高考定语从句整理
高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法
高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人);that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如:This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词(when, where, why)叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如:I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点,也是历年高考的热点。
高中英语 高考语法易错知识点12.定语从句(考点梳理+易错点)
定语从句知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句(也称形容词性从句),一个句子跟在一个名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词,在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。
一般来说,当先行词是物的时候,两者都可以用,但并不是都通用。
要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。
1.1 易错例题1This is the very book ________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。
认为A/D都正确。
【分析】最佳答案A。
本句是定语从句,先行词为the very book,切忌看到物就直接选which,要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰,关系词只能用that。
【点拨】只能用that的情况有:☆当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none 及some-,any-,no-,every- 与thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。
☆当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
☆当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。
高考定语从句
定语从句1.概念(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)3.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
制性定语从句或用在介词后时,不可。
1.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that & which:在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样。
只用that的情况.①先行词为不定代词时。
②先行词被few, little, any, all, much, only, no, just, very, last等词修饰时。
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
⑤先行词既有人又有物。
⑥如果有两个从句,其中第一个从句的关系代词已用which 或who,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑦主句疑问词是who或which,从句关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。
eg:1.Which is the book that you like best?2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate?⑧主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词指物. eg:There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑨被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .eg:1.The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.2.That's a good book that will help you a lot.⑩被修饰词为数词时.eg:Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .只用which而不宜用that 的情况:①直接放在介词后作介词的宾语.eg:A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.②在非限制性定语从句中.③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .eg:Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.④先行词本身是that, 宜用which .What's that which she is looking at?⑤当关系代词后面带有插入语时.eg:Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑥先行词是those+复数名词.eg:A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.⑦先行词后有后置定语●who & that:who 和that 指代人时,有些情况宜用who,whom, 而不宜用that①先行词为anyone, anybody,someone,everyone, those, all, one, ones, they, he,she, people时.eg:1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once②在There be 结构中和非限制性定语从句中。
高考英语定语从句知识点分析
定语从句考点分析考点一、引导词经典定语从句背诵:1. Yesterday she sold her car, which she bought a month ago.2. All the neighbors admire this family, where the parents are treating their child like a friend.3. The Science Museum, which we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.4. They will fly to Washington, where they plan to stay for two or three days.5.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expected.6. As is well known, paper was first invented by the Chinese.Allen came late to the class again, which made the teacher angry.7. Is this the school where you studied 3 years ago?Is this school the one you visited 3 days ago?8. We will never forget the days (that) we spent together.We will never forget the days when we worked together.9. Occasions are quite rare, when I have time to spend a day with my kids.10. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, above which appeared a rainbow soon.11. We are having our English class in the classroom whose doors face north.We are having our English class in the classroom the doors of which face north.12. His plan was such a good one as we all agreed to accept.13. We are just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.14. The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.15. That is the most exciting moment, one (that) I will never forget.(使用定语从句,必须有先行词,本句中虽然有先行词,但that不可以引导非限制性定语从句,所以that前加one 做moment的同位语)考点二、介词与关系代词连用作介词与关系代词连用的习题时,要看两点:一看先行词前需要什么介词,二看定语从句的谓语动词后需要什么介词。
