Kurtz's Last Words： A Vision for Redemption in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness
2024年贵州专升本考试英语大纲
2024年贵州专升本考试英语大纲全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Biggy-Wiggy Important English Test for Grown-Up Students in Guizhou in 2024Hi there, kids! Are you getting excited about the Really Really Big English Test that's coming up next year for the university students in Guizhou? I know, I know, tests can be super duper boring. But this one is going to be loads of fun, I promise!You see, all the big kids who are already in college but want to level-up to a university are going to have to take this test. It's kind of like when you beat the last level of your favorite video game and get to move on to an even more exciting new game! Except in this case, it's not a game at all – it's their education we're talking about. Crazy, right?Anyway, let me tell you all about what's going to be on this test so you can get a headstart if you're planning to go to college and then university one day too. Are you ready? Here we go!Reading FuntownIn the reading section, you'll get to read all sorts of fun stories and articles. There will be tales about science, culture, economics, and even politics! I know what you're thinking – "But James, those things sound super duper boring!" Trust me, they won't be boring at all because the writers will make them nice and easy to understand.After you read each passage, you'll get to answer some questions about whatyou just read. It's kind of like a little quiz, but nothing too hard. Just pay attention to the details, and you'll be A-okay!Writing PlaygroundThis is where things get really fun! In the writing section, you get to use your incredible creativity and imagination. The test will give you a topic, and then you get to write a brilliant essay or article all about it. How cool is that?You can write whatever you want, as long as it makes sense and follows all the rules of good writing that your teachers have taught you. Use those amazing describing words, make sure your grammar is on point, and don't forget to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Piece of cake, right?Listening PlaytimeOkay, okay, I know listening can be kind of tricky sometimes. But in this section of the test, you'll get to hear all kinds of fun conversations, speeches, and even audio clips from movies or TV shows! How awesome is that?The only catch is that you'll have to listen very carefully because after each audio piece, you'll need to answer some questions about what you just heard. Don't worry, though – if you missed something the first time, you can always ask for it to be played again. Phew!Speaking TalkathonLast but not least, we have the speaking section. This is where you get to show off your English speaking skills and really let your personality shine through!There will be all sorts of fun topics and situations for you to talk about. Maybe you'll have to describe your favorite holiday or pretend you're giving a speech about why ice cream is the best food ever. Who knows? The possibilities are endless!The most important thing is to speak clearly, use proper grammar and vocabulary, and just have fun with it. Imagine you're just chatting with your best friend, and you'll do great.Well, there you have it, kids! That's the lowdown on the big English test that's coming up in Guizhou next year. I know it might seem a little intimidating now, but if you study hard and practice, practice, practice, you'll be more than ready to rock this test.Just remember to stay positive, have fun, and don't stress too much. You've got this! Now, who's ready to go out and play some more? Race you to the swingset!篇2The Totally Awesome English Test for Grown-Ups in GuizhouHey kids! Are you ready to hear about the super cool English test that all the big kids in Guizhou have to take next year? It's called the 2024 Guizhou Academic Proficiency Test, but you can just call it the "Grown-Up Test" for short.This test is gonna be epic! It covers all the English skills that older students need to know, like reading, writing, listening, and even some speaking too. Just imagine having to do pages and pages of English homework all in one big test. Crazy, right?But wait until you hear what's on the reading part of the test. They have to read all kinds of passages from books, newspapers,magazines - you name it! From funny stories to serious science articles, they've gotta power through and answer mad questions proving they understood everything. Talk about a brain workout!Then there's the writing section, which is sort of like one mega english essay assignment. The test graders give the big kids a topic, and they have to write a whole paper about it using perfect grammar, vocabulary, and even throwing in their own thoughts and opinions. No "oh I forgot to study" excuses on this one!Speaking of not studying, I bet you'll never guess what's next - the listening part! The grown-ups put on headphones and have to listen to recordings of people talking or lectures being given. Then they answer questions showing they were paying super close attention. No zoning out allowed on test day!Finally, there's the speaking section which might just be the scariest of all. Can you imagine having to talk out loud and answer questions IN ENGLISH for a test grader? The pressure is on to pronounce everything perfectly and respond with smooth, clear sentences. ¡Ài yā! As if the other sections weren't hard enough!Luckily for all the big kids, the test makers actually tell them exactly what's going to be on the exam ahead of time. It's all laidout in what's called the "syllabus" - a big list of all the grammar concepts, vocabulary words, and skills they'll need to know backwards and forwards.For example, the reading syllabus lists tons of different genres like fiction, non-fiction, newspaper articles, and more. The big kids better know random vocabulary from