必修3第4单元测试题答题卡

合集下载

(人教版)高中英语必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试试卷02及答案

Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AIt's 2035. You have a job, a family and you're about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life.Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you're 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You're not even middle-aged!As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that!” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码)on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space?” you ask your son and daughter. In 2015 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor says you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain special vaccines. With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your enewspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.1. What changes the color of your shirt?A. The mirror.B. The preprogrammed electronics.C. The sunlight.D. The medicine.2. How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the________ breakfast cereal?A. By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.B. By getting the doctor's advice.C. By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.D. By checking the nutrition details of the food.3. The strawberries the children eat serve as ________.A. breakfastB. lunchC. vaccinesD. nutrition4. How is the text organized?A. In order of time.B. In order of space.C. In order of preference.D. In order of importance.B“Siri, what's the weather like in San Francisco?”“Today's forecast for San Antonio is...”“No. San FRANCISCO !!”“The tapper Sisqo was born in Baltimore, Maryland.”Sometimes, talking to an artificially intelligent robot is, well, not so intelligent.Yohav Shoham, the Stanford computer science professor, said, “AI has made truly amazing progress in the past decade, but computers still can't exhibit the common sense or the general intelligence of even a 5-year-old.” Yann LeCun, a French scientist, put it more simply. “We're very far from having machines that can learn the most basic things about the world in the way humans and animals can do. In particular areas machines have superhuman performance, but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat,” he explained.Oren Etzioni, an Israeli scientist, said, “There's a brand of science fiction(小说) that's very dystopian(反面乌托邦的). These works of fiction talk about how the world is going to get much worse. I'm too much of an optimist (乐观者)to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”However, robots are becoming smarter. Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent when we place devices (设备) like the Amazon Echo and Google Home on our kitchen counter. But, at least for the moment anyway, we shouldn't feel intimidated by this artificial intelligence.There are robots that move like animals and robots that offer guidance. There's even a robot that can paint a picture of Einstein and a robot that can fold your laundry. Robots are not taking over the world yet. So for now, we can simply sit back and relax. And have a robot waiter pour us a drink.5. What does the dialogue at the beginning of the text tell us?A. Robots aren't as smart as we expect.B. It isn't easy to forecast the weather correctly.C. A speaker may be misunderstood by another.D. Weather is a good subject to start a conversation.6. What do the scientists think about the artificially intelligent robots now?A. They have superhuman performance in kitchen tasks.B. They have the common sense of a 5yearold.C. They can only learn the basic things of humans.D. They are still poor at general intelligence.7. How did Oren find the dystopian science fiction?A. Pleasant.B. Typical.C. Realistic.D. Controversial.8. What does the underlined word “intimidated” mean?A. Comforted.B．Astonished.C. ThreatenedD. Disappointed.CMy husband and I recently went to Disney World with our children and grandchildren. Our grandchildren were excited about the attraction where they can drive the cars. Since our party was uneven in numbers and two people fit in each car, I sat out that one and headed down to take pictures of them.As I waited for them to drive by, I noticed a car with a father and his son who looked to be about 7. They rolled down the hill, and then as they neared where I sat, the car shook a few times and then stopped.The young driver looked frightened, “I can't do it.”His father quietly said, “Yes, you can.”“No, I can't!”“Yes, you can.”The little boy was almost in tears, “I CAN'T!”With deep patience, the father said, “Son, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”Then he talked him through starting the car. And moments later with the father helping his son, the two went smoothly on their way down the track.The scene brought tears to my eyes because I couldn't imagine how many times my father had to do that with me. Every time things got hard or when I had failures along the way, I'd say, “I can't do it.” He'd reply, “You can.” Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey. And just like that little boy's dad, my sweet father would say, “Michelle, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”That's where the true strength comes in. I can't do things under my own power, but when my father comes beside me and provides wisdom(智慧) and strength, there's no way I can fail.9. Why didn't the author join others in driving the cars?A. Her family could drive except her.B. Her family fit in the cars without her.C. She was attracted by something else.D. She wanted to take photos of her family.10. What made the 7yearold son frightened?A. He got the car to leave the track.B. He failed to drive the car well.C. He rolled too fast down the way.D. He just couldn't get the car started.11. How did the father help his son?A. By forcing him to drive bravely.B. By praising him for his efforts.C. By encouraging him patiently.D. By starting the car himself.12. What's the author's tone in writing the text?A. Confused.B. Humorous.C. Concerned.D. Grateful.DEvery year you collect a large amount of junk. Think about Christmas presents, birthday presents and holiday souvenirs, and the list goes on. Where does it all end up? Well, if you don't throw it out, it goes to the basement(地下室).However, things with huge amounts of value might be buried in those unwanted gifts. Perhaps there's a beautiful crystal boat in a bottle that was made just long enough ago to be worth a large amount of money. Or, maybe it's an old board game that was never used and has now become a collectable. Yes, these items can be your ticket to a hidden treasure, and all you need to do is go hunting.Once you find the items, you'll probably be wondering how to sell them. Most people choose the standard yard sale and this, of course, is a mistake. You won't find the collectors by this type of sale. Instead, you need to reach the widest audience possible. The answer? eBay.With eBay, you can gain a large amount of attention, start an auction(拍卖) and get selling. Of course, before you can do this, you have to set yourself up as a trusted seller. You can do that quite simply by buying a few small, cheap items first. This will raise the rating(等级) of your little online shop. After that, you should have no trouble at all attracting buyers.Of course, this can just be the beginning. Once you know how to sell things online, you can start making a lot more money by investing and reselling. It's a great choice for a second income.13. According to the text, the gifts we get every year ________.A. are a waste of moneyB. can be valuable sometimesC. should go to yard salesD. should be kept in a safe place14. Why does the author suggest selling your things on eBay?A. It's designed for collectors.B. It follows official standards.C. It has a much larger audience.D. It seldom makes any mistakes.15. What do you have to do before selling things on eBay?A. Gain public attention.B. Buy some expensive things.C. Attend several local auctions.D. Raise your shop's credit rating.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

(外研版)高中英语必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试试卷02及答案

Unit 4 Amazing art 单元测试一、听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

( )1. Where are the speakers?A. In a restaurant.B. In a hospital.C. In a hotel.( )2. What is the woman worried about?A. Her age.B. Her looks.C. Her job.( )3. What is the man doing?A. Welcoming the passengers on the flight.B. Giving the pilot a lesson about safe landing.C. Giving a warning message to the passengers.( )4. What kind of transportation does the man prefer?A. Private vehicle.B. Taxi.C. Subway.( )5. How does the man feel about his new community?A. Satisfied.B. Disappointed.C. General.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

( )6. What makes the woman so angry?A. Her roommate’s making loud noises at midnight.B. Her roommate’s turning down her advice.C. Her roommate’s making rude remarks behind her back.( )7. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Complain it to the manager.B. Tell the manager to fire her.C. Make a heart-to-heart chat.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