定语从句历年高考汇总{作文类}
. 定语从句的概念及分类. 关系代词, , , , ,引导的定语从句.关系副词, , 引导的定语从句. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分. 介词的用法打破窗户的男孩叫杰克。
这就是他出生的地方。
“关系词”具有的三种功能:()引导一个定语从句。
()替代“先行词”。
(省去从句中对应的…)()在定语从句中充当成分。
(作主语宾语定语状语)关系代词, , , , ,关系副词, ,介词的用法选择关系代词,还是关系副词首先要判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分:关系代词一般充当主语、宾语。
而关系副词一般充当状语。
指代人,,指代事物,所属关系,指地点介词指时间介词指原因. ’.. ’.....下列情况只用:1.先行词是等不定代词,定语从句用。
..2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,定语从句用。
..3.先行词被修饰时,引导定语从句用。
.... 先行词中既有人又有事物时.) 在疑问词、、开头的句子中,要用。
’.) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用。
..., .., .(封面是蓝色的).()(我爸爸在他的公司工作). ()考点三:引导的定语从句.用于………,中... ()你借给我的书很有趣。
. 有“正如…”之意.,....... ,……(正如多次强调的), ‘’. (湖北高考), (正如所料), .(正如所料), .可以指代整个句子,表示“这、这一点、这一件事。
”, .和在定语从句中都充当主语或宾语,有正如之意,它引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于句首或句末,没有正如之意,所引导的定语从句在句末。
考点:先行词为的定语从句先行词为且定句中不缺少主语或宾语时,通常用或引导( 或可省略)。
如果定从中缺少主语或宾语,则用或。
..考点:定语从句与强调句..考点:定语从句于名词性从句的区别(他以前的样子).()(他以前的样子). ()(我所做的) . () (湖北高考)(我所做的) .()考点: 定语从句中两者都不:两者都:三者都不:三者都:, . 房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识。
高考定语从句知识点归纳
高考定语从句知识点归纳在中学生的学习过程中,高考定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
它是英语语法中的一个重要内容,也是高考中经常考察的题型之一。
了解和掌握高考定语从句的知识点对于学生能够在高考中取得好成绩具有重要意义。
本文将对高考定语从句的知识点进行归纳,帮助大家更好地理解和应用这一知识。
定语从句是一个修饰名词或代词的句子,在句子中充当定语的作用。
它通常由关系词(that、which、who、whom、whose等)引导。
定语从句主要有三种类型:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和倒装定语从句。
首先来看限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是最常见的一种定语从句形式。
它对所修饰的名词或代词进行了限制,使得名词或代词的含义更加明确。
限制性定语从句通常由that、which、who、whom引导。
其中,that主要用于指物,which主要用于指物,who主要用于指人,whom则用于指人作宾语。
限制性定语从句的位置一般是紧跟被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)接下来是非限制性定语从句。
非限制性定语从句用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的解释或补充信息,并且与主句之间使用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词which或关系副词when、where、why引导。
这种定语从句一般用于描述事物的性质、特征或状态。
例如:My sister, who is a teacher, loves children.(我的姐姐是一个教师,她喜欢孩子。
)最后是倒装定语从句。
倒装定语从句位于被修饰的名词或代词之前,整个定语从句都做主语。
通常情况下,倒装定语从句由表地点、方式、原因、目的的状语引导,且常用连词地位的介词+which引导。
例如:In the garden stands a tree, round which we used to play.(花园里有一棵树,我们过去在它旁边玩耍。
高考英语定语从句用法归纳及注意事项大全
高考英语定语从句用法及注意事项一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as注意:thesame…as表示同一类,不同一个thesame…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用andthis来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above, asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theo ne等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时。
高考英语定语从句语法考点归纳总结
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注:固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose:指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语,宾语都用which;关系副词用when或where,也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
高考重难点语法-定语从句的经典归纳
定语从句1.定语从句基本概念定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2.定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as 等。
关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
7.注意事项:2. 定语从句中的主谓一致①定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词决定。
例如:I, who am your good friend, will try my best to help you.②当“one of +复数名词”后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词和复数名词一致,用复数;而“the only one of +复数名词”后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词和the only one一致,用单数。
例如:Susan is one of the students who have won the prize three times.Susan is the only one of the students who has won the prize three times.3. 定语从句中的插入语现象定语从句中的关系词后面有时会加入一些句子作插入语,如I think, I believe, I expect, I guess, I am sure等。
解题时,去掉插入语,会使句子简单化。
例如:Mr Lee made another discovery, which (I think) is very important.4. 通常只用that,不用which, who或whom的情况:①当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, few, much, none等不定代词时。
高考英语定语从句
(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
高考英语复习定语从句
语法复习四:定语从句(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在从句中作介词with的宾语)3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ,可作主语或宾语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ,可作主语或宾语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。