all those categories plus be experts at spotting main ideas, making inferences, you know - all that reading comprehension stuffwe've learned.Then in writing, the syllabus outlines all the essay formats they need to master, like persuasive, narrative, expository - you know how it goes. They've got to be writing Machinas with flawless grammar, natural transitions between ideas, and a solid argument or storyline from start to finish.As for listening, the syllabus tells them to expect conversations, lectures, broadcasts, you name it - all about different subject matters from news to academics to storytelling. Listening for details, understanding context clues, inferring meanings...their ears are gonna be ringing after focusing that hard!And speaking? The syllabus says to prepare for all sorts of tasks like retelling storylines, explaining opinion pieces, evengiving mini-presentations on random topics pulled from a hat. No stammering, stumbling, or sticking to short caveman sentences on this section - only A+ communication skills allowed!Can you imagine having to know that much English all at once? I'd be shaking in my kickball cleats! The big kids in Guizhou must be super students to handle that crazy "Grown-Up Test." Or maybe they just drink a ton of brain juice before taking it. Either way, more power to them!So there you have it - the inside scoop on the 2024 English extravaganza happening in Guizhou next year. Makes me glad I'm still a kid with easy tests for now. Phew! Who's ready for rebuntu time?篇3The 2024 Guizhou Big Test for Upgrading to University English PartHi friends! My name is Xiaoming and I'm going to tell you all about the English part of the huge test in Guizhou Province next year for students who want to go to university. It's a really important test, but I'll explain it in a simple way that's easy for kids like us to understand. Let's get started!First off, the reading part is super important. They will give us a few different passages to read, maybe some stories, articles, advertisements or other types of texts. We have to read them very carefully and answer multiple choice questions to show we understood the main ideas, details, words in context, and things like the author's purpose or tone. Sounds kind of hard, but if we practice it will be a piece of cake!The reading passages could be about almost any topic - culture篇4The Super Fun Guizhou English Test for Big Kids in 2024!Hey kids! Are you ready to hear about the awesome English test that some of the big kids in Guizhou will get to take next year? It's called the 2024 Guizhou Academic Examination for Upgrading from Junior College to Undergraduate Level. That's a really long name, so let's just call it the Super Fun Guizhou English Test!This test is super special because only the coolest big kids who have already finished junior college get to take it. If they do really well, they might even get to go to an amazing university and learn SO MUCH MORE! How exciting is that?Now, let me tell you all about the neat things these big kids will need to know for the English part of the test. Get ready, because it's going to be a blast!First up, they'll need to know all about listening to English. That means they have to be totally awesome at hearing English words, sentences, conversations, and even speeches or lectures, and understanding what they mean. It's like a fun game of "I Spy" but with your ears instead of your eyes!Next, they'll be tested on their reading skills in English. They'll read all sorts of cool stories, articles, letters, and other texts, and then answer questions about them. It's just like when we read our favorite books, but these big kids have to show they can do it in another language. How cool is that?But that's not all! The test will also check if these big kids can write well in English. They might have to write letters, essays, reports, or even stories of their own. It's like getting to be a real author, but in English. I bet they'll come up with the most amazing tales!And last but not least, the big kids will need to prove they can speak English like total pros. They might have to describe pictures, roleplay conversations, give speeches, or even havediscussions about different topics. It's like putting on a fun play, but instead of acting, they get to use their English speaking skills!Doesn't that all sound like a total blast? I'm sure these big kids are working really hard to prepare for the Super Fun Guizhou English Test. And who knows, maybe one day you'll get to take a test just like it when you're all grown up too!But for now, keep practicing your English skills by reading, writing, listening, and speaking as much as you can. That way, when you're a big kid, you'll be ready to rock any English test that comes your way!What did you think of the Super Fun Guizhou English Test? Let me know if you have any other questions about it. I'm always happy to chat with my favorite little language learners!篇5The 2024 Guizhou Zhuanshengben English TestHey there, friends! My name is Lily and I'm going to tell you all about the big English test that students in Guizhou have to take next year if they want to upgrade from a college diploma to a bachelor's degree. It's called the Zhuanshengben Exam and the English part is super important!First off, let me explain what "zhuanshengben" means. You see, some students go to vocational colleges first and get a diploma. But later, if they want to get a full bachelor's degree, they have to take this extra exam called the "zhuanshengben." The English section is a big part of it.So what's on the English test? Well, it covers all the main stuff you need to know - listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Let's go through each one:ListeningFor the listening part, you'll hear dialogues, speeches, news reports, and interviews in English. You have to answer multiple choice questions to show you understood the main