人教版高中英语必修三 Unit4 Astronomy： the science of the stars单元测试卷(二) Word版含答案

2018-2019学年高一下学期训练卷必修三Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars英语（一）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. __________ he lost the bike worried him a lot.2. We promise __________ attends the party, a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.3. Respect their expertise and follow their advice _________ (religion).4. The village people were worried about the water in the river, on which leaves as well as waste wood ________ (float) on the water.5. __________ (bring) up in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.6. She observe d a man______ (break) into the bank and she reported it to the police at once.7. They lost their way in the forest and __________ made matters worse was __________ night began to fall. 8. The destruction of such species could prevent researchers________ (find) cures for certain diseases.9. A good habit __________ to good health. We must keep a healthy body so that we can make __________ to our country. (contribute)10. It is of great __________ (important) for college students to master a foreign language.二、单句改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）11. A violence storm struck our town and caused serious damage yesterday.________________ 12. They lay the cups on the table and sat down.________________ 13. We don’t do anything that will be harmful for peace.________________ 14. Don’t worry —— I’m sure things will get better on time.________________ 15. Everything was perfect for the picnic as well the weather.________________ 16. The school kept my mother from waiting at the school gate for an hour.________________ 17. The room isn’t big enough to hold so much people.________________ 18. The box is five times as bigger as that one.________________ 19. That surprised me most was that Mary spoke Chinese just like a native speaker. ________________ 20. They are so interesting books that I want to read them once more.此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号________________三、阅读理解（共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分）AThe earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while the other planets don't ？For one thing ，the earth is just the right temperature. As the third planet from the sun ，the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake(烘烤)in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls.When the earth developed ——which scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago ——many gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars (火星). Mars is smaller than the earth ，and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days ，the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special spacesuit ，you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe ，because the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.Mars has the largest volcano(火山) in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected(未预料到的) sight on Mars is dried-up river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than itis now. Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars ？Scientists are not sure ，but there has been no sign so far.21. Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life? A. The earth is just the right temperature.B. The volcanoes on the earth are lower than those on Mars.C. There is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth.D. The earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun.22. The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to_______. A. the Sun B. the Moon C. the EarthD. the Mars23. Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true? A. There could have been living things on Mars. B. Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system. C. There is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars.D. Mars is smaller than the earth ，and it is quite a bit cooler.BDamage to Ozone layer Gets WorseIn the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more d angerous than once thought.A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet （紫外线） radiation, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data(数据) from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over areas other than Antarctica. Low ozone levels were recorded in the spring and summer over the United States and over other populated areas in the world.Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to advance the timetable for a total ban(禁止) of the chemicals.24. The scientists have observed the ozone layer ________.A. since 1980B. since last winterC. for more than 20 yearsD. for about one year25. The ozone layer in the atmosphere can ________.A. do a lot of good to human beings in many ways.B. protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather.C. do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time.D. protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation.26. Scientists first found that there was a hole in the ozone layer ________.A. above Arctic during the winter in the mid-1980sB. above Antarctica during the winter in the mid-1980sC. over somewhere in the north of the equator in 1980D. over the U.S.A in the summertime in the mid-1980s27. The damage to the ozone layer was caused by ________.A. the changeable weatherB. ozone-destroying chemicalsC. chemicals from refrigeratorsD. chemicals from air conditioners四、课文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）No one knows ___28__ (exact) how the earth began, as it ___29__ (happen) so long ago. However, according to a widely __30__ (accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all ___31__ (direction). After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, t he earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into __32__ solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear __33__ the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time __34___ (produce) carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. ___35_ is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve __36__ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made __37__ possible for life to develop.五、书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，最近从报纸上得知2017年敦煌文博会“Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo” 将于9月举行，组委会现面向全社会招募志愿者，要求英语口语流利，了解丝路文化及国外习俗等。

(外研版)高中英语必修第三册Unit4单元测试03含答案解析

加油！有志者事竟成答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。

２、拿到试卷不要提笔就写，先大致的浏览一遍，有多少大题，每个大题里有几个小题，有什么题型，哪些容易，哪些难，做到心里有底；３、审题，每个题目都要多读几遍，不仅要读大题，还要读小题，不放过每一个字，遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目，手指点读，多读几遍题目，就能理解题意了；容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍，比如从小到大，从左到右这样的题；４、每个题目做完了以后，把自己的手从试卷上完全移开，好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题；试卷第１页和第２页上下衔接的地方一定要注意，仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题；５、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题，注意安排好时间，先把后面会做的做完，再来重新读题，结合平时课堂上所学的知识，解答难题；一定要镇定，不能因此慌了手脚，影响下面的答题；６、卷面要清洁，字迹要清工整，非常重要；７、做完的试卷要检查，这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题，检查的时候，用手指点读题目，不要管自己的答案，重新分析题意，所有计算题重新计算，判断题重新判断，填空题重新填空，之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。