(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)(三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。
1)用that而不用which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;④先行词既有人又有物时。
高考英语一轮复习:定语从句知识整理
高中语法专项定语从句专题思维导图:1. 定义:在复合句中充当定语的从句,即一个句子作定语(=形容词)。
2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语3. 关系副词在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose, as4. 限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词when, where, why定语从句 3. 从句对先行词起修饰限定作用,二者关系密切1. 关系代词who, whom, which, whose, as5. 非限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词when, where, why3. 从句只对先行词起补充说明作用,主从句常用逗号隔开定语从句一定没有what和how,非限制性定语从句一定没有that。
1.关系代词的基本用法2.关系代词that和which的用法区别3.关系代词as和which的用法区别4.关系副词的基本用法5.定语从句的其他用法要点一. 关系代词的基本用法导入:1.He has two sons and both of them are teachers.2.He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.基本用法:注意:(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不可省略。
在定语从句中作宾语时whom/who/which/that可以省略,as一般不省略。
(2)whose可与of which转换。
Whose = the + 名词+ of whichWhose = of which + the + 名词This is the house whose window broke last night.= This is the house, the window of which broke last night.= This is the house, of which the window broke last night.(3)such....as....结构(as引导定语从句)与such....that...结构(that引导状语从句)的区别例句:1.It is such a big stone as no man can lift.2.It is such a big stone that no one can lift it.二. 关系代词that和which的用法区别1.限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句(一):1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句(二):1. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时,只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用which不用that。
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句是高考考试中重要的语法知识点之一。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,限定或说明其特定的属性、特征或身份。
在考试中,经常会出现关于定语从句的题目,需要考生掌握该知识点并正确运用。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,常见的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose;关系副词有:where, when, why。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,通常可省略;而作
宾语或介词宾语时,不可省略。
定语从句的结构分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行限定,如果去掉该定语从句,整个句子的意思会发生改变或不完整;非限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行补充说明,如果去掉该定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
在使用定语从句时,需要注意一些常见的错误。
比如,关系代词的选择错误(如使用which作为人的关系代词),关系代词缺失(如出现两个连续的定语从句,第二个从句中省略关系代词),以及定语从句与先行词的不一致等。
要掌握定语从句的正确使用,需要多进行相关的练习和例句的分析。
培养整体理解句子的能力,了解句子之间的逻辑关系,以便正确判断定语从句的引导词和相应位置。
总之,定语从句是高考英语考试中的重要知识点,掌握好定语
从句的用法和规则,能够在考试中更加准确地理解和完成题目。
通过多做练习和积累例句,进一步加强对定语从句的掌握和运用,提高自己的语言表达能力。
高考英语从句知识点大全
高考英语从句知识点大全在高考英语中,从句是一个重要的知识点,也是考试中经常涉及的题型。
掌握从句的用法和特点,能够在阅读理解、完形填空以及写作等方面发挥重要的作用。
本文将从不同类型的从句,如名词从句、定语从句和状语从句等,为大家总结整理高考英语从句的知识点。
一、名词从句名词从句是指用来充当主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语的从句。
例如:1. 主语从句:What he said yesterday surprised me. (主语从句作主语)2. 宾语从句:She asked me how I was doing. (宾语从句作宾语)3. 表语从句:The problem is whether we should go or not. (表语从句作表语)4. 介词宾语从句:I am working hard for what I want to achieve. (介词宾语从句作介词宾语)二、定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,通常用来说明所修饰的名词的特点、性质或属性。
例如:1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:The book that you borrowed is on my desk. (关系代词that引导的定语从句)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:I will never forget the day when we first met. (关系副词when引导的定语从句)三、状语从句状语从句是用来修饰主句的句子,在句意上对主句起修饰或补充的作用。
常见的状语从句有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句等。
例如:1. 时间状语从句:I will call you as soon as I finish my homework. (时间状语从句)2. 条件状语从句:If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. (条件状语从句)3. 结果状语从句:He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. (结果状语从句)四、其他类型的从句除了名词从句、定语从句和状语从句之外,高考英语还会涉及其他类型的从句,如目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句等。
高考英语语法突破-定语从句知识梳理
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.(=This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.)
(二)【基础过关】
The finished result features an-inch-and-a-half tall people in normal dress and historic and fantastic figures like pirates, a caveman, and cowboys. Wally is pictured with his distinctive glasses, red and white striped top and blue trousers standing behind three women in bathing costumes. Mosley said, “People will be able to look at my back and have fun searching around for Wally.”