ideas and details. The passages aren't too long, but you have to listen very carefully!ReadingThen there's the reading section where you read different passages like articles, essays, fables and stories. The passages are longer than the listening ones. You have to answer questions about the main ideas, details, author's purpose, and making inferences from the text. Some of the vocabulary is pretty hard, so you need a big English word bank!WritingMy favorite part is the writing section! You get to write an essay of around 300 words. The topics could be about anything - your future plans, an important event, your opinions on something, or telling a story. You have to use proper grammar, vocabulary, organization and formatting. Writing is fun if you practice a lot!SpeakingLast but not least, there's the speaking part. You get recorded questions and have to give spoken responses in English. The questions could ask you to describe an image, explain your views on an issue, or tell a story based on some pictures. You get scored on pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary and how well you respond to the prompt.Phew, that's a lot of English practice needed! The reading passages are probably the trickiest since the vocabulary is very advanced. I'd recommend reading lots of English books, newspapers and websites to get ready.For writing and speaking, practicing again and again is key. Maybe get an English tutor to help check your work. And forlistening, watching movies and shows in English could help train your ears.The test isn't easy since you need excellent English skills in all areas. But if you study really hard, I'm sure you can zhuanshengben and get that bachelor's degree!Those are the main things about the 2024 Guizhou Zhuanshengben English Exam. Let me know if you have any other questions! Learning English is super important these days to get a good job. I'm rooting for all of you to pass with flying colors! Study hard, okay? Ganbatte!篇6The Big English Test for Big Kids in Guizhou in 2024Hey boys and girls! Are you ready to learn about the huge English test that some big kids in Guizhou province will take next year? It's called the Guizhou Undergraduate Entrance Exam and it has a really important English part.If you are a student who has finished high school in Guizhou and you want to go to a university, you need to take this test. The English part of the test is super duper important because itshows if you can read, write, listen and speak in English well enough for university.So what will be on the English test? Let me tell you all about it!ReadingIn the reading part, you will read some passages and then have to answer questions about them. The passages could be stories, news articles, advertisements, or other types of texts. Some will be shorter and some will be longer.The questions will ask you things like:What is the main idea?What fact did the author provide about...?Which of the following is true based on the passage?What can be inferred about...?You'll have to read very carefully and understand all the details to get the right answers. Doesn't that sound fun?WritingThat's right, there will be a writing part too! You might have to write a letter, an essay, an advertisement or other type of text.The questions will tell you what to write about and how long it should be.For example, it might say "Write a letter to your pen pal describing your favorite holiday. The letter should be 100-120 words long." Then you have to write a really good letter following those instructions.The teachers will grade you on:If your writing matches the topicIf it has a clear structure like an intro, body and conclusionIf you used good vocabulary and grammarIf you spell everything correctlySounds hard right? But if you practice a lot, you'll get super good at it!ListeningIn this part, you'll hear recordings of people talking and have to answer questions about what they said. The recordings could be conversations, lectures, radio shows, or anything!You'll have to listen very carefully because the questions will ask stuff like:What did the man say about...?Why did the woman decide to...?What will happen next according to the speaker?What can be inferred from the conversation?It will be spoken at a natural speed, so you need to have a good ear for English. Having trouble? Just ask the teacher to play it again!SpeakingOooh, the speaking part - this ones can be scary! For this part, you might have to:Answer questions about familiar topicsDescribe a picture or sceneRole play a situationGive opinions and explanationsYou'll be graded on:Your pronunciation - if the teacher can understand youYour vocabulary - using lots of good wordsYour grammar - making sentences correctlyYour fluency - speaking smoothly without too many pausesDon't worry, the teachers aren't mean! They just want to see if you can really speak English well.Whew, that's a lot of stuff huh? The English part of the Guizhou Undergrad Entrance Exam tests your skills in reading, writing, listening AND speaking. It's super important if you want to go to university.But don't be scared! If you study hard, read lots of English books, watch movies and TV shows, practice speaking with your friends and family, you'll do awesome!Just relax, have fun with English, and you'll be more than ready to take this big test next year. Good luck, Guizhou kids!。
高中英语上外版必修第三册Unit2ArtandArtists单元复习与测试课后练习、课时练习