亲爱的朋友，你们好!经过两个月的学习，你们一定有不小的收获吧，用你的自信和智慧，认真答题，相信你一定会闯关成功。

相信你是最棒的！Unit 4 Amazing art 单元测试一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AVenice Film FestivalThe Venice Film Festival takes place every year in late August or early September on the Lido in the historic Palazzo del Cinema, in Venice, Italy. Its main award is the “Leone d’Oro” (Golden Lion). Recently, a new award has been added, the San Marco Award for the best film.Academy AwardsThe Academy Awards are the most prominent (杰出的) film awards in the United States. The awards are granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy Awards are nicknamed “Oscars”, which is also the nickname of the statuette (小雕像). The name is said to have been born when Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said, “It looks just like my uncle Oscar!”Berlin International Film FestivalThe Berlin International Film Festival is one of the “A” festivals in Europe. The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the “Berlinale”, is held annually in February and started in 1951 after an initiative of the American, who occupied part of the city after World War Ⅱ. The jury (专家评奖团) always placed special emphasis on representing films from all over the world, from the former Eastern Bloc (集团) Countries as well as from Western countries. The awards are called Golden and Silver Bears (as the bear is the symbol of Berlin).Cannes Film FestivalThe Cannes Film Festival is a famous international film festival. It has been held annually in Cannes, in the south of France, since 1946 with a few exceptions. Given massive media exposure, the Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the world. The most famous award given out at Cannes is the “Palmed’Or” (Golden Palm) for the best film; this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year.( )1. Which award can be shared by multiple films in one year?A. Golden Lion.B. Golden Palm.C. Academy Awards.D. San Marco Award.( )2. Which of the following statements about “Oscars” is NOT true?A. It’s the nickname of Academy Awards.B. It’s also the nickname of the statuette.C. It got its name because Margaret said the statuette looked like his uncle.D. It’s an award in France.( )3. Why are the awards for Berlin International Film Festival called “Golden and Silver Bears”?A. They look like bears.B. They are made up of bear fur.C. The bear is the symbol of Berlin.D. The bear is rare in Berlin.BCharles Bridge is a 14th century stone bridge linking the two sides of Prague. This grand bridge is one of the city’s finest attractions, and is the main route connecting the Old Town with the Lesser Town and Prague Castle.From Charles Bridge visitors enjoy fairytale views of the Prague skyline. The wide river, with beautiful buildings on both sides, flows below it. Prague Castle towers above not far away. Here you are truly in the centre of the city.Charles Bridge is full of people during the day. Street artists paint and musicians play here and there. If you are travelling there, look out for the jazz band, which is especially entertaining. But for a truly romantic and less crowded walk, try the early morning or any time in the evening. There are not so many people in the early morning or in the evening. That way you can take a relaxing walk.King Charles Ⅳ arranged to build the bridge. The foundation stone was laid in 1357. Charles Ⅳ’s favourite architect and builder, Peter Parler, watched over most of the work. The first idea was to build a bridge for knight tournaments (锦标赛), and for many years the only decoration on the bridge was a simple cross. Later, the Catholic desire for beautiful designs resulted in 30 statues (雕塑) being erected between 1,600 and 1,800.There are now 75 statues on Charles Bridge, but most are copies, as floods and other natural disasters over the centuries damaged the original ones. Perhaps the most interesting, as well as the oldest, is that of John of Nepomuk. It is the 8th from the right as you cross towards Prague Castle.The entrance to Charles Bridge is marked at both ends by towers: the Old Town Bridge Tower and the Mala Strana Bridge Tower.( )4. What do we know about Charles Bridge?A. It is not a good place to enjoy the Prague skyline.B. It is the most famous attraction in Prague.C. It was built in the early 14th century.D. It is located in the center of the city.( )5. What does the underlined word “erected” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Damaged.B. Copied.C. Bought.D. Built.( )6. From Paragraph 5, we know John of Nepomuk is the name of ________.A. Charles Bridge’s builderB. the oldest statue on Charles BridgeC. a tower at the end of Charles BridgeD. a famous building near Charles Bridge( )7. What is this passage mainly about?A. An introduction of Charles Bridge in Prague.B. The builder of Charles Bridge in Prague.C. The history of Charles Bridge in Prague.D. The finest attractions in Prague.CA new program encouraging children ages 9 to 12 to get interested in computers, math and science starts next week at all 36 libraries of the San Diego Public Library.Called “Spring into STEAM”, the program will offer workshops in March, April and May. It begins on March 2.“We know that science education is so important now, and technology is changing so fast,” said Misty Jones, library director. “We see this as a way to bring kids new ideas and help them know more about the world around them.”STEAM stands for science, technology, engineering, art and math, and there will be workshops in each area. This year’s theme (主题) is “Bug Out!” so the science workshop will invite insect (昆虫) experts to explain the survival skills of insects. The engineering workshop will watch bees as builders. For math, the kids will learn spatial geometry (空间几何学) by making 3D paper insects. Kids in other workshops will learn computer coding, create a light using a glass bottle, or build insects using pipe cleaners and LED lights.Jones said she’s also excited about the chance for children to take part in the International Barcode of Life Project, which is trying to create a digital catalog (电子目录) of different kinds of insects on Earth. Kids in San Diego can ask for free insect collection tools at their local libraries beginning on March 2. Insects they collect can then be sent in for DNA identification (鉴定).Jones said it is unusual for every library to start the same program at the same time. “It’s something we’ve been trying to do, and I think it's just the beginning of the chances we will be able to offer,” she said.( )8. What do we know about “Spring into STEAM”?A. It is open to kids of all ages.B. It lasts for at least four months.C. It helps kids learn more about themselves.D. It is held by the San Diego Public Library.( )9. What will kids learn from the engineering workshop this year?A. How LED lights work.B. How bees build their home.C. How to make 3D paper bees.D. How to create a light using a glass bottle.( )10. What will kids do for the International Barcode of Life Project?A. Collect insects.B. Take DNA tests.C. Create a digital catalog.D. Make insect collection tools.( )11. What can we infer from what Jones said in the last paragraph?A. The program will continue.B. The program should last much longer.C. The program will have different themes.D. The program should be held by different libraries.DFirst aid means the aid or the help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first we should do, if a serious accident happens, is to call for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someone’s life.Shock. People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.Broken bones. Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once.Bleeding. A little bleeding doesn’t harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives.Poison. A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient throw up by pressing your fingers down his throat.Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him.( )12. How many common accidents are mentioned in this passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.( )13. If someone goes into shock after receiving an injury, you’ll find that ________.A. the face turns greyB. the skin becomes damp and coldC. the patient breathes quicklyD. All of the above.( )14. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?A. First aid means to give an injured person necessary help at once before the doctor comes.B. If an injured person goes into shock, we must try to keep him or her warm.C. Don’t move the injured person if he has broken his legs.D. When a person has taken poison, we must make him throw up.( )15. The passage mainly tells us ________.A. some advice on how to deal with common accidentsB. some facts about some common accidentsC. some examples of common accidentsD. something we must remember二、阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Why Is Exercise Cool?Exercise Strengthens MusclesDid you ever do a pushup or swing across the monkey bars at the playground? 16 By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them stronger. For older teens and adults, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, too.17Can you touch your toes easily without yelling ouch? Most kids are pretty flexible, which means that they can bend and stretch their bodies without much trouble. Being flexible is having “full range of motion”, which means you can move your arms and legs freely without feeling tightness or pain.Exercise Keeps the Balance18 Your body needs a certain amount of calories every day just to function, breathe, walk around, and do all the basic stuff. 19 If you're not very active, your body won't need as many calories.Whatever your calorie need is, if you eat enough to meet that need, your body weight will stay the same. If you eat more calories than your body needs, they may be stored as extra fat.Exercise Makes You Feel GoodIt feels good to have a strong, flexible body that can do all the activities you enjoy—like running, jumping, and playing with your friends. It’s also fun to be good at something, like scoring a basket, hitting a home run, or perfecting a dive.But you may not know that exercising can actually put you in a better mood. 20 It's just another reason why exercise is cool!A. So you want to do some aerobic (有氧的) exercise right now.B. Food gives your body fuel in the form of calories, which are a kind of energy.C. When you exercise, your brain releases a chemical, which may make you feel happier.D. Those are exercises that can build strength.E. Exercise Makes You FlexibleF. Exercise Makes Your Heart HappyG. But if you’re active, your body needs an extra measure of calories or energy.三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)There’s a tiny town called Waterford in Eastern Ohio. Every other year something very 21 happens there—a custom that turns an entire town into one big 22 . These days, apple butter is still cooked onsite in the 23 method, stirred (搅拌) for hours in huge kettles over open fires.Making apple butter isn’t 24 , but it has to be done right. The fire can’t be too hot, or too cool. You can’tstir too fast, or too slow. And above all, the stir stick can never 25 . It’s all about getting people together.Strangers are welcomed and passersby are waved over to the stir for a 26 .Young, a fifthgrade teacher 27 times when Apple Butter Weekend was just her, hermother, and her grandmother. These days they’ll 28 forty people or more, cooking up100 pints (品脱) at a time. Most gets divided up among the family, but plenty 29 infridges across Waterford and beyond.“We don’t 30 it,” said Young. But, she said, “if you ask, you’re going to get it.”The family has faced many challenges over the years, 31 13 times during the 1960s. But wherever they've lived, her parents always made friends the 32 way they make apple butter: by doing the little things the right way, paying attention at every moment.“They’ve done everything in 33 steps,” Young said. “I always say, my mom and dad have huge ears. They just 34 . They aren't quick to judge, they aren’t quick to decide anything. They’ve made a life of working on 35 .”So Apple Butter Weekend in Waterford isn’t just about the apple butter.( )21. A. special B. serious C. rare D. strict( )22. A. city B. family C. organization D. club( )23. A. typical B. effective C. funny D. traditional ( )24. A. expensive B. complicated C. common D. popular( )25. A. bend B. stop C. fall D. roll( )26. A. taste B. toast C. turn D. dance( )27. A. notices B. expects C. spends D. remembers ( )28. A. choose B. draw C. help D. find( )29. A. runs out B. grows up C. ends up D. breaks down ( )30. A. exchange B. share C. store D. sell( )31. A. abandoning B. failing C. moving D. fighting( )32. A. easy B. smart C. best D. same( )33. A. small B. correct C. similar D. unusual( )34. A. enjoy B. listen C. wait D. play( )35. A. spirits B. manners C. friendships D. feelings四、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Recently it has been observed that more and more people are switching to organic vegetables and fruits. They are 36. ________ (nature) and safe for the human body to consume. Organic farming 37. ________ (increase) and evolved in a large way due to this large demand by now. Farmers are getting better at the art of growing organic vegetables and there are many 38. ________ (help) tips that they share with other members of the organic farming circle. If you are a gardener and are 39. ________ (interest) in growing organic vegetables, 40. ________ is wise tobe aware of these tips and choose the best organic garden tip that helps 41. ________ (you) garden to produce healthy and better vegetables.One helpful organic garden tip that 42. ________ (work) well for all farmers is to make your own fertilizer. This is 43. ________ kind of fertilizer made of dry leaves, fruit peelings and kitchen food disposables. These materials are buried underground and kept there 44. ________ some time. With fermentation (发酵) taking place, the soil becomes richer with nutrients. This means you get a fertilizer that does not have chemicals at all. This fertilizer enhances the soil and so the vegetables and fruits are 45. ________ (healthy) and better.五、写作(满分40分)第一节(满分15分)戏曲是中华文明的一个重要组成部分，是我国传统文化的代表之一。

