Nearly 几乎7、High形容词性意思:高的副词性意思:高地衍生词:Highly 高度地五、比较级和最高级词的比较级和最高级变化规则。
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英语语法——形容词与副词来源:普特英语形容词1.1 什么是形容词形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词,常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
如:a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画modern history现代历史1.2 形容词的用法形容词在句中可用作:1)定语He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。
The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。
2)表语The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人,而且富有教育意义。
I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。
如:Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗?We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。
4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the,变成名词化的形容词,可在句中作主语、宾语等。
如:The young are active.青年人积极好动。
(the young作主语)The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。
(the blind作主语)He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。
(the new作宾语)[注一]上述三例中的the young = the young people,the blind the Blind people,the new the new things.[注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。
1.3 形容词的位置形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。
关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18),但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词,这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。
一般说来,关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词,关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。
如:a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物a simple musical instrument一种简单的乐器a small fierce dark brown animal一种小而凶的深褐色动物(注意dark修饰brown)以上例子中的形容词之间并非并列关系,如第一例中的1arge与wild并非并列,而1arge所修饰的是wild plant。
如表并列关系,形容词之间须用逗号或and。
如:a strong, swift horse一匹又壮又快的马many happy and healthy children很多幸福而健康的儿童a short and militant article一篇简短有力的文章(militant一词较长,放在short之后,这也是英语里安排形容词位置的一种方法。
)形容词的比较等级及其形式英语形容词比较等级(degrees of comparison)一般有两个:即比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree)。
不用比较等级的形容词通常称为原级(positive degree)。
形容词的比较级形式是:"形容词+ 后缀-er "或"单词more + 形容词"。
它的最高级形式是:"形容词+ 后缀-est "或"单词most + 形容词。
[注一] 形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est,自成一个音节,分别读作[E]和[ist]o 如:原级比较级最高级tall [tC:l] taller[5tC:lE] tallest[5tC:list]happy [5hApi] happier[5hApiE] happiest[5hApiist]thin [Win] thinner [5WinE] thinnest [5Winist]fine [fain] finer [5fainE] finest [5fainist][注二]如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r,加-er和-est时,r要发[r]音。
如:near [niE] nearer [5niErE] nearest[5niErist]clear [kliE] clearer[5kliErE] clearest [5kiErist]如果形容词原级词末的发音为[N],在加-er和-est时,[N]音后得加一个[g]音。
如:strong [strCN] stronger [5strCNgE] strongest [5strCNgist]long [lCN] longer [5lCNgE] longest [5lCNgist][注三]有些形容词一般没有比较等级。
如:right, wrong,woolen,wooden.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good好we11好,健康的better bestbad 坏,差worse worstmany 多more mostmuch 多little 小,少1ess 1eastfar 远farther,further farthest,furthest形容词前如加1ess和least,则表示"较不"和"最不"。
如:interesting有趣difficult 难less interesting 较无趣less difficult 较不难least interesting 最无趣leas difficult最不难1.4 形容词比较级的用法比较级用于二者的比较,其结构是:含有形容词比较级的主句+从属连词than 引导的从句(从句中常省去意义上和主句相同的部分)。
如:Li is older than Zhou. 李比周年纪大。
(从句中省去了is old)There are more children in this nursey than in that one.这个托儿所的孩子比那个托儿所多。
(从句中省去了there are children)After two years' physical training,she is healthier and stronger.经过两年的体力锻炼,她(比以前)健康强壮多了。
(注意这里省去了从句than she was)We are much better off than ever before.我们的生活比过去任何时候都要好得多。
(than后省去了we were)Paul weighs less than harry.保尔的体重比哈利轻。
Mary is less clever than Jane.玛丽不如简那么聪明。
[注一]汉语可以说"昆明的气候比兰州好"。
英语必须加that,译为:The climate of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.[注二]英语比较级常译作"较…"、"…一些"等,但不等于汉语的"更…"。
汉语的"更…"须用"still"或"even"来表示如:This book is even more difficult than that one.这本书比那本书更难。
[注三]有些情况下,汉语不用"较"等字眼,英语则须用比较级,如:Will the younger people give their seats to old people?请年轻人把座位让给老年人好不好?1.5 形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于二者以上的比较,其结构一般是:定冠词the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
如:Peter is the oldest boy of them all.彼得是这群男孩中年纪最大的。
(介语短语of them all表示范围)London is the biggest city in Britain,伦敦是英国最大的城市。
(介词短语in Britain表示范围) Mt. Qomolangma is the World's highest peak。
珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。
(注意这里表示范围的是名词所有格the world's)This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。
(that在口语中一般省略,that从句表示范围)[注一]形容词最高级后的名词如果在前面已提过,可省去。
如:This novel is the best (that) I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
[注二]在口语中,形容词最高级也可以用于二者的比较。
如:This is the shortest of the two roads.这是两条路中最近的一条路。
[注三] 形容词最高级用作表语表品质时,其前不用定冠词the。
如:He is happiest when he is working.他工作时最愉快。
副词2.1什么是副词副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
如:often往往,here这里,very很,quickly很快地。
2.2副词的构成1)本身就是副词,如now现在,there那里,rather颇。
2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来,如firmly坚决地,happi1y幸福地。
3)与形容词同形early adj. 早的early adv. 早high adj. 高的high adv. 高高地long adj. 长的,长久的long adv. 长久地2.3副词的种类副词可分为下列几种:1)普通副词(ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well好,seriously认真地,slowly慢,carefully 小心地。
2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如:when何时,where何地,how如何,why为何。
3)关系副词(relative adverb)如:where,when。
4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如:then然后,so所以,there{ore所以,however然而,hence 所以,thus这样,nevertheless然而,otherwise否则,still可是,仍然。