一、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)1. Motherhood didn’t stop her dream and she continued to _______(追求) her goal of becoming an actress. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)2. He had changed to such an extent that I could no longer ________(辨认出)him. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)3. His research has made a series of international leading results and has ________(象征性的) significance. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)二、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)4. She showed considerable t________(天资)for getting what she wanted.(根据中英文提示填空)5. Adam Smith is d________(卓越的)for his knowledge of economics. (根据中英文提示填空)三、完成句子6. On long journeys I ________(打发时间) with solving maths puzzles. (根据汉语提示完成句子)四、根据所给汉语提示填空7. His ________ (艺术天分) were wasted in his boring job.(根据汉语提示完成句子)8. You must ________ (认识到……的严重性) of the problems we are facing. (根据汉语提示完成句子)9. On his retirement the post will ________ (撤掉). (根据汉语提示完成句子)五、汉译英（整句）(翻译)10. 现在在会议上讨论的问题过两周表决。
高级英语Book5学习资料lesson1
LessonOne Salvation1. 课文译文救赎兰斯顿.休斯在我快13岁那年，我的灵魂得到了拯救，然而并不是真正意义上的救赎。
事情是这样的。
那时我的阿姨里德所在的教堂正在举行一场盛大的宗教复兴晚会。
数个星期以来每个夜晚，人们在那里讲道，唱诵，祈祷。
连一些罪孽深重的人都获得了耶稣的救赎，教堂的成员一下子增多了。
就在复兴晚会结束之前，他们为孩子们举行了一次特殊的集会——把小羊羔带回羊圈。
里德阿姨数日之前就开始和我提这件事。
那天晚上，我和其他还没有得到主宽恕的小忏悔者们被送去坐在教堂前排,那是为祷告的人安排的座椅。
我的阿姨告诉我说：“当你看到耶稣的时候，你看见一道光，然后感觉心里似乎有什么发生。
从此以后耶稣就进入了你的生命，他将与你同在。
你能够看见、听到、感受到他和你的灵魂融为一体。
”我相信里德阿姨说的，许多老人都这么说，似乎她们都应该知道。
尽管教堂里面拥挤而闷热，我依然静静地坐在那里，等待耶稣的到来。
布道师祷告，富有节奏，非常精彩。
呻吟、喊叫、寂寞的呼喊，还有地狱中令人恐怖的画面。
然后他唱了一首赞美诗。
诗中描述了99只羊都安逸的待在圈里，唯有一只被冷落在外。
唱完后他说道：“难道你不来吗？不来到耶稣身旁吗？小羊羔们，难道你们不来吗？”他向坐在祷告席上的小忏悔者们打开了双臂，小女孩们开始哭了，她们中有一些很快跳了起来，跑了过去。
我们大多数仍然坐在那里。
许多长辈过来跪在我们的身边开始祷告。
老妇人的脸像煤炭一样黑，头上扎着辫子，老爷爷的手因长年的劳作而粗糙皲裂。
他们吟唱着“点燃微弱的灯，让可怜的灵魂得到救赎”的诗歌。
整个教堂里到处都是祈祷者的歌声。
最后其他所有小忏悔者们都去了圣坛上，得到了救赎，除了一个男孩和依然静静地坐着等侯的我。
那个男孩是一个守夜人的儿子，名字叫威斯特里。
在我们的周围尽是祈祷的修女、执事。
教堂里异常闷热，天色也越来越暗了。
最后威斯特里小声对我说：“去他妈的上帝。
我再也坐不住了，我们站起来吧，就可以得到救赎了。
TheNeuroscienceofArt
By casual juxtaposition the two fields of art and neuroscience seem to have little in common. Our cul-ture characterizes art as imagina-tive, subjective, narrative, and of-ten controversial, but very rarely scientific. In contrast, we portray science as logical, objective, factual, and integral to our understanding of nature, both of ourselves and the world around us. But the growing insight that some scientists have gained in recognizing the work of artists as co-investigators of real-ity have led them to conclude that while their approaches differ, art-ists and scientists strive toward a common goal in their quest for knowledge.Under this joint endeavor, the relationship between artist and neu-roscientist doesn’t seem so hard to swallow. After all, the artist has his-torically been the prime investiga-tor of visual perception. Although not always with reproducible ex-periments or verifiable results, they intuitively unlocked the secrets of the eye and the visual brain. Leon-ardo da Vinci used his knowledge of how the eye perceives form and depth through gradual changes in light to perfect his techniques of sfumato and chiaroscuro, centuries before psychologists and neurosci-entists formulated theories of depth cues. In his 1871 lecture, Helmholtz articulated that “we must look upon artists as persons whose ob-servation of sensuous impression is particularly vivid and accurate, and whose memory for these images is particularly true. That which long tradition has handed down to the men most gifted in this respect, and that which they have found by in-numerable experiments in the most varied directions […] forms a seriesof important and significant facts,which the physiologist, who hashere to learn from the artist, cannotafford to neglect” (qtd in Hyman2008).Artists have also embraced newknowledge about visual perceptionto work alongside the discoveriesof scientists. Optical art of the 60s,better known as “Op Art,” is per-haps one of the best examples ofsuch cross-fertilization of ideas. Opart, so-called because of its focuson retinal effects, embraced newdiscoveries about how the retinaprocesses contrast and color. Art-ists like Richard Anuszkewitz wereeven characterized as “scientificartists” in their highly methodicalcreation of artworks that scintil-lated the eye with its often jarringretinal effects. He concluded inhis masters thesis that “ ‘throughtheir studies, modern psycholo-gists have presented to us ways of‘seeing’ works of art more compe-tently. They have shown to us howthe eye organizes visual materialaccording to definite psychologicallaws […] The relationship betweenartist and psychologist has provena benefit for both’ ” (qtd. in Lunde23). Artists like to break neurologicand perceptual rules, but in orderto break rules, one must first under-stand them. Thus, it is fitting thatartists take just as much interest inunderstanding visual perceptionas the neuroscientist, and have cre-ated in their canvases a repositoryof knowledge from their investiga-tions.In the past decade, neuroscien-tists have taken a newfound inter-est in exploring art’s insights onvisual perception. Semir Zeki, whopioneered the field of neuroaesthet-ics explains, “Because all art obeysthe laws of the visual brain, it is notuncommon for art to reveal theselaws to us, often surprising us withthe visually unexpected. Paul Kleewas right when he said, ‘Art doesnot represent the visual world, itmakes things visible’”(Zeki web-site).In fact, Harvard psychologistPatrick Cavanagh has called art-ists “neuroscientists” in their un-derstanding that “our visual brainuses a simpler, reduced physics tounderstand the world” (Cavanagh2005). He argues that artists subse-quently incorporate these shortcutsonto the canvas through physicallyimpossible shadows, colors, reflec-tions, and contour, which typi-cally go unnoticed by the viewer.Furthermore, Harvard neurobiolo-gist Margaret Livingstone has hy-pothesized that the ephemeral andmysterious nature of Mona Lisa’ssmile may in fact be attributed tothe attention of our peripheral andcentral vision to different levels ofresolution, with the former prefer-ring coarse components, while thelatter prefers fine details. Living-stone theorizes that since facial ex-pressions are more easily identifiedfrom their coarse components, theswitch from peripheral to centralvision when we focus on differentparts of the painting may explainthe elusiveness of Mona Lisa’ssmile (Livingstone 73).Can Neuroscience Explain Art?Some scientists have gone evenfurther