2023-2024学年高中生物人教版必修3第4章种群和群落单元测试(含答案解析)

2023-2024学年人教版高中生物单元测试学校 __________ 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________注意事项1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;一、选择题（本大题共计20小题每题3分共计60分）1.温带湖泊中的硅藻每年有春秋两次密度高峰出现典型的季节变化如图所示下列分析错误的是（）A. 一年内硅藻的种群数量呈“S”型增长B. 硅藻的数量变化受光照、温度等因素影响C. 温度过低或过高都会影响硅藻的种群数量D. A、B点时硅藻种群的出生率等于死亡率【答案】A【解析】2.正布氏田鼠为某草原地区的主要害鼠其对草场造成的危害大小与其种群密度直接相关一科研小组对新迁入某农场的正布氏田鼠进行了长期追踪调查并绘制了如图所示的曲线图下列分析正确的是（）A. 用标志重捕法调查该农场正布氏田鼠的种群密度由于该鼠被捕一次后会更难捕捉因此正布氏田鼠的实际种群密度往往比调查结果偏小B. 正布氏田鼠种群迁入该农场后增长情况应为图中虚线所示C. 图中D点时正布氏田鼠种群的年龄组成是稳定型其出生率小于C点D. 此图也可用于指导海洋鱼类的捕捞最好把每次捕捞后的数量控制在图中C点因为此时种群的增长率最大【答案】【解析】3.下列不属于生态演替的是（）A. 人们在地震后的废墟上重建家园B. 湖泊因泥沙淤积而成沼泽长出植物C. 弃耕的农田逐渐长出杂草D. 过量砍伐的森林重新长出林木【答案】A【解析】解 A.人们在地震后的废墟上重建家园属于人类行为不属于演替 A符合题意B.湖泊因泥沙淤积而成沼泽长出植物属于次生演替 B不符合题意C.弃耕后的农田保留着较好的土壤条件并且存在植物的种子等此处发生的演替属于次生演替 C不符合题意D.过量砍伐的森林重新长出林木属于次生演替 D不符合题意故选 A4.下列实例中属于生物群落的是（）A. 海洋中的全部鱼B. 一片草地里的跳蚤和蝗虫C. 一棵枯树和其上的苔藓、真菌、昆虫、蜗牛等D. 一个池塘中的藻类、鱼类、细菌、蚌、水生昆虫等全部生物【答案】D【解析】A、群落包括一定自然区域内的全部生物海洋中除了鱼还有其他生物因此海洋中的全部鱼不能称为生物群落 A错误B、一片草地里除了跳蚤和蝗虫还有其他生物因此一片草地里的跳蚤和蝗虫不能称为生物群落 B错误C、一棵枯树和其上的苔藓、真菌、昆虫、蜗牛等即包含了无机环境又包含了各种生物属于生态系统 C错误D、一个池塘的藻类、细菌、蚌、水生昆虫等全部生物构成了生物群落 D正确5.下列关于森林群落的叙述错误的是（）A. 碳可在森林群落和无机环境之间进行循环B. 森林群落在垂直方向上具有明显的分层现象C. 互利共生、捕食和竞争等可以出现在森林群落中D. 群落中植物放出的\ O_2只被动物及微生物利用【答案】D【解析】解 A.碳可在森林群落和无机环境之间以二氧化碳形式进行循环 A正确B.森林群落在垂直方向上具有明显的分层现象 B正确C.森林群落中具有多种种间关系不同生物可形成互利共生、捕食和竞争等关系 C正确D.群落中植物放出的 O_2可被动物、植物及微生物的呼吸作用利用 D错误故选 D6.某岛屿上生活着一种动物其种群数量多年维持相对稳定该动物个体从出生到性成熟需要6个月如图为某年该动物种群在不同月份的年龄结构（年龄组成）（每月最后一天统计种群各年龄组的个体数）关于该种群的叙述错误的是（）A. 该种群10月份的出生率可能为零B. 天敌的迁入可影响该种群的年龄组成C. 该种群的年龄组成随着季节更替而变化D. 大量诱杀雄性个体不会影响该种群的密度【答案】D【解析】解 A.分析柱形图可知未成熟个体从2月底到6月逐渐增多从6月到12月逐渐减少 12月底变为0 而该动物个体从出生到性成熟需要6个月因此该种群幼体出生时间大概为2月底到6月到12月都成熟 10月份出生率可能为0 A正确B.引入的天敌可能对不同年龄段的个体捕食具有选择性从而影响该种群的年龄结构 B 正确C.由题图可知该种群的年龄结构随着季节更替而变化 C正确D.大量诱杀某种动物的雄性个体会导致性别比例的失调进而使出生率明显降低使种群的密度减小 D错误故选 D7.下列有关种群和群落的叙述正确的有几项（）①某种玉米长得有高有低并不能反映群落的垂直结构②田鼠在被捉过一次后更难捕捉统计得到的种群密度比实际数值偏低③“森林→灌丛→草本→荒漠”也是群落的一种演替类型④蝌蚪密度过大时成年蝌蚪分泌有毒物质杀死幼年蝌蚪属于竞争关系⑤被大火焚烧过的森林在恢复过程中所发生的演替是初生演替⑥记名计算法一般用于统计个体较大和种群数量有限的群落的丰富度A. 2项B. 3项C. 4项D. 5项【答案】B【解析】解①某种玉米长得有高有低只是一种生物并不能反映群落的垂直结构①正确②标志重捕法的计算公式种群中的个体数=第一次捕获数x第二次捕获数+标志后重新捕获数田鼠在被捉过一次后更难捕捉标志后重新捕获数减少统计得到的种群密度比实际数值偏高②错误③“森林→灌丛→草本→荒漠”也是群落的一种演替类型有可能在干旱的条件下发生的③正确④蝌蚪密度过大时成年蝌蚪分泌有毒物质杀死幼年蝌蚪属于种内斗争关系④错误⑤被大火焚烧过的森林在恢复过程中所发生的演替是次生演替⑤错误⑥记名计算法一般用于统计个体较大和种群数量有限的群落的丰富度⑥正确综上所述 B正确故选 B8.生态系统的物质循环带有全球性并且时时刻刻发生在我们身边下列有关碳循环的叙述不正确的是（）A. 生产者合成的含碳有机物能被消费者利用实现了碳向动物体内的流动B. 人类活动大量利用煤、石油等化石燃料打破了生物圈中碳循环的平衡C. 微生物对各营养级水平含碳有机物的分解作用是实现碳循环的关键环节D. 碳在生物群落和无机环境之间是以CO_2和含碳有机物的形式进行循环的【答案】D【解析】A、生产者合成的含碳有机物能被消费者利用实现了碳向动物体内的流动 A 正确B、人类活动大量利用煤、石油等化石燃料使大气中 CO_2含量增加打破了生物圈中碳循环的平衡 B正确C、微生物对各营养级水平含碳有机物的分解作用使碳从生物群落进入无机环境是实现碳循环的关键环节 C正确D、碳在生物群落和无机环境之间是以 CO_2形式进行循环的在生物群落内部是以含碳有机物的形式流动 D错误故选D.9.如图表示某草原生态系统部分生物关系示意图下列有关说法正确的是（）A. 一般认为食物网越复杂生态系统抵抗外界干扰的能力就越强B. 该图缺少生态系统组成成分中的分解者、非生物的物质C. 若青蛙突然减少理论上兔和食草鸟的数量将增加D. 若食物链的第一营养级生物减少则第二及以后营养级的相关生物不一定会减少【答案】A【解析】解 A.一般认为食物网越复杂生态系统抵抗外界干扰的能力就越强 A正确B.该图缺少生态系统组成成分中的分解者、非生物的物质和能量 B错误C.若青蛙突然减少理论上鹰的数量将增加因为鹰的营养级由第三、五营养级变为主要是第三营养级兔和食草鸟的数量将减少 C错误D.若食物链的第一营养级生物减少则第二营养级及以后营养级的相关生物都会减少 D 错误故选 A10.