The school in which he once studied is very famous.(=The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.)
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked. (=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.)
高考英语定语从句精讲
高考英语定语从句精讲定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表1.关系代词的用法(1)who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。
作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She wasthe one who did most of the talking。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party.我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom可用who 代替) whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
(句中的whom不能用who 代替)(2)whose的用法whose可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
高考英语定语从句100句
高考英语定语从句100句1. The man who talked to you just now is an engineer. 刚才和你说话的那个人是一位工程师。
2. This kind of book is for children whose native language is Chinese. 这种书是供母语是汉语的儿童看的。
3. I enjoyed the evening that we spent together by the sea. 我们一起在海边度过的那个晚上,我过得很愉快。
4. Here is the pen that you lost the day before yesterday. 这是你前天丢失的那支笔。
5. He is the person I met in the park yesterday. 他就是我昨天在公园里遇到的那个人。
6. The book you need is sold out. 你需要的那本书售完了。
7. The lady who came to our class is from Australia. 那位来过我们班的女士来自澳大利亚。
8. The man who shook hands with our teacher just now is Li Lei’s father. 刚才和我们老师握手的那个人是李雷的父亲。
9. I’ll never forget the summer holiday I spent with you. 我将不会忘记和你一起过的那个暑假。
10. She is one of the students in our class who are good at English. 她是我们班上英语很好的学生之一。
11. He’s the only one of my friends who comes from a foreign country. 他是我唯一一个来自外国的朋友。
定语从句 高考英语考点-语法-词汇复习资料
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和
②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;
②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them。
定语从句
与
状语从句
定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
注意:the way做先行词时,定语从句可由that, in which引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别
类别
区别
例句
定语从句
与
并列句
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer.
2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句
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定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
即使用一句话充当定语。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
(定语从句修饰先行词he)B.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中,whom可省略或可用who来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whom/who)we like and others (whom/who) we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。
The people whom/who I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。
(定语从句修饰先行词the people)Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
(非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom)Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。
(在介词后面不用who)C.whose 通常指人(的),也可指物(的),在定语从句中做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。
(定语从句修饰先行词people)I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。
(定语从句修饰行词trees)D.which 1.指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。
(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)This is a folk song which is now very popular. 这是目前非常流行的一首民谣(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。
(which在定语从句中作主语,不能省略)The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。
(关系代词which作makes的宾语,可以省略) 2.which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句,相当于and this。
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。
(定语从句修饰的是整个主句)Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会,真遗憾。
(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是the party)3.which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期,在此期间我们一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.周末可能下雪,在这种情况下,我们就不去北京了。
E.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语(做宾语时常可省略)。
He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
(定语从句修饰先行词the man,作主语)I don't like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
(定语从句修饰先行词stories,作主语)The dress (that) Ann bought doesn't fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。
(定语从句修饰先行词the dress,that作宾语可省略)Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗?(定语从句修饰先行词anything,that作宾语,可省略)F.其他关系代词as 和but也可作关系代词,引导定语从句。
1.as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。
①在限制性定语从句中,as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人,都会深受感动。
(as在定语从句中作heard的主语)I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。
(as在定语从句中作tell的宾语)比较:在the same…as结构中,as也可用that代替。
但严格地说,the same as强调相同,the same that注重同一。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。
(as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。
(that指的是与先行词同一事物)②在非限制性定语从句中,as可代表主句整个句子,引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,一般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知,台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人,这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
必背:一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首,已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all 这是众所周知的as has been said before 如前所说as is often the case 情况常常如此as may be imagined 这可以想象得出as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样as often happens 这种情况常常发生2.But but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句,同具有否定意思的主句连用,相当于that not, who not或which not。
There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more. 我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。
(but = who not )There are very few but are against war 很少人不反对战争。
(but = who not)G.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned. = He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人,从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which /that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
The manager in whose/company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
2.介词+关系代词的常见结构①介词+which/whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. 很幸运,我们带了一张地图,如没有的话,我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which/whomPlease pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。