to theorize that a viewer’sexperience of art, and indeed whatdistinguishes “good” art, can beexplained by of a set of neural cor-The Neuroscience of ArtMengfei HuangStanford Journal of Neuroscience 24Reviews & FeaturesReviews & Featuresrelates. Neuroscientist Semir Zeki originally coined the term “neuro-esthetics” to describe his pioneering investigations of the neurological mechanisms that underlie art. Zeki, renowned for his discoveries about the visual brain, heads the Labora-tory of Neurobiology at University College London and runs the Insti-tute of Neuroesthetics (founded in 2001). He believes that “the artist is in a sense, a neuroscientist, explor-ing the potentials and capacities of the brain, though with differ-ent tools. How such creations can arouse aesthetic experiences can only be fully understood in neural terms. Such an understanding is now well within our reach” (Zeki website). Brain imaging studies using functional MRI (fMRI) tech-niques have thus far predominated Zeki’s work, including studies that localize regions of the brain that correlate with human appreciation for aesthetic beauty (Kawabata and Zeki 2004). Zeki has also proposed that ambiguity is a distinguishing trait of great artworks, which offer the viewer multiple interpretations, all of which equally valid. He be-lieves that we do not “sufficiently acknowledge that the almost infi-nite creative variability that allows different artists to create radically different styles arise out of com-mon neurobiological processes” (Zeki 2001).Neuroesthetics, however, has met with significant debate, and V.S. Ramachandran’s seminal pa-per “The Science of Art: A Neuro-logical Theory of Aesthetic Experi-ence” instigated quite a discussion in its wake. The director of the Center of Brain and Cognition at University of California-San Diego, Ramachandran has taken a similar interest in explaining art through neuroscience. He argues in his pa-per that “all art is caricature”, in the sense that all art contains a distor-tion along a single dimension, suchas in form (Hindu sculptures) orcolor (Impressionism).“The pur-pose of art,” he writes, is to “en-hance, transcend, or indeed evento distort reality,” and proposesexperiments using brain imagingand galvanic skin responses to fur-ther elucidate those mysteries withempirical evidence (Ramachandranand Hirstein 1999).One specific explanation he haspresented is on the topic of cubism.In elucidating why simultaneousviews of an object from multiplevantage points is “more pleasing” tothe viewer, Ramachandran makesa specific physiological prediction.He explains that in the fusiform gy-rus there are cells that only respondto certain views of a face and thenthere are so called “master facecells” that respond to all views ofa face. Normally only one view ofthe face would be presented at atime, but in a cubist painting, thepresence of multiple views couldcause multiple “single view” cellsto fire at once, thus hyperactivatingthe “master face cells” and excitingthe limbic system accordingly (Ra-machandran 2001).In taking a neurological stancethat joins Zeki in his argumentthat art stems from physiology ofthe brain, Ramachandran elicitedmuch criticism for his oversight ofother factors that contribute to thecreation and appreciation of art.Formal commentaries to “The Sci-ence of Art” point out that Ramach-andran’s evaluation overlooks thecontributions of emotion, intention,memory, and knowledge. RichardGregory, Professor Emeritus of Ex-perimental Psychology at the Uni-versity of Bristol, comments that“there is an implicit phrenologicalview of the brian here, which mayor may not be correct. Undoubted-ly there are functional modules, butsurely there is more and more evi-dence of feedback loops—and anenormous richness of downgoingfibres, which might mediate knowl-edge into perception. I wouldthink the role of knowledge—bothknowledge of the world and ex-perience of art—is greatly under-estimated in this paper” (Gregory1999).Oxford Philosophy ProfessorJohn Hyman characterized Ram-achandran’s theory as “brazenlyreductionist” and points out its fail-ure to address the fundamental ideathat art is a product of its time madewith “specific tools, materials, andtechniques. Understanding ‘whatart really is’ has to involve under-standing how the ability that worksof art have to express meaning, andto communicate thoughts and feel-ings and perceptions, depends onthese tools, materials, techniques.”(Hyman 2008) The limitations ofZeki and Ramachandran’s theoriesalso extend to their primary focuson specific eras of painting from theWestern World, which in the worldof art, is merely one niche of many.Art is a far more encompassing en-tity that often escapes definition.How then is one able to confine artwithin the domains of neurosci-ence?In a follow up interview to hisarticle, Ramachandran explainedthat he intended for his paper “toserve as a starting point” and ac-knowledged that a complete theoryof art may not even exist, but thathe hoped his essay would “gener-ate a useful dialogue between art-ists, neuroscientists, perceptualpsychologists and art historians—to bridge C.P. Snow’s two cultures”(Ramachandran 2001). That thefield of neuroaesthetics has sparkeddiscourse between the two culturesis without debate, and clearly, greatVolume II, Issue 1, Fall 200925potential for innovative work lies in further dialogue between art and neuroscience. However, it is equally certain that both artists and scientists must appreciate the com-plexity of the subject and acknowl-edge that neuroscience in itself is not a sufficient theory of art, but it can enrich our understanding of art by adding yet another dimension.Art and CognitionWhile the question of whether neuroscience can aptly define art is a highly controversial topic among artists and neuroscientists, less con-tended is the idea that art contains much knowledge about the brain, and no one holds a better key to unlocking