长白山北坡从山麓到山顶依次出现针阔叶混交林、针叶林、岳桦林和高山冻原针阔叶混交林中的乔木层有红松、红皮云杉、白桦等多种植物在林冠层生活着小杜鹃、大杜鹃、黑枕黄鹂等鸟类下列分析错误的是（）A. 从山麓到山顶依次出现不同的森林类型是群落的垂直结构B. 针阔叶混交林中的红松和红皮云杉间存在竞争关系C. 针阔叶混交林物种丰富度大植物分层更复杂提高了光能利用率D. 森林中鸟类的垂直分层取决于栖息空间和食物条件【答案】A【解析】解 A.从山麓到山顶依次出现不同的森林类型属于群落的水平结构 A错误B.针阔混交林中的红松和红皮云杉都是高大乔木会竞争光照和无机盐等资源是种间竞争的关系 B正确C.针叶林与针阔叶混交林中针阔叶混交林物种更丰富分层更多对光能的利用率提高 C 正确D.林中鸟类的垂直分层现象主要与栖息空间和食物有关 D正确故选 A11.在由裸岩向森林的原生演替过程中不同群落阶段延续时间不同地衣和苔藓植物群落延续的时间最长草本植物群落演替速度最快木本植物群落演替的速度又逐渐减慢下列有关叙述错误的是（）A. 地衣和苔藓植物群落演替速度最慢是因为土壤的形成和积累需要漫长的时间B. 在草本植物群落演替过程中多年生植物逐渐取代了一年生或二年生植物C. 木本植物群落演替速度较慢是因为木本植物生长周期较长D. 演替到森林阶段由于物种多样性增大群落内部的竞争会越来越激烈【答案】D【解析】解 A.地衣和苔藓植物群落演替速度最慢是因为土壤的形成和积累需要漫长的时间 A正确B.在草本植物群落演替过程中多年生植物逐渐取代了一年生或二年生植物 B正确C.木本植物群落演替速度较慢是因为木本植物生长周期较长 C正确D.在演替过程中物种的多样性增大但竞争程度与多样性关系不大主要与资源、空间等有关 D错误故选 D12.下列有关群落的叙述错误的是（）A. 群落有垂直结构和水平结构B. 演替是生物群落的特征之一C. 群落中物种之间是相互联系的D. 群落是由生物及其生存环境组成的【答案】D【解析】解 A.群落有垂直结构和水平结构 A正确B.群落演替是生物群落的特征之一 B正确C.群落中物种之间是相互联系的 C正确D.群落是指生活在一定区域内的所有生物个体总和 D错误故选 D13.下图中甲、乙为同一群落中的两个种群曲线表示δ（δ=出生率/死亡率）随时间的变化情况下列相关叙述正确的是（）A. 在\ t_1sim t_2时间段甲、乙两个种群的年龄组成都是增长型B. 在\ t_2时刻甲、乙两个种群数量的增长速率一定相同C. 在\ Osim t_4时间段乙种群数量的增长曲线为“J”型D. 在\ t_4时刻甲、乙两个种群的个体数量相等【答案】A【解析】解 A.在 t_1\sim t_2时间段甲、乙两个种群的出生率/死亡率的值均大于1 所以两个种群数量都是增长的年龄组成都为增长型 A正确B.在 t_2时刻甲、乙两个种群的出生率/死亡率的值相等但两个种群数量的增长速率不一定相同 B错误C.在 O\sim t_1时间段乙种群数量是减少的所以在 O\sim t_4时间段乙种群数量的增长曲线不是“J”型 C错误D.由于甲、乙两个种群的起始数量以及具体的出生率和死亡率不一定相同所以在 t_4时刻两个种群的个体数量不一定相同 D错误故选 A14.小麦原产地在西亚的新月沃地后来沿着丝绸之路传人我国下列有关叙述正确的是（）A. 传人我国的小麦与原产地小麦的基因库之间有区别B. 在人们拓荒种植小麦的过程中实现了群落的初生演替C. 麦田群落与森林群落相比不存在空间结构D. 引入外来物种均会对本地原有物种的生存构成威胁【答案】A【解析】A、传入我国的小麦与原产地小麦存在地理隔离由于基因突变的不定向性和不同自然条件的选择作用导致它们的基因库之间存在区别 A正确B、在人们拓荒种麦的过程中发生了群落的次生演替 B错误C、麦田群落与森林群落一样都存在空间结构 C错误D、外来物种引进后若能大量繁殖才会对本地原有物种的生存构成威胁 D错误故选A.15.下列关于环境容纳量的叙述正确的是（）A. 环境容纳量是指种群的最大数量B. 种群的种内斗争不会改变环境容纳量的大小C. 在理想条件下影响种群数量增长的因素主要是环境容纳量D. 植食动物在自然环境条件下一年四季的环境容纳量以冬季最大【答案】B【解析】解 A.环境容纳量是指在一定范围内动态变化的种群数量 A错误B.种群的种内斗争不会改变环境容纳量的大小环境容纳量的大小主要与环境的变化有关 B正确C.在理想条件下影响种群数量增长的因素主要有出生率和死亡率 C错误D.植食动物在自然环境条件下一年四季的环境容纳量以夏季最大 D错误故选 B16.下列关于种群的相关说法不正确的是（）A. 出生率与死亡率、迁入率与迁出率直接决定种群密度B. 合理利用野生生物资源通常使种群数量维持在K/2 原因是K/2时种群的增长速率最大有利于资源的可持续利用C. 年龄组成为稳定型的种群其种群数量不一定保持稳定D. 环境容纳量是指种群所能达到的最大数量【答案】D【解析】解 A.出生率与死亡率、迁入率与迁出率直接决定种群密度 A正确B.合理利用野生生物资源通常使种群数量维持在 K/2 原因是 K/2 时种群的增长速率最大种群数量恢复最快有利于资源的可持续利用 B正确C.种群数量同时受多种因素的影响年龄组成只是可以用于预测但并不一定按预测发展C正确D.环境容纳量是指在环境条件不受破坏的情况下一定空间中所能维持的种群的最大数量并不是种群所能达到的最大数量 D错误故选 D17.如图为某草原上布氏田鼠种群的年龄结构示意图下列叙述错误的是（）A. 用标志重捕法来调查布氏田鼠的种群密度B. 该草原上布氏田鼠种群的年龄结构是衰退型C. 该草原上布氏田鼠种群的增长率保持不变D. 一段时间内布氏田鼠的种群密度逐渐变小【答案】C【解析】解 A.布氏田鼠在草原上活动范围广活动能力强可用标记重捕法调查其种群密度 A正确B.由图可知该草原上布氏田鼠的年龄结构为衰退型 B正确C.该草原上布氏田鼠种群的增长率将下降 C错误D.一段时间内布氏田鼠的种群密度逐渐变小 D正确故选 C18.某生态系统中生活着多种植食性动物其中某一植食性动物种群个体数量的变化如图所示若不考虑该系统内生物个体的迁入与迁出下列关于该种群个体数量变化的叙述正确的是（）A. 若ａ点时环境因素发生变化但食物量不变则ａ点以后个体数量变化不符合逻辑斯蒂（“S”型曲线）增长B. 若该种群出生率提高个体数量可能大幅超过b点C. 年龄组成变动会导致该种群个体数量发生波动波动趋势与c~d段相似D. b~c段的出现仅与天敌捕食有关【答案】C【解析】解 A.若a点环境因素变化增长的过程可能会有所变化但由于食物量不变 a点以后个体数量变化最终还是符合“S”型增长只是增长速率有所增加或减少 A错误B.从图中个体数量在K值附近波动可以看出该生态系统是一个相对成熟稳定的生态系统若出生率提高种群密度增大环境阻力增加因存在生存斗争死亡率也将会随之升高故种群数量会随之下降仍在K值附近波动不会大幅超过b点 B错误C.年龄结构变动会导致该种群数量波动但环境容纳量基本不变所以种群数量也是围绕K值波动趋势与c~d段相似 C正确D.种群数量波动的主要原因是食物和天敌当种群被大量捕食时下降趋势与b～c段相似 D错误故选 C19.下列关于弃耕农田演变为树林的过程的分析不正确的是（）A. 