that knowledge than the artist, himself. The late Robert Sol-so, who headed the Cognition Lab at the University of Nevada-Reno, spent time as a post-doc at Stanford, where he conducted MRI scans of a distinguished portrait artist, while making 30 second drawings of fac-es inside the MRI machine. When the results of those scans were compared to those of a control—a Stanford graduate student in Psy-chology with no formal training in art—Solso not only confirmed that the brain area frequently associated with face identification (FFA) was specifically activated, he also found that the artist may be more efficient in processing facial features. In comparison to the student, the art-ist showed less activity in the FFA which processes faces, and greater activity in the right middle frontal area, “the part of the brain usually associated with more complex as-sociations and manipulations of vi-sual forms, “ suggesting a “‘higher order’ interpretation.” (Solso 2000).Solso hoped that this experi-ment would push the preconceived methodological limits of fMRI re-search beyond button-pressing, bulb-squeezing, or simply think-ing to the possibility of more mo-bile, interactive tasks, like drawing.Solso often came to Stanford as avisiting professor and even taughta course on cognition and the vi-sual arts during his time here. Hebelieved that “art and cognitionhave always stood as two convexmirrors each reflecting and ampli-fying the other. Yet surprisingly, inspite of monumental recent devel-opments in both aesthetics and cog-nition, the connection between thetwo disciplines has not been stud-ied systematically”(Solso xiii).The time to study that connec-tion has come, and in the arena ofeducation, teachers are especiallyhopeful for answers to the question“What is art’s role in cognitive de-velopment?” Many have writtenabout the integral role of art in pub-lic education, including StanfordProfessor Emeritus Elliot Eisnerof the School of Education. Eisnerargued that distinctive forms ofthinking, artistically-rooted formsof intelligence, were relevant to allaspects of what we do and shouldbe used to reshape education mod-els. Harvard psychologist How-ard Gardner has redefined cog-nitive ability through his theoryof multiple intelligences, whichnotably includes categories suchas bodily-kinesthetic and visual-spatial alongside more traditional“intelligences” such as verbal-lin-guistic and logical-mathematical.In his commencement speech tothe Stanford class of ’07, Chairmanof the National Endowment for theArts, Dana Gioia said “Art is an ir-replaceable way of understandingand expressing the world—equalto but distinct from scientific andconceptual methods. Art addressesus in the fullness of our being—si-multaneously speaking to our intel-lect, emotions, imagination, memo-ry, and physical senses.” Furtherscientific evidence of how art en-gages us in those complementarymodes of thinking would greatlyaid educators who face the chal-lenge of teaching students to thinkcreatively, during a time when artprograms are vanishing from pub-lic education.Gioia reminded us that “we livein a culture that barely acknowl-edges and rarely celebrates thearts or artists.” What if instead ofviewing art as a dispensable luxu-ry, we could see it as a key ingredi-ent in unlocking the great myster-ies of neuroscience? University ofCalifornia-San Francisco surgeon,art enthusiast, and author Leon-ard Shlain writes that just as com-bining information from our twoeyes enhances the third dimensionof depth, by “seeing the worldthrough different lenses of art andscience and, by integrating theseperspectives, [we] arrive at a deep-er understanding of reality”(Shlain434).Works CitedCavanagh, Patrick. “The artist as neuroscientist,”Nature 434 (2005): 301-307.Gregory, Richard. “Object hypotheses in visualperception: David Marr or Cruella de Ville?” J of Con-sciousness Studies 6-6/7 (1999): 54-56.Hyman, John. “Art and Neuroscience,” Interdisci-plines. 2008 </artcog-nition/papers/15>.Kawabata, Hideaki and Semir Zeki. “Neural Cor-relates of Beauty.” J Neurophysiol 91 (2004): 1699-1705.Livingstone, Margaret. Vision and Art: The Biol-ogy of Seeing. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002.Lunde, Karl. Anuszkiewicz. New York: Harry N.Abrams, 1977.Ramachandran, V.S. and William Hirstein, “TheScience of Art: A Neurological Theory of AestheticExperience.” Journal of Consciousness Studies 6. 6-7(1999): 15-51.Ramachandran, V.S. Interview with AnthonyFreeman. “Sharpening Up ‘The Science of Art.’” J ofConsciousness Studies 8-1 (2001): 9-29.Shlain, Leonard. Art & Physics: Parallel Visions inSpace, Time & Light. New York: William Morrow andcompany, inc., 1991.Solso, Robert. Cognition and the Visual Arts.Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.Solso, Robert. “The cognitive neuroscience of art.”J of Consciousness Studies 7-8/9 (2000): 75-81.Zeki, Semir. “Artistic creativity and the brain.”Science 293 (2001): 51-52.Zeki, Semir. “Statement on neuroesthetics.” In-stitute of Neuroesthetics. 10 Oct 2007 <http://www. /statement-on-neuroesthetics.php >.Reviews & FeaturesStanford Journal of Neuroscience 26。
2025届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit1ScienceFiction教师用书