该演变属于次生演替植株高度在优势物种的更替中起重要作用B. 在草地变树林的过程中各种草本植物的基因库都不会发生改变C. 群落中植物的分层现象是不同植物种群生存斗争的结果D. 生物自身生长特点的不同是影响群落水平结构的因素之一【答案】B【解析】解 A.弃耕农田上发生的演替属于次生演替较高的植株在竞争中占优势获得更多的光照等资源成为优势物种 A正确B.在草地演变为树林的过程中阴生草本植物数量增多阳生草本植物数量急剧减少因此各种草本植物的基因库会发生改变 B错误C.草原群落中不同种群主要占据不同空间是生物与生物之间、生物与无机环境之间长期生存斗争、自然选择的结果 C正确D.影响群落水平结构的因素很多地形变化、土壤湿度和盐碱度差异、光照强度不同以及生物自身生长特点的不同等均是影响群落水平结构的因素 D正确故选 B20.农贸市场上有新鲜的白菜、萝卜、大葱等多种蔬菜还有活的鸡、猪、鲜蘑菇以及附着在这些蔬菜、鸡、猪等上面的细菌等微生物它们共同组成一个（）A. 种群B. 群落C. 生态系统D. 以上都不是【答案】D【解析】解 A.种群指生活在同一地点同种生物的一群个体 A不符合题意B.群落指同一时间内聚集在一定区域中各种生物种群的集合 B不符合题意C.生态系统包括生物群落和无机环境 C不符合题意D.农贸市场上新鲜的白菜、萝卜、菠菜、活鸡、猪这些生物既不是种群也不是群落 D 符合题意故选 D二、多选题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）21.研究人员在不同季节对一小型湖泊水体进行采样调查浮游藻类的数量和种类结果如图所示下列叙述符合生态学原理的是（）A. 温度是影响该水体中藻类种群变化的重要因素B. 如果该水体发生富营养化藻的种类会有所增加C. 夏季可能是该湖泊中浮游动物种类最多的季节D. 浮游藻类中的氧元素会有10%~20%进入浮游动物【答案】A, C【解析】解 A.据图可知取样季节是实验的自变量因变量是浮游藻类的数量和种类说明温度是影响该水体中藻类种群变化的重要因素 A正确B.据图可知取样季节是实验的自变量无法判断水体发生富营养化、藻的种类是否增加B错误C.夏季是藻类的种类最多而藻类为浮游动物提供食物说明夏季可能是该湖泊中浮游动物种类最多的季节 C正确D.图中无法判断浮游藻类中的氧元素进入浮游动物比例 D错误故选 AC三、填空题（本大题共计1小题每题3分共计3分）22.（1）N和P在植物细胞内共同参与了生物大分子________的合成22.（2）请用食物链的方式表达图1中藻类、浮游动物和银鱼之间的能量流动关系________ 鲢鱼、鳙鱼与银鱼的关系是________22.（3）藻类水华的发生通常被认为是N、P污染导致水体富营养化的结果请简述水体富营养化后水中含氧量降低的原因________________ 最终导致生态系统崩溃22.（4）为了证明上述推测有人对1998、1999年千岛湖水华进行了调查据图2发现“水体富营养化”学说不能很好解释该现象因为________22.（5）由于千岛湖是人工湖泊发育时间较短因此生态系统的________简单稳定性较差千岛湖水华现象警示我们要降低人工湖泊水华发生的频率可以采用________措施【答案】核酸【解析】N和P是植物生长发育所必须的元素可以在植物细胞内共同参与生物大分子核酸等的合成【答案】藻类→浮游动物→银鱼, 竞争【解析】图1表示影响藻类数量变动的主要环境因素所示箭头不是食物链的流动方向但是根据所指方向的抑制作用可以知道三者之间是捕食关系即藻类→浮游动物→银鱼而鲢鱼、鳙鱼与银鱼都捕食浮游动物则他们存在竞争关系【答案】①藻类大量增生由于藻类的有氧呼吸导致水中溶氧下降, ②藻类大量死亡导致需氧型微生物大量繁殖使水体含氧量进一步下降【解析】水体富营养化后水中含氧量降低原因一是藻类大量增生由于藻类的呼吸作用（细胞呼吸）导致水体中含氧量明显下降另一原因是藻类大量死亡导致需氧型微生物的大量繁殖使水体含氧量进一步减少【答案】总N和总P量不是最高值【解析】分析图2发现“水体富营养化”学说不能很好解释1998、1999年千岛湖水华发生的原因依据是总N和总P量不是最高值（总N和总P量低于之前若干年）【答案】营养结构, 控制捕捞量减少污染物的排放增加鲢鱼、鳙鱼的投放量【解析】由表1、图1、2综合分析湖中鲢、鳙主要捕食藻类由于渔业的过度捕捞以及银鱼数量的增加可能会导致鲢鱼、鳙鱼数量及浮游动物数量下降使藻类数量增加最终导致了水华的发生（1）由于千岛湖是人工湖泊发育时间较短因此生态系统的（营养）结构简单稳定性较差要降低人工湖泊水华发生的频率可以采用控制捕捞量、增加鲢鱼、鳙鱼的投放量、减少污染物的排放措施四、解答题（本大题共计8小题每题10分共计80分）23.（1）某研究小组对石漠化过程中植被的特征进行了研究结果发现植被退化的趋势依次为次生乔林\rightarrow 乔灌林\rightarrow 灌木林或藤刺灌丛\rightarrow 稀灌草坡或草坡\rightarrow 稀疏灌草丛在石漠化过程中物种丰富度逐渐________ 该研究小组研究石漠化过程中植被特征的变化是在________水平上研究的问题研究人员用样方法调査该地区某植物的种群密度时对于正好在样方线上的个体如何统计？________23.（2）题干信息可以说明人类活动会影响群落演替的________ 该地区的有些地方受到人类干扰后没有出现石漠化而是保持原状这体现了生态系统的________稳定性23.（3）人类活动停止后在石漠化地区进行的群落演替属于________演替判断依据是________【答案】降低, 群落, 统计相邻两条边及其顶角上的个体【解析】分析题意可知植被退化的趋势依次为次生乔林\rightarrow 乔灌林\rightarrow 灌木林或藤刺灌丛\rightarrow 稀灌草坡或草坡\rightarrow 稀疏灌草丛由此可见在石漠化过程中物种丰富度逐渐降低该研究小组研究石漠化过程中植被特征的变化是在群落水平上研究的问题研究人员用样方法调査该地区某植物的种群密度时对于正好在样方线上的个体应统计相邻两条边及其顶角上的个体【答案】方向, 抵抗力【解析】题干信息可以说明人类活动会影响群落演替的方向该地区的有些地方受到人类干扰后没有出现石漠化而是保持原状这体现了生态系统的抵抗力稳定性【答案】初生, 石漠化地区连最基本的土壤条件都已不复存在【解析】人类活动停止后石漠化地区连最基本的土壤条件都已不复存在因此在石漠化地区进行的群落演替属于初生演替24.（1）田鼠种群数量的调査通常采用标志重捕法使田鼠种群密度调査数量偏大的因素有________24.（2）若鹰从上一个营养级获得的能量相同则鹰增重1 kg 最多消牦植物________kg．食虫鸟的能量不能完全传给鹰的原因是________ 食虫鸟的能量去向不同于鹰的途径是________24.（3）该农田若种植的是小麦可在小麦行的间隙种植磨菇不仅可以额外收获蘑菇也有利于小麦增产试分析小表增产的可能原因是________24.（4）瓢虫在捕食蚜虫时蚜虫会向体外释放一种挥发性的告警激素避免其他蚜虫被瓤虫捕获这体现了生态系统的________功能。

[新教材]人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册Unit 4单元测试卷(Word版,含答案)

[新教材]人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit 4单元测试卷Unit 4Space ExplorationI. 听力部分第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。

每段对话仅读一遍。

( ) 1．When does the woman plan to see Mr Smith?A. This afternoon.B. Tomorrow morning.C. Tomorrow afternoon.( ) 2．What does the woman do?A. S he’s a teacher.B. S he’s a journalist.C. S he’s a writer.( ) 3．Why is the man late?A. His sister is ill.B. He got up late.C. The traffic was bad.( ) 4．Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a tea shop.B. In a ship.C. On an airplane.( ) 5．What does the man mean?A. He doesn’t like either of the shirts.B. It is an easy question for him.C. Yellow is his favourite colour.第二节听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。

这段对话读两遍。

( ) 6．When does the conversation take place?A. In February.B. In January.C. In December.( ) 7．What is the man’s attitude to the woman’s new list?A. Negative.B. Interested.C. Positive.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。

人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册课后习题 Unit 4 第四单元测评卷 (3)

第四单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What is the woman going to do?A.Get some sleep.B.Go surfing.C.Jog on the beach.2.When will the bus arrive?A.At 7:20.B.At 7:22.C.At 7:30.3.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and employee.B.Workmates.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a bank.B.In a restaurant.C.In a hospital.5.What is the woman worried about?A.Her parents’ health.B.Her daughter’s safety.C.Her daughter’s education.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What does the woman say about the subway here?A.It’s crowded.B.It’s convenient.C.It’s complicated.7.How long is the subway in service in the man’s country?A.16 hours.B.18 hours.C.20 hours.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

高二下学期物理选择性必修第三册第四章原子结构和波粒二象性试卷(人教版(2019)Word版,含答案)

湖南武冈二中2020-2021学年高二下学期物理选择性必修第三册第四章原子结构和波粒二象性试卷（人教版（2019）Word 版，含答案）考试范围：选择性必修第三册第四章原子结构和波粒二象性考试时间：75分钟命题人：邓老师注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、单选题(共28分)1．(本题4分)如图所示，蓝光光盘（BD ）可用以储存高品质的影音以及高容量的数据。

它采用波长约为405nm 的蓝色激光进行读写操作，高密度数字视频光盘（DVD ）则采用波长约为650nm 的红色激光进行读写操作。

若BD 和DVD 由相同材料制成，则（）A ．蓝光在光盘里传播速度比红光大B ．蓝光光子的能量比红光光子能量小C ．蓝光比红光波长短，聚焦后焦点直径更小，因此BD 容量更大D ．相同尺寸的空盘最大存储数据能力由写入方式决定，与采用蓝光还是红光写入无关2．(本题4分)用频率为0ν的光照射大量处于基态的氢原子，在所发射的光谱中仅能观测到频率分别为1ν、2ν和3ν的三条谱线，且321ννν>>，则（） A ． 01νν<B ． 321ννν=+C ． 0123νννν=++D ． 123111ννν=+3．(本题4分)近年来，无线光通信技术（不需光纤，利用红外线在空间的定向传播来传递信息的通信手段）在局域网、移动通信等多方面显示出巨大的应用前景。

以下说法正确的是（）①光通信就是将文字、数据、图像等信息转换成光信号从一地传向另一地的过程 ①光纤通信中的光信号在光纤中传输，无线光通信的光信号在空气中传输①红外线的频率比可见光的频率高①红外光子的能量比可见光子的能量大A．①①B．①①C．①①D．①①4．(本题4分)关于α粒子散射实验及核式结构模型，下列说法正确的是（）A．实验装置从α粒子源到荧光屏的空间处于真空环境中B．绝大多数α粒子穿过金箔后发生大角度偏转C．α粒子接近金原子核时，受到很强的吸引力才可能发生大角度偏转D．α粒子散射实验否定了原子的核式结构模型5．(本题4分)以下说法符合物理学史的是（）A．为了解释黑体辐射规律，康普顿提出了电磁辐射的能量是量子化的B．德布罗意把光的波粒二象性推广到实物粒子，认为实物粒子也具有波动性C．汤姆孙通过α粒子散射实验，提出了原子具有核式结构D．普朗克将量子观念引入原子领域，其理论能够解释氢原子光谱的特征6．(本题4分)如图所示是黑体的辐射强度与其辐射光波长的关系图象，则下列说法错误的是（）A．T1>T2B．黑体辐射电磁波的强度按波长的分布除与温度有关外，还与材料的种类及表面状况有关C．普朗克提出的能量量子化理论很好的解释了黑体辐射的实验规律D．如果在一个空腔壁上开一个很小的孔，射入小孔的电磁波在空腔内表面经多次反射和吸收，最终不能从小孔射出，这个小孔就成了一个黑体7．(本题4分)如图所示，甲图为演示光电效应的实验装置；乙图为a、b、c三种光照射下得到的三条电流表与电压表读数之间的关系曲线；丙图为氢原子的能级图；丁图给出了几种金属的逸出功和极限频率。

高中人教版英语必修三单元学考测评4含答案

Unit 4单元学考测评(总分：150分时间：120分钟)(见学考测评卷P19～P24)第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What does the woman mean?A．The homework can't be done in two days.B．She hasn't finished her homework yet.C．She doesn't expect it to come so soon.答案：C2．What does the woman think of the exhibition?A．The exhibition is the best one she has ever been to.B．The exhibition is the worst one she has ever been to.C．The exhibition is no better than others.答案：A3．Why does NOT the woman have black tea?A．She doesn't like the taste of it.B．She can not have one before bed.C．She likes honey better.答案：B4．How much did the woman's trousers cost?A．45 dollars. B．12 dollars.C．33 dollars.答案：C5．What job is the man looking for?A．He wants to work in the computer market department.B．He wants to work at a computer servicing company.C．He wants to work at the computer center.答案：C第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

高一英语外研版(2019)必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试(含答案)

Unit 4 Amazing art 单元测试一、听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

（）1. How much money does the man need to borrow?A. 10 dollars.B. 20 dollars.C. 30 dollars.（）2. What did the woman do this afternoon?A. She did homework.B. She read in her room.C. She cleaned the sitting room.（）3. What’s the weather like now?A. Rainy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny.（）4. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Boss and employee.B. Brother and sister.C. Husband and wife.（）5. What does the man probably do?A. A student.B. An operator.C. A secretary.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

（）6. Why doesn’t the woman suggest flowers?A. They are boring.B. They are expensive.C. They are not in season.（）7. What present does the man decide to take?A. Flowers.B. Chocolates.C. A plant.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