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．science fiction科幻小说2．annual bonus年终红利3．a ridiculous rumour 荒谬的谣言4．a man of integrity一个诚恳正直的人5．with grace and dignity文静而庄重6．an absurd idea 一个荒唐的想法7．bus fares公交车车费8．excuse for inaction不实行措施的理由9．alien forces in the region 该地区的外国军队10．grip the rope 抓紧绳子11．be filled with hazy frost 充溢着朦胧的雾霭12．the maximum height 最高高度13．pay a huge salary付一大笔薪水14．fall backwards仰面摔倒15．fetch some books 拿来一些书二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.(conj.然而)2．We go and do the weekly shopping every Thursday.(adj.每周的)3．The company wants to keep down labour costs.(n.劳动)4．Many people were not satisfied with the pace of change.(n.速度)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.(n.预约)拓展：appoint v．任命；委任；支配→appointed adj.指定的；约定的2．His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.(adj.内疚的)拓展：guilt n．内疚；懊悔；犯罪3．The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.(vi.激增) 拓展：explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增4．I dismissed the problem from my mind.(vt.消退)拓展：dismissal n．解雇；撤职5．He declared he would not run for a second term as president.(vt.宣称) 拓展：declaration n．申报(单)；宣布；公告6．From this you can calculate the total mass in the Galaxy.(vt.计算)拓展：calculation n．计算→calculator n．计算器7．We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends.(adj.更好的)拓展：superiority n．优越感；优势；优越(性)8．I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.(n.除法)拓展：divide v．(使)分开9．They urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme.(vt.力劝) 拓展：urgency n．紧迫；急事→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的→urgently adv.迫切地；紧急地10．The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across the Midwest.(adj.随机的)拓展：randomly adv.随机；随意；未加支配地三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思1．The new product had been tested out before it was put on the market.检验2．The organization encourages members to meet on a regular basis as well as provides them with financial support.定期3．Although she is my teacher, Ms Wang and I are more like friends. 更像是4．Do you know what this product is? Or rather，what it does？更准确地说5．After his defeat, many of his supporters fell away.消逝6．Their opinion on the accident conflicted with ours.与……冲突或抵触7．This model of 5G mobile phone is far superior to any others.比……更好8．We have an urge to give advice immediately to make the person feel better and try to fix the problem.有剧烈的欲望9．Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will take over the class.A A．接手B．汲取C．呈现D．占据10．You can't expect everything to turn out as you wish.DA．关掉B．熄灭 C．在场D．结果是四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法2.3.4.教材原句Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.(as if引导方式状语从句)夜幕驾临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转瞬间，白昼就来临了。
英语四级长篇阅读
Into an Unknown WorldA、Brain chips mean we are struggling to distinguish our own thoughts from ideas implanted by advertisers．Self-driving cars restrict old．school human dr ivers to special recreation parks．And the optimal(最佳的)number offingers is 1 2．5．B、Confused?It’s a vision of the world in 25 years，as dreamed up by today’s researchers in computer-human interaction(CHI)．C、CHI normally means investigating better ways for people to interact with devices we have now,but last week attendees at the annual conference in Toront 0，Canada，got ahead of themselves．They created an imaginary conference agenda for 2039 that predicts the kinds of challenges we will face with future compute rs--many of which will be implanted．D、“It’s meant to be sort of the fringes(边缘)of human--computer interact ion research，what’s really edgy or provocative，”says Eric Baumer of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，who dreamed up the idea of the conference．“Th ere’s a lot of retrospective thinking about the past，but there’s not as much thinking about what are the futures toward which we think we’re working．”E、We used the abstracts to create a list of the questions we—or more accu rately．our cyborg descendants--might have about computers in 2039．Is it weird when my organs talk to each other?F、In an abstract entitled“My liver and my kidney compared notes”，IBM re searcher Michael Muller,based in Cambridge，Massachusetts，looks at what happen s when the implanted monitors on people’s intemal organs—a network he calls A rterionet--are able to share data and pool knowledge to offer enhanced health t ips．G、His conclusion：“While most users were skeptical．many users proposed a dditional features that could lead to greater acceptance and compliance with su ch recommendations．”H、It’s worth thinking about how people might deal with health tips from o rgan monitors．Wearable technology that tracks your activity or your health sta tus is slowly gaining popularity while researchers earlier this year implanted power-generating silicone strips on the hearts，lungs and diaphragms(横膈膜) of live cows，pigs and sheep．Muller says the biggest challenge to creating Arteri onet will be figuring out how to fit the artificial intelligence in a sufficien tly small and safe package．Why do plants need their own Facebook,again?I、To understand this question，you need to know about Plantastic，the brai nchild of Bill Tomlinson and his colleagues at the University of California at Irvine．J、In their abstract，they reason that to make our food supply more sustain able，it may make sense to grow more fruits and vegetables close to home．But c ertain crops thrive when they’re grown in large quantities or alongside certai n other plants--too tall all order for the average farmer．K、Enter Plantastic，which would advise what plants would work best for you r area and tell you what people in the neighbourhood are growin9．Nanochips on plants would feed data back to the site．That information in turn could be used to 1earn more about what grows best in which environment．L、Assuming people will want to know whether this adds anythin9，Tomlinson’s team created a fictional(虚构的)study that looks at l o backyard gardens over two growing seasons．It suggests that using Plantastic will increase yields by 4 to 12 percent．M、Tomlinson’s graduate student Juliet Norton is working on an early versi on of what the online system might look like．Autonomous cars have made driving so boring--what shall I do instead?N、Andreas Riener at the Institute for Pervasive Computing in Linz．Austria，has written an abstract that starts with a bold view of the future：“The first self-driving car cruised on our roads in 2019．Now,20 years after,it is time to review how this innovation has changed our mobility behaviour．”O、This vision is rooted in a real trend．Self-driving cars have been makin g headlines for several years now．They are legal to drive in the state of Neva da．and Google’s driverless car has already racked up hundreds of thousands of practice miles．P、Reiner’s contribution is to explore how this will change us．He predict s that once the robots take the wheel everywhere．many of us will lose interest in driving altogether．Fewer of us will own our own cars．Those who do won’t w aste as much time pimping them out or driving around iust for fun．People who s till love cars might have to seek their thrills in special“recreation parks”．w here they can drive manually in an artificial environment．“If the vehicles of the future are only a means to get from A to B，this car culture would get los t．”he says．Did I just think up that idea or did an advertiser implant it?Q、Multiple contributors to CHl 2039 ponder the future of brain implants．W hether it involves capturing input from each of our senses or recording neurons(神经元)directly in the brain，they assume that this one is a question not of i f but when．And that could bring opportunities--and challenges．R、Shachar Maidenbaum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem，Israel，envisi ons devices that could record our day-to-day experiences and then allow US to s hare our memories with one another,revolutionising courts，classrooms，and our social interactions．S、Daniel Gruen of IBM Research，meanwhile，envisions devices that could pr ompt your memory when you forget something．一with some darker consequences．“I magine in the future that you have systems that help you with memory,”he say s．“At what point do you start wondering．‘Wait．I’ve had an idea．Is that r eally mine or is that idea coming from somewhere else?”’So，what is the ideal number of fingers?T.、Ever strain yourself swiping across your iPhone screen?That problem wou ld go away if you could have an extra thumb surgically(手术地)attached to your hand．U、That’s the starting point for a fictitious study of l 24 people who hav e chosen to augment their hands with bionic(仿生的)fingers--on average they hav e 13．4 digits．Johannes Schfnin9，a computer scientist at Hasselt University i n Belgium，even comes to an intriguing conclusion：“The optimal finger count i s l 2．5，with six normal—sized fingers on each hand and the dominant hand hav ing an extra half-sized finger that can be moved with 6 degrees of freedom．”V、It’s entertaining stuff but even SchSning admits that 25 years might no t be long enough for this one to appear．46．In his article．Michael Muller investigates the consequences of Arterionet’s being capable of sharing information to supply extra strong health advices．47．CHI refers to the exploration ofbetter means for people to interact with to day’s equipments，but during last week’s yearly meetin9，participants propose d a future vision of CHI．48．To prove if Plantastic is really helpful．Tomlinson and his colleagues cond ucted an imaginary research which investigates l o family gardens over 2 planti ng seasons．49．Autonomous cars have become a hot topic since many years a90．50．It deserves to be taken into account that what people will do to treat the health secrets offered by organ monitoring units．51．In the paper,Tomlinson and his partners infer that to increase the endurabi lity of our food supply,it is necessary to plant more fruits and vegetable nearour houses．52．Bionic finger is an interesting stuff but even SchSning doubt whether it ca n be created during the next25 years．53．At the same time．IBM research Daniel Gruen imagines some kind of equipment s that Call remind you of things you forget，which leads to bad results, 54．We always think a lot about the past，but we seldom consider the future lif e we’re trying to create．55．In 2019．our roads saw in the first autonomous car．And the year 2039 is th e time for us to consider to what extent this creation has transformed our movi ng styles．46．In his article．Michael Muller investigates the consequences of Artefionet’s being capable of sharing information to supply extra strong health advices．在他的文章中，迈克尔·穆勒研究了Arterionet内部能够共享信息并提供养生秘诀时带来的后果。
爱伦坡-一瓶白葡萄酒
Short Story
• Deep analysis of human psychology
(subconscious of human mind ) (took neurotic characters as main characters in his stories)
• An Effect （效果论）
6
Genre
Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre that he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the transcendental movement as "FrogPondians", after the pond on Boston Common,and ridiculed their writings as "metaphor—run mad," lapsing into "obscurity for obscurity's sake" or "mysticism for mysticism's sake".
02职称英语
2014职称英语理工B模拟试题（一）第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A possibilityB necessityC abilityD probability2.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A loadsB layersC pyramidsD piles3.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A advisedB causedC forcedD promised4.The manager gave us the identical cottage each summer.A temporaryB similarC sameD attractive5.The earth moves around the sun.A beforeB roundC afterD over6.I don‘t quite follow what she is saying.A observeB understandC explainD describe7.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A enjoyableB irresistibleC legalD profitable8.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A extendsB stretchesC broadensD bends9.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematicsA errorB puzzleC attractionD contradiction10.While we don‘t agree , we continue to be friends.A BecauseB WhereC AlthoughD Whatever11.I‘m content with the way the campaign has gone.A tiedB satisfiedC filledD concerned12.This table is strong and durable.A long-lastingB extensiveC far-reachingD eternal13.He endured agonies before he finally expired.A firedB resignedC diedD retreated14.For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.A reallyB basicallyC fundamentallyD completely15.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A take outB repairC push inD dig第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。