人教版高中英语必修第三册课后习题第4单元过关检测(A卷)

第四单元过关检测(A卷)(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What is the woman going to do on Friday?A.Take an ee.C.Go to the mountain.答案:B2.When will the shirts probably be finished?A.On Friday morning.B.On Friday afternoon.C.On Saturday afternoon.答案:C3.Which sweater does the man advise the woman to buy?A.The blue one.B.The red one.C.The green one.答案:C4.How high do the ceilings today usually measure?A.2.3 metres.B.2.7 metres.C.3 metres.答案:B5.Where did the man stay during the day?A.On the beach.B.In the mountain.C.In the hotel.答案:A第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.Where does this conversation probably take place?A.At a hotel.B.On an island.C.In a travel office.答案:C7.What is the man doing?A.Planning a tour.B.Looking for a hotel.C.Trying to find a book.答案:A听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

2019-2020学年英语人教版必修3课后习题：第四单元测评Word版含解析

第四单元测评（用时:120分钟满分:150分）第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Who likes the film?A. Jim.B.Tom.C.Ja ne.答案B2. What is the woma n going to do?A. Go shopp ing.B. Make a list.C. Make a chocolate pie.答案C3. How many hours does the woma n work at a restaura nt on Friday?A. 5.B.6.C.7.答案B4. Where is the woma n?A. At a bus stop.B. ln a classroom.C. On a shuttle bus.答案A5. What are the speakers mainly talk ing about?A. A pers on.B. A program.C. A hobby.答案B第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

W:Excuse me.I purchased this shirt from your store two days ago，but it is just too small to wear.M:Let me see.This is Size M.Will Size L fit you?W:Yes.And could you also check if that comes in blue?I ' d like to buy an extra shirt.M:Certainly.Oh,l ' m sorry,madam.We just ran out of blue.How about a green one?It ' s a popular colour as well! 6.What is wrong with the shirt the woman got?A. It shra nk in the wash.B. It is the wrong size.C. The colour isn ' t to her taste.答案B7. Why does the man recomme nd a gree n shirt?A. It suits the woma n.B. It is cheap and popular.C. He has no blue shirts in stock.答案C听第7段材料，回答第8 9题。

人教版2017课标高中英语必修第三册Unit4单元测试试卷-含答案03

Unit4Space Exploration单元测试第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ACan you imagine a cloud floating in the middle of your room?Do you want to know what it feels like to fly like a bird?Find your answers in Time Magazine’s25“Best Inventions”.Here,we have picked out the most interesting4to share with you.Talking GlovesEver felt confused by the sign language used by disabled people?Here is the“helping hand”you need.Four Ukrainian students have created a pair of gloves that helps people with hearing and speech problems communicate with others.The gloves are equipped with sensors that recognise sign language and translate it into text on a smartphone.Then the smartphone changes the text to spoken words.Google GlassesGoogle Glasses are like a computer built into the frame of a pair of glasses.With its1.3-centimeter display,the glasses allow you to surf the Internet and make calls without even lifting a finger.The glasses also have a camera and GPS mapping ers can take and share photos,check maps and surf the Internet just by looking up, down,left and right.Indoor CloudsIt’s not virtual.That’s a real world.Dutch artist Smilde managed to create a small but perfect white cloud in the middle of a room using a fog machine.But it required careful planning—the temperature,humidity(湿度)and lighting all had to be just right.Once everything was ready,the cloud formed in the air with the machine.But it only lasted for a short while.WingsuitsThe suit fulfills your dreams of flying like a bird.Well,not exactly flying,but gliding(滑翔)through the air.It increases the surface area of the human body,which makes it easier for people to float in the air.Fliers wearing wingsuits can glide one kilometer in about30seconds.1.Who will probably be the users of“Talking Gloves”?A.Disabled people.B.Normal people.C.Trained people.D.Working people.2.How can users of Google Glasses surf the Internet?A.By moving the mouse.B.By tapping the keyboard.C.By pressing the button.D.By moving the eyeballs.3.Which of the following can help you fly?A.Talking Gloves.B.Google Glasses.C.Wingsuits.D.Indoor Clouds.BEvery morning,little Sebastiana Balistreri makes the day of bus driver John Reed.The Milwaukee kid is known to wave and jump up and down as Reed’s bus pulls up to her stop.So when Reed’s route changed,he knew he had to deliver a proper goodbye to the4-year-old,his favorite passenger,for all the sweet memories from the little angel.“Good morning,sweetie!”he greeted the child and her mom,Tracy.“Oh my God.How are you?I got you a card.I got you a coloring book and there’s something else in there for you,”he told Sebastiana as he handed her a goodie bag.The sweet moment was recorded by security cameras inside the bus.“My daughter is very happy,”Tracy told Friday.“That’s just the way she is.In the morning, when she sees him coming,she gets very excited.They just developed a friendship.”Inside Sebastiana’s card,Reed wrote:“I can honestly say that over the past months you have been my favorite bus passenger.Your happy smile and warm everyday Good Mornings have brightened my everyday.I want to thank you for being a GREAT EXAMPLE for others to follow.”Reed was very kind to little Sebastiana and the other passengers.That’s what made Tracy so impressed.So she took to her Facebook account to explain her daughter’s special connection to the bus driver.“Every morning Sebastiana and I take the city bus to school and work,”she wrote.“We try to always take the same bus because we made friends with the driver John.”“She is always super excited to see him.She always wishes him a good morning,and tells him the latest news in her4-year-old life.She wrote him a Valentine,and he gave her one too.They are best friends.”4.How does Sebastiana feel when she sees Read’s bus coming?A.Relieved.B.Confident.C.Thrilled.D.Concerned.5.Why did Reed decide to say goodbye to little Sebastiana Balistreri?A.The girl no longer took his bus.B.He had his bus route shifted.C.He changed his present job.D.He was transferred to another company.6.What left the deepest impression on Tracy?A.Reed’s kindness.B.Reed’s driving skills.C.Reed’s enthusiasm.D.Reed’s happy smiles.7.Which of the following can best serve as the main idea of the text?A.True friendship is a plant of slow growth.B.Learn to love yourself and to forgive yourself.C.Friendship is a single soul living in two caring bodies.D.Understanding is not a responsibility,but an opportunity.CBacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution.“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically,it’s‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and....it’s not a very nice thing at time.It’s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响)on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don’t teach.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.8.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear different forms.答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。

必修3第4单元测试题 答题卡

(人教版)高中英语必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试试卷02及答案

(外研版)高中英语必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试试卷02及答案

人教版高中英语必修三 Unit4 Astronomy： the science of the stars单元测试卷(二) Word版含答案

(外研版)高中英语必修第三册Unit4单元测试03含答案解析

2023-2024学年高中生物人教版必修3第4章 种群和群落单元测试(含答案解析)

[新教材]人教版(2019)高中英语必修第三册Unit 4单元测试卷(Word版,含答案)

人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册课后习题 Unit 4 第四单元测评卷 (3)

高二下学期物理选择性必修第三册第四章原子结构和波粒二象性试卷(人教版(2019)Word版,含答案)

高中人教版英语必修三 单元学考测评4含答案

高一英语外研版(2019)必修第三册 Unit 4单元测试(含答案)

人教版高中英语必修第三册课后习题 第4单元过关检测(A卷)

2019-2020学年英语人教版必修3课后习题：第四单元测评Word版含解析

人教版2017课标高中英语必修第三册Unit4单元测试试卷-含答案03

必修3第4单元测试题答题卡

2023-2024学年高中生物人教版必修3第4章种群和群落单元测试(含答案解析)

高中人教版英语必修三单元学考测评4含答案

人教版高中英语必修第三册课后习题第4单元过